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Huang L, Li TJ. Laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer: where are we now and where are we going? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:1145-1157. [PMID: 30187785 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1520098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimally-invasive surgery is gaining increasing popularity for the management of gastric cancer (GC). Areas covered: The authors hereby comprehensively and systematically reviewed the randomized and/or prospective evidence on laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for GC. For early GC located in the distal stomach, various randomized trials have demonstrated the superiority/non-inferiority of LG especially in reducing surgical trauma and enhancing postoperative recovery without compromising surgical safety and oncologic efficacy. For advanced GC, while multicenter large-scale randomized evidence has demonstrated the safety and feasibility of LG by experienced hands, the long-term survival which is to be clarified by several ongoing trials are crucial to determine whether a more widespread application is acceptable. Randomized evidence regarding the application of laparoscopic total or proximal gastrectomy, which is technically challenging, is scarce. Various attempts in modification of the traditional laparoscopic approach to further reduce the trauma have been evaluated, such as single-incision and totally LG. LG is becoming increasingly individualized and precise. Expert commentary: The current randomized and/or prospective evidence supports the non-inferiority of laparoscopic surgery especially for the management of early GC located in the distal stomach, while the definitive efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for more surgically challenging situations remains largely explorative and investigative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- a Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - Tuan-Jie Li
- b Department of General Surgery , Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Cho M, Son T, Kim HI, Noh SH, Choi S, Seo WJ, Roh CK, Hyung WJ. Similar hematologic and nutritional outcomes after proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction in comparison to total gastrectomy for early upper gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2018; 33:1757-1768. [PMID: 30203207 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal gastrectomy offers theoretical benefits over total gastrectomy in terms of hematologic and nutritional outcomes. However, little evidence confirming these benefits has been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the hematologic and nutritional outcomes of proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction in comparison to those of total gastrectomy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 80 patients with stage I gastric cancer who underwent proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (n = 38) or total gastrectomy (n = 42) from September 2014 to December 2015. We compared hematologic (including hemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12, etc.) and nutritional outcomes [including body mass index (BMI), serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and total lymphocyte count] between the two groups. RESULTS We found no significant differences in changes in hemoglobin (P = 0.250) or cumulative incidence of iron deficiency anemia (P = 0.971) during a median follow-up period of 24 months (range 18-30 months) after surgery. Cumulative incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency also did not differ significantly between the proximal and total gastrectomy groups (P = 0.087). BMI changes from baseline were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.591). Likewise, there were no statistically significant differences in nutritional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction exhibited similar outcomes in terms of hematologic and nutritional features in comparison to total gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Cho
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Taeil Son
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Robot and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Robot and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seohee Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Won Jun Seo
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Chul Kyu Roh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea. .,Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea. .,Robot and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Functional evaluations comparing the double-tract method and the jejunal interposition method following laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an investigation including laparoscopic total gastrectomy. Surg Today 2018; 49:38-48. [PMID: 30159780 PMCID: PMC6300581 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Functional outcomes were prospectively compared between two types of reconstruction [double tract (L-DT; n = 15) and jejunal interposition (L-JIP; n = 15)] following laparoscopic half-proximal gastrectomy (LPG), including laparoscopic total gastrectomy (L-TG; n = 30) as a control group, at 1 year after surgery. Methods Clinical investigations were performed in each patient, and functional evaluations, involving the swallowing of an alimentary liquid containing acetaminophen (AAP), followed by measurements of the concentrations of AAP and hormones in the sitting (n = 5) and in the supine positions (n = 5), were carried out in each group. Results The post-/preoperative body weight ratios were significantly higher in the L-DT and L-JIP groups than in the L-TG group. The AAP levels were significantly lower in the LPG group than in the LTG group. The AAP, insulin, and gastrin levels in the L-JIP group were markedly increased in the sitting position compared with the supine position, while those in the L-DT and L-TG groups were stable in both positions. Conclusions L-JIP and L-DT are procedures that maintain gradual intestinal absorption and help improve the quality of life. Intestinal absorption and hormonal secretion were relatively unaffected by the posture of the meal intake after L-DT, so L-DT might be the procedure providing the most stable results.
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Oshiro T, Sato Y, Nabekura T, Kitahara T, Sato A, Kadoya K, Kawamitsu K, Takagi R, Nagashima M, Okazumi S, Katoh R. Proximal Gastrectomy with Double Tract Reconstruction Is an Alternative Revision Surgery for Intractable Complications After Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2018; 27:3333-3336. [PMID: 28965309 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric leakage and stricture are challenging complications of sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Failure of endoscopic intervention necessitates revision surgery. We describe two cases in which proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstruction (PG with DTR) was performed in patients with chronic gastric fistula and twisted gastric tube after SG. Following resection of the affected part of the proximal stomach, reconstruction was achieved with three anastomoses [esophagojejunostomy (EJ), gastrojejunostomy (GJ), and jejunojejunostomy]. DTR provides two exit routes, the remnant stomach and the distal jejunum. The GJ was created 15 cm below the EJ with a stoma 10 mm in diameter, which can pass a standard endoscope. Both cases were a success without any short-term complications. PG with DTR could be an alternative option for refractory complications of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oshiro
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan.
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Taiki Nabekura
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kitahara
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Ayami Sato
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Kengo Kadoya
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Kentarou Kawamitsu
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takagi
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagashima
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okazumi
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - Ryoji Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
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Wang S, Lin S, Wang H, Yang J, Yu P, Zhao Q, Li M. Reconstruction methods after radical proximal gastrectomy: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0121. [PMID: 29538208 PMCID: PMC5882394 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of tumors located in the upper third of the stomach is increasing, and the use of radical proximal gastrectomy is becoming prevalent. After a proximal gastrectomy, various reconstructions are performed, but surgical outcomes are controversial. This study was performed to review clinical outcomes of reconstructions after proximal gastrectomy. METHODS Inclusion criteria focused on postoperative complications of patients who underwent a proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Exclusion criteria were case reports; targeted data not investigated; a duplicate study reported in a larger cohort; esophageal sphincter preservation surgery; near-total gastrectomy; recurrence of tumor; and combined organ resection. RESULTS In total, 22 retrospective and 2 prospective studies were included. The studies investigated surgical outcomes of esophagogastrostomy (n = 10), jejunal interposition (n = 12), jejunal pouch interposition (n = 7), double tract jejunal interposition (n = 1), and tube-like stomach esophagogastrostomy (n = 5). Pooled incidences of reflux esophagitis or reflux symptoms for these procedures were 28.6%, 4.5%, 12.9%, 4.7%, and 10.7%, respectively. Incidences of postoperative complications were 9.5%, 18.1%, 7.0%, 11.6%, and 9.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite increasing operation complexity, which perhaps increased the risk of other postoperative complications, currently used reconstructions present excellent anti-reflux efficacy. However, the optimal reconstruction method remains to be determined.
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Nunobe S, Hiki N. Function-preserving surgery for gastric cancer: current status and future perspectives. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:77. [PMID: 29034350 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2017.09.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of early gastric cancer (EGC) cases has been increasing because of improved diagnostic procedures including endoscopy and screening systems. Therefore, function-preserving gastrectomy (FPG) for EGC with the expectation of better quality of life (QOL) after surgery may be increasingly utilized, due to its association with low rate of lymph node metastasis and excellent survival and the possibility of employing less invasive procedures such as laparoscopic gastrectomy in combination. Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) with curative intent lymph node dissection is a representative FPG that has been used in EGC, and its superiorities, indications, limitations, and survival benefits have already been reported in several retrospective studies. Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LAPG) has also been employed in EGC of the upper third of the stomach; however, LAPG was found to be associated with major issues in achieving a balance between swallowing and reflux prevention. In patients with EGC in the upper third of the stomach, laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy with a preserved, albeit very small, stomach may provide a better QOL and fewer postoperative complications. FPG is recommended as a surgical treatment for EGC if the indication is accurately diagnosed and strictly confirmed; however, these techniques in laparoscopic surgery present technical difficulties to surgeons without a certain degree of skills. Although many retrospective studies revealed the functional benefits or oncological safety with FPG, further prospective studies using large case series are necessary to reveal the value of FPG compared with the conventional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souya Nunobe
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Cancer Institute Ariake Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiki
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Cancer Institute Ariake Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka K, Ebihara Y, Kurashima Y, Nakanishi Y, Asano T, Noji T, Murakami S, Nakamura T, Tsuchikawa T, Okamura K, Shichinohe T, Hirano S. Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with oblique jejunogastrostomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2017; 402:995-1002. [PMID: 28493146 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-017-1587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal early gastric cancer is a good indication for totally laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (TLPG) with double-tract reconstruction (DTR). However, when most of the dietary intake passes through the escape route of the jejunum, the functional benefits of proximal gastrectomy might be similar to those after total gastrectomy. Our DTR procedure was improved for easy passage through the remnant stomach. The purposes of this study were to present a novel technique for intracorporeal DTR using linear staplers after TLPG and to investigate surgical outcomes. METHODS DTR was performed using linear staplers only. A side-to-side jejunogastrostomy with twisting of both the remnant stomach and the anal jejunum was performed for the purpose of passing meals through the remnant stomach (an oblique jejunogastrostomy technique). The ten patients who underwent TLPG with DTR from January 2011 to August 2016 in Hokkaido University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinicopathological characteristics and surgical and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The median duration of operation was 285 (range 146-440) min. No patients required blood transfusions. The number of dissected lymph nodes was 32 (range 22-56). There were no intraoperative complications, and no cases were converted to open surgery. All the patients were pT1N0M0 stage IA. No anastomotic leakage or complications were detected. Postoperative gastrography after reconstruction showed that contrast medium flowed mainly to the remnant stomach. The average percentage body weight loss was 14.0 ± 7.1% at 10 months. The average percentage decrease in serum hemoglobin was 5.4 ± 10.4% at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS This novel technique for intracorporeal DTR provided a considerable advantage by the passage of dietary intake to the remnant stomach after LPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuma Ebihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yo Kurashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Asano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Soichi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Double-tract reconstruction after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy using detachable ENDO-PSD. Surg Endosc 2017; 31:4848-4856. [PMID: 28389804 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is widely performed in Japan as a function-preserving surgical approach. Since esophagogastrostomy (EG) was associated with increased reflux symptoms and anastomotic strictures, we have chosen double-tract reconstruction (DTR) as the standard reconstruction method since March 2013. In this study, we described a novel method of laparoscopic DTR using detachable ENDO-PSD and compared its 1-year outcome with EG performed formerly in our institution. METHODS Patients who underwent laparoscopic PG between May 2005 and July 2014 were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the type of reconstruction and were subsequently analyzed (19 patients in the DTR group and 22 in the EG group). All of them underwent a laparoscopic PG with regional lymph node dissection. In the DTR group, the lower left port site was extended to 4 cm, and an intracorporeal purse-string suture was performed using the detachable ENDO-PSD. The jejunogastrostomy was fashioned on the anterior side of the remnant stomach parallel to the transection line, 2 cm from the cut end. The EG group used the conventional purse-string suture instrument through the 6 cm upper midline mini-laparotomy incision. Patient characteristics, operative data, early operative complications and 1-year postoperative follow-up findings were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The frequencies of reflux symptoms (10.5 vs. 54.5%, P = 0.003), usage of proton pump inhibitors (31.6 vs. 72.7%, P = 0.008), and anastomotic strictures (0 vs. 27%, P = 0.014) were significantly lower in the DTR group as compared to the EG group. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, average postoperative/preoperative weight loss ratio, and postoperative/preoperative ratio of biochemical markers (hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, cholesterol). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that DTR is a useful reconstruction method after PG, especially in terms of preventing reflux esophagitis and anastomotic strictures.
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Hayami M, Hiki N, Nunobe S, Mine S, Ohashi M, Kumagai K, Ida S, Watanabe M, Sano T, Yamaguchi T. Clinical Outcomes and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy with Double-Flap Technique for Early Gastric Cancer in the Upper Third of the Stomach. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:1635-1642. [PMID: 28130623 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel double-flap esophagogastrostomy technique developed to prevent reflux after proximal gastrectomy was applied to laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG), and the clinical outcomes of this technique (LPG-DFT) were evaluated and compared to those of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). METHODS This retrospective study of 90 patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) in the upper third of the stomach compared surgical outcomes, postoperative endoscopic findings, and nutritional status between two procedure groups, LPG-DFT (n = 43) and LTG (n = 47). The association between morbidity and surgical procedure was analyzed by controlling for body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Mean operation time was significantly higher for LPG-DFT than LTG (386.5 vs. 316.3 min, P < 0.001). The morbidity and the frequency of anastomotic complications were lower, although not significantly, for LPG-DFT than LTG (7.0 vs. 21.3%, P = 0.073; and 4.7 vs. 17.2%, P = 0.093). Median postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for LPG-DFT than LTG (10 vs. 13 days, P = 0.002). The LPG-DFT procedure was identified as the most significant independent predictor of low morbidity after adjustment for BMI (P = 0.028, OR = 0.232, 95% CI 0.047-0.862). LTG induced more severe reflux esophagitis than LPG-DFT (14.9% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.06). The mean baseline weight, total protein, and hemoglobin were significantly higher with LPG-DFT than with LTG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LPG-DFT is a better surgical procedure for treating upper-third EGC than LTG in terms of morbidity, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Hayami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Souya Nunobe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Mine
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Kumagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Phase I Clinical Research of Jejunal Interposition in Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction II/III Proximal Gastrectomy. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:1639654. [PMID: 27840635 PMCID: PMC5090104 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1639654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the feasibility and specific methods of single-tract jejunal interposition between esophagus and remnant stomach (ers-STJI) in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) II/III proximal gastrectomy. Methods. 15 AEG II/III gastric cancer (GC) patients in phase T1-3N0M0 with tumor size <5 cm were selected and they underwent proximal gastrectomy with ers-STJI from August 2013 to August 2014. Results. All of the 15 patients successfully completed GC R0 proximal gastrectomy with ers-STJI and no operative death or no significant complication occurred; one patient had anastomotic inflammatory granuloma. The digestive tract reconstruction time was 29.5 ± 5.7 min; the intraoperative blood loss was 96.7 ± 20.2 mL, and the number of lymph node dissections was 21.3 ± 3.0; the postoperative flatus time was 48.2 ± 11.9 h; the average length of hospital stay was 10.7 ± 2.3 d, and the average hospital stay cost was 60 ± 3 thousands. All of the patients were followed up for 12 months, and their postoperative single food intake, body weight, hemoglobin, and albumin were all recovered to the preoperative levels. Conclusions. The applications of ers-STJI in proximal gastrectomy were safe and feasible, and the length of jejunal interposition could be 15-25 cm.
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Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Surg Today 2016; 47:538-547. [PMID: 27549773 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) is increasing, and while laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) has been performed as a surgical option, it is not yet the standard treatment, because there is no established common reconstruction method following proximal gastrectomy (PG). We reviewed the English-language literature to clarify the current status and problems associated with LPG in treating proximal EGC. This procedure is considered indicated for EGC located in the upper third of the stomach with clinical T1N0, but not when it can be treated endoscopically. No operative mortality or conversion to open surgery was reported in our review, suggesting that this procedure is technically feasible. The most frequent postoperative complication involved problems with anastomoses, possibly caused by the technical complexity of the reconstruction. Although various reconstruction methods following open PG (OPG) and LPG have been reported, there is no standard reconstruction method. Well-designed multicenter, randomized, controlled, prospective trials to evaluate the various reconstruction methods are necessary.
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Nomura E, Okajima K. Function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Japan. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5888-5895. [PMID: 27468183 PMCID: PMC4948261 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery used to be the only therapy for gastric cancer, and since its ability to cure gastric cancer was the focus of attention, less attention was paid to function-preserving surgery in gastric cancer, though it was studied for gastroduodenal ulcer. Maki et al developed pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for gastric ulcer in 1967. At the same time, the definition of early gastric cancer (EGC) was being considered, histopathological investigations of EGC were carried out, and the validity of modified surgery was sustained. After the development of H2-blockers, the number of operations for gastroduodenal ulcers decreased, and the number of EGC patients increased simultaneously. As a result, the indications for pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for EGC in the middle third of the stomach extended, and various alterations were added. Since then, many kinds of function-preserving gastrectomies have been performed and studied in other fields of gastric cancer, and proximal gastrectomy, jejunal pouch interposition, segmental gastrectomy, and local resection have been performed. On the other hand, from the overall perspective, it can be said that endoscopic resection, which was launched at almost the same time, is the ultimate function-preserving surgery under the current circumstances. The current function-preserving gastrectomies that are often performed and studied are pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and proximal gastrectomy. The reasons for this are that these procedures that can be performed with systemic lymph node dissection, and they include three important elements: (1) reduction of the extent of gastrectomy; (2) preservation of the pylorus; and (3) preservation of the vagal nerve. In addition, these operations are more likely to be performed with a laparoscopic approach as minimally invasive surgery. Of the above-mentioned three elements, reduction of the extent of gastrectomy is the most important in our view. Therefore, we should try to reduce the extent of gastrectomy if curability of the gastric cancer can still be achieved. However, if we preserve a wider residual stomach in function-preserving gastrectomy, we should pay attention to the development of metachronous gastric cancer.
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Long-term Quality of Life After Distal Subtotal and Total Gastrectomy: Symptom- and Behavior-oriented Consequences. Ann Surg 2016; 263:738-44. [PMID: 26501699 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed long-term quality of life (QoL) after subtotal gastrectomy (STG) and total gastrectomy (TG) by comparing groups matched by a set of patient factors at and beyond postoperative 5 years. The cause of QoL gaps based on symptomatic and behavioral consequences of surgery were investigated. BACKGROUND Survivors after STG and TG were matched by a set of patient factors (age, sex, stage, chemotherapy, and postoperative period). QoL data were obtained from 53 and 36 pairs of survivors at and beyond postoperative 5 years, respectively. METHODS The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and QLQ-STO22 were used to assess QoL. QoL comparisons between STG and TG groups were made for 5-year survivors and long-term survivors. RESULTS Five-year survivors after TG showed significantly worse QoL in social functioning, nausea and vomiting, eating restrictions, and taste. For long-term survivors, QoL inferiority of the TG group was observed only in eating restrictions. Among 4 items constituting eating restrictions, the TG group tended to exhibit worse QoL in 2 items (enjoyable meals and social meals). CONCLUSIONS Although 5-year survivors after TG still suffer from QoL inferiority from symptomatic and behavioral consequences of surgery, inferiority from behavioral consequences will persist even after symptomatic inferiority to STG survivors is no longer valid. Efforts to ameliorate persistent QoL inferiority in TG survivors should be directed toward restoring dietary behaviors, where TG survivors are prevented from enjoyable meals and social meals.
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Kuroda S, Nishizaki M, Kikuchi S, Noma K, Tanabe S, Kagawa S, Shirakawa Y, Fujiwara T. Double-Flap Technique as an Antireflux Procedure in Esophagogastrostomy after Proximal Gastrectomy. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 223:e7-e13. [PMID: 27157920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishizaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Yang K, Bang HJ, Almadani ME, Dy-Abalajon DM, Kim YN, Roh KH, Lim SH, Son T, Kim HI, Noh SH, Hyung WJ. Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy with Double-Tract Reconstruction by Intracorporeal Anastomosis with Linear Staplers. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 222:e39-45. [PMID: 26968319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Robot and Minimal Invasive Surgery Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Jae Bang
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moneer E Almadani
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Robot and Minimal Invasive Surgery Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donna Marie Dy-Abalajon
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Robot and Minimal Invasive Surgery Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Na Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun Ho Roh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taeil Son
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Robot and Minimal Invasive Surgery Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea.
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A novel method of delta-shaped intracorporeal double-tract reconstruction in totally laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2015; 30:2396-403. [PMID: 26416371 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to depict a novel delta-shaped intracorporeal double-tract reconstruction (DT) for totally laparoscopic (TL) proximal gastrectomy (PG), and to evaluate its safety and feasibility by analyzing its surgical and postoperative outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 21 patients who underwent TLPG and TLDT (TLPG-DT) from January to December 2014 in our hospital. The data of clinicopathologic characteristics, surgical and postoperative outcomes, and follow-up findings were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The mean duration of the operation was 173.8 ± 21.8 min, including 27.8 ± 5.3 min of reconstruction. The blood loss was 109.2 ± 96.3 mL. The mean number of LNs dissected was 25.7 ± 4.7. The mean time of the first flatus was at postoperative day 2.3 ± 1.0, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.8 ± 2.5 days. The early complications rate was 9.5 %, including one intraperitoneal hemorrhage and one pulmonary infection (both were managed through conservative methods and no re-operation occurred). The rate of complications in late stage was also 9.5 %, including one diarrhea and one reflux symptom claim. Among the total 21 cases, 17 patients were followed up more than 6 months, showing no signs of reflux esophagitis or anastomotic stenosis. The mean weight loss in 3 and 6 months after the operation was 4.3 and 5.7 %, respectively. CONCLUSION Totally laparoscopic delta-shaped intracorporeal double-tract reconstruction is a safe, feasible and minimally invasive reconstruction method with excellent postoperative outcomes in terms of preventing reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stenosis. TLPG-DT might serve as a promising treatment for proximal gastric cancer of early stage.
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Xiao JW, Liu ZL, Ye PC, Luo YJ, Fu ZM, Zou Q, Wei SJ. Clinical comparison of antrum-preserving double tract reconstruction vs roux-en-Y reconstruction after gastrectomy for Siewert types II and III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9999-10007. [PMID: 26379405 PMCID: PMC4566393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore a reasonable method of digestive tract reconstruction, namely, antrum-preserving double-tract reconstruction (ADTR), for patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) and to assess its efficacy and safety in terms of long-term survival, complications, morbidity and mortality.
METHODS: A total of 55 cases were retrospectively collected, including 18 cases undergoing ADTR and 37 cases of Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RY) for AEG (Siewert types II and III) at North Sichuan Medical College. The cases were divided into two groups. The clinicopathological characteristics, perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications, morbidity and overall survival (OS) were compared for the two different reconstruction methods.
RESULTS: Basic characteristics including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), Siewert type, pT status, pN stage, and lymph node metastasis were similar in the two groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of perioperative outcomes (including the length of postoperative hospital stay, operating time, and intraoperative blood loss) and postoperative complications (consisting of anastomosis-related complications, wound infection, respiratory infection, pleural effusion, lymphorrhagia, and cholelithiasis). For the ADTR group, perioperative recovery indexes such as time to first flatus (P = 0.002) and time to resuming a liquid diet (P = 0.001) were faster than those for the RY group. Moreover, the incidence of reflux esophagitis was significantly decreased compared with the RY group (P = 0.048). The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates for overall postoperative complications and the rates of tumor recurrence and metastasis were not significantly different between the two groups. Survival curves plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test demonstrated similar outcomes for the ADTR and RY groups. Multivariate analysis of significantly different factors that presented as covariates on Cox regression analysis to assess the survival and recurrence among AEG patients showed that age, gender, BMI, pleural effusion, time to resuming a liquid diet, lymphorrhagia and tumor-node-metastasis stage were important prognostic factors for OS of AEG patients, whereas the selection of surgical method between ADTR and RY was shown to be a similar prognostic factor for OS of AEG patients.
CONCLUSION: ADTR by jejunal interposition presents similar rates of tumor recurrence, metastasis and long-term survival compared with classical reconstruction with RY esophagojejunostomy; however, it offers considerably improved near-term quality of life, especially in terms of early recovery and decreased reflux esophagitis. Thus, ADTR is recommended as a worthwhile digestive tract reconstruction method for Siewert types II and III AEG.
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68
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Jung DH, Ahn SH, Park DJ, Kim HH. Proximal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2015; 15:77-86. [PMID: 26161281 PMCID: PMC4496445 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2015.15.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) is theoretically a superior choice of minimally-invasive surgery and function-preserving surgery for the treatment of proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) over procedures such as laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG), open total gastrectomy (OTG) and open proximal gastrectomy (OPG). However, LPG and OPG are not popular surgical options due to three main concerns: the first, oncological safety; the second, functional benefits; and the third, anastomosis-related late complications (reflux symptoms and anastomotic stricture). Numerous recent studies have concluded that OPG and LPG present similar oncological safety profiles and improved functional benefits when compared with OTG and LTG. While OPG with modified esophagogastrostomy does not provide satisfactory results, OPG with modified esophagojejunostomy showed similar rates of anastomosis-related late complications when compared to OTG. At this stage, no standard reconstruction method post-LPG exists in the clinical setting. We recently showed that LPG with double tract reconstruction (DTR) is a superior choice over LTG for proximal EGC in terms of maintaining body weight and preventing anemia. However, as there is no definitive evidence in favor of LPG with DTR, a randomized clinical trial comparing LPG with DTR to LTG was recommended. This trial, the Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study-05 (NCT01433861), is expected to assist surgeons in choice of surgical approach and strategy for patients with proximal EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Nakamura M, Yamaue H. Reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach: a review of the literature published from 2000 to 2014. Surg Today 2015; 46:517-27. [PMID: 25987497 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is occasionally performed to preserve the physiological function of the remnant stomach with the aim of maintaining a gastric reservoir for patients with early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach. Many reconstructive procedures after PG have been reported, including esophagogastrostomy (EG), jejunal interposition, jejunal pouch interposition, and double tract. However, no general agreement exists regarding the optimal reconstructive procedure. This article reviews the current reconstructive procedures available for PG. We examined the surgical outcomes, postoperative complications, endoscopic findings, and quality of life (QOL) according to the reconstructive procedures. We found no significant difference in anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stricture among the procedures. The frequency of reflux esophagitis was higher with simple EG compared with the other reconstructive procedures. Some additional procedures, such as fundoplication, the use of a narrow gastric conduit, and placement of a gastric tube in the lower mediastinum on EG, could decrease the frequency of reflux esophagitis and reflux symptoms. These additional procedures may improve the QOL; however, the previous studies were small and could not adequately compare the reconstructive procedures. Prospective randomized controlled trials that involve a longer trial period and more institutions are needed to clarify the optimal reconstructive procedures after PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nakamura
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
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Saito T, Kurokawa Y, Takiguchi S, Mori M, Doki Y. Current status of function-preserving surgery for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17297-17304. [PMID: 25516640 PMCID: PMC4265587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have allowed the diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) at an early stage. Due to the low incidence of lymph node metastasis and favorable prognosis in early GC, function-preserving surgery which improves postoperative quality of life may be possible. Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) is one such function-preserving procedure, which is expected to offer advantages with regards to dumping syndrome, bile reflux gastritis, and the frequency of flatus, although PPG may induce delayed gastric emptying. Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is another function-preserving procedure, which is thought to be advantageous in terms of decreased duodenogastric reflux and good food reservoir function in the remnant stomach, although the incidence of heartburn or gastric fullness associated with this procedure is high. However, these disadvantages may be overcome by the reconstruction method used. The other important problem after PG is remnant GC, which was reported to occur in approximately 5% of patients. Therefore, the reconstruction technique used with PG should facilitate postoperative endoscopic examinations for early detection and treatment of remnant gastric carcinoma. Oncologic safety seems to be assured in both procedures, if the preoperative diagnosis is accurate. Patient selection should be carefully considered. Although many retrospective studies have demonstrated the utility of function-preserving surgery, no consensus on whether to adopt function-preserving surgery as the standard of care has been reached. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate survival and postoperative quality of life associated with function-preserving surgery.
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