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A mass spectrometry-based plasma protein panel targeting the tumor microenvironment in patients with breast cancer. J Proteomics 2013; 81:135-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Scheffler M, Zander T, Nogova L, Kobe C, Kahraman D, Dietlein M, Papachristou I, Heukamp L, Büttner R, Boellaard R, Lammertsma AA, Querings S, Stoelben E, Engel-Riedel W, Neumaier B, Wolf J. Prognostic impact of [18F]fluorothymidine and [18F]fluoro-D-glucose baseline uptakes in patients with lung cancer treated first-line with erlotinib. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53081. [PMID: 23308140 PMCID: PMC3537767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluoro-L-thymidine (FLT) and 2′-deoxy-2′-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) are used to visualize proliferative and metabolic activity of tumors. In this study we aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of FLT and FDG uptake measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prior to systemic therapy with erlotinib. FLT and FDG maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) values per patient were analyzed in 40 chemotherapy naive patients with advanced NSCLC (stage IV) before treatment with erlotinib. Prior therapy median SUVmax was 6.6 for FDG and 3.0 for FLT, respectively. In univariate analysis, patients with an FDG SUVmax <6.6 had a significantly better overall survival (16.3 months [95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1–25.4 months]) compared to patients with an FDG SUVmax ≥6.6 (3.1 months [95% CI 0.6–5.5 months]) (p<0.001, log rank). Similarly, low FLT uptake (SUVmax <3.0) was associated with significantly longer survival (10.3 months (0–23.3 months, 95% CI) compared to high FLT uptake (3.4 months (0–8.1 months, 95% CI) (p = 0.027). The independent prognostic value of baseline FDG uptake was demonstrated in multivariate analysis (p = 0.05, Cox regression). These data suggest that baseline SUVmax values for both FDG and FLT PET might be further developed as markers for prognostic stratification of patients in advanced NSCLC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scheffler
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Nogova
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Kahraman
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Dietlein
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irini Papachristou
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ron Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Querings
- Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erich Stoelben
- Lung Clinic Merheim, Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Neumaier
- Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lu CH, Lin ST, Chou HC, Lee YR, Chan HL. Proteomic analysis of retinopathy-related plasma biomarkers in diabetic patients. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 529:146-56. [PMID: 23220024 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy occurs in approximately 25% of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes; the disease can cause poor vision and even blindness because high glucose levels weaken retinal capillaries, causing leakage of blood into surrounding areas. We adopted a proteomics-based approach using 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS to compare the differential plasma proteome between diabetic retinopathy with significant retinopathy occurrence within 5years after diagnosis of diabetes, and diabetic non-retinopathy without diagnosed retinopathy for more than 10years after diagnosis of diabetes. We identified 77 plasma proteins, which represent 28 unique gene products. These proteins mainly have inflammatory response and coagulation roles. Our approach identified several potential diabetic retinopathy biomarkers including afamin and the protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5, which may be associated with the progression and development of diabetes. In conclusion, we report a comprehensive patient-based plasma proteomic approach to the identification of potential plasma biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy screening and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Jakobsen JN, Sørensen JB. Clinical impact of ki-67 labeling index in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012; 79:1-7. [PMID: 23137549 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ki-67 index is a marker of proliferation in malignant tumors. Studies from the period 2000 to 2012 on the prognostic and predictive value of ki-67 labeling index (LI) in non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) are reviewed. Twenty-eight studies reported on the prognostic value of ki-67 index with various endpoints. No consensus on the prognostic value of ki-67 LI was found among the published studies neither according to disease stage nor histological subtype. Comparison of studies is hampered by differences in patient populations, methodologies and cut-off values. Five studies explored the predictive value of ki-67 to chemotherapy and none revealed significant influence. Ki-67 index seems to be of prognostic influence in NSCLC although largely variable cut-off levels have been used in the various studies and standardization of methodology is required. The relative importance of ki-67 compared to newer biomarkers has not been explored. It is likely that a signature of several biomarkers in combination may be necessary to more sufficiently stratify patients to various treatment options than is currently possible, especially when it comes to the question of the optimal use of classical chemotherapy. A predictive impact of ki-67 to treatment in NSCLC remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nyrop Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Finsencentre, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sofocleous CT, Garg S, Petrovic LM, Gonen M, Petre EN, Klimstra DS, Solomon SB, Brown KT, Brody LA, Covey AM, Dematteo RP, Schwartz L, Kemeny NE. Ki-67 is a prognostic biomarker of survival after radiofrequency ablation of liver malignancies. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19:4262-9. [PMID: 22752375 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the predictive value of examinations of tissue adherent to multitined electrodes on local tumor progression-free survival (LPFS) and overall survival (OS) after liver tumor radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS An institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant review identified 68 liver tumors treated with RFA in 63 patients with at least 3 years' follow-up. Tissue adherent to the electrode after liver tumor RFA was evaluated with proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. LPFS and OS were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methodology and the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis assessed the effect of tumor size, pathology, and post-RFA tissue characteristics on LPFS and OS. RESULTS Post-RFA tissue examination classified 55 of the 68 tumors as completely ablated with coagulation necrosis, with cells positive for caspase-3 and negative for Ki-67 (CN). Thirteen had viable Ki-67-positive tumor cells. Mean liver tumor size was larger in the viable (V) group versus the CN group (3.4 vs. 2.5 cm, respectively; P = .017). For the V and CN groups, respectively, local tumor progression occurred in 12 (92 %) of 13 and 23 (42 %) of 55 specimens. One, 3-, and 5-year LPFS was 8 %, 8 %, and 8 %, and 79 %, 47 %, and 47 % (P < .001) for the V and CN groups, respectively. During a 63-month median follow-up, 92 % of patients in the V group and 58 % in the CN group died, resulting in 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of 92 %, 25 %, and 8 % vs. 92 %, 59 %, and 33 % (P = .032), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ki-67-positive tumor cells on the electrode after liver tumor RFA is an independent predictor of LPFS and OS. Size, initially thought to be an independent risk factor for local tumor progression in tumors 3-5 cm, does not hold its significance at long follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos T Sofocleous
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Knockdown of ZNF403 inhibits cell proliferation and induces G2/M arrest by modulating cell-cycle mediators. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:211-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lin CP, Chen YW, Liu WH, Chou HC, Chang YP, Lin ST, Li JM, Jian SF, Lee YR, Chan HL. Proteomic identification of plasma biomarkers in uterine leiomyoma. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 8:1136-45. [PMID: 22193648 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent progresses in quantitative proteomics have offered opportunities to discover plasma proteins as biomarkers for tracking the progression and for understanding the molecular mechanisms of uterine leiomyomas. In the present study, plasma samples were analyzed by fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In total, 20 proteins have been firmly identified representing 13 unique gene products. These proteins mainly functioned in transportation (such as apolipoprotein A-I) and coagulation (such as fibrinogen gamma chain). Additionally, our quantitative proteomic approach has identified numerous previous reported plasma markers of uterine leiomyomas such as alpha-1-antitrypsin. On the contrary, we have presented several putative uterine leiomyomas biomarkers including afamin, apolipoprotein A-I, carbonic anhydrase 1, fibrinogen beta chain, fibrinogen gamma chain, gelsolin, hemopexin, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, serotransferrin and vitamin D-binding protein which have not been reported and may be associated with the progression and development of the disease. In summary, we report a comprehensive patient-based proteomic approach for the identification of potential plasma biomarkers for uterine leiomyomas. The potential of utilizing these markers for screening and treating uterine leiomyomas warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Po Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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58
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Qazi AS, Sun M, Huang Y, Wei Y, Tang J. Subcellular proteomics: Determination of specific location and expression levels of lymphatic metastasis associated proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma by subcellular fractionation. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:407-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Nanguzgambo AB, Razack R, Louw M, Bolliger CT. Immunochemistry and lung cancer: application in diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Oncology 2011; 80:247-56. [PMID: 21734416 DOI: 10.1159/000329064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunochemistry is now an established ancillary technique in lung cancer diagnosis. Not only does it help in supporting the morphological diagnosis of malignancy, but its role now extends to the determination of cell lineage, ascertaining the primary site of tumour origin and contributing to decisions on prognosis and treatment. Early detection and confirmation of lung cancer facilitate early treatment decisions. Lung cancer management now has a multidisciplinary approach which includes cytopathologists and clinicians. Some clinicians may not understand what immunochemistry is and what its role is in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The purpose of this paper is to define immunochemistry, on the background of basic respiratory airway epithelial structure and cancer biology, and discuss its application in the diagnosis, treatment and determination of prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldoph B Nanguzgambo
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Wang J, Betancourt AM, Mobley JA, Lamartiniere CA. Proteomic discovery of genistein action in the rat mammary gland. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1621-31. [PMID: 21254785 DOI: 10.1021/pr100974w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, the primary isoflavone component of soy, consumed in diet during the prepubertal period suppresses chemically induced mammary cancer in rats. The current study used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)/MS-based proteomic technology to identify proteins responsible for genistein breast cancer protection In Vivo. Female offspring were exposed via lactating dams treated with 250 mg genistein/kg AIN-76A diet from days 1 to 21 postpartum (prepubertal period). Mammary glands were collected at 21 and 50 day of age and subjected to 2-DE/MS and immuno-blot analyses. Twenty-three proteins were determined to be differentially regulated (p < 0.05) and identified using 2-DE, followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF or LC-ESI-MS/MS. Five of these proteins were validated by immuno-blots. Annexin A2 was significantly increased at 21 days yet found to be decreased at 50 days. Fetuin B was found to be unchanged at day 21 but increased at day 50. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) was unchanged at day 21 but decreased at day 50. Gelsolin was increased at day 21 but not at day 50. Protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) was decreased at day 21 and unchanged at day 50. Also, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) were decreased in mammary glands of 50-day-old rats treated prepubertally with genistein. This study demonstrates the usefulness of proteomics for the discovery of key proteins involved in signaling pathways to understand genistein mechanisms of action in breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States.
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61
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Overexpression of gelsolin in human cervical carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 120:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Correlation of Ki-67 and MCM-2 proliferative marker expression with grade of histological malignancy (G) in ductal breast cancers. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 48:442-6. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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63
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Kikuchi J, Kinoshita I, Shimizu Y, Kikuchi E, Takeda K, Aburatani H, Oizumi S, Konishi J, Kaga K, Matsuno Y, Birrer MJ, Nishimura M, Dosaka-Akita H. Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein 4 as a marker for proliferation and its clinical and clinicopathological significance in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2010; 72:229-37. [PMID: 20884074 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins 2-7 form a complex essential for the initiation of DNA replication. In the process to screen expression changes related to growth suppression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by a cJun dominant-negative mutant, we found that reduced expression of MCM4 was correlated with this growth suppression. METHOD We determined the relevance of MCM4 in proliferation of NSCLC by downregulating its expression with small-interfering RNA in three NSCLC cell lines. We then immunohistochemically analyzed MCM4 expression in 156 surgically resected NSCLCs to correlate clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS MCM4 downregulation reduced proliferation in two cell lines. MCM4 expression was higher in cancer cells than in adjacent normal bronchial epithelial cells (p<0.001). High MCM4 expression was correlated with male gender, heavy smoking, poorer differentiation and non-adenocarcinoma histology (p<0.001, respectively). High MCM4 expression was also correlated with proliferation markers, Ki-67 and cyclin E expression (p<0.001, respectively). MCM4 expression was not associated with survival. CONCLUSION MCM4 may play an essential role in the proliferation of some NSCLC cells. Taken together with higher expression in NSCLCs and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics such as non-adenocarcinoma histology, MCM4 may have potential as a therapeutic target in certain population with NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kikuchi
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Köhler CU, Kreuter A, Rozynkowski MC, Rahmel T, Uhl W, Tannapfel A, Schmidt WE, Meier JJ. Validation of different replication markers for the detection of beta-cell proliferation in human pancreatic tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 162:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Decreased numbers of progenitor cells but no response to antidepressant drugs in the hippocampus of elderly depressed patients. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58:940-9. [PMID: 20138063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Imaging studies have consistently documented hippocampal volume reductions in depression. Although depressive disorders are traditionally considered to have a neurochemical basis, recent studies suggest that impairments of structural plasticity contribute to the volume reductions and the related cognitive changes. This might result from repeated periods of stress that are a wellknown risk factor for depression. Adult neurogenesis is a prominent example of neuroplasticity that in rodents, is reduced by stress but stimulated by antidepressant drugs. Although reductions in neurogenesis have been proposed to contribute to the etiology of depression, only two studies have so far examined hippocampal cytogenesis in depression, but this was in a limited number of subjects with considerable interindividual variation, and these studies came to different conclusions. We therefore collected hippocampal tissue of 10 elderly control subject and 10 well-matched depressed patients that were highly comparable in terms of age, sex, pH-CSF and postmortem delay, and tested whether the numbers of MCM2-positive progenitors and PH3-positive proliferating cells were altered by depression or antidepressant treatment. A significant reduction was found in MCM2-, but not PH3-immunopositive cells in depression. Although this result is consistent with the concept that structural plasticity is decreased in depression, we could not confirm that antidepressant drugs had a stimulatory effect on these cells. This discrepancy may relate to anatomical differences, in medication, to neurogenesis-independent mechanisms of antidepressant action, or the age of the patients that was higher than in previous studies. Whether the reduction is a cause or consequence of depression awaits to be determined.
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Swords R, Mahalingam D, O’Dwyer M, Santocanale C, Kelly K, Carew J, Giles F. Cdc7 kinase – A new target for drug development. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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McCarthy S, Caporali A, Enkemann S, Scaltriti M, Eschrich S, Davalli P, Corti A, Lee A, Sung J, Yeatman TJ, Bettuzzi S. Green tea catechins suppress the DNA synthesis marker MCM7 in the TRAMP model of prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2009; 1:196-204. [PMID: 18521193 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea catechins (GTCs) exert chemopreventive effects in many cancer models. Several studies implicate the DNA synthesis marker minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) in prostate cancer progression, growth and invasion; representing a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the effect of GTCs on MCM7 expression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model (TRAMP). DNA microarray, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that GTCs significantly suppressed MCM7 in the TRAMP mice treated with GTCs. Our study indicates that the cellular DNA replication factor MCM7 is involved in prostate cancer (CaP) and MCM7 gene expression was reduced by GTCs. Together, these results suggest a possible role of GTCs in CaP chemoprevention in which MCM7 plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan McCarthy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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He Y, Rothnagel JA, Epis MR, Leedman PJ, Smith R. Downstream targets of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 mediate cell proliferation. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:167-79. [PMID: 18680105 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is regarded as an early marker for several cancers. This protein is associated with proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and has itself been described as a proto-oncogene. Our earlier experiments drew a connection between hnRNP A2/B1 levels and cell proliferation and raised the possibility that this protein contributes to the uncontrolled cell division that characterizes cancer. Limited knowledge of the downstream targets of hnRNP A2/B1 has, however, precluded a clear understanding of their roles in cancer cell growth. To define the pathways in which this protein acts we have now carried out microarray experiments with total RNA from Colo16 epithelial cells transfected with an shRNA that markedly suppresses hnRNP A2/B1 expression. The microarray data identified 123 genes, among 22 283 human gene probe sets, with altered expression levels in hnRNP A2/B1-depleted cells. Ontological analysis showed that many of these downstream targets are involved in regulation of the cell cycle and cell proliferation and that this group of proteins is significantly over-represented amongst the affected proteins. The changes detected in the microarray experiments were confirmed by real-time PCR for a subset of proliferation-related genes. Immunoprecipitation-RT-PCR demonstrated that hnRNP A2/B1 formed complexes with the transcripts of many of the verified downstream genes, suggesting that hnRNP A2/B1 contributes to the regulation of these genes. These results reinforce the conclusion that hnRNP A2/B1 is associated with cellular processes that affect the cell cycle and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu He
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Fujioka S, Shomori K, Nishihara K, Yamaga K, Nosaka K, Araki K, Haruki T, Taniguchi Y, Nakamura H, Ito H. Expression of minichromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7) in small lung adenocarcinomas (pT1): Prognostic implication. Lung Cancer 2009; 65:223-9. [PMID: 19144445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins, essential molecules in the initiation and elongation of DNA replication, have been considered to be good indicators of cell proliferation. We examined the expressions of MCM7 and Ki-67 in lung adenocarcinomas (ACs) with a diameter less than 3cm (pT1), to clarify their pathobiological significance. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to obtain labeling indices (LIs%) for MCM7, MCM2 and Ki-67 in 100 surgically removed pT1 ACs. The LIs were compared with clinicopathological profiles and overall survival rates. The mean LIs of MCM7 and Ki-67 were 20.2+/-15.2% and 13.7+/-11.2%, the value being higher in the former than in the latter (P<0.01). MCM7 LIs were significantly correlated with sex, histological grade, histological subtype, tumor size, LIs of Ki-67, MCM2 and P53 (P<0.05). LIs of MCM7 and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the 84 non-bronchioloalveolar carcinomas than in the 16 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with higher MCM7 LIs had poorer prognosis in the 100 pT1 ACs as well as in the 73 stage I ACs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that the LIs of MCM7, but not the LIs of MCM2 and Ki-67, was an independent prognostic marker in the 73 stage I ACs. These results suggest that MCM7 is an independent prognostic marker, being more reliable than MCM2 or Ki-67 in human pT1 ACs as well as in human stage I ACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Fujioka
- Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Sofocleous CT, Nascimento RG, Petrovic LM, Klimstra DS, Gonen M, Brown KT, Brody LA, Covey AM, Thornton RH, Fong Y, Solomon SB, Schwartz LH, DeMatteo RP, Getrajdman GI. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of tissue adherent to multitined electrodes after RF ablation of liver malignancies can help predict local tumor progression: initial results. Radiology 2008; 249:364-74. [PMID: 18796687 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2491071752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of tissue adherent to electrodes after radiofrequency (RF) ablation of liver malignancies can help predict local tumor progression (LTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board waiver and informed consent were obtained. Histologic and immunohistochemical examinations of tissue adherent to electrodes after RF ablation of liver malignancies were performed, with application of proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (caspase-3) markers. Clinical and technical information were prospectively collected for an HIPAA-registered database. Medical records and imaging were reviewed to determine LTP for treated tumors smaller than 5 cm in diameter. LTP-free and survival rates were assessed with Kaplan-Meier method; differences between groups assessed with permutation log-rank test. Multivariate analysis assessed with Cox regression for factors related to LTP. RESULTS Sixty-eight malignant tumors treated with RF ablation were identified. Fifty-five tissue specimens were classified as coagulation necrosis (CN), thermal artifact only, or tumor cells positive for caspase-3/negative for Ki-67; and 13 as viable tumor cells (Ki-67 positive). Mean tumor size was larger in viable (3.4 cm) than in CN (2.5 cm) group before treatment (P = .01). For viable and CN groups, LTP occurred in 12 (92%) of 13 and 16 (29%) of 55 specimens, respectively; 1-year LTP-free rates were 0% and 74%, respectively (P < .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that viable cells comprise independent risk factor for LTP (P < .001). The odds of LTP is six times greater in viable group compared with CN group for tumors 3-5 cm (hazard ratio: 5.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.4, 14.5) and 10 times greater for tumors smaller than 3 cm (hazard ratio: 10.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 57.5). Median survival was 32.7 months. CONCLUSION Evidence of Ki-67-positive tumor cells on the electrode after hepatic RF ablation is an independent predictor of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos T Sofocleous
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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71
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Nomura H, Uzawa K, Ishigami T, Kouzu Y, Koike H, Ogawara K, Siiba M, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Kubosawa H, Tanzawa H. Clinical significance of gelsolin-like actin-capping protein expression in oral carcinogenesis: an immunohistochemical study of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:39. [PMID: 18237446 PMCID: PMC2263057 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gelsolin-like actin-capping protein (CapG) is a ubiquitous gelsolin-family actin-modulating protein involved in cell signalling, receptor-mediated membrane ruffling, phagocytosis, and motility. CapG has generated great interest due to its oncogenic function in the control of cell migration or invasion in a variety of cancer cells. We previously applied proteomic methods to characterize differentially expressed proteins in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and detected significantly high expression levels of CapG in OSCC-derived cell lines compared to human normal oral keratinocytes. In the current study, to further determine the potential involvement of CapG in OSCC, we evaluated the status of CapG protein and mRNA expression in human oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and primary OSCCs and correlated the results with clinicopathologic variables. METHODS Matched normal and tumour tissue sections of 79 human primary OSCCs and 28 OPLs were analyzed for CapG expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlations between CapG-immunohistochemical staining scores of OSCCs and clinicopathologic features were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to estimate CapG expression at the mRNA level. RESULTS In IHC, substantial up-regulation of CapG protein was observed in primary OSCCs (52%) and OPLs (64%), whereas corresponding normal tissues showed consistently weak or absent immunoreactivity of CapG. qRT-PCR data were consistent with the protein expression status. Moreover, CapG expression was correlated with the TNM stage grading of OSCCs. CONCLUSION Our finding of frequent dysregulated expression of CapG in premalignant and malignant lesions together with an association with an advanced clinical disease stage suggests that CapG could contribute to cancer development and progression and that CapG may have potential as a biomarker and a therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nomura
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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72
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Duenas-Gonzalez A, Candelaria M, Perez-Plascencia C, Perez-Cardenas E, de la Cruz-Hernandez E, Herrera LA. Valproic acid as epigenetic cancer drug: preclinical, clinical and transcriptional effects on solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:206-22. [PMID: 18226465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among many anticancer drugs collectively named "targeted or molecular therapies" epigenetic drugs are clearly promising. Differently from other agents targeting a single gene product, epigenetic drugs have chromatin as their target through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) therefore, yet unspecific, they may act upon most or all tumor types, as deregulation of the methylation and deacetylation machinery are a common hallmark of neoplasia. In the last years, valproic acid (VPA) as emerged as a promising drug for cancer treatment. VPA has shown potent antitumor effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems, and encouraging results in early clinical trials either alone or in combination with demethylating and/or cytotoxic agents. In addition, whole genome expression by microarray analysis from the primary tumors of patients treated with VPA show significant up-regulation of hundred of genes belonging to multiple pathways including ribosomal proteins, oxidative phosphorylation, MAPK signaling; focal adhesion, cell cycle, antigen processing and presentation, proteasome, apoptosis, PI3K, Wnt signaling, calcium signaling, TGF-beta signaling, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis among others. Despite in general, industry is not particularly interested in funding the clinical development of VPA, -at least in comparison to novel HDAC inhibitors-, existing preclinical and preliminary clinical data strongly suggest that VPA could be a drug that eventually will be used in combination therapies, either with classical cytotoxics, other molecular-targeted drugs or radiation in a number of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB), Universidad Nacional Autonóma de Mexico (UNAM), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.
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73
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Hittelman WN, Liu DD, Kurie JM, Lotan R, Lee JS, Khuri F, Ibarguen H, Morice RC, Walsh G, Roth JA, Minna J, Ro JY, Broxson A, Hong WK, Lee JJ. Proliferative changes in the bronchial epithelium of former smokers treated with retinoids. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:1603-12. [PMID: 17971525 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djm205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoids have shown antiproliferative and chemopreventive activity. We analyzed data from a randomized, placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial to determine whether a 3-month treatment with either 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA) or 13-cis-RA and alpha-tocopherol reduced Ki-67, a proliferation biomarker, in the bronchial epithelium. METHODS Former smokers (n = 225) were randomly assigned to receive 3 months of daily oral 9-cis-RA (100 mg), 13-cis-RA (1 mg/kg) and alpha-tocopherol (1200 IU), or placebo. Bronchoscopic biopsy specimens obtained before and after treatment were immunohistochemically assessed for changes in the Ki-67 proliferative index (i.e., percentage of cells with Ki-67-positive nuclear staining) in the basal and parabasal layers of the bronchial epithelium. Per-subject and per-biopsy site analyses were conducted. Multicovariable analyses, including a mixed-effects model and a generalized estimating equations model, were used to investigate the treatment effect (Ki-67 labeling index and percentage of bronchial epithelial biopsy sites with a Ki-67 index > or = 5%) with adjustment for multiple covariates, such as smoking history and metaplasia. Coefficient estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from the models. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In per-subject analyses, Ki-67 labeling in the basal layer was not changed by any treatment; the percentage of subjects with a high Ki-67 labeling in the parabasal layer dropped statistically significantly after treatment with 13-cis-RA and alpha-tocopherol treatment (P = .04) compared with placebo, but the drop was not statistically significant after 9-cis-RA treatment (P = .17). A similar effect was observed in the parabasal layer in a per-site analysis; the percentage of sites with high Ki-67 labeling dropped statistically significantly after 9-cis-RA treatment (coefficient estimate = -0.72, 95% CI = -1.24 to -0.20; P = .007) compared with placebo, and after 13-cis-RA and alpha-tocopherol treatment (coefficient estimate = -0.66, 95% CI = -1.15 to -0.17; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS In per-subject analyses, treatment with 13-cis-RA and alpha-tocopherol, compared with placebo, was statistically significantly associated with reduced bronchial epithelial cell proliferation; treatment with 9-cis-RA was not. In per-site analyses, statistically significant associations were obtained with both treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter N Hittelman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Box 19, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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74
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Van den Abbeele A, De Corte V, Van Impe K, Bruyneel E, Boucherie C, Bracke M, Vandekerckhove J, Gettemans J. Downregulation of gelsolin family proteins counteracts cancer cell invasion in vitro. Cancer Lett 2007; 255:57-70. [PMID: 17493746 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin and CapG are both actin binding proteins that modulate a variety of physiological processes by interacting differently with the actin cytoskeleton. Several studies suggest that overexpression of these proteins promotes invasion in vitro. In this study we explored the contribution of these proteins in human cancer cell invasion and motility. We show that down regulation of CapG or gelsolin in several types of cancer cells, including MDA-MB 231 and PC-3 cells, significantly reduces the invasive and motile properties of cells, as well as cell aggregation. These results point to a role for CapG and gelsolin as tumor activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anske Van den Abbeele
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,VIB, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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