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3T3-L1 preadipocytes exhibit heightened monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 response to acute fatty acid exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99382. [PMID: 24911931 PMCID: PMC4049800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes contribute to the inflammatory responses within adipose tissue. Whilst fatty acids are known to elicit an inflammatory response within adipose tissue, the relative contribution of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes to this is yet to be determined. We aimed to examine the actions of common dietary fatty acids on the acute inflammatory and adipokine response in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated mature adipocytes. Gene expression levels of key adipokines in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes were determined following incubation with palmitic acid, myristic acid or oleic acid and positive inflammatory control, lipopolysaccharide for 2 and 4 h. Inflammatory kinase signalling was assessed by analysis of nuclear factor-κB, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-jun amino-terminal kinase phosphorylation. Under basal conditions, intracellular monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression levels were increased in preadipocytes, whereas mature adipocytes expressed increased gene expression levels of leptin and adiponectin. Fatty acid exposure at 2 and 4 h increased both monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression levels in preadipocytes to greater levels than in mature adipocytes. There was an accompanying increase of inhibitor of κB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB (p65) (Ser536) phosphorylation with fatty acid exposure in the preadipocytes only. The current study points to preadipocytes rather than the adipocytes as the contributors to both immune cell recruitment and inflammatory adipokine secretion with acute increases in fatty acids.
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Camargo A, Meneses ME, Pérez-Martínez P, Delgado-Lista J, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Marín C, Almadén Y, Yubero-Serrano EM, González-Guardia L, Fuentes F, Tinahones FJ, Roche HM, Malagón MM, Pérez-Jiménez F, López-Miranda J. Dietary fat modifies lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome patients. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:409. [PMID: 24895107 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a key organ in the regulation of total body lipid homeostasis, which is responsible for the storage and release of fatty acids according to metabolic needs. We aimed to investigate the effect of the quantity and quality of dietary fat on the lipogenesis and lipolysis processes in the AT of metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned MetS patients to one of four diets: (a) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA) (b) high-monounsaturated fatty acid, and (c, d) two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with long chain (LC) n-3 (LFHCC n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks each. A fat challenge reflecting the same fatty acid composition as the original diets was conducted post-intervention. Long-term consumption of the LFHCC diet induced an increase in the fasting expression levels of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase D9-desaturase genes, whereas the supplementation of this diet with n-3 PUFA reversed this effect (p = 0.007). In contrast, long-term consumption of the HSFA diet increased the expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) gene, at both fasting and postprandial states (both, p < 0.001). Our results showed the anti-lipogenic effect exerted by LC n-3 PUFA when administered together with a LFHCC diet. Conversely, a diet high in saturated fat increased the expression of the lipolytic gene ATGL relative to the other diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Avda. Menendez Pidal, s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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Song E, Fan P, Huang B, Deng HB, Cheung BMY, Félétou M, Vilaine JP, Villeneuve N, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM, Wang Y. Deamidated lipocalin-2 induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in dietary obese mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000837. [PMID: 24721803 PMCID: PMC4187505 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 is a proinflammatory adipokine upregulated in obese humans and animals. A pathogenic role of lipocalin-2 in hypertension has been suggested. Mice lacking lipocalin-2 are protected from dietary obesity-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. Administration of lipocalin-2 causes abnormal vasodilator responses in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type and lipocalin-2 knockout mice were fed with standard chow or HFD. Immunoassays were performed for evaluating the circulating and tissue contents of lipocalin-2. The relaxation and contraction of arteries were studied using a wire myograph. Blood pressure was monitored with implantable radio telemetry. Dietary obesity promoted the accumulation of lipocalin-2 protein in blood and arteries. Deficiency of this adipokine protected mice from dietary obesity-induced elevation of blood pressure. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that human and murine lipocalin-2 were modified by polyamination. Polyaminated lipocalin-2 was rapidly cleared from the circulation. Adipose tissue was a major site for lipocalin-2 deamidation. The circulating levels and the arterial accumulation of deamidated lipocalin-2 were significantly enhanced by treatment with linoleic acid (18:2n-6), which bound to lipocalin-2 with high affinity and prevented its interactions with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Combined administration of linoleic acid with lipocalin-2 caused vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and raised the blood pressure of mice receiving standard chow. A human lipocalin-2 mutant with cysteine 87 replaced by alanine (C87A) contained less polyamines and exhibited a reduced capacity to form heterodimeric complexes with MMP9. After treatment, C87A remained in the circulation for a prolonged period of time and evoked endothelial dysfunction in the absence of linoleic acid. CONCLUSIONS Polyamination facilitates the clearance of lipocalin-2, whereas the accumulation of deamidated lipocalin-2 in arteries causes vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Fisher E, Lake E, McLeod RS. Apolipoprotein B100 quality control and the regulation of hepatic very low density lipoprotein secretion. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:178-93. [PMID: 25013401 PMCID: PMC4085555 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the main protein component of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and is necessary for the assembly and secretion of these triglyceride (TG)-rich particles. Following release from the liver, VLDL is converted to low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the plasma and increased production of VLDL can therefore play a detrimental role in cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence has helped to establish VLDL assembly as a target for the treatment of dyslipidemias. Multiple factors are involved in the folding of the apoB protein and the formation of a secretion-competent VLDL particle. Failed VLDL assembly can initiate quality control mechanisms in the hepatocyte that target apoB for degradation. ApoB is a substrate for endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) by the ubiquitin proteasome system and for autophagy. Efficient targeting and disposal of apoB is a regulated process that modulates VLDL secretion and partitioning of TG. Emerging evidence suggests that significant overlap exists between these degradative pathways. For example, the insulin-mediated targeting of apoB to autophagy and postprandial activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) may employ the same cellular machinery and regulatory cues. Changes in the quality control mechanisms for apoB impact hepatic physiology and pathology states, including insulin resistance and fatty liver. Insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and the hepatic UPR may impact VLDL production, particularly during the postprandial state. In this review we summarize our current understanding of VLDL assembly, apoB degradation, quality control mechanisms and the role of these processes in liver physiology and in pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fisher
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lake
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Roger S McLeod
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Ebisawa S, Kashima Y, Miyashita Y, Yamazaki S, Abe N, Saigusa T, Miura T, Motoki H, Izawa A, Ikeda U. Impact of endovascular therapy on oxidative stress in patients with peripheral artery disease. Circ J 2014; 78:1445-50. [PMID: 24670878 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is believed to be caused by oxidative stress. Endovascular therapy (EVT) is effective for claudication of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, its effect on oxidative stress in PAD patients is unknown. Here, the impact of EVT on oxidative stress in PAD patients is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five PAD patients (Rutherford stage II or III) who underwent EVT were enrolled. The levels of diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROM; an oxidative stress marker), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and maximum walking distance at baseline and at 3 months after EVT were measured. As compared with baseline values, the maximum walking distance and ABI improved significantly after EVT (109.9±104.2 vs. 313.7±271.8m, P<0.0001; 0.61±0.15 vs. 0.91±0.13m, P<0.0001, respectively). The improved exercise capacity and arterial flow induced a significant decrease in d-ROM levels (from 472.8±64.8 to 390.2±46.7U.CARR; P<0.0001). The decrease in d-ROM levels after EVT was more prominent in PAD patients with a high baseline d-ROM level. The increased ABI (r=0.524, P=0.0007) and maximum walking distance (r=-0.416, P=0.039) after EVT were significantly correlated with the decreased d-ROM levels. CONCLUSIONS The improved exercise capacity and peripheral blood flow induced by EVT decreases oxidative stress in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ebisawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
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Englund-Ögge L, Brantsæter AL, Sengpiel V, Haugen M, Birgisdottir BE, Myhre R, Meltzer HM, Jacobsson B. Maternal dietary patterns and preterm delivery: results from large prospective cohort study. BMJ 2014; 348:g1446. [PMID: 24609054 PMCID: PMC3942565 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether an association exists between maternal dietary patterns and risk of preterm delivery. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Norway, between 2002 and 2008. PARTICIPANTS 66 000 pregnant women (singletons, answered food frequency questionnaire, no missing information about parity or previously preterm delivery, pregnancy duration between 22+0 and 41+6 gestational weeks, no diabetes, first enrolment pregnancy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Hazard ratio for preterm delivery according to level of adherence to three distinct dietary patterns interpreted as "prudent" (for example, vegetables, fruits, oils, water as beverage, whole grain cereals, fibre rich bread), "Western" (salty and sweet snacks, white bread, desserts, processed meat products), and "traditional" (potatoes, fish). RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, high scores on the "prudent" pattern were associated with significantly reduced risk of preterm delivery hazard ratio for the highest versus the lowest third (0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.97). The prudent pattern was also associated with a significantly lower risk of late and spontaneous preterm delivery. No independent association with preterm delivery was found for the "Western" pattern. The "traditional" pattern was associated with reduced risk of preterm delivery for the highest versus the lowest third (hazard ratio 0.91, 0.83 to 0.99). CONCLUSION This study showed that women adhering to a "prudent" or a "traditional" dietary pattern during pregnancy were at lower risk of preterm delivery compared with other women. Although these findings cannot establish causality, they support dietary advice to pregnant women to eat a balanced diet including vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and fish and to drink water. Our results indicate that increasing the intake of foods associated with a prudent dietary pattern is more important than totally excluding processed food, fast food, junk food, and snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Englund-Ögge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L, Costabile G, Giacco R, Mangione A, Anniballi G, Vitale M, Vetrani C, Cipriano P, Della Corte G, Pasanisi F, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA. Diets naturally rich in polyphenols improve fasting and postprandial dyslipidemia and reduce oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:463-71. [PMID: 24368433 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) concentration is a recognized independent cardiovascular disease risk factor. Diet is the natural approach for these postprandial alterations. Dietary polyphenols and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3s) are associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled study evaluated, in persons with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, the effects of diets naturally rich in polyphenols and/or marine LCn3s on plasma TRLs and urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations, a biomarker of oxidative stress. DESIGN According to a 2 × 2 factorial design, 86 overweight/obese individuals with a large waist circumference and any other component of the metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to an isoenergetic diet 1) poor in LCn3s and polyphenols, 2) rich in LCn3s, 3) rich in polyphenols, or 4) rich in LCn3s and polyphenols. The diets were similar in all other components. Before and after the 8-wk intervention, fasting and postmeal TRLs and 8-isoprostane concentrations in 24-h urine samples were measured. RESULTS Dietary adherence was good in all participants. Polyphenols significantly reduced fasting triglyceride concentrations (2-factor ANOVA) in plasma (P = 0.023) and large very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) (P = 0.016) and postprandial triglyceride total area under the curve in plasma (P = 0.041) and large VLDLs (P = 0.004). LCn3s reduced postprandial chylomicron cholesterol and VLDL apolipoprotein B-48. The concentrations of urinary 8-isoprostane decreased significantly with the polyphenol-rich diets. Lipoprotein changes induced by the intervention significantly correlated with changes in 8-isoprostane. CONCLUSIONS Diets naturally rich in polyphenols positively influence fasting and postprandial TRLs and reduce oxidative stress. Marine LCn3s reduce TRLs of exogenous origin. Through their effects on postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress, polyphenols may favorably affect cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (G Annuzzi, LB, GC, AM, G Anniballi, MV, CV, PC, GDC, FP, GR, and AAR), and the Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG)
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Teng KT, Chang CY, Chang LF, Nesaretnam K. Modulation of obesity-induced inflammation by dietary fats: mechanisms and clinical evidence. Nutr J 2014; 13:12. [PMID: 24476102 PMCID: PMC3922162 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity plays a pivotal role in the development of low-grade inflammation. Dietary fatty acids are important modulators of inflammatory responses. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been reported to exert pro-inflammatory effects. n-3 PUFA in particular, possess anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted over decades to investigate the impact of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory response in obese individuals, however the findings remained uncertain. High fat meals have been reported to increase pro-inflammatory responses, however there is limited evidence to support the role of individual dietary fatty acids in a postprandial state. Evidence in chronic studies is contradictory, the effects of individual dietary fatty acids deserves further attention. Weight loss rather than n-3 PUFA supplementation may play a more prominent role in alleviating low grade inflammation. In this context, the present review provides an update on the mechanistic insight and the influence of dietary fats on low grade inflammation, based on clinical evidence from acute and chronic clinical studies in obese and overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Tiu Teng
- Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Altman R, Keenan AH, Newman JW, Rutledge JC. The Postprandial Effects of a Moderately High-Fat Meal on Lipid Profiles and Vascular Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2. [PMID: 26029731 PMCID: PMC4449155 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126.1000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of aging with unknown causative factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation and neurovascular dysfunction play important roles in AD. The postprandial period following a moderately high-fat meal is associated with vascular inflammation in young, healthy individuals; however, this relationship has not been investigated in Alzheimer’s patients despite their exaggerated inflammatory state. Methods Patients with AD and age-matched control subjects were recruited through the UC Davis Alzheimer’s Disease Center. All subjects consumed a moderately high-fat breakfast meal. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected for lipid, lipoprotein, and oxylipin analyses, as well as assays for cytokine levels and monocyte activation. Results The plasma lipid analyses revealed similar levels of triglycerides and esterified oxylipins between groups, but there was an interaction between postprandial non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and body mass index in the AD group compared to the control subjects. The AD group also had increased behenic acid and decreased linoleic and oleic acids in the postprandial period; however, these were not significantly different. Inflammatory assays revealed elevated fasting levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 p70, but no change in monocyte activation in the AD group. Conclusion The postprandial period following a moderately high-fat meal is not associated with an exaggerated inflammatory state in Alzheimer’s patients, and basal esterified oxylipin profiles do not indicate elevated oxidative stress. However, the baseline inflammatory state during fasting in AD patients includes elevated levels of plasma IL-10 and IL-12 p70, which may indicate a balance between immune responses mediated by these interleukins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Altman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, California, USA
| | - Alison H Keenan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, California, USA
| | - John W Newman
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, California, USA
| | - John C Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, California, USA
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Kim JY, Kwon HY, Kim KS, Kim MK, Kwon O. Postprandial glucose and NF-κB responses are regulated differently by monounsaturated fatty acid and dietary fiber in impaired fasting glucose subjects. J Med Food 2013; 16:1168-71. [PMID: 24283276 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to observational studies that have linked postprandial glycemic response with the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated whether the nutrient composition of dietary formula might affect the postprandial inflammation in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) subjects. Eight subjects underwent three trials in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with a 1-week washout period. The subjects were given three formulas according to serving size: (1) high-fiber formula (FF); (2) high-monounsaturated fatty acid formula (MF); and (3) control formula (CF). The area under the curves (AUCs) for glucose decreased 0.65- and 0.54-fold in the FF and MF trials, respectively, when compared with CF. A similar pattern was observed for the postprandial insulin response. However, as observed by the phosphorylation of proteolytic degradation product IκB, the AUC for activation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly decreased in the FF trial, but not with MF (P=.0114). These findings demonstrated that postprandial glucose and inflammatory responses might be regulated differently by the nutrient composition of dietary formulas in IFG subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul, Korea
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Martin FPJ, Montoliu I, Collino S, Scherer M, Guy P, Tavazzi I, Thorimbert A, Moco S, Rothney MP, Ergun DL, Beaumont M, Ginty F, Qanadli SD, Favre L, Giusti V, Rezzi S. Topographical body fat distribution links to amino acid and lipid metabolism in healthy obese women [corrected]. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73445. [PMID: 24039943 PMCID: PMC3770640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity is increasingly recognized as a key condition for the development of obesity related disorders, with the ratio between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) reported as the best correlate of cardiometabolic risk. In this study, using a cohort of 40 obese females (age: 25–45 y, BMI: 28–40 kg/m2) under healthy clinical conditions and monitored over a 2 weeks period we examined the relationships between different body composition parameters, estimates of visceral adiposity and blood/urine metabolic profiles. Metabonomics and lipidomics analysis of blood plasma and urine were employed in combination with in vivo quantitation of body composition and abdominal fat distribution using iDXA and computerized tomography. Of the various visceral fat estimates, VAT/SAT and VAT/total abdominal fat ratios exhibited significant associations with regio-specific body lean and fat composition. The integration of these visceral fat estimates with metabolic profiles of blood and urine described a distinct amino acid, diacyl and ether phospholipid phenotype in women with higher visceral fat. Metabolites important in predicting visceral fat adiposity as assessed by Random forest analysis highlighted 7 most robust markers, including tyrosine, glutamine, PC-O 44∶6, PC-O 44∶4, PC-O 42∶4, PC-O 40∶4, and PC-O 40∶3 lipid species. Unexpectedly, the visceral fat associated inflammatory profiles were shown to be highly influenced by inter-days and between-subject variations. Nevertheless, the visceral fat associated amino acid and lipid signature is proposed to be further validated for future patient stratification and cardiometabolic health diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J. Martin
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (FPJM); (SR)
| | - Ivan Montoliu
- Applied Mathematics, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Collino
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Max Scherer
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guy
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Tavazzi
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Thorimbert
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Moco
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan P. Rothney
- Diagnostics and Biomedical Technology Organization, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York, United States of America
| | - David L. Ergun
- GE Healthcare, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Maurice Beaumont
- Clinical Development Unit, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Healthcare, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Salah D. Qanadli
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Unit, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vittorio Giusti
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Nestec Ltd., Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (FPJM); (SR)
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Lee EJ, Kim JY, Kim DR, Kim KS, Kim MK, Kwon O. Glycemic index of dietary formula may not be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation: a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study in non-diabetic subjects. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:302-8. [PMID: 23964318 PMCID: PMC3746165 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging role of endothelial inflammation in diabetes has stimulated research interest in the effects of nutrition on related indices. In the current study we investigated whether the nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in glycemic index (GI) may be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects. A double-blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in non-diabetic subjects (n = 8/group). Each subject consumed three types of diabetes-specific dietary formulas (high-fiber formula [FF], high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) formula [MF] and control formula [CF]) standardized to 50 g of available carbohydrates with a 1-week interval between each. The mean glycemic index (GI) was calculated and 3-hour postprandial responses of insulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrotyrosine (NT) and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The MF showed the lowest mean GI and significantly low area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (P = 0.038), but significantly high AUCs for sICAM-1 (P < 0.001) and FFA (P < 0.001) as compared to the CF and FF. The FF showed intermediate mean GI, but significantly low AUC for NT (P < 0.001) as compared to the CF and MF. The mean GI was not positively correlated to any of the inflammatory markers evaluated, and in fact negatively correlated to changes in FFA (r = -0.473, P = 0.006). While the MF with the lowest GI showed the highest values in most of the inflammatory markers measured, the FF with intermediate GI had a modest beneficial effect on endothelial inflammation. These results suggest that nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in the GI may differently influence acute postprandial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Kackov S, Simundic AM, Nikolac N, Celap I, Dukic L, Ruzic D, Bilusic M. The effect of high-calorie meal consumption on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in healthy male adults. Physiol Res 2013; 62:643-52. [PMID: 23869888 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several authors have reported the association of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia with oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Our aim was to investigate the effect of high-calorie meal on blood markers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and the association of APOA5 -1131T/C and -250G/A hepatic lipase (HL) polymorphisms with postprandial triglyceride response. This study included 102 healthy male volunteers. All participants consumed a high-calorie meal (823 calories, 50 g fat, 28 g protein, 60 g carbohydrates). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, hsCRP, TAS and ICAM-1 were measured at fasting state and postprandially. APOA5 -1131T/C and -250G/A HL polymorphisms were also determined. Postprandial triglycerides were significantly increased (1.4 (1.1-2.1) vs. 2.4 (1.9-3.3) mmol/l, P<0.001). Average triglyceride increase was 1.0+/-0.7 mmol/l (65 %). Concentration of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAS and ICAM-1 differed significantly between the fasting state and postprandial measurements (P<0.001). However, those differences were within the limits of analytical imprecision. Other parameters did not change 3 h after the meal. Triglycerides response did not differ respective to the APOA5 and HL polymorphisms. Family history of hypertension and acute myocardial infarction were associated with higher postprandial triglyceride concentrations. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is not associated with increased concentrations of hsCRP, TAS and ICAM-1. Furthermore, APOA5 -1131T/C and -250G/A HL polymorphisms are not associated with different postprandial triglyceride response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kackov
- Medical biochemistry laboratory, Policlinic Bonifarm, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Herieka M, Erridge C. High-fat meal induced postprandial inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:136-46. [PMID: 23847095 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Raised levels of circulating inflammatory markers are associated with coronary artery disease, obesity and type II diabetes. It has been proposed that the ingestion of high-fat meals may serve as a stimulus to raise systemic inflammatory tone, although interventional studies have yielded conflicting results. We here review 57 studies of high-fat meal induced acute postprandial inflammation to identify the most frequently reported markers of postprandial inflammation and to compare these results with the highly consistent low-grade endotoxaemia model in man. Most plasma borne markers of inflammation, such as cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules, were not consistently raised after a high-fat meal. However, pro-inflammatory leukocyte surface markers, mRNA and proteins were elevated in almost all studies in which they were measured. These markers followed kinetics similar to those observed following intravenous injection of low doses of endotoxin in man, were positively associated with likelihood of contamination of test meals with pro-inflammatory bacterial molecules and were reduced in several studies examining parallel meals supplemented with foodstuffs containing anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Future studies of postprandial inflammation may yield more consistent evidence by focusing on leukocyte, rather than plasma-borne, markers of inflammation and by considering the test meal content of pro- and anti-inflammatory dietary constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Herieka
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Esser D, van Dijk SJ, Oosterink E, Müller M, Afman LA. A high-fat SFA, MUFA, or n3 PUFA challenge affects the vascular response and initiates an activated state of cellular adherence in lean and obese middle-aged men. J Nutr 2013; 143:843-51. [PMID: 23616512 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI and fatty acid type affect postprandial metabolic TG responses, but whether these factors also affect vascular, inflammatory, and leukocyte adherence responses remains unclear. We therefore compared those postprandial responses between lean and obese men after 3 high-fat challenges differing in fatty acid composition. In a crossover double-blind study, 18 lean (BMI: 18-25 kg/m(2)) and 18 obese (BMI >29 kg/m(2)) middle-aged men received 3 isocaloric high-fat milkshakes containing 95 g fat (88% of energy), either high in SFAs (54% of energy/total fat), MUFAs (83% of energy/total fat), or n3 (omega-3) PUFAs (40% of energy/total fat). Hemodynamics, augmentation index (AIX), leukocyte cell surface adhesion markers, and plasma cytokines involved in vascular adherence, coagulation, and inflammation were measured before and after consumption of the milkshakes. In both groups and after all shakes were consumed, AIX decreased; plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) 1, sICAM3, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) 1, and interleukin-8 increased; monocyte CD11a, CD11b, and CD621 expression increased; neutrophil CD11a, CD11b, and CD621 expression increased; and lymphocyte CD62l expression increased (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte CD11a and CD11b expression decreased in lean participants after consumption of all shakes but did not change in obese participants (P < 0.05). Obese participants had a less pronounced decrease in heart rate after the consumption of all shakes (P < 0.05). MUFA consumption induced a more pronounced decrease in blood pressure and AIX compared with the other milkshakes in both lean and obese participants (P < 0.05). High-fat consumption initiates an activated state of cellular adherence and an atherogenic milieu. This response was independent of fatty acid type consumed or of being lean or obese, despite the clear differences in postprandial TG responses between the groups and different milkshakes. These findings suggest that in addition to increased TGs, other mechanisms are involved in the high-fat consumption-induced activated state of cellular adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik Esser
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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66
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Analysis of esterified and nonesterified fatty acids in serum from obese individuals after intake of breakfasts prepared with oils heated at frying temperature. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6117-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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67
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Lopez-Legarrea P, de la Iglesia R, Abete I, Bondia-Pons I, Navas-Carretero S, Forga L, Martinez JA, Zulet MA. Short-term role of the dietary total antioxidant capacity in two hypocaloric regimes on obese with metabolic syndrome symptoms: the RESMENA randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:22. [PMID: 23406163 PMCID: PMC3584921 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary strategies seem to be the most prescribed therapy in order to counteract obesity regarding not only calorie restriction, but also bioactive ingredients and the composition of the consumed foods. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is gaining importance in order to assess the quality of the diet. Methods Ninety-six obese adults presenting metabolic syndrome (MetS) symptoms completed an 8-week intervention trial to evaluate the effects of a novel dietary program with changes in the nutrient distribution and meal frequency and to compare it with a dietary pattern based on the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and at the endpoint of the study, in addition to 48-hours food dietary records. Results Both diets equally (p > 0.05) improved MetS manifestations. Dietary TAC was the component which showed the major influence on body weight (p = 0.034), body mass index (p = 0.026), waist circumference (p = 0.083) and fat mass (p = 0.015) reductions. Transaminases (ALT and AST) levels (p = 0.062 and p = 0.004, respectively) were associated with lower TAC values. Conclusion RESMENA diet was as effective as AHA pattern for reducing MetS features. Dietary TAC was the most contributing factor involved in body weight and obesity related markers reduction. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01087086
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lopez-Legarrea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea rd 1, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
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