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Protein epitope mimetic macrocycles as biopharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 38:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Cui YX, Bradbury R, Flamini V, Wu B, Jordan N, Jiang WG. MicroRNA-7 suppresses the homing and migration potential of human endothelial cells to highly metastatic human breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:89-101. [PMID: 28571043 PMCID: PMC5563947 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) has been observed as a potent tumour suppressor in multiple cancer types including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the response sensitivities of metastatic breast cancer cells to miR-7 and the roles of miR-7 in the interaction of endothelial cells and metastatic cancer cells. Methods: Expression profile of miRNAs in a breast cancer specimen cohort and breast cancer cells were determined using real-time quantitative miRNA assays. Effect of the altering expression of miR-7 on migration, invasion, proliferation, interaction and underlying molecular mechanism of breast cancer cells and endothelial cells was investigated after treatment with the synthesised mimic of miR-7. Luciferase activity analysis was performed to validate Wave-3 as a novel target of miR-7. Results: miR-7 expression was negatively correlated with the stage, grade and survival of the breast cancer patients. There was also differential expression of miRNAs including miR-7 in the breast cancer cells. The synthesised mimic of miR-7 inhibits the motility and wound healing potential of breast cancer cells. The highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells are more sensitive to the miR-7 treatment than the poorly invasive MCF-7 cells. Treatment with miR-7 downregulated the expression of EGFR, IGF1R and Wave3 in MDA-MB-231 cells but not in MCF-7 cells. In addition, we further demonstrated that miR-7 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of endothelial cells. And more importantly, miR-7 suppressed the homing and migration of endothelial cells to more aggressive tumour cell conditions. Conclusions: Given the dual inhibitory effect of miR-7 on metastatic breast cancer cells alone and the interaction of endothelial cells with the tumour-conditioned microenvironment, we suggest miR-7 may be a new therapeutic candidate for its capacity not only to prevent breast cancer cell spreading but also to inhibit tumour-associated angiogenesis in the metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robyn Bradbury
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valentina Flamini
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Bo Wu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis (Beijing), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Nicola Jordan
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Liu XQ, Fourel L, Dalonneau F, Sadir R, Leal S, Lortat-Jacob H, Weidenhaupt M, Albiges-Rizo C, Picart C. Biomaterial-enabled delivery of SDF-1α at the ventral side of breast cancer cells reveals a crosstalk between cell receptors to promote the invasive phenotype. Biomaterials 2017; 127:61-74. [PMID: 28279922 PMCID: PMC5777630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The SDF-1α chemokine (CXCL12) is a potent bioactive chemoattractant known to be involved in hematopoietic stem cell homing and cancer progression. The associated SDF-1α/CXCR4 receptor signaling is a hallmark of aggressive tumors, which can metastasize to distant sites such as lymph nodes, lung and bone. Here, we engineered a biomimetic tumoral niche made of a thin and soft polyelectrolyte film that can retain SDF-1α to present it, in a spatially-controlled manner, at the ventral side of the breast cancer cells. Matrix-bound SDF-1α but not soluble SDF-1α induced a striking increase in cell spreading and migration in a serum-containing medium, which was associated with the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in MDA-MB231 cells and specifically mediated by CXCR4. Other Knockdown and inhibition experiments revealed that CD44, the major hyaluronan receptor, acted in concert, via a spatial coincidence, to drive a specific matrix-bound SDFα-induced cell response associated with ERK signaling. In contrast, the β1 integrin adhesion receptor played only a minor role on cell polarity. The CXCR4/CD44 mediated cellular response to matrix-bound SDF-1α involved the Rac1 RhoGTPase and was sustained solely in the presence of matrix-bound SDFα, in contrast with the transient signaling observed in response to soluble SDF-1α. Our results highlight that a biomimetic tumoral niche enables to reveal potent cellular effects and so far hidden molecular mechanisms underlying the breast cancer response to chemokines. These results open new insights for the design of future innovative therapies in metastatic cancers, by inhibiting CXCR4-mediated signaling in the tumoral niche via dual targeting of receptors (CXCR4 and CD44) or of associated signaling molecules (CXCR4 and Rac1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiu Liu
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; FONDATION ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet, 94803, Villejuif, France; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Laure Fourel
- Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France; CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Fabien Dalonneau
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Rabia Sadir
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, F-38027, Grenoble, France
| | - Salome Leal
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, F-38027, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France; CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France.
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Lefort S, Thuleau A, Kieffer Y, Sirven P, Bieche I, Marangoni E, Vincent-Salomon A, Mechta-Grigoriou F. CXCR4 inhibitors could benefit to HER2 but not to triple-negative breast cancer patients. Oncogene 2017; 36:1211-1222. [PMID: 27669438 PMCID: PMC5340801 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The CXCR4 receptor and its ligand CXCL12 (also named stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF1) have a critical role in chemotaxis and homing, key steps in cancer metastasis. Although myofibroblasts expressing CXCL12 are associated with the presence of axillary metastases in HER2 breast cancers (BC), the therapeutic interest of targeting CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in the different BC subtypes remains unclear. Here, we investigate this question by testing antitumor activity of CXCR4 inhibitors in patient-derived xenografts (PDX), which faithfully reproduce human tumor properties. We observed that two CXCR4 inhibitors, AMD3100 and TN14003, efficiently impair tumor growth and metastasis dissemination in both Herceptin-sensitive and Herceptin-resistant HER2 BC. Conversely, blocking CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway in triple-negative (TN) BC does not reduce tumor growth, and can even increase metastatic spread. Moreover, although CXCR4 inhibitors significantly reduce myofibroblast content in all BC subtypes, they decrease angiogenesis only in HER2 BC. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting CXCR4 could provide some therapeutic interest for HER2 BC patients, whereas it has no impact or could even be detrimental for TN BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lefort
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, LNCC Labelized Team, Institut Curie Research Department, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Inserm, U830, Genetics and Biology of Cancer, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - A Thuleau
- Laboratory of pre-clinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie Research Department, Paris, France
| | - Y Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, LNCC Labelized Team, Institut Curie Research Department, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Inserm, U830, Genetics and Biology of Cancer, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - P Sirven
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, LNCC Labelized Team, Institut Curie Research Department, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Inserm, U830, Genetics and Biology of Cancer, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - I Bieche
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénétique, Institut Curie Hospital Group, Paris, France
| | - E Marangoni
- Laboratory of pre-clinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie Research Department, Paris, France
| | - A Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Pathology Institut Curie Hospital Group, Paris, France
| | - F Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, LNCC Labelized Team, Institut Curie Research Department, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Inserm, U830, Genetics and Biology of Cancer, Paris, F-75248, France
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Mir H, Kapur N, Singh R, Sonpavde G, Lillard JW, Singh S. Andrographolide inhibits prostate cancer by targeting cell cycle regulators, CXCR3 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:819-26. [PMID: 27029529 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1148836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite state of the art cancer diagnostics and therapies offered in clinic, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Hence, more robust therapeutic/preventive regimes are required to combat this lethal disease. In the current study, we have tested the efficacy of Andrographolide (AG), a bioactive diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata, against PCa. This natural agent selectively affects PCa cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, without affecting primary prostate epithelial cells. Furthermore, AG showed differential effect on cell cycle phases in LNCaP, C4-2b and PC3 cells compared to retinoblastoma protein (RB(-/-)) and CDKN2A lacking DU-145 cells. G2/M transition was blocked in LNCaP, C4-2b and PC3 after AG treatment whereas DU-145 cells failed to transit G1/S phase. This difference was primarily due to differential activation of cell cycle regulators in these cell lines. Levels of cyclin A2 after AG treatment increased in all PCa cells line. Cyclin B1 levels increased in LNCaP and PC3, decreased in C4-2b and showed no difference in DU-145 cells after AG treatment. AG decreased cyclin E2 levels only in PC3 and DU-145 cells. It also altered Rb, H3, Wee1 and CDC2 phosphorylation in PCa cells. Intriguingly, AG reduced cell viability and the ability of PCa cells to migrate via modulating CXCL11 and CXCR3 and CXCR7 expression. The significant impact of AG on cellular and molecular processes involved in PCa progression suggests its potential use as a therapeutic and/or preventive agent for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Mir
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- b Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama of Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - James W Lillard
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- a Department of Microbiology , Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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56
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Bhatia S, O'Bryan SM, Rivera AA, Curiel DT, Mathis JM. CXCL12 retargeting of an adenovirus vector to cancer cells using a bispecific adapter. Oncolytic Virother 2016; 5:99-113. [PMID: 27957479 PMCID: PMC5113939 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ad vectors are promising delivery vehicles for cancer therapeutic interventions. However, their application is limited by promiscuous tissue tropism and hepatotoxicity. This limitation can be avoided by altering the native tropism of Ads so that they can be redirected to the target cells through alternate cellular receptors. The CXCR4 chemokine receptor belongs to a large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors and is known to be upregulated in a wide variety of cancers, including breast cancer and melanoma. These receptors have been associated with cancer cell survival, progression, and metastasis. In the current study, an Ad to cancer cells overexpressing CXCR4 by using a bispecific adapter, sCAR-CXCL12, was retargeted. The sCAR-CXCL12 adapter contained the soluble ectodomain form of the native Ad5 receptor (sCAR), which was fused to a mature human chemokine ligand, CXCL12, through a short peptide linker. A dramatic increase in the infectivity of cancer cells using a targeted Ad vector compared with an untargeted vector was observed. Furthermore, sCAR-CXCL12 attenuated Ad infection of liver ex vivo and in vivo and enhanced Ad vector infection of xenograft tumors implanted in immunodeficient SCID-bg mice. Thus, the sCAR-CXCL12 adapter could be used to retarget Ad vectors to chemokine receptor-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Samia M O'Bryan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Angel A Rivera
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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57
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Inaguma S, Riku M, Ito H, Tsunoda T, Ikeda H, Kasai K. GLI1 orchestrates CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling to enhance migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33648-57. [PMID: 26413813 PMCID: PMC4741792 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 impacts on the distant metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer, though knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of their expressions is limited. Meanwhile, the GLI transcription factors of Hedgehog signaling have been reported to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of many types of human cancer. In breast cancer, the increased expression of GLI1 correlated with metastasis and unfavorable overall prognosis, though its molecular mechanism is also not fully understood. Based on our findings that GLI1 enhanced the lung metastasis of breast cancer cells in a mouse model system, we comprehensively screened for genes up-regulated by GLI1 in breast cancer cells, and as such identified CXCR4, CXCR7/ACKR3, and actin-binding protein LCP1/L-PLASTIN, all of which have been reported to be involved in CXCL12-stimulating signaling. In breast cancer cells, we found that GLI1 and GLI2 up-regulated these expressions, while treatment with GLI-specific inhibitor GANT61 reduced the expressions. As for CXCR4, we confirmed it as a direct target of GLI1 through the reporter assay and the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We also found that GLI1 enhanced CXCL12-induced ERK phosphorylation and cell migration, both of which were blocked by either CXCR4-specific inhibitor or knockdown of CXCR7 or LCP1. These evidences suggest an indispensable role of GLI1 in the migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells through CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Katkoori VR, Basson MD, Bond VC, Manne U, Bumpers HL. Nef-M1, a peptide antagonist of CXCR4, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in colon and breast cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27763-77. [PMID: 26318034 PMCID: PMC4695024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nef-M1 peptide competes effectively with the natural ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha, to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in colon cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). Its role in tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, key steps involved in tumor growth and metastasis, are unknown. We evaluated the angioinhibitory effect of Nef-M1 peptide and examined its role in the inhibition of EMT in these cancers. Colon (HT29) and breast (MDA-MB231) cancer cells expressing CXCR4 were studied in vitro and in xenograft tumors propagated in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with Nef-M1 or scrambled amino acid sequence of Nef-M1 (sNef-M1) peptide, a negative control, starting at the time of tumor implantation. Sections from tumors were evaluated for tumor angiogenesis, as measured by microvessel density (MVD) based on immunostaining of endothelial markers. In vitro tumor angiogenesis was assessed by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with conditioned media from the tumor cell lines. A BC cell line (MDA-MB 468) which does not express CXCR4 was used to study the actions of Nef-M1 peptide. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses assessed the effect of Nef-M1 on tumor angiogenesis and EMT in both tumors and cancer cells. Metastatic lesions of CRC and BC expressed more CXCR4 than primary lesions. It was also found that tumors from mice treated with sNef-M1 had well established vascularity, while Nef-M1 treated tumors had very poor vascularization. Indeed, the mean MVD was lower in tumors from Nef-M1 treated mice than in sNef-M1 treated tumors. Nef-M1 treated tumor has poor morphology and loss of endothelial integrity. Although conditioned medium from CRC or BC cells supported HUVEC tube formation, the conditioned medium from Nef-M1 treated CRC or BC cells did not support tube formation. Western blot analyses revealed that Nef-M1 effectively suppressed the expression of VEGF-A in CRC and BC cells and tumors. This suggests that Nef-M1 treated CRC and BC cells are more consistent with E-cadherin signature, and thus appears more epithelial in nature. Our data indicate that Nef-M1 peptide inhibits tumor angiogenesis and the oncogenic EMT process. Targeting the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, mediated pathways using Nef-M1 may prove to be a novel therapeutic approach for CRC and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Katkoori
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vincent C Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harvey L Bumpers
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
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Wang F, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang K, Chen M, Niu H, Yang J, Luo Y, Tang W, Sheng M. Predictive role of the overexpression for CXCR4, C-Met, and VEGF-C among breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Breast 2016; 28:45-53. [PMID: 27214240 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of CXCR4, C-Met and VEGF-C present widely in breast tumors, they may be markers of resistance to treatment. However, the studies are still controversial. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to research the relationship between the overexpression of CXCR4, C-Met, VEGF-C and clinical prognosis among breast cancer patients. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible literature. The outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS), relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). All tests of statistical significance were two sided. RESULTS A total of 7830 patients from 28 eligible studies were assessed. The overexpression of the CXCR4 and C-Met both implied significantly worse PFS compared with normal expression [HR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.34-4.91, P = 0.005; and HR = 1.63 95% CI = 1.20-2.22, P = 0.002]. Meanwhile, if patients had high expression of CXCR4, they would have worse OS [HR = 2.56 95% CI = 1.52-4.31, P = 0.000]. However, the overexpression of C-Met did not relate to OS for breast cancer patients [HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.69-1.95, P = 0.570]. Meanwhile, no statistically significant different was observed with respect to PFS and OS between VEGF-C overexpression and normal expression [HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.64-1.52, P = 0.968; and HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.43-1.33, P = 0.333]. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed that CXCR4 and C-Met were efficient prognostic factors for breast cancer. Nevertheless, highly expressing VEGF-C was not related to progression-free survival and overall survival. Due to the small samples and insufficient date, further studies should be conducted to clarify the association between the overexpression of CXCR4 or C-Met or VEGF-C and the prognosis about breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yueguang Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Kunxian Yang
- First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Minju Chen
- First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Heng Niu
- First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wenru Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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CXCR6 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma supports metastatic process via modulating metalloproteinases. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9985-98. [PMID: 25888629 PMCID: PMC4496412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LuCa) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide regardless of the gender. High mortality associated with LuCa is due to metastasis, molecular mechanisms of which are yet to be defined. Here, we present evidence that chemokine receptor CXCR6 and its only natural ligand, CXCL16, are significantly expressed by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are involved in the pathobiology of LuCa. CXCR6 expression was significantly higher in two subtypes of NSCLC (adenocarcinomas-ACs and squamous cell carcinoma-SCCs) as compared to non-neoplastic tissue. Additionally, serum CXCL16 was significantly elevated in LuCa cases as compared to healthy controls. Similar to CXCR6 tissue expression, serum level of CXCL16 in AC patients was significantly higher than SCC patients. Biological significance of this axis was validated using SCC and AC cell lines. Expression of CXCR6 was higher in AC cells, which also showed higher migratory and invasive potential than SCC. Differences in migratory and invasive potential between AC and SCC were due to differential expression of metalloproteinases following CXCL16 stimulation. Hence, our findings suggest clinical and biological significance of CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in LuCa, which could be used as potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Zhang Z, Chen H, Xu C, Song L, Huang L, Lai Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Gu D, Ren L, Yao Q. Curcumin inhibits tumor epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway and upregulating NKD2 expression in colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2615-23. [PMID: 26985708 PMCID: PMC4811403 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis are closely associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT refers to epithelial cells under physiological and pathological conditions that are specific to mesenchymal transition. Curcumin inhibits EMT progression via Wnt signaling. The Wnt signaling pathway is a conservative EMT-related signaling pathway that is involved in the development of various tumors. In the present study, MTS assays were employed to analyze the proliferation of curcumin-treated cells. Naked cuticle homolog 2 (NKD2), chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and antibodies associated with EMT were examined in SW620 colorectal cancer cell lines using western blot analysis and real-time qPCR. NKD2 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and CXCR4 expression plasmid was synthesized and transfected into the colorectal cancer cell lines, and NKD2 and CXCR4 expression levels were detected. The results showed that curcumin significantly inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and upregulated the expression of NKD2 in SW620 colorectal cancer cells and in the xenograft, resulting in the downregulation of key markers in the Wnt signaling. In addition, the progression of ETM was inhibited due to the overexpression of E-cadherin as well as the downregulation of vimentin. Curcumin also inhibited tumor metastasis by downregulating the expression of CXCR4 significantly. The results suggested involvement of the NKD2-Wnt-CXCR4 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, curcumin is inhibit this signaling and the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lu Song
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Huang
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yuebiao Lai
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Hanlu Chen
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Danlin Gu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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Wang W, Liu D, Yang L, Li Y, Xu H, Wang F, Zhao J, Zhang L. CXCR4 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in myasthenia gravis–associated thymoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 49:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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63
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CXCR4 over-expression and survival in cancer: a system review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5022-40. [PMID: 25669980 PMCID: PMC4467131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is frequently over-expressed in various types of cancer; many agents against CXCR4 are in clinical development currently despite variable data for the prognostic impact of CXCR4 expression. Here eighty-five studies with a total of 11,032 subjects were included to explore the association between CXCR4 and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) in subjects with cancer. Pooled analysis shows that CXCR4 over-expression is significantly associated with poorer PFS (HR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.72-2.42) and OS (HR=1.94; 95% CI, 1.71-2.20) irrespective of cancer types. Subgroup analysis indicates significant association between CXCR4 and shorter PFS in hematological malignancy, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cancer, gynecologic cancer, pancreatic cancer and liver cancer; the prognostic effects remained consistent across age, risk of bias, levels of adjustment, median follow-up period, geographical area, detection methods, publication year and size of studies. CXCR4 over-expression predicts unfavorable OS in hematological malignancy, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, renal cancer, lung cancer, gynecologic cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer and gallbladder cancer; these effects were independence of age, levels of adjustment, publication year, detection methods and follow-up period. In conclusion, CXCR4 over-expression is associated with poor prognosis in cancer.
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64
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Fritsche H, Heilmann T, Tower RJ, Hauser C, von Au A, El-Sheikh D, Campbell GM, Alp G, Schewe D, Hübner S, Tiwari S, Kownatzki D, Boretius S, Adam D, Jonat W, Becker T, Glüer CC, Zöller M, Kalthoff H, Schem C, Trauzold A. TRAIL-R2 promotes skeletal metastasis in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9502-16. [PMID: 25909161 PMCID: PMC4496234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in detection, surgical approaches and systemic therapies, breast cancer remains typically incurable once distant metastases occur. High expression of TRAIL-R2 was found to be associated with poor prognostic parameters in breast cancer patients, suggesting an oncogenic function of this receptor. In the present study, we aimed to determine the impact of TRAIL-R2 on breast cancer metastasis. Using an osteotropic variant of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we examine the effects of TRAIL-R2 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, in addition to the reduced levels of the proliferation-promoting factor HMGA2 and corresponding inhibition of cell proliferation, knockdown of TRAIL-R2 increased the levels of E-Cadherin and decreased migration. In vivo, these cells were strongly impaired in their ability to form bone metastases after intracardiac injection. Evaluating possible underlying mechanisms revealed a strong downregulation of CXCR4, the receptor for the chemokine SDF-1 important for homing of cancers cells to the bone. In accordance, cell migration towards SDF-1 was significantly impaired by TRAIL-R2 knockdown. Conversely, overexpression of TRAIL-R2 upregulated CXCR4 levels and enhanced SDF-1-directed migration. We therefore postulate that inhibition of TRAIL-R2 expression could represent a promising therapeutic strategy leading to an effective impairment of breast cancer cell capability to form skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Fritsche
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heilmann
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert J Tower
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja von Au
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doaa El-Sheikh
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Graeme M Campbell
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Göhkan Alp
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis Schewe
- Department of General Pediatrics, ALL-BFM Study Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hübner
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Kownatzki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Jonat
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus C Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schem
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CCC-North, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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65
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Ahmadiankia N, Moghaddam HK, Mishan MA, Bahrami AR, Naderi-Meshkin H, Bidkhori HR, Moghaddam M, Mirfeyzi SJA. Berberine suppresses migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through down-regulation of chemokine receptors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:125-31. [PMID: 27081456 PMCID: PMC4818359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Berberine is one of the main alkaloids and it has been proven to have different pharmacological effects including inhibition of cell cycle and progression of apoptosis in various cancerous cells; however, its effects on cancer metastasis are not well known. Cancer cells obtain the ability to change their chemokine system and convert into metastatic cells. In this study, we examined the effect of berberine on breast cancer cell migration and its probable interaction with the chemokine system in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was cultured, and then, treated with berberine (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml) for 24 hr. MTT assay was used in order to determine the cytotoxic effect of berberine on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Wound healing assay was applied to determine the inhibitory effect of berberine on cell migration. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR analysis of selected chemokine receptors was performed to determine the probable molecular mechanism underlying the effect of berberine on breast cancer cell migration. RESULTS The results of wound healing assay revealed that berberine decreases cell migration. Moreover, we found that the mRNA levels of some chemokine receptors were reduced after berberine treatment, and this may be the underlying mechanism for decreased cell migration. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that berberine might be a potential preventive biofactor for human breast cancer metastasis by targeting chemokine receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran,Corresponding author: Naghmeh Ahmadiankia. Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Tel: +98-2332395054; Fax: +98-2332394800;
| | | | | | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Damghan, Damghan, Iran
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Identification of novel 2-(1H-indol-1-yl)-benzohydrazides CXCR4 ligands impairing breast cancer growth and motility. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:93-106. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) and the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 are involved in several physiological and pathological processes including breast cancer spread and progression. Several CXCR4 antagonists have currently reached advanced development stages as potential therapeutic agents for different diseases. Results: A small series of novel CXCR4 ligands, based on a 2-(1H-indol-1-yl)-benzohydrazide scaffold, has been designed and synthesized. The interaction with CXCR4-active site was predicted by molecular docking and confirmed by whole cell-based [125I]-SDF-1 ligand competition binding assays. One of the synthesized compounds was particularly active in blocking SDF-1-induced breast cancer cell motility, proliferation and downstream signaling activation in different breast cancer cell models and coculture systems. Conclusion: The newly synthesized compounds represent suitable leads for the development of innovative therapeutic agents targeting CXCR4.
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67
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Li XF, Guo XG, Yang YY, Liu AY. Effect of CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression on the prognosis of patients with stage II~III colon cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1073-6. [PMID: 25735334 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the relationship between CXCR4, CD133 co-expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of patients with phase II~III colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine paraffin-embedded samples of tumor tissue and epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer were collected from patients with colon cancer undergoing radical surgery in Baotou Cancer Hospital from January, 2010 to June, 2011. CXCR4 and CD133 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and its relationship with clinicopathological features and the 3-year survival rate was analyzed. RESULTS In the tumor tissue and colonic epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer, the positive expression rates of CXCR4 were respectively 61.2% (30/49) and 8.16% (4/49), while those of CD133 being 36.7% (18/49) and 6.12% (3/49). CXCR4 and CD133 expression in tumor tissue was not related to patient age, gender, primary focal sites, tumor size, TNM staging, histological type, tumor infiltration depth and presence or absence of lymphatic metastasis, but CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was associated with TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis. The 3-year survival rate of patients with CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was 27.3% (3/11), and that of the remainderwas 76.3% (29/38), the difference being significant (χ2=7.0206, p=0.0081). CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression may be a risk factor for poor prognosis of patients with stage II~III colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Comprehensive Medical Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, China E-mail :
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68
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Genetic Polymorphism and Expression of CXCR4 in Breast Cancer. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:289510. [PMID: 26576337 PMCID: PMC4630341 DOI: 10.1155/2015/289510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 genetic polymorphisms, as well as their expression level, have been associated with cancer development and prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of CXCR4 rs2228014 polymorphism on its mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer samples. It was observed that patients presented higher CXCR4 mRNA relative expression (5.7-fold) than normal mammary gland, but this expression was not correlated with patients clinicopathological features (nuclear grade, nodal status, ER status, PR status, p53 staining, Ki67 index, and HER-2 status). Moreover, CXCR4 mRNA relative expression also did not differ regarding the presence or absence of T allele (p = 0.301). In the immunohistochemical assay, no difference was observed for CXCR4 cytoplasmic protein staining in relation to different genotypes (p = 0.757); however, high cytoplasmic CXCR4 staining was verified in invasive breast carcinoma (p < 0.01). All in all, the results from present study indicated that rs2228014 genetic variant does not alter CXCR4 mRNA or protein expression. However, this receptor was more expressed in tumor compared to normal tissue, in both RNA and protein levels, suggesting its promising applicability in the general context of mammary carcinogenesis.
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69
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Dittmer J. The role of the transcription factor Ets1 in carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:20-38. [PMID: 26392377 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ets1 belongs to the large family of the ETS domain family of transcription factors and is involved in cancer progression. In most carcinomas, Ets1 expression is linked to poor survival. In breast cancer, Ets1 is primarily expressed in the triple-negative subtype, which is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Ets1 contributes to the acquisition of cancer cell invasiveness, to EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), to the development of drug resistance and neo-angiogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the functions of Ets1 in carcinoma progression and on the mechanisms that regulate Ets1 activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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70
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Soysal SD, Tzankov A, Muenst SE. Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Pathobiology 2015; 82:142-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000430499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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71
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Xu C, Zhao H, Chen H, Yao Q. CXCR4 in breast cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4953-64. [PMID: 26356032 PMCID: PMC4560524 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are 8–12 kDa peptides that function as chemoattractant cytokines and are involved in cell activation, differentiation, and trafficking. Chemokines bind to specific G-protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane receptors. Chemokines play a fundamental role in the regulation of a variety of cellular, physiological, and developmental processes. Their aberrant expression can lead to a variety of human diseases including cancer. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or CD184, is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1 also called CXCL12). CXCR4 belongs to the superfamily of the seven transmembrane domain heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors and is functionally expressed on the cell surface of various types of cancer cells. CXCR4 also plays a role in the cell proliferation and migration of these cells. Recently, CXCR4 has been reported to play an important role in cell survival, proliferation, migration, as well as metastasis of several cancers including breast cancer. This review is mainly focused on the current knowledge of the oncogenic role and potential drugs that target CXCR4 in breast cancer. Additionally, CXCR4 proangiogenic molecular mechanisms will be reviewed. Strict biunivocal binding affinity and activation of CXCR4/CXCL12 complex make CXCR4 a unique molecular target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Chen
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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72
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Zhang C, Li J, Han Y, Jiang J. A meta-analysis for CXCR4 as a prognostic marker and potential drug target in non-small cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3267-78. [PMID: 26150700 PMCID: PMC4484670 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent reports have shown that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a candidate oncogene in several types of human tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains controversial and has not been emphasized. The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the association of CXCR4 expression with the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopathological characteristics by performing a meta-analysis. Methods A detailed literature search was carried out for related research publications. Only articles in which CXCR4 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining were included. Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and summarized. Results Final analysis of 1,872 NSCLC patients from 19 eligible studies was performed. We observed that CXCR4 expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue, based on the pooled OR from ten studies, including 678 NSCLCs and 189 normal lung tissues (OR =16.66, 95% CI =6.94–40.02, P<0.00001). CXCR4 expression was also significantly associated with clinical stages, metastatic status, and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. In addition, CXCR4 mRNA high expression was found to correlate with worse OS of all NSCLC patients followed for 20 years, HR =1.24, P=0.0047. Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicated that CXCR4 protein expression is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC patients. The aberrant CXCR4 protein and mRNA expression play an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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73
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Krieg A, Riemer JC, Telan LA, Gabbert HE, Knoefel WT. CXCR4--A Prognostic and Clinicopathological Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130192. [PMID: 26091099 PMCID: PMC4474597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic duct (PDAC) are characteristically aggressive tumors that are extremely challenging to treat as curative surgical resection, the definitive treatment, is seldom possible. Regretably, most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease at the time of initial presentation. In addition, current chemotherapeutic concepts that are used for advanced disease stages show frustrating results. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic molecular targets that are associated with PDAC disease. Recently, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in metastatic PDAC. However, the results of the published data on CXCR4 and its association with clinicopathological variables and prognosis in PDAC seem to be heterogeneous. Consequently, to clarify the relevance of CXCR4 as a biomarker in PDAC we performed a comprehensive literature search by using PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify articles that focused on the expression of CXCR4 in PDAC by using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, data from nine relevant studies, encompassing 1183 patients were extracted, qualitatively assessed, and entered into a meta-analysis. By using a random effects model, the pooled hazard ratio of the seven studies that reported on patients overall survival revealed a correlation between expression of CXCR4 and poor prognosis (HR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04-2.14; P = 0.03; I2 = 74%). Although heterogeneity became evident, subgroup analyses confirmed the prognostic value of CXCR4 in PDAC, especially in high-quality studies that performed multivariate analysis. In addition, meta-analysis revealed a strong association of CXCR4 expression with the UICC stage (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.67-6.92; P = 0.0007; I2 = 0%) and metastatic disease (N-status: OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.56-4.15; P = 0.0002; I2 = 26%; recurrence to the liver: OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.48-5.29; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%). Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that CXCR4 represents a useful prognostic biomarker in PDAC and might therefore be evaluated as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of metastatic cancer disease of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jasmin C. Riemer
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Leila A. Telan
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut E. Gabbert
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Nakase I, Kobayashi NB, Takatani-Nakase T, Yoshida T. Active macropinocytosis induction by stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor and oncogenic Ras expression potentiates cellular uptake efficacy of exosomes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10300. [PMID: 26036864 PMCID: PMC4453128 DOI: 10.1038/srep10300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are approximately 100-nm vesicles that consist of a lipid bilayer of cellular membranes secreted in large quantities from various types of normal and disease-related cells. Endocytosis has been reported as a major pathway for the cellular uptake of exosomes; however, the detailed mechanisms of their cellular uptake are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate the active induction of macropinocytosis (accompanied by actin reorganisation, ruffling of plasma membrane, and engulfment of large volumes of extracellular fluid) by stimulation of cancer-related receptors and show that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor significantly enhances the cellular uptake of exosomes. We also demonstrate that oncogenic K-Ras-expressing MIA PaCa-2 cells exhibit intensive macropinocytosis that actively transports extracellular exosomes into the cells compared with wild-type K-Ras-expressing BxPC-3 cells. Furthermore, encapsulation of the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin with EGF in exosomes using our simple electroporation method produces superior cytotoxicity via the enhanced cellular uptake of exosomes. Our findings contribute to the biological, pharmaceutical, and medical research fields in terms of understanding the macropinocytosis-mediated cellular uptake of exosomes with applications for exosomal delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuhiko Nakase
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Nahoko Bailey Kobayashi
- 1] Keio Advanced Research Centers (KARC), Keio University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan [2] Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takatani-Nakase
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yoshida
- 1] Keio Advanced Research Centers (KARC), Keio University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan [2] Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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Liu Q, Wang X, Lv M, Mu D, Wang L, Zuo W, Yu Z. Effects of the ninein-like protein centrosomal protein on breast cancer cell invasion and migration. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1659-64. [PMID: 25901761 PMCID: PMC4464297 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of the centrosomal protein, ninein-like protein (Nlp), on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the present study established green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing MCF7 plasmids with steady and overexpression of Nlp (MCG7-GFP-N1p) and blank plasmids (MCF7-GFP) using lentiviral transfection technology in MCF7 the breast cancer cell line. The expression of Nlp was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blott analysis. Differences in levels of proliferation, invasion and metastasis between the MCF7-GFP-Nlp group and MCF-GFP group were compared using MTT, plate colony formation and Transwell migration assays. The cell growth was more rapid and the colony forming rate was markedly increased in the MCF7-GFP-Nlp group (P<0.05) compared with the MCF7-GFP group. The number of cells in the MCF-GFP-Nlp and MCF7-GFP groups transferred across membranes were 878±18.22 and 398±8.02, respectively, in the migration assay. The invasive capacity was significantly increased in the MCF7-GFP-Nlp group (P<0.05) compared with the MCF7-GFP group. The western blotting results demonstrated high expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 in the MCF7-GFP-Nlp group. The increased expression of Nlp was associated with an increase in MCF7 cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, which indicated that Nlp promoted breast tumorigenesis and may be used as a potent biological index to predict breast cancer metastasis and develop therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of II, Shandong Breast Center of Prevention and Treatment, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhao Wang
- Department of II, Shandong Breast Center of Prevention and Treatment, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Minlin Lv
- Clinical Laboratory, Haiyang People's Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 265100, P.R. China
| | - Dianbin Mu
- Department of II, Shandong Breast Center of Prevention and Treatment, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of II, Shandong Breast Center of Prevention and Treatment, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Wensu Zuo
- Department of II, Shandong Breast Center of Prevention and Treatment, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Department of II, Shandong Breast Center of Prevention and Treatment, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Liang JX, Gao W, Liang Y, Zhou XM. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression and lung cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5163-5174. [PMID: 26131090 PMCID: PMC4483894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an important role in several biological processes, such as trafficking and homeostasis of immune cells (like T lymphocytes), alteration of cell skeleton rearrangement and cell migration. To investigate whether the CXCR4 protein impacts on lung cancer prognosis, a meta-analysis was performed. Our meta-analysis study involved 2,037 lung cancer patients from 24 studies by a comprehensive search from PubMed, Embase and CNKI databases up to September 2014. Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the relationship. We found that the CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.79, 95% CI: 2.15-6.68), distant metastasis (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.84-7.32), tumor stage (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.77-4.39) and overall survival (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.16-2.30). In conclusion, CXCR4 might be a new prognostic biomarker, and it might become a new diagnosis and therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou University Medical School Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ming Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Rasheed SAK, Teo CR, Beillard EJ, Voorhoeve PM, Zhou W, Ghosh S, Casey PJ. MicroRNA-31 controls G protein alpha-13 (GNA13) expression and cell invasion in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:67. [PMID: 25889182 PMCID: PMC4379695 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gα13 (GNA13) is the α subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein that mediates signaling through specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Our recent study showed that control of GNA13 expression by specific microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) is important for prostate cancer cell invasion. However, little is known about the control of GNA13 expression in breast cancers. This project was carried out to determine (i) whether enhanced GNA13 expression is important for breast cancer cell invasion, and (ii) if so, the mechanism of deregulation of GNA13 expression in breast cancers. METHODS To determine the probable miRNAs regulating GNA13, online miRNA target prediction tool Targetscan and Luciferase assays with GNA13-3'-UTR were used. Effect of miRNAs on GNA13 mRNA, protein and invasion was studied using RT-PCR, western blotting and in vitro Boyden chamber assay respectively. Cell proliferation was done using MTT assays. RESULTS Overexpression of GNA13 in MCF-10a cells induced invasion, whereas knockdown of GNA13 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited invasion. Expression analysis of miRNAs predicted to bind the 3'-UTR of GNA13 revealed that miR-31 exhibited an inverse correlation to GNA13 protein expression in breast cancer cells. Ectopic expression of miR-31 in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced GNA13 mRNA and protein levels, as well as GNA13-3'-UTR-reporter activity. Conversely, blocking miR-31 activity in MCF-10a cells induced GNA13 mRNA, protein and 3'-UTR reporter activity. Further, expression of miR-31 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell invasion, and this effect was partly rescued by ectopic expression of GNA13 in these cells. Examination of 48 human breast cancer tissues revealed that GNA13 mRNA levels were inversely correlated to miR-31 levels. CONCLUSIONS These data provide strong evidence that GNA13 expression in breast cancer cells is regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms involving miR-31. Additionally our data shows that miR-31 regulates breast cancer cell invasion partially via targeting GNA13 expression in breast cancer cells. Loss of miR-31 expression and increased GNA13 expression could be used as biomarkers of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmed Kabeer Rasheed
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Cui Rong Teo
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Emmanuel Jean Beillard
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - P Mathijs Voorhoeve
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Centre for Computational Biology & Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Patrick J Casey
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
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ANGPTL2 increases bone metastasis of breast cancer cells through enhancing CXCR4 signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9170. [PMID: 25773070 PMCID: PMC4360633 DOI: 10.1038/srep09170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis of breast cancer cells is a major concern, as it causes increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Bone tissue-derived CXCL12 preferentially recruits breast cancer cells expressing CXCR4 to bone metastatic sites. Thus, understanding how CXCR4 expression is regulated in breast cancer cells could suggest approaches to decrease bone metastasis of breast tumor cells. Here, we show that tumor cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) increases responsiveness of breast cancer cells to CXCL12 by promoting up-regulation of CXCR4 in those cells. In addition, we used a xenograft mouse model established by intracardiac injection of tumor cells to show that ANGPTL2 knockdown in breast cancer cells attenuates tumor cell responsiveness to CXCL12 by decreasing CXCR4 expression in those cells, thereby decreasing bone metastasis. Finally, we found that ANGPTL2 and CXCR4 expression levels within primary tumor tissues from breast cancer patients are positively correlated. We conclude that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 may increase bone metastasis by enhancing breast tumor cell responsiveness to CXCL12 signaling through up-regulation of tumor cell CXCR4 expression. These findings may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to treat metastatic breast cancer.
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Zhou XM, He L, Hou G, Jiang B, Wang YH, Zhao L. Clinicopathological significance of CXCR4 in non-small cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1349-58. [PMID: 25834393 PMCID: PMC4357617 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a candidate oncogene in several types of human tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association of CXCR4 expression with the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopatho-logical characteristics. Methods A detailed literature search was made from Medline and Web of Science for related research publications written in English and Chinese. The methodological quality of the studies was also evaluated. Analyses of pooled data were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were calculated and summarized. Results The final analysis of 1,446 NSCLC patients from 13 eligible studies was performed. We observed that CXCR4 expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue from the pooled OR from five studies including 380 NSCLC and 118 normal lung tissue (OR=12.86, 95% confidence interval =3.63–45.59, P<0.0001). CXCR4 expression was not associated with smoking status and type of pathology. However, CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with clinical stages, metastatic status, and overall survival in NSCLC patients. Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that CXCR4 expression is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC patients. The aberrant CXCR4 expression plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-He Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Screening for candidate genes related to breast cancer with cDNA microarray analysis. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2015; 1:65-72. [PMID: 29062989 PMCID: PMC5643563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to reveal the exact changes during the occurrence of breast cancer to explore significant new and promising genes or factors related to this disease. Methods We compared the gene expression profiles of breast cancer tissues with its uninvolved normal breast tissues as controls using the cDNA microarray analysis in seven breast cancer patients. Further, one representative gene, named IFI30, was quantitatively analyzed by real-time PCR to confirm the result of the cDNA microarray analysis. Results A total of 427 genes were identified with significantly differential expression, 221 genes were up-regulated and 206 genes were down-regulated. And the result of cDNA microarray analysis was validated by detection of IFI30 mRNA level changes by real-time PCR. Genes for cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell division, mitosis, apoptosis, and immune response were enriched in the up-regulated genes, while genes for cell adhesion, proteolysis, and transport were significantly enriched in the down-regulated genes in breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast tissues by a gene ontology analysis. Conclusion Our present study revealed a range of differentially expressed genes between breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues, and provide candidate genes for further study focusing on the pathogenesis and new biomarkers for breast cancer.
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81
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Yang Y, Xing Y, Liang C, Hu L, Xu F, Chen Y. Crucial microRNAs and genes of human primary breast cancer explored by microRNA-mRNA integrated analysis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5571-9. [PMID: 25680412 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen potential microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes related to human primary breast cancer. The gene and miRNA expression profile data of GSE19783 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. The matched messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA expression profiles of 100 human primary breast cancer samples were chosen for further analysis. The miRNA-gene regulatory modules were screened via iterative multiplicative updating algorithm. The potential functions of genes in modules were predicted by functional and pathway enrichment analysis; meanwhile, the potential functions of miRNAs were predicted by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, miRNA-miRNA functional synergistic network and miRNA-miRNA co-regulatory network were constructed. Totally, 16 miRNA-gene modules were screened, containing 222 miRNA-gene interactions. The genes in these modules were mainly related to breast cancer. Genes in module 6 (e.g., SFRP1) were enriched in cell junction assembly; genes in module 8 and 12 (e.g., ESR1 and ERBB4) were significantly implicated in mammary gland alveolus and lobule development. Meanwhile, genes in module 12 (e.g., ERBB4) were enriched in the pathway of endocytosis. Besides, several miRNAs (e.g., miR-375) were enriched in inflammatory cell apoptotic process; some other miRNAs (e.g., miR-139-5p and miR-9) were enriched in response to vitamin D. Additionally, miR-139-5p with several other miRNAs (e.g., miR-9) co-regulated SFRP1; miR-375, miR-592, and miR-135a co-regulated ESR1 and ERBB4. Some miRNAs (e.g., miR-139-5p and miR-9) and their target gene SFRP1, as well as several other miRNAs (e.g., miR-375, miR-592, and miR-135a) and their target genes (e.g., ESR1 and ERBB4), might be crucial in the pathogenesis of primary breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Banwait R, Aljawai Y, Cappuccio J, McDiarmid S, Morgan EA, Leblebjian H, Roccaro AM, Laubach J, Castillo JJ, Paba-Prada C, Treon S, Redd R, Weller E, Ghobrial IM. Extramedullary Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:100-4. [PMID: 25349134 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Disease assessment in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is dependent on the percent involvement of B-cell neoplasm in the bone marrow and IgM paraprotein in the serum. A subset of patients also demonstrates extramedullary involvement, which is infrequently examined. The role of extramedullary involvement in the diagnosis and prognosis of WM is poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to report the characteristics of WM patients with extramedullary disease (EMD). Nine hundred and eight-five patients with WM were evaluated at one academic center and the presence of EMD was assessed in these patients. Forty-three (4.4%) patients were identified to have EMD. Nine (21%) patients presented with involvement at WM diagnosis, while 34 (79%) developed EMD post-therapy for WM. Most frequent EMD sites involved were pulmonary (30%), soft tissue (21%), cerebrospinal fluid (23%), renal (8%), and bone (9%). The median overall survival at 10 years was 79% (95% CI: 57-90%). This is the first study to describe the clinical characteristics, response and overall survival in patients with extramedullary WM. Further studies to define the molecular characteristics of this entity and mechanisms of its development are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Banwait
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tchafa AM, Ta M, Reginato MJ, Shieh AC. EMT Transition Alters Interstitial Fluid Flow-Induced Signaling in ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:755-64. [PMID: 25566992 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A variety of biophysical forces are altered in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and these forces can influence cancer progression. One such force is interstitial fluid flow (IFF)-the movement of fluid through the tissue matrix. IFF was previously shown to induce invasion of cancer cells, but the activated signaling cascades remain poorly understood. Here, it is demonstrated that IFF induces invasion of ERBB2/HER2-expressing breast cancer cells via activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). In constitutively activate ERBB2-expressing cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), IFF-mediated invasion requires the chemokine receptor CXCR4, a gradient of its ligand CXCL12, and activity of the PI3K catalytic subunits p110α and β. In wild-type ERBB2-expressing cells, IFF-mediated invasion is chemokine receptor-independent and requires only p110α activation. To test whether cells undergoing EMT alter their signaling response to IFF, TGFβ1 was used to induce EMT in wild-type ERBB2-expressing cells, resulting in IFF-induced invasion dependent on CXCR4 and p110β. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies a novel signaling mechanism for interstitial flow-induced invasion of ERBB2-expressing breast cancer cells, one that depends on EMT and acts through a CXCR4-PI3K pathway. These findings suggest that the response of cancer cells to interstitial flow depends on EMT status and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimatou M Tchafa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mi Ta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Adrian C Shieh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Xu YY, Zhang YY, Lu WF, Mi YJ, Chen YQ. Prognostic value of osteopontin expression in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:357-362. [PMID: 25798267 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated in tumor development and progression over the last few years. However, the prognostic value of OPN overexpression in patients with breast cancer remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association of OPN expression in the tumor with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of breast cancer patients. A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria and were entered in the meta-analysis. The data analysis demonstrated that OPN expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis [pooled odds ratio = 2.026, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.199-3.425, P=0.008, random-effects model]. We also found that OPN expression was positively associated with overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 3. 69, 95% CI: 1. 45-9.42, P=0.000, random-effects model) and disease -free survival (pooled HR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.27-4.55, P=0.007, fix ed -effects model). Based on the results of this study, we concluded that OPN overexpression in the tumor is a candidate positive prognostic biomarker for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Ya-Ya Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Wei-Feng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Mi
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Yu-Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
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Zhao S, Wang J, Qin C. Blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression and metastasis via inactivation of canonical Wnt pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:103. [PMID: 25471741 PMCID: PMC4265318 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is the second most frequent primary malignant liver tumor following hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a highly fatal disease and has few therapeutics. The CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12)/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis has been shown to be involved in tumorgenesis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in a variety of cancers including IHCC. However, its prognostic significance in IHCC is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional role of CXCR4 in the progression and metastasis of IHCC and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods The CXCR4 expression, overall survival, and the clinical characteristics including age, sex, differentiation degree, tumor size, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and T stage were analyzed for 122 IHCC patients. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against CXCR4 was used to disrupt the CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction pathways in IHCC cell lines. In vitro assays, including CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and colony formation assay, and in vivo tumor formation assay were utilized to detect the cell phenotype of CXCR4 knockdown cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to examine the IHCC cell invasion and migration ability. The Wnt pathway was assessed by Western blot and β-Catenin/Tcf transcription reporter assay. Results We demonstrated that CXCR4 expression was closely correlated with IHCC progression and metastasis characteristics. The overall survival of patients with high CXCR4 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with low CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, we showed that the abrogation of CXCR4 had significantly negative influence on the IHCC cell phenotype, including in vitro cell proliferation, cell cycle, colony formation, cell invasion, and in vivo tumorigenicity. In addition, CXCR4 knockdown downregulated Wnt target genes and mesenchymal markers such as Vimentin and Slug. Conclusions In conclusion, our result shows that high CXCR4 expression is associated with IHCC progression and metastasis via the canonical Wnt pathway, suggesting that CXCR4 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for IHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Curcumin inhibits breast cancer stem cell migration by amplifying the E-cadherin/β-catenin negative feedback loop. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:116. [PMID: 25315241 PMCID: PMC4445824 DOI: 10.1186/scrt506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with tumor initiation, therapy resistance, tumor relapse, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Curcumin, a plant ployphenol, has several anti-tumor effects and has been shown to target CSCs. Here, we aimed at evaluating (i) the mechanisms underlying the aggravated migration potential of breast CSCs (bCSCs) and (ii) the effects of curcumin in modulating the same. METHODS The migratory behavior of MCF-7 bCSCs was assessed by using cell adhesion, spreading, transwell migration, and three-dimensional invasion assays. Stem cell characteristics were studied by using flow cytometry. The effects of curcumin on bCSCs were deciphered by cell viability assay, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing. Evaluations of samples of patients with breast cancer were performed by using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS Here, we report that bCSCs are endowed with aggravated migration property due to the inherent suppression of the tumor suppressor, E-cadherin, which is restored by curcumin. A search for the underlying mechanism revealed that, in bCSCs, higher nuclear translocation of beta-catenin (i) decreases E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex formation and membrane retention of beta-catenin, (ii) upregulates the expression of its epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-promoting target genes (including Slug), and thereby (iii) downregulates E-cadherin transcription to subsequently promote EMT and migration of these bCSCs. In contrast, curcumin inhibits beta-catenin nuclear translocation, thus impeding trans-activation of Slug. As a consequence, E-cadherin expression is restored, thereby increasing E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex formation and cytosolic retention of more beta-catenin to finally suppress EMT and migration of bCSCs. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, our findings disclose that curcumin inhibits bCSC migration by amplifying E-cadherin/beta-catenin negative feedback loop.
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