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Vázquez AM, Hernández AM, Macías A, Montero E, Gómez DE, Alonso DF, Gabri MR, Gómez RE. Racotumomab: an anti-idiotype vaccine related to N-glycolyl-containing gangliosides - preclinical and clinical data. Front Oncol 2012; 2:150. [PMID: 23110257 PMCID: PMC3478665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neu-glycolyl (NeuGc)-containing gangliosides are attractive targets for immunotherapy with anti-idiotype mAbs, because these glycolipids are not normal components of the cytoplasmic membrane in humans, but their expression has been demonstrated in several human malignant tumors. Racotumomab is an anti-idiotype mAb specific to P3 mAb, an antibody which reacts to NeuGc-containing gangliosides, sulfatides, and other antigens expressed in tumors. Preparations containing racotumomab were able to induce a strong anti-metastatic effect in tumor-bearing mice. Different Phase I clinical trials have been conducted in patients with advanced melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer. The results of these clinical trials demonstrated the low toxicity and the high immunogenicity of this vaccine. The induced antibodies recognized and directly killed tumor cells expressing NeuGcGM3. A Phase II/III multicenter, controlled, randomized, double blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of aluminum hydroxide-precipitated racotumomab vaccine in overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The clinical results of this study showed a significant clinical benefit in the patients who were treated with the anti-idiotype vaccine.
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Correlation of Activated STAT3 Expression with Clinicopathologic Features in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 15:347-52. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhong Y, Wu Y, Li C, Tang J, Wang X, Ren G, Carr A, Pérez R, Guo W. N-Glycolyl GM3 ganglioside immunoexpression in oral mucosal melanomas of Chinese. Oral Dis 2012; 18:741-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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54
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Immunoreactivity of the 14F7 Mab (Raised against N-Glycolyl GM3 Ganglioside) as a Positive Prognostic Factor in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:235418. [PMID: 22482082 PMCID: PMC3317082 DOI: 10.1155/2012/235418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Therefore, numerous studies are focusing on the assessment of other biological and molecular prognostic factors in these tumors. We evaluated the relationship between 14F7 Mab reactivity, pathological features, DNA-content and S-phase fraction (SPF), and their impact in the survival of NSCLC patients. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry optical microscopy assays as well as DNA content and SPF measuring using flow cytometry were performed. The 14F7 reactivity was widely observed in NSCLC sections, no depending of the clinicopathological characteristics. We also obtained differences in the intensity of reaction with 14F7 as well as in the SPF between diploid and aneuploid carcinomas. Patients with diploid tumors showing higher SPF and 14F7 reaction joint to a low mitotic index displayed higher survival rates. Our results are in agreement with the assumption of the possible positive prognostic value of 14F7 staining in NSCLC.
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Blanco R, Cedeño M, Escobar X, Blanco D, Rengifo CE, Frómeta M, Alvarez RI, Rengifo E, Carr A. Immunorecognition of the 14F7 Mab Raised against N-Glycolyl GM3 Ganglioside in Some Normal and Malignant Tissues from Genitourinary System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5402/2011/953803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
N-glycolyl neuraminic acid has been considered as a tumour-associated antigen forming both glycolipid and glycoprotein, expressed in some human malignant cells. In this work, we evaluate the 14F7 Mab (an IgG1 murine highly specific to N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside) reactivity in a variety of genitourinary-system-derived tumors as well as in their normal counterparts. Immunohistochemical assays with 14F7 followed by anti-mouse biotinylated antibody and ABC/HRP system using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were carried out. In normal tissues, 14F7 was reactive only in renal tubules of kidney (2/6) and in the stromal component and blood vessels of ovary (3/5). Tumors of kidney (12/38), urinary bladder (8/9), breast (41/42), ovary (21/34), testis (4/5), prostate (17/20), and uterus (5/14) as well as prostatic nodular hyperplasia (5/8) were stained with 14F7. N-glycolyl GM3 recognized by 14F7 could be considered as one attractive target for both active and passive immunotherapy of genitourinary malignancies expressing this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rancés Blanco
- Department of Quality Control, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Mercedes Cedeño
- Department of Quality Control, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Xiomara Escobar
- Department of Cell Biology and Tissues Banking, National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, 29 and F Street Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Damián Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology and Tissues Banking, National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, 29 and F Street Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Charles E. Rengifo
- Department of Pathology, Manuel Fajardo General Hospital, Zapata and D Street Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Milagros Frómeta
- Department of Quality Control, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Rosa Irene Alvarez
- Department of Cell Biology and Tissues Banking, National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, 29 and F Street Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Enrique Rengifo
- Department of Quality Control, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue Atabey, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, 11600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Adriana Carr
- Research and Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 Street and 15 Avenue Atabey, Playa. P.O. Box 16040, 11600 Havana, Cuba
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Detection of N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside in neuroectodermal tumors by immunohistochemistry: an attractive vaccine target for aggressive pediatric cancer. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:245181. [PMID: 21941577 PMCID: PMC3177098 DOI: 10.1155/2011/245181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The N-glycolylated ganglioside NeuGc-GM3 has been described in solid tumors such as breast carcinoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and melanoma, but is usually not detected in normal human cells. Our aim was to evaluate the presence of NeuGc-GM3 in pediatric neuroectodermal tumors by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-seven archival cases of neuroblastoma and Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) were analyzed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were cut into 5 μm sections. The monoclonal antibody 14F7, a mouse IgG1 that specifically recognizes NeuGc-GM3, and a peroxidase-labeled polymer conjugated to secondary antibodies were used. Presence of NeuGc-GM3 was evident in 23 of 27 cases (85%), with an average of about 70% of positive tumors cells. Immunoreactivity was moderate to intense in most tumors, showing a diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous staining, although cases of ESFT demonstrated a fine granular cytoplasmic pattern. No significant differences were observed between neuroblastoma with and without NMYC oncogene amplification, suggesting that expression of NeuGc-GM3 is preserved in more aggressive cancers. Until now, the expression of N-glycolylated gangliosides in pediatric neuroectodermal tumors has not been investigated. The present study evidenced the expression of NeuGc-GM3 in a high proportion of neuroectodermal tumors, suggesting its potential utility as a specific target of immunotherapy.
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Blanco R, Rengifo E, Rengifo CE, Cedeño M, Frómeta M, Carr A. Immunohistochemical Reactivity of the 14F7 Monoclonal Antibody Raised against N-Glycolyl GM3 Ganglioside in Some Benign and Malignant Skin Neoplasms. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2011; 2011:848909. [PMID: 22363862 PMCID: PMC3262530 DOI: 10.5402/2011/848909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of 14F7 Mab (anti-N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside) immunorecognition in normal skin, cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), and in lymph node metastases (LNM) has been previously reported. In this work we extended the study to benign (BMN) and dysplastic (DMN) melanocytic nevi, basal (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Immunohistochemical assays with 14F7 followed by a biotinylated link universal and streptavidin-AP in normal and pathological tissues were made. No reaction of 14F7 in normal skin (0/10) as well as a low reactivity in BMN (2/11) and DMN (1/7) was detected. A limited staining in BCC (2/13) and in SCC (4/8) was also evidenced, while 14F7 Mab were mostly reactive in CMM (28/28) and in LNM (6/7). These results suggest that 14F7 reactivity could be closely related with the more aggressive biological behavior of CMM and also support the use of NeuGcGM3 as target for both passive and active melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rancés Blanco
- Department of Quality Control, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba
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Zhao M, Gao FH, Wang JY, Liu F, Yuan HH, Zhang WY, Jiang B. JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation mediates tumor angiogenesis by upregulation of VEGF and bFGF in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2011; 73:366-74. [PMID: 21333372 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the clinical significance of Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) during angiogenesis in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. JAK2, phospho-JAK2 (pJAK2), STAT3, and phospho-STAT3 (pSATA3) were observed in 40/68 (58.8%), 39/68 (57.4%), 49/68 (72.1%) and 40/68 (58.8%) of the cases. The high expression levels of molecules involved in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were associated with a decreased survival rate. Of the total number of cases, 73.5% were positive for VEGF and 80.9% for bFGF. Microvessel density (MVD), as determined by CD34 staining and morphology, was higher in NSCLC samples with high pJAK2 and pSTAT3 expression, and the patients with high MVD had poor survival status. In addition, the expression of pSTAT3 correlated with VEGF (r=0.593) and bFGF (r=0.519) (p<0.05). Inhibiting JAK2 and knocking down STAT3 both suppressed STAT3 activation and reduced the expression of VEGF and bFGF in A549 and NCI-H292 cells, demonstrating that STAT3 activation was associated with VEGF and bFGF expression in the two human lung carcinoma cell lines. Therefore, STAT3 may be a critical molecular target for powerful intervention in NSCLC anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
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Lindenberg JJ, Fehres CM, van Cruijsen H, Oosterhoff D, de Gruijl TD. Cross-talk between tumor and myeloid cells: how to tip the balance in favor of antitumor immunity. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:77-96. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation is often disturbed in cancer, leading to reduced frequencies of immunostimulatory dendritic cells and an over-representation of immunosuppressive immature myeloid cells, granulocytes and macrophages. As a result of this skewed myeloid differentiation, a highly immunosuppressive myeloid subset becomes prevalent during cancer development; these myeloid-derived suppressor cells are also recruited as a collateral to certain protumorigenic inflammatory processes, resulting in an effective downregulation of T-cell-mediated immune surveillance and antitumor immunity. In this article, some of the important myeloid cell subsets and mediators involved in cancer-related immune suppression are reviewed. Furthermore, cross-talk between tumors and the myeloid compartment, and ways in which it can suppress effective cell-mediated immunity, are discussed, as well as possible therapeutic approaches to tip the balance in favor of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle J Lindenberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Immunotherapy Laboratory, VU University Medical Center CCA2.22, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia M Fehres
- Department of Medical Oncology, Immunotherapy Laboratory, VU University Medical Center CCA2.22, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester van Cruijsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Immunotherapy Laboratory, VU University Medical Center CCA2.22, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dinja Oosterhoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Immunotherapy Laboratory, VU University Medical Center CCA2.22, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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NGcGM3 ganglioside: a privileged target for cancer vaccines. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:814397. [PMID: 21048926 PMCID: PMC2965427 DOI: 10.1155/2010/814397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Active specific immunotherapy is a promising field in cancer research. N-glycolyl (NGc) gangliosides, and particularly NGcGM3, have received attention as a privileged target for cancer therapy. Many clinical trials have been performed with the anti-NGc-containing gangliosides anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody racotumomab (formerly known as 1E10) and the conjugated NGcGM3/VSSP vaccine for immunotherapy of melanoma, breast, and lung cancer. The present paper examines the role of NGc-gangliosides in tumor biology as well as the available preclinical and clinical data on these vaccine products. A brief discussion on the relevance of prioritization of cancer antigens in vaccine development is also included.
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61
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Ganglioside GM3 Is Antiangiogenic in Malignant Brain Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:961243. [PMID: 20634908 PMCID: PMC2904445 DOI: 10.1155/2010/961243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Progression of malignant brain tumors is dependent upon vascularity and is associated with altered ganglioside composition and distribution. Evidence is reviewed showing that the simple monosialoganglioside, GM3, possesses powerful antiangiogenic action against the highly vascularized CT-2A mouse astrocytoma, which primarily expresses complex gangliosides. Brain tumors expressing high levels of GM3 are generally less vascularized and grow slower than tumors that express low levels of GM3. GM3 inhibits angiogenesis through autocrine and paracrine effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and associated receptors. GM3 should be a clinically useful compound for managing brain tumor angiogenesis.
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Dai F, Liu L, Che G, Yu N, Pu Q, Zhang S, Ma J, Ma L, You Z. The number and microlocalization of tumor-associated immune cells are associated with patient's survival time in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:220. [PMID: 20487543 PMCID: PMC2880994 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment is composed of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and infiltrating immune cells. Tumor-associated immune cells may inhibit or promote tumor growth and progression. This study was conducted to determine whether the number and microlocalization of macrophages, mature dendritic cells and cytotoxic T cells in non-small cell lung cancer are associated with patient's survival time. METHODS Ninety-nine patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included in this retrospective study. Paraffin-embedded NSCLC specimens and their clinicopathological data including up to 8-year follow-up information were used. Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 (marker for macrophages), CD83 (marker for mature dendritic cells), and CD8 (marker for cytotoxic T cells) was performed and evaluated in a blinded fashion. The numbers of immune cells in tumor islets and stroma, tumor islets, or tumor stroma were counted under a microscope. Correlation of the cell numbers and patient's survival time was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 13.0). RESULTS The numbers of macrophages, mature dendritic cells and cytotoxic T cells were significantly more in the tumor stroma than in the tumor islets. The number of macrophages in the tumor islets was positively associated with patient's survival time, whereas the number of macrophages in the tumor stroma was negatively associated with patient's survival time in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The number of mature dendritic cells in the tumor islets and stroma, tumor islets only, or tumor stroma only was positively associated with patient's survival time in a univariate analysis but not in a multivariate analysis. The number of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor islets and stroma was positively associated with patient's survival time in a univariate analysis but not in a multivariate analysis. The number of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor islets only or stroma only was not associated with patient's survival time. CONCLUSIONS The number of macrophages in the tumor islets or stroma is an independent predictor of survival time in NSCLC patients. Counting macrophages in the tumor islets or stroma is more useful in predicting patient's survival time than counting mature dendritic cells or cytotoxic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Dai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing City, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nanbin Yu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Third People's Hospital of Zigong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shangfu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junliang Ma
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zongbing You
- Departments of Structural & Cellular Biology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center, LCRC, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Gene Therapy, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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