51
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Al-Zubaidi U, Liu J, Cinar O, Robker RL, Adhikari D, Carroll J. The spatio-temporal dynamics of mitochondrial membrane potential during oocyte maturation. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:695-705. [PMID: 31579926 PMCID: PMC6884418 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and their distribution, structure and activity affect a wide range of cellular functions. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) is an indicator of mitochondrial activity and plays a major role in ATP production, redox balance, signaling and metabolism. Despite the absolute reliance of oocyte and early embryo development on mitochondrial function, there is little known about the spatial and temporal aspects of ΔΨm during oocyte maturation. The one exception is that previous findings using a ΔΨm indicator, JC-1, report that mitochondria in the cortex show a preferentially increased ΔΨm, relative to the rest of the cytoplasm. Using live-cell imaging and a new ratiometric approach for measuring ΔΨm in mouse oocytes, we find that ΔΨm increases through the time course of oocyte maturation and that mitochondria in the vicinity of the first meiotic spindle show an increase in ΔΨm, compared to other regions of the cytoplasm. We find no evidence for an elevated ΔΨm in the oocyte cortex. These findings suggest that mitochondrial activity is adaptive and responsive to the events of oocyte maturation at both a global and local level. In conclusion, we have provided a new approach to reliably measure ΔΨm that has shed new light onto the spatio-temporal regulation of mitochondrial function in oocytes and early embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Al-Zubaidi
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Applied Embryology Department, High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jun Liu
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ozgur Cinar
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rebecca L Robker
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Carroll
- Development and Stem Cell Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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52
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Stryhn JKG, Larsen J, Pedersen PL, Feldthusen AD, Kvetny J, Gæde PH. Mitochondrial energetics and contents evaluated by flow cytometry in human maternal and umbilical cord blood. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2020; 80:351-359. [PMID: 32468866 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2020.1768584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction may relate to metabolic disorders. The relation between maternal and fetal mitochondrial function needs attention due to heritage.Objectives: To evaluate the use of the staining methods TetraMethylRhodamine Methyl Ester (TMRM) and Mitotracker Green (MTG) for flow cytometric measurements of umbilical cord blood mitochondrial function. Methods: 53 euthyroid at-term pregnant women and their offspring were included by blood collections. The offspring had blood drawn from the clamped umbilical cord. Flow cytometry with MTG, TMRM and Propidium Iodide were performed the following day. A cell count (antibody coating and flow cytometry) was performed for 9 maternal and cord samples. As a quality control, blood of 32 healthy donors was evaluated by flow cytometric analyzes same day as sampling and the following day to test stability of the measurements.Results: Cord mitochondrial measurements were lower than maternal. Maternal and cord mitochondrial function were positively correlated, especially reflected by MTG fluorescence-intensity (FI). Samples stored presented with very changed fluorescence patterns. However, the fluorescence intensity ratios MTG/TMRM of stained white blood cells were related within same day measurements, depicting an extensive and common bioenergetic cellular change.Conclusion: Cord blood flow cytometry by MTG- and TMRM- staining is possible with fluorescence intensity positively correlated to maternal fluorescence intensity. Storage of blood triggers mitochondrial dynamics. The methods are applicable with certain reservations, and they benefit from their non-invasive character compared to mitochondrial evaluation by muscle-biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Guldberg Stryhn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.,Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Larsen
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Palle Lyngsie Pedersen
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Kvetny
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Peter Haulund Gæde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Internal Medicine, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
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53
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Cheong A, Archambault D, Degani R, Iverson E, Tremblay KD, Mager J. Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are required to initiate gastrulation. Development 2020; 147:dev.188714. [PMID: 32376682 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for energy production and although they have their own genome, many nuclear-encoded mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) are required for proper function of the organelle. Although mutations in MRPs have been associated with human diseases, little is known about their role during development. Presented here are the null phenotypes for 21 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins and in-depth characterization of mouse embryos mutant for the Mrp genes Mrpl3, Mrpl22, Mrpl44, Mrps18c and Mrps22 Loss of each MRP results in successful implantation and egg-cylinder formation, followed by severe developmental delay and failure to initiate gastrulation by embryonic day 7.5. The robust and similar single knockout phenotypes are somewhat surprising given there are over 70 MRPs and suggest little functional redundancy. Metabolic analysis reveals that Mrp knockout embryos produce significantly less ATP than controls, indicating compromised mitochondrial function. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses indicate abnormal organelle morphology and stalling at the G2/M checkpoint in Mrp null cells. The nearly identical pre-gastrulation phenotype observed for many different nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein knockouts hints that distinct energy systems are crucial at specific time points during mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Cheong
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Danielle Archambault
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rinat Degani
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Elizabeth Iverson
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kimberly D Tremblay
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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54
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Maside C, Martinez CA, Cambra JM, Lucas X, Martinez EA, Gil MA, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Parrilla I, Cuello C. Supplementation with exogenous coenzyme Q10 to media for in vitro maturation and embryo culture fails to promote the developmental competence of porcine embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 54 Suppl 4:72-77. [PMID: 31625244 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant with critical protection role against cell oxidative stress, caused by the mitochondrial dysfunction. This study evaluated the effects of CoQ10 supplementation to in vitro maturation (IVM) or embryo culture media on the maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryonic development of pig oocytes and embryos. Maturation (Experiment 1) or embryo culture (Experiment 2) media were supplemented with 0 (control), 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM CoQ10. The addition of 10-50 μM CoQ10 to the IVM medium did not affect the percentage of MII oocytes nor the fertilization or the parameters of subsequent embryonic development. Exogenous CoQ10 in the culture medium neither did affect the development to the 2-4-cell stage nor rates of blastocyst formation. Moreover, the highest concentration of CoQ10 (100 μM) in the maturation medium negatively affected blastocyst rates. In conclusion, exogenous CoQ10 supplementation of maturation or embryo culture media failed to improve the outcomes of our in vitro embryo production system and its use as an exogenous antioxidant should not be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maside
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristina A Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), BHK/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Josep M Cambra
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xiomara Lucas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Antonia Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), BHK/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuello
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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55
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Zhang JJ, Liu X, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Hao C, Miao YL. Advanced maternal age alters expression of maternal effect genes that are essential for human oocyte quality. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3950-3961. [PMID: 32096767 PMCID: PMC7066876 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of maternal age on the quality of oocytes, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to detect global gene transcriptome and identify key genes affected by advanced age in human mature oocytes. We isolated mRNA from mature oocytes obtained from IVF or ICSI patients (three oocytes from younger (≤30 years) and three oocytes from older (≥40 years) patients for scRNA-seq. We identified 357 genes differentially expressed between matured oocytes from older and younger women's. The up-regulated genes were significantly enriched with annotations related to transcriptional activation, oxidative stress and immune function, while down-regulated genes were enriched with catalytic activity. The key candidate gene TOP2B was found by protein interaction network analysis, and knockdown verification on younger mouse matured oocytes showed that TOP2B was a key gene affecting the oocyte quality and early embryo development. These results will contribute new knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of female ovary aging and establish a criterion to evaluate the quality of oocytes in women with advanced maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shouxin Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Veterinary Medicine Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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56
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Abstract
As women delay childbearing because of demographic and socioeconomic trends, reproductive aging and ensuing ovarian dysfunction become increasingly more prevalent causes of infertility. Age-related decline in fertility is characterized by both quantitative and qualitative deterioration of the ovarian reserve. Importantly, disorders of aging are frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, as are impaired oogenesis and embryogenesis. Ongoing research explores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian aging, and potential ways to exploit mitochondrial mechanisms to slow down or reverse age-related changes in female gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Seli
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, New Jersey
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57
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Yang L, Wang Q, Cui M, Li Q, Mu S, Zhao Z. Effect of Melatonin on the In Vitro Maturation of Porcine Oocytes, Development of Parthenogenetically Activated Embryos, and Expression of Genes Related to the Oocyte Developmental Capability. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020209. [PMID: 32012669 PMCID: PMC7070577 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exogenous melatonin has beneficial effects on improving cumulus oophorus expansion; mitochondrial distribution; intracellular level of glutathione; and first polar body extrusion rate of porcine oocytes derived from in vitro maturation. Moreover; melatonin supplementation increases relative abundances of BMP15 and CAT mRNA; and decreases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species; and expression values of P53 and BAX genes; which are related to in vitro development of porcine oocytes. Abstract Melatonin treatment can improve quality and in vitro development of porcine oocytes, but the mechanism of improving quality and developmental competence is not fully understood. In this study, porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM199 medium with non-treated (control), 10−5 M luzindole (melatonin receptor antagonist), 10−5 M melatonin, and melatonin + luzindole during in vitro maturation, and parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos were treated with nothing (control), or 10−5 M melatonin. Cumulus oophorus expansion, oocyte survival rate, first polar body extrusion rate, mitochondrial distribution, and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione of oocytes, and cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of the PA embryos were assessed. In addition, expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), tumor protein p53 (P53), BCL2 associated X protein (BAX), catalase (CAT), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The results revealed that melatonin treatment not only improved the first polar body extrusion rate and cumulus expansion of oocytes via melatonin receptors, but also enhanced the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation of PA embryos. Additionally, melatonin treatment significantly increased intraooplasmic level of glutathione independently of melatonin receptors. Furthermore, melatonin supplementation not only significantly enhanced mitochondrial distribution and relative abundances of BMP15 and CAT mRNA, but also decreased intracellular level of ROS and relative abundances of P53 and BAX mRNA of the oocytes. In conclusion, melatonin enhanced the quality and in vitro development of porcine oocytes, which may be related to antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China; (L.Y.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qingkai Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China; (L.Y.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China; (Q.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Maosheng Cui
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China; (Q.L.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qianjun Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China; (Q.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Shuqin Mu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China; (Q.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Zimo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China; (L.Y.); (Q.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China; (Q.L.); (S.M.)
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58
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Shafiei G, Almasi M, Nikzad H, Miyan J, Mahabadi JA, Moshkdanian G. l-carnitine reduces the adverse effects of ROS and up-regulates the expression of implantation related genes in in vitro developed mouse embryos. Theriogenology 2020; 145:59-66. [PMID: 31986302 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro developed embryos are inevitably exposed to various reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may decrease the embryo's competence in assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. Optimization of embryo culture media using antioxidant agents could help to improve embryo quality and could overcome failures in current ART. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of l-carnitine (LC), an enhancer of mitochondrial activity and free radical scavenger, in culture media on early embryo competence and expression of ErbB1 and ErbB4 implantation related genes. Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in the following four conditions: 1. LC group in media containing LC; 2.H 2O2 group exposed to H2O2 for 30 min and then transferred into a simple media; 3.H2O2+LC group exposed to H2O2 for 30 min and then transferred into a simple media containing LC; 4.the control group kept throughout in simple media. All groups were allowed to develop until the blastocyst stage. ErbB1 and ErbB4 expression were evaluated by Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. The expression of Sirt3 gene was also evaluated. Intracellular ROS levels were examined by DCFH-DA fluorescence intensity. In order to assess the morphological quality of the embryos, ICM and OCM number blastocyst cells were evaluated by using Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining. ErbB1, ErbB4, ROS levels and cell number were compared across all in vitro groups. Our data reveal that LC significantly increases ErbB1 and ErbB4 gene and protein expression with intracellular ROS levels and Sirt3 gene expression significantly decreased after LC treatment. It is worth noting that an elevated cell number was observed in the LC-treated group compared with the other groups suggesting increased viability and/or proliferation. Our findings suggest that the use of LC could be helpful to improve preimplantation embryo culture media through its effects in decreasing ROS levels and the increase of implantation-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Shafiei
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Almasi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jaleel Miyan
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Moshkdanian
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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59
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Fontana J, Martínková S, Petr J, Žalmanová T, Trnka J. Metabolic cooperation in the ovarian follicle. Physiol Res 2019; 69:33-48. [PMID: 31854191 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cells (GCs) are somatic cells essential for establishing and maintaining bi-directional communication with the oocytes. This connection has a profound importance for the delivery of energy substrates, structural components and ions to the maturing oocyte through gap junctions. Cumulus cells, group of closely associated GCs, surround the oocyte and can diminished the effect of harmful environmental insults. Both GCs and oocytes prefer different energy substrates in their cellular metabolism: GCs are more glycolytic, whereas oocytes rely more on oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The interconnection of these cells is emphasized by the fact that GCs supply oocytes with intermediates produced in glycolysis. The number of GCs surrounding the oocyte and their age affect the energy status of oocytes. This review summarises available studies collaboration of cellular types in the ovarian follicle from the point of view of energy metabolism, signaling and protection of toxic insults. A deeper knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for better methods to prevent and treat infertility and to improve the technology of in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fontana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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60
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Qi L, Chen X, Wang J, Lv B, Zhang J, Ni B, Xue Z. Mitochondria: the panacea to improve oocyte quality? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:789. [PMID: 32042805 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte quality is one of the most important factors involving in female reproduction. The number of compromised oocytes will increase with maternal age, while mitochondrial dysfunction has implicated in age-related poor oocyte. Together with the successful application of ooplasmic transfer (OT) and the critical role of mitochondria in the oocyte, functional mitochondria transfer may be a feasible strategy to improve oocyte quality. However, limitation on ethics and laws are strictly and optimal condition or methods to exert transferring need to be further explored. Therefore, the role of oocyte mitochondria and the effective molecular involving in oocyte quality will be hot topics in next few years. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanism of mitochondria in oocyte and embryo development and discuss the next step for mitochondrial transfer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Qi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bin Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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61
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Mobarak H, Heidarpour M, Tsai PSJ, Rezabakhsh A, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M, Mahdipour M. Autologous mitochondrial microinjection; a strategy to improve the oocyte quality and subsequent reproductive outcome during aging. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:95. [PMID: 31798829 PMCID: PMC6884882 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the decline in oocyte quality, numerous defects such as mitochondrial insufficiency and the increase of mutation and deletion have been reported in oocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following aging. Any impairments in oocyte mitochondrial function have negative effects on the reproduction and pregnancy outcome. It has been stated that infertility problems caused by poor quality oocytes in women with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and repeated pregnancy failures are associated with aging and could be overcome by transferring large amounts of healthy mitochondria. Hence, researches on biology, disease, and the therapeutic use of mitochondria continue to introduce some clinical approaches such as autologous mitochondrial transfer techniques. Following mitochondrial transfer, the amount of ATP required for aged-oocyte during fertilization, blastocyst formation, and subsequent embryonic development could be an alternative modality. These modulations improve the pregnancy outcome in women of high reproductive aging as well. In addition to overview the clinical studies using mitochondrial microinjection, this study provides a framework for future approaches to develop effective treatments and preventions of congenital transmission of mitochondrial DNA mutations/diseases to offspring. Mitochondrial transfer from ovarian cells and healthy oocytes could lead to improved fertility outcome in low-quality oocytes. The modulation of mitochondrial bioactivity seems to regulate basal metabolism inside target oocytes and thereby potentiate physiological activity of these cells while overcoming age-related infertility in female germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Mobarak
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidarpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pei-Shiue Jason Tsai
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research, National Taiwan University/NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University/NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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62
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Marsico TV, de Camargo J, Valente RS, Sudano MJ. Embryo competence and cryosurvival: Molecular and cellular features. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:423-439. [PMID: 32435286 PMCID: PMC7234140 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cattle genetic market is experiencing a change of strategy, large genetic companies, traditionally recognized in the artificial insemination field, have also begun to operate in the embryo market. Consequently, the demand for in vitro produced (IVP) embryos has grown. However, the overall efficiency of the biotechnology process remains low. Additionally, the lack of homogeneity of post-cryopreservation survival results of IVP embryos still impairing a massive dissemination of this biotechnology in the field. A great challenge for in vitro production labs is to increase the amount of embryos produced with exceptional quality after each round of in vitro fertilization. Herein, we discuss the molecular and cellular features associated with the competence and cryosurvival of IVP embryos. First, morphofunctional, cellular and molecular competence of the embryos were addressed and a relationship between embryo developmental ability and quality were established with cryosurvival and pregnancy success. Additionally, determinant factors of embryo competence and cryosurvival were discussed including the following effects: genotype, oocyte quality and follicular microenvironment, in vitro production conditions, and lipids and other determining molecules. Finally, embryo cryopreservation aspects were addressed and an embryo-focused approach to improve cryosurvival was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris V. Marsico
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
| | - Janine de Camargo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil.
| | - Roniele S. Valente
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
| | - Mateus J. Sudano
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil.
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63
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Zhu JL, Chen Z, Feng WJ, Long SL, Mo ZC. Sex hormone-binding globulin and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:142-148. [PMID: 31525346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine diseases that causes infertility in reproductive women, is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM), and most women with PCOS have metabolic abnormalities. A reduction in plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a transport carrier that binds estrogen and androgens and regulates their biological activities, is often used as an indicator of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. Low serum SHBG levels are considered a biomarker of abnormal metabolism and are related to insulin resistance (IR), compensatory hyperinsulinemia and abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism in PCOS patients. SHBG is also associated with the long-term prognosis of PCOS. SHBG gene polymorphism is correlated with the risk of PCOS. As SHBG plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of PCOS, knowledge regarding its role in PCOS is helpful for further understanding the molecular mechanism of SHBG in PCOS development and providing new ideas for the treatment of female infertility. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) is a vital transcription factor in the SHBG synthesis process. HNF-4α binds to the cis-type element DR1 in the SHBG promoter to initiate transcription and regulates hepatic SHBG levels by modulating glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors. However, it remains unclear whether HNF-4α is indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS via regulation of hepatic SHBG synthesis. Therefore, this review discusses the interaction between SHBG and the various complications of PCOS as well as the regulatory effect of HNF-4α on SHBG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ling Zhu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China
| | - Wen-Jie Feng
- 2015 Grade Medical Imaging Class of Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuang-Lian Long
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China.
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China.
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64
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Ma H, Martin K, Dixon D, Hernandez AG, Weber GM. Transcriptome analysis of egg viability in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:319. [PMID: 31029084 PMCID: PMC6486991 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal transcripts are accumulated in the oocyte during oogenesis to provide for protein synthesis from oocyte maturation through early embryonic development, when nuclear transcription is silenced. The maternal mRNAs have short poly(A) tails after undergoing post-transcriptional processing necessary for stabilizing them for storage. The transcripts undergo cytoplasmic polyadenylation when they are to be translated. Transcriptome analyses comparing total mRNA and elongated poly(A) mRNA content among eggs of different quality can provide insight into molecular mechanisms affecting egg developmental competence in rainbow trout. The present study used RNA-seq to compare transcriptomes of unfertilized eggs of rainbow trout females yielding different eyeing rates, following rRNA removal and poly(A) retention for construction of the libraries. Results The percentage of embryos to reach the 32-cell stage at 24 h post fertilization was significantly correlated to family eyeing rate, indicating that inviable embryos were developmentally compromised before zygotic genome activation. RNA sequencing identified 2 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) from total mRNA sequencing comparing females with low-quality (< 5% eyeing), medium-quality (30–50% eyeing), and high-quality (> 80% eyeing) eggs. In contrast, RNA sequencing from poly(A) captured transcripts identified 945 DETs between low- and high-quality eggs, 1012 between low- and medium-quality eggs, and only 2 between medium- and high-quality eggs. The transcripts of mitochondrial genes were enriched with polyadenylated transcript sequencing and they were significantly reduced in low-quality eggs. Similarly, mitochondrial DNA was reduced in low-quality eggs compared with medium- and high-quality eggs. The functional gene analysis classified the 945 DETs between low- and high-quality eggs into 31 functional modules, many of which were related to ribosomal and mitochondrial functions. Other modules involved transcription, translation, cell division, apoptosis, and immune responses. Conclusions Our results indicate that differences in egg quality may be derived from differences in maternal nuclear transcript activation and cytoplasmic polyadenylation before ovulation, as opposed to accumulation and storage of maternal nuclear transcripts during oogenesis. Transcriptome comparisons suggest low-quality eggs suffered from impaired oxidative phosphorylation and translation. The DETs identified in this study provide insight into developmental competence in rainbow trout eggs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5690-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- USDA/ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory M Weber
- USDA/ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
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65
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Jindal UN. Mid-life fertility: Challenges & policy planning. Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:S15-S26. [PMID: 30964078 PMCID: PMC6469367 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_647_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the challenges, priority areas of research and planning, strategies for regulation of services and the need to develop guidelines and laws for fertility treatments during mid-life. The success rate of all treatments is poor in advanced age women because of declining ovarian reserve and natural fertility. There is often a need of third-party involvement which has its own ethical, legal and medical issues. Welfare of children born to older women and early death of parents are important concerns. Most of the new techniques such as the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, oocyte augmentation, use of stem cells or artificial gametes, ovarian tissue preservation and ovarian transplantation are directed to improve, preserve or replace the declining ovarian reserve. These techniques are costly and have limited availability, safety and efficacy data. Continued research and policies are required to keep pace with these techniques. The other important issues include the patients’ personal autonomy and right of self-determination, welfare of offspring, public vs. private funding for research and development of new technologies vs. indiscriminate use of unproven technology. It is important that mid-life fertility is recognized as a distinct area of human reproduction requiring special considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh N Jindal
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Jindal IVF & Sant Memorial Nursing Home, Chandigarh, India
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66
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Wang ZB, Hao JX, Meng TG, Guo L, Dong MZ, Fan LH, Ouyang YC, Wang G, Sun QY, Ou XH, Yao YQ. Transfer of autologous mitochondria from adipose tissue-derived stem cells rescues oocyte quality and infertility in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 9:2480-2488. [PMID: 29283885 PMCID: PMC5764387 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elder women suffer from low or loss of fertility because of decreasing oocyte quality as maternal aging. As energy resource, mitochondria play pivotal roles in oocyte development, determining oocyte quality. With advanced maternal age, increased dysfunctions emerge in oocyte mitochondria, which decrease oocyte quality and its developmental potential. Mitochondria supplement as a possible strategy for improving egg quality has been in debate due to ethnic problems. Heterogeneity is an intractable problem even transfer of germinal vesicle, spindle, pronuclei or polar body is employed. We proposed that the autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) mitochondria could improve the fertility in aged mice. We found that autologous ADSC mitochondria could promote oocyte quality, embryo development and fertility in aged mice, which may provide a promising strategy for treatment of low fertility or infertility in elder women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Xiu Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li-Hua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- The Core Facilities at School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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67
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Proteomic changes in oocytes after in vitro maturation in lipotoxic conditions are different from those in cumulus cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3673. [PMID: 30842615 PMCID: PMC6403224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal lipolytic metabolic disorders result in a lipotoxic microenvironment in the ovarian follicular fluid (FF) which deteriorates oocyte quality. Although cellular stress response mechanisms are well defined in somatic cells, they remain largely unexplored in oocytes, which have distinct organelle structure and nuclear transcription patterns. Here we used shotgun proteomic analyses to study cellular responses of bovine oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) after in vitro maturation under lipotoxic conditions; in the presence of pathophysiological palmitic acid (PA) concentration as a model. Differentially regulated proteins (DRPs) were mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nuclei of CCs and oocytes, however the DRPs and their direction of change were cell-type specific. Proteomic changes in PA-exposed CCs were predominantly pro-apoptotic unfolded protein responses (UPRs), mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions, and apoptotic pathways. This was also functionally confirmed. Interestingly, although the oocytes were enclosed by CCs during PA exposure, elevated cellular stress levels were also evident. However, pro-survival UPRs, redox regulatory and compensatory metabolic mechanisms were prominent despite evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and reduced subsequent embryo development. The data provides a unique insight that enriches the understanding of the cellular stress responses in metabolically-compromised oocytes and forms a fundamental base to identify new targets for fertility treatments as discussed within.
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68
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Labarta E, de Los Santos MJ, Escribá MJ, Pellicer A, Herraiz S. Mitochondria as a tool for oocyte rejuvenation. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:219-226. [PMID: 30611551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian aging leads to a decrease in the quantity and quality of oocytes. Aged oocytes have significantly reduced amounts of mitochondria, the energy factories of cells, leading to lower fertilization rates and poor embryonic development. Various techniques have tried to use heterologous or autologous sources of mitochondria to reestablish oocyte health by providing more energy. However, heterologous sources are no longer used owing to the known risk of heteroplasmy. Although autologous methods have recently been tested in humans, they have not shown a clear improvement in embryo quality. In this review, we describe the techniques that have been tested in recent years to provide a state of the art on oocyte rejuvenation through extra injection of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Labarta
- IVI-RMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain; IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Herraiz
- IVI-RMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain; IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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69
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Ubaldi FM, Cimadomo D, Vaiarelli A, Fabozzi G, Venturella R, Maggiulli R, Mazzilli R, Ferrero S, Palagiano A, Rienzi L. Advanced Maternal Age in IVF: Still a Challenge? The Present and the Future of Its Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30842755 PMCID: PMC6391863 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced maternal age (AMA; >35 year) is associated with a decline in both ovarian reserve and oocyte competence. At present, no remedies are available to counteract the aging-related fertility decay, however different therapeutic approaches can be offered to women older than 35 year undergoing IVF. This review summarizes the main current strategies proposed for the treatment of AMA: (i) oocyte cryopreservation to conduct fertility preservation for medical reasons or "social freezing" for non-medical reasons, (ii) personalized controlled ovarian stimulation to maximize the exploitation of the ovarian reserve in each patient, (iii) enhancement of embryo selection via blastocyst-stage preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies and frozen single embryo transfer, or (iv) oocyte donation in case of minimal/null residual chance of pregnancy. Future strategies and tools are in the pipeline that might minimize the risks of AMA through non-invasive approaches for embryo selection (e.g., molecular analyses of leftover products of IVF, such as spent culture media). These are yet challenging but potentially ground-breaking perspectives promising a lower clinical workload with a higher cost-effectiveness. We also reviewed emerging experimental therapeutic approaches to attempt at restoring maternal reproductive potential, e.g., spindle-chromosomal complex, pronuclear or mitochondrial transfer, and chromosome therapy. In vitro generation of gametes is also an intriguing challenge for the future. Lastly, since infertility is a social issue, social campaigns, and education among future generations are desirable to promote the awareness of the impact of age and lifestyle habits upon fertility. This should be a duty of the clinical operators in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Maria Ubaldi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Cimadomo
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Danilo Cimadomo
| | - Alberto Vaiarelli
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Fabozzi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Venturella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Maggiulli
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Ferrero
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Palagiano
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Reproductive Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Laura Rienzi
- Clinica Valle Giulia, G.en.e.r.a. Centers for Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
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70
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Lledo B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, García-Hernández E, Ten J, Bernabeu A, Llácer J, Bernabeu R. Comprehensive mitochondrial DNA analysis and IVF outcome. Hum Reprod Open 2018; 2018:hoy023. [PMID: 30895263 PMCID: PMC6396640 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and heteroplasmy in human embryos affect the ongoing pregnancy rate? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study suggests that mtDNA copy number above a specific threshold is associated with the ongoing pregnancy rate. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mitochondria play a vital role in cell function. Recently, there has been increasing research on mtDNA as a biomarker of embryo implantation. Although reports showed that high levels of mtDNA in the blastocyst are associated with low implantation potential, other publications were unable to confirm this. Confounding factors may influence the mtDNA copy number in euploid embryos. On the other hand it has been speculated that both mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number contribute to mitochondrial function. Next generation sequencing (NGS) allows us to study in depth mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number simultaneously. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective non-selection study was performed. We included 159 blastocyst biopsies from 142 couples who attended our clinic for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A), from January 2017 to December 2017. All embryos were biopsied on Day 5 or Day 6. The aneuploid testing was performed by NGS. All blastocysts were diagnosed as euploid non-mosaic and were transferred. The mtDNA analysis was performed once the embryo diagnosis was known. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sequencing reads mapping to the mtDNA genome were extracted from indexed bam files to identify copy number and heteroplasmy. The relative measure of mtDNA copy number was calculated by dividing the mtDNA reads by the nuclear DNA value to normalize for technical variants and the number of cells collected at the biopsy. All the results were subjected to a mathematical correction factor according to the embryo genome. Heteroplasmy was assigned by MitoSeek. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The mean average copy number and SD of mtDNA per genome was 0.0016 ± 0.0012. Regarding heteroplasmy, 40 embryos were heteroplasmy carriers (26.32%). MtDNA variants were detected in coding and non-coding regions and the highest number of variants in an embryo was eight. With respect to IVF outcome for mtDNA copy number analysis, we set a threshold of 0.003 for the following analysis. The vast majority of the embryos were below the threshold (142/159, 89.31%) and 17 embryos were classified as having higher mtDNA levels. We showed a reduction in ongoing pregnancy rate associated with elevated mtDNA copy number (42.96% versus 17.65%, P < 0.05). This result was independent of maternal age and day of the biopsy: these factors were included as confounding factors because mtDNA copy number was negatively correlated with female age (25 –30 y: 0.0017 ± 0.0011, 30 –35 y: 0.0012 ± 0.0007, 35 –40 y: 0.0016 ± 0.0009, over 40 y: 0.0024 + 0.0017, P < 0.05). Embryos biopsied on Day 5 were more likely to have higher quantities of mtDNA compared with those biopsied on Day 6 (0.0017 versus 0.0009, P < 0.001). According to IVF outcome and heteroplasmy, a lower ongoing pregnancy rate was reported for embryos that carried more than two variants. However, this did not reach statistical significance when we compared embryos with a number of variants lower or higher than two (39.15 versus 20.0, P = 0.188). Finally, a clear positive association between the mtDNA variants and copy number was reported when we compare embryos with or without heteroplasmy (0.0013 ± 0.0009 versus 0.0025 ± 0.0014, P < 0.001) and among different numbers of variants (0:0.0013 ± 0.0009, 1–2:0.0023 ± 0.0012, >2:0.0043 ± 0.0014, P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A limitation may be the size of the sample and the high-throughput sequencing technology that might not have detected heteroplasmy levels below 2% which requires high sequence depth A clinical randomized trial comparing the clinical outcome after the transfer of embryos selected according to mtDNA levels or only by morphological evaluation will be necessary. More research into the impact of mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number on IVF outcome is needed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that embryos with elevated mtDNA copy number have a lower chance of producing an ongoing pregnancy. MtDNA copy number is higher in older women and is dependent upon the number of cell divisions that preceded biopsy. Moreover, our data suggest that mitochondrial activity could be a balance between functional capacity and relative mtDNA copy number. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) There are no conflicts of interest or sources of funding to declare. Trial registration number Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lledo
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - J A Ortiz
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - R Morales
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - J Ten
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain
| | - J Llácer
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
| | - R Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu Biotech, 03016 Alicante, Spain.,Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain
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Wang L, Song S, Liu X, Zhang M, Xiang W. Low MFN2 expression related to ageing in granulosa cells is associated with assisted reproductive technology outcome. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 38:152-158. [PMID: 30593438 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is low MFN2 expression associated with ageing in granulosa cells as well as assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome, and what is the underlying mechanism of action of MFN2? DESIGN In a prospective study, fresh granulosa cells were obtained from 161 women aged 20-40 years who underwent IVF with embryo transfer and who were divided into two groups: the diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) group (n = 51) and the control group (n = 110). Patient characteristics including age, infertility duration, body mass index, FSH, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC) and husband's semen parameters and granulosa cell MFN2 expression levels, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP levels were analysed. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the DOR and control groups in terms of age, infertility duration and husband'' semen parameters; however, significant (P< 0.05) changes were found between the two groups in FSH, AMH and AFC levels. MFN2 expression was remarkably lower in granulosa cells from the DOR group and decreased in both groups as age increased. Furthermore, among young patients, MFN2 levels significantly increased in patients with pregnancy. MFN2 protein levels and cell apoptosis were lower in the MFN2 knockdown (MFN2-siRNA) group than in the control (Cy3-siRNA) group. ΔΨm and ATP levels were reduced in the MFN2-siRNA group compared with the Cy3-siRNA group. CONCLUSIONS Low MFN2 expression levels in granulosa cells were related to ageing, which may be involved in the clinical outcome of ART by promoting cell apoptosis and affecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Su Song
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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72
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Roura M, Catalá MG, Soto-Heras S, Hammami S, Izquierdo D, Fouladi-Nashta A, Paramio MT. Linoleic (LA) and linolenic (ALA) acid concentrations in follicular fluid of prepubertal goats and their effect on oocyte in vitro maturation and embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:286-296. [PMID: 28679464 DOI: 10.1071/rd17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we assessed the concentration of linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (ALA) in follicular fluid of prepubertal goats according to follicle size (<3mm or ≥3mm) by gas chromatography and tested the addition of different LA and ALA (LA:ALA) concentration ratios (50:50, 100:50 and 200:50µM) to the IVM medium on embryo development, mitochondrial activity, ATP concentration and relative gene expression (RPL19, ribosomal protein L19; SLC2A1, facilitated glucose transporter 1; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4; GPX1, glutathione peroxidase 1; HSPA5, heat-shock protein family A 70 kDa; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 1; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1). Oocytes were in vitro matured, fertilised or parthenogenetically activated and zygotes were cultured following conventional protocols. LA concentration ranged from 247 to 319µM and ALA concentration from 8.39 to 41.19µM without any effect of follicle size. Blastocyst production from the different groups was: control FCS (22.33%) and BSA (19.63%), treatments 50:50 (22.58%), 100:50 (21.01%) and 200:50 (9.60%). Oocytes from the 200:50 group presented higher polyspermy and mitochondrial activity compared with controls and the rest of the treatment groups. No differences were observed in ATP concentration or relative expression of the genes measured between treatment groups. In conclusion, the low number of blastocysts obtained in the 200:50 group was caused by a high number of polyspermic zygotes, which could suggest that high LA concentration impairs oocyte membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Roura
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María G Catalá
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra Soto-Heras
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sondes Hammami
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dolors Izquierdo
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ali Fouladi-Nashta
- Reproduction Genes and Development Group, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane Hatfield, Herts AL97TA, UK
| | - Maria-Teresa Paramio
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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73
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Anderson SH, Glassner MJ, Melnikov A, Friedman G, Orynbayeva Z. Respirometric reserve capacity of cumulus cell mitochondria correlates with oocyte maturity. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1821-1830. [PMID: 30094760 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oocyte competence is critical in success of assisted reproduction. Metabolic signaling between oocyte and cumulus cells within the cumulus-oocyte complex procure oocyte development. This study evaluated the relationship between respirometric activity of cumulus cells and maturity of corresponding oocytes. METHODS In prospective cohort study, 20 women of age 28-42 undergoing IVF procedure were involved. To evaluate oocyte maturity, the cumulus cells from individual oocytes were assessed flow cytometrically by double labeling of cells with mitochondria specific dyes. The respirometric stress analysis using ATPase inhibitor oligomycin was applied to assess mitochondria metabolic abnormalities. RESULTS The cumulus cells from each of 327 oocytes were analyzed. The respirometric index of cumulus cells (O'R) strongly correlates with maternal ovarian reserve, showing to be higher in patients with higher AMH (p < 0.0017). Cumulus cells from immature oocytes had severe mitochondria deficiency, i.e., low O'R, than those from mature oocytes (p < 0.02). No significant difference in respirometric capacity was found between cumulus cells associated with good vs poor-quality embryos. CONCLUSIONS The oocyte maturity is potentially related to the mitochondria activity of cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Anderson
- Main Line Fertility Center, 825 Old Lancaster Road, Suite 170, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19101, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael J Glassner
- Main Line Fertility Center, 825 Old Lancaster Road, Suite 170, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19101, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gary Friedman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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74
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Zarezadeh R, Mehdizadeh A, Leroy JLMR, Nouri M, Fayezi S, Darabi M. Action mechanisms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oocyte maturation and developmental competence: Potential advantages and disadvantages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1016-1029. [PMID: 30073662 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a growing problem worldwide. Currently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is widely performed to treat infertility. However, a high percentage of IVF cycles fails, due to the poor developmental potential of the retrieved oocyte to generate viable embryos. Fatty acid content of the follicular microenvironment can affect oocyte maturation and the subsequent developmental competence. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are mainly used by follicle components as primary energy sources whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a wide range of roles. A large body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in prevention, treatment, and amelioration of some pathophysiological conditions including heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, and psychological disorders. Nevertheless, current findings regarding the effects of n-3 PUFAs on reproductive outcomes in general and on oocyte quality more specifically are inconsistent. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of potential molecular mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs affect oocyte maturation and developmental competence, particularly in the setting of IVF and thereby aims to elucidate the reasons behind current discrepancies around this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm U1091 - CNRS U7277, Nice 06034, France
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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75
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Wang F, Yuan RY, Li L, Meng TG, Fan LH, Jing Y, Zhang RR, Li YY, Liang QX, Dong F, Hou Y, Schatten H, Sun QY, Ou XH. Mitochondrial regulation of [Ca 2+]i oscillations during cell cycle resumption of the second meiosis of oocyte. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1471-1486. [PMID: 29965788 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1489179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte is arrested at metaphase of the second meiosis until fertilization switching on [Ca2+]i oscillations. Oocyte activation inefficiency is the most challenging problem for failed fertilization and embryonic development. Mitochondrial function and intracellular [Ca2+]i oscillations are two critical factors for the oocyte's developmental potential. We aimed to understand the possible correlation between mitochondrial function and [Ca2+]i oscillations in oocytes. To this end, mitochondrial uncoupler CCCP which damages mitochondrial function and two small molecule mitochondrial agonists, L-carnitine (LC) and BGP-15, were used to examine the regulation of [Ca2+]i by mitochondrial functions. With increasing CCCP concentrations, [Ca2+]i oscillations were gradually diminished and high concentrations of CCCP led to oocyte death. LC enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and [Ca2+]i oscillations and even improved the damage induced by CCCP, however, BGP-15 had no beneficial effect on oocyte activation. We have found that mitochondrial function plays a vital role in the generation of [Ca2+]i oscillations in oocytes, and thus mitochondria may interact with the ER to generate [Ca2+]i oscillations during oocyte activation. Improvement of mitochondrial functions with small molecules can be expected to improve oocyte activation and embryonic development in infertile patients without invasive micromanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- a Fertility Preservation Lab , Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Rui-Ying Yuan
- a Fertility Preservation Lab , Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Li
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Li-Hua Fan
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ying Jing
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ren-Ren Zhang
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yuna-Yuan Li
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Qiu-Xia Liang
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Feng Dong
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yi Hou
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Heide Schatten
- c Department of Veterinary Pathobiology , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- b State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- a Fertility Preservation Lab , Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , China
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76
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Kristensen SG, Humaidan P, Coetzee K. Mitochondria and reproduction: possibilities for testing and treatment. Panminerva Med 2018; 61:82-96. [PMID: 29962188 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, known as the energy factories in all cells, are key regulators of multiple vital cellular processes and affect all aspects of mammalian reproduction, being essential for oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development. Mitochondrial dysfunction is consequently implicated in disease as well as age-related infertility. Since mitochondria are inherited exclusively from the mother, the female gamete is central to reproductive outcome and therapeutic interventions, such as mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), and development of new diagnostic tools. The primary purpose of MRT is to improve oocyte quality, embryogenesis and fetal development by correcting the imbalance between mutant and wild-type mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the oocyte or zygote, either by replacing mutant mtDNA or supplementing with wild-type counterparts from heterologous or autologous sources. However, the efficacy and safety of these new technologies have not yet been tested in clinical trials, and various concerns exist. Nonetheless, the perspectives for such procedures are intriguing and include two distinct patient populations that could potentially benefit from the clinical implementation of MRT; 1) patients with mtDNA-disease transmission risk; 2) patients undergoing IVF with recurrent poor embryo outcomes due to advanced maternal age. In this review, we outline the intrinsic roles of mitochondria during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in relation to disease and infertility, and discuss the progress in MRT with the developments in reproductive technologies and the related concerns. In addition, we assess the use of mtDNA as a potential biomarker for embryo viability in assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine G Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark -
| | - Peter Humaidan
- The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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77
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Reyes JM, Silva E, Chitwood JL, Schoolcraft WB, Krisher RL, Ross PJ. Differing molecular response of young and advanced maternal age human oocytes to IVM. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:2199-2208. [PMID: 29025019 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What effect does maternal age have on the human oocyte's molecular response to in vitro oocyte maturation? SUMMARY ANSWER Although polyadenylated transcript abundance is similar between young and advanced maternal age (AMA) germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, metaphase II (MII) oocytes exhibit a divergent transcriptome resulting from a differential response to in vitro oocyte maturation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Microarray studies considering maternal age or maturation stage have shown that either of these factors will affect oocyte polyadenylated transcript abundance in human oocytes. However, studies considering both human oocyte age and multiple stages simultaneously are limited to a single study that examined transcript levels for two genes by qPCR. Thus, polyadenylated RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) could provide novel insight into age-associated aberrations in gene expression in GV and MII oocytes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The effect of maternal age (longitudinal analysis) on polyadenylated transcript abundance at different stages was analyzed by examining single GV and single in vitro matured MII oocytes derived from five young (YNG; < 30 years; average age 26.8; range 20-29) and five advanced maternal age (AMA; ≥40 years; average age 41.6 years; range 40-43 years) patients. Thus, a total of 10 YNG (5 GV and 5 MII) and 10 AMA (5 GV and 5 MII) oocytes were individually processed for RNA-Seq analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Patients undergoing infertility treatment at the Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine (Lone Tree, CO, USA) underwent ovarian stimulation with FSH and received hCG for final follicular maturation prior to ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval. Unused GV oocytes obtained at retrieval were donated for transcriptome analysis. Single oocytes were stored (at -80°C in PicoPure RNA Extraction Buffer; Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) immediately upon verification of immaturity or after undergoing in vitro oocyte maturation (24 h incubation), representing GV and MII samples, respectively. After isolating RNA and generating single oocyte RNA-Seq libraries (SMARTer Ultra Low Input RNA HV kit; Clontech, USA), Illumina sequencing (100 bp paired-end reads on HiSeq 2500) and bioinformatics analysis (CLC Genomics Workbench, DESeq2, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) were performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 12 770 genes were determined to be expressed in human oocytes (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM) > 0.4 in at least three of five replicates for a minimum of one sample type). Differential gene expression analysis between YNG and AMA oocytes (within stage) identified 1 and 255 genes that significantly differed (adjusted P < 0.1 and log2 fold change >1) in polyadenylated transcript abundance for GV and MII oocytes, respectively. These genes included CDK1, NLRP5 and PRDX1, which have been reported to affect oocyte developmental potential. Despite the similarity in transcript abundance between GV oocytes irrespective of age, divergent expression patterns emerged during oocyte maturation. These age-specific differentially expressed genes were enriched (FDR < 0.05) for functions and pathways associated with mitochondria, cell cycle and cytoskeleton. Gene modules generated by WGCNA (based on gene expression) and patient traits related to oocyte quality (e.g. age and blastocyst development) were correlated (P < 0.05) and enriched (FDR < 0.05) for functions and pathways associated with oocyte maturation. LARGE SCALE DATA Raw data from this study can be accessed through GSE95477. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The human oocytes used in the current study were obtained from patients with varying causes of infertility (e.g. decreased oocyte quality and oocyte quality-independent factors), possibly affecting oocyte gene expression. Oocytes in this study were retrieved at the GV stage following hCG administration and the MII oocytes were derived by IVM of patient oocytes. Although the approach has the benefit of identifying intrinsic differences between samples, it may not be completely representative of in vivo matured oocytes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Transcriptome profiles of YNG and AMA oocytes, particularly at the MII stage, suggest that aberrant transcript abundance may contribute to the age-associated decline in fertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) J.M.R. was supported by an Austin Eugene Lyons Fellowship awarded by the University of California, Davis. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (awarded to P.J.R.; R01HD070044) and the Fertility Laboratories of Colorado partly supported the research presented in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Reyes
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E Silva
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - J L Chitwood
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - W B Schoolcraft
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - R L Krisher
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA
| | - P J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Cecchino GN, Seli E, Alves da Motta EL, García-Velasco JA. The role of mitochondrial activity in female fertility and assisted reproductive technologies: overview and current insights. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36:686-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ghorbanmehr N, Salehnia M, Amooshahi M. The Effects of Sodium Selenite on Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Reactive Oxygen Species Levels of In Vitro Matured Mouse Oocytes. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:396-402. [PMID: 29845794 PMCID: PMC6004999 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of present study is to determine the effects of supplementation of oocyte maturation medium with sodium
selenite (SS) on oocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), and metaphase II (MII)
stage oocytes were recovered from 6-8 week old female mice after superovulation. Some of the GV oocytes were
cultured and matured in the presence and absence of SS. Then in vivo and in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes were
subjected to mitochondria staining by MitoTracker green, ROS analysis, and mtDNA copy number determination using
absolute real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results The maturation rate of GV oocytes to the MII stage significantly increased in the SS supplemented group
(79.25%) compared to the control group (72.46%, P<0.05). The intensity of mitochondrial staining was not different
among the studied groups, whereas the mitochondria distribution in the cytoplasm of the IVM oocytes showed some
aggregation pattern. The in vivo obtained MII oocytes had lower ROS levels and higher mtDNA copy numbers than
IVM-MII oocytes (P<0.05). The SS supplemented group had significantly lower ROS levels and higher mtDNA copy
numbers than the non-treated group (P<0.05).
Conclusion SS increased oocyte mtDNA copy number by decreasing oxidative stress. SS had an association with
better oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Ghorbanmehr
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Salehnia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Mahboobeh Amooshahi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Ishii T, Hibino Y. Mitochondrial manipulation in fertility clinics: Regulation and responsibility. REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE & SOCIETY ONLINE 2018; 5:93-109. [PMID: 30094357 PMCID: PMC6076383 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical uses of cytoplasmic transfer and pronuclear transfer for infertility treatment have raised concerns, leading to restrictive regulatory responses in both the USA and China. In 2015, the UK legalized nuclear transfer from oocytes and zygotes to prevent the onset of serious mitochondrial disease in the children of affected mothers. A research team in the USA then performed egg nuclear transfer, with subsequent embryo transfer in Mexico, to prevent mitochondrial disease. A live birth resulted, but the cross-border activity attracted attention from regulatory authorities. In order to respond appropriately to the likelihood of the wider use of such mitochondrial manipulation techniques (MMT), the present study first surveyed countries where MMT have been clinically implemented or where such experimental procedures are advertised on the internet. Sixteen countries were selected for an analysis of the legal position regarding germline genetic modification and egg donation. It was found that regulation of the clinical use of MMT could be broken down into three categories: (i) largely prohibited (USA and China), (ii) not regulated (Northern Cyprus and Ukraine), and (iii) insufficiently regulated (the remaining 12 countries, including Mexico). The reasons for no or insufficient regulation included no intention to oversee experimental procedures, no consideration of the manipulation in eggs, unclear technical terms and ambiguous medical purposes. To protect future children, this study underscores the pressing need for regulatory frameworks with policies that cover MMT. Wider implications regarding the responsible implementation of procedures in experimental reproductive medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishii
- Hokkaido University, Office of Health and Safety, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuri Hibino
- Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Chiaratti MR, Garcia BM, Carvalho KF, Machado TS, Ribeiro FKDS, Macabelli CH. The role of mitochondria in the female germline: Implications to fertility and inheritance of mitochondrial diseases. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:711-724. [PMID: 29418047 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a fundamental role during development of the female germline. They are fragmented, round, and small. Despite these characteristics suggesting that they are inactive, there is accumulating evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctions are a major cause of infertility and generation of aneuploidies in humans. In addition, mitochondria and their own genomes (mitochondrial DNA-mtDNA) may become damaged with time, which might be one reason why aging leads to infertility. As a result, mitochondria have been proposed as an important target for evaluating oocyte and embryo quality, and developing treatments for female infertility. On the other hand, mutations in mtDNA may cause mitochondrial dysfunctions, leading to severe diseases that affect 1 in 4,300 people. Moreover, very low levels of mutated mtDNA seem to be present in every person worldwide. These may increase with time and associate with late-onset degenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and common cancers. Mutations in mtDNA are transmitted down the maternal lineage, following a poorly understood pattern of inheritance. Recent findings have indicated existence in the female germline of a purifying filter against deleterious mtDNA variants. Although the underlying mechanism of this filter is largely unknown, it has been suggested to rely on autophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria or selective replication/transmission of non-deleterious variants. Thus, understanding the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial inheritance is important both to improve diagnosis and develop therapeutic tools for preventing transmission of mtDNA-encoded diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Bruna Martins Garcia
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Karen Freire Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thiago Simões Machado
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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82
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Craven L, Tang MX, Gorman GS, De Sutter P, Heindryckx B. Novel reproductive technologies to prevent mitochondrial disease. Hum Reprod Update 2018. [PMID: 28651360 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nuclear transfer (NT) has been proposed as a novel reproductive treatment to overcome the transmission of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Pathogenic mutations in mtDNA can cause a wide-spectrum of life-limiting disorders, collectively known as mtDNA disease, for which there are currently few effective treatments and no known cures. The many unique features of mtDNA make genetic counselling challenging for women harbouring pathogenic mtDNA mutations but reproductive options that involve medical intervention are available that will minimize the risk of mtDNA disease in their offspring. This includes PGD, which is currently offered as a clinical treatment but will not be suitable for all. The potential for NT to reduce transmission of mtDNA mutations has been demonstrated in both animal and human models, and has recently been clinically applied not only to prevent mtDNA disease but also for some infertility cases. In this review, we will interrogate the different NT techniques, including a discussion on the available safety and efficacy data of these technologies for mtDNA disease prevention. In addition, we appraise the evidence for the translational use of NT technologies in infertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We propose to review the current scientific evidence regarding the clinical use of NT to prevent mitochondrial disease. SEARCH METHODS The scientific literature was investigated by searching PubMed database until Jan 2017. Relevant documents from Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority as well as reports from both the scientific and popular media were also implemented. The above searches were based on the following key words: 'mitochondria', 'mitochondrial DNA'; 'mitochondrial DNA disease', 'fertility'; 'preimplantation genetic diagnosis', 'nuclear transfer', 'mitochondrial replacement' and 'mitochondrial donation'. OUTCOMES While NT techniques have been shown to effectively reduce the transmission of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in animal models, and increasing evidence supports their use to prevent the transmission of human mtDNA disease, the need for robust, long-term evaluation is still warranted. Moreover, prenatal screening would still be strongly advocated in combination with the use of these IVF-based technologies. Scientific evidence to support the use of NT and other novel reproductive techniques for infertility is currently lacking. WIDER IMPLICATIONS It is mandatory that any new ART treatments are first adequately assessed in both animal and human models before the cautious implementation of these new therapeutic approaches is clinically undertaken. There is growing evidence to suggest that the translation of these innovative technologies into clinical practice should be cautiously adopted only in highly selected patients. Indeed, given the limited safety and efficacy data, close monitoring of any offspring remains paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey Craven
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mao-Xing Tang
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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83
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Rasool S, Shah D. The futile case of the aging ovary: is it mission impossible? A focused review. Climacteric 2017; 21:22-28. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1410784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rasool
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gynaecworld, Mumbai, India
| | - D. Shah
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gynaecworld, Mumbai, India
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84
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Abstract
Parthenotes are characterized by poor in vitro developmental potential either due to the ploidy status or the absence of paternal factors. In the present study, we demonstrate the beneficial role of sperm-derived factors (SDF) on the in vitro development of mouse parthenotes. Mature (MII) oocytes collected from superovulated Swiss albino mice were activated using strontium chloride (SrCl2) in the presence or absence of various concentrations of SDF in M16 medium. The presence of SDF in activation medium did not have any significant influence on the activation rate. However, a significant increase in the developmental potential of the embryos and increased blastocyst rate (P < 0.01) was observed at 50 µg/ml concentration. Furthermore, the activated oocytes from this group exhibited early cleavage and cortical distribution of cortical granules that was similar to that of normally fertilized zygotes. Culturing 2-cell stage parthenotes in the presence of SDF significantly improved the developmental potential (P < 0.05) indicating that they also play a significant role in embryo development. In conclusion, artificial activation of oocytes with SDF can improve the developmental potential of parthenotes in vitro.
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85
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Agarwal A, Majzoub A. Laboratory tests for oxidative stress. Indian J Urol 2017; 33:199-206. [PMID: 28717269 PMCID: PMC5508430 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress (OS) is considered a significant contributor to male infertility. A number of laboratory techniques have been developed to evaluate oxidative stress in the semen. We review these tests and their current use. METHODS A literature review was performed utilizing the PubMed search engine for articles studying OS etiology and impact on male fertility, and the laboratory tests used in its assessment. RESULTS The state of OS results from exaggerated production of oxygen-derived free radicals, also known as reactive oxygen species, to an extent overwhelming the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms. Several laboratory tests have been utilized in OS measurement during male fertility evaluation. These tests are classified into direct assays which measure the degree of oxidation within a sperm cell and indirect assays which estimate the detrimental effects of OS. The chemiluminescence assay, flow cytometry, nitroblue tetrazolium assay, and cytochrome c reduction are examples of direct assays while the myeloperoxidase test and measurements of lipid peroxidation, oxidation-reduction potential, and total antioxidant capacity are examples of the indirect assays. CONCLUSION OS measurement is an important tool that may help in understanding the pathophysiology of male infertility and provide valuable information that would guide treatment decisions and patient follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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86
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Sinha PB, Tesfaye D, Rings F, Hossien M, Hoelker M, Held E, Neuhoff C, Tholen E, Schellander K, Salilew-Wondim D. MicroRNA-130b is involved in bovine granulosa and cumulus cells function, oocyte maturation and blastocyst formation. J Ovarian Res 2017. [PMID: 28629378 PMCID: PMC5477299 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development are controlled by array of genes that are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs. With respect to this, previously, we identified altered expression of microRNA-130b (miR-130b) during oocyte maturation. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-130b in bovine granulosa and cumulus cell function, oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development using gain- and loss-of- function approach. Methods For this study, the granulosa cells, cumulus cells and the oocytes were collected from ovaries obtained from slaughterhouse. The genes targeted by miR-130b were identified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The role of miR-130b in granulosa and cumulus cell function was investigated by increasing and inhibiting its expression in in vitro cultured cells using miR-130b precursor and inhibitor, respectively while the role of miR-130b on oocyte development, immature oocytes were microinjected with miR-130b precursor and inhibitor and the polar body extrusion, the proportion of oocytes reaching to metaphase II stage and the mitochondrial were determined in each oocyte group 22 h after microinjection. Moreover, to investigate the role of miR-130b during preimplantation embryo development, zygote stage embryos were microinjected with miR-130b precursor or inhibitor and the cleavage rate, morula and blastocyst formation was analyzed in embryos derived from each zygote group after in vitro culture. Results The luciferase assay showed that SMAD5 and MSK1 genes were identified as the direct targets of miR-130b. Overexpression of miR-130b increased the granulosa and cumulus cell proliferation, while inhibition showed the opposite phenotype. Apart from these, modulation of miR-130b altered the lactate production and cholesterol biosynthesis in cumulus cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-130b expression during oocyte in vitro maturation reduced the first polar body extrusion, the proportion of oocytes reaching to metaphase II stage and the mitochondrial activity, while inhibition of miR-130b during preimplantation embryo development significantly reduced morula and blastocyst formation. Conclusion This study demonstrated that in vitro functional modulation of miR-130b affected granulosa and cumulus cell proliferation and survival, oocyte maturation, morula and blastocyst formation suggesting that miR-130b is involved in bovine oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-017-0336-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Bala Sinha
- Present address: Department of Biotechnology, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Amity University Ranchi, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834002, India
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Frankenforsterweg 4, 53639, Königswinter, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 172, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franca Rings
- Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Frankenforsterweg 4, 53639, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Munir Hossien
- Present address: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, -2202, Bangladesh
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Frankenforsterweg 4, 53639, Königswinter, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 172, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Held
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Frankenforsterweg 4, 53639, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Christaine Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Frankenforsterweg 4, 53639, Königswinter, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 172, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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87
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Agarwal A, Majzoub A. Role of Antioxidants in Assisted Reproductive Techniques. World J Mens Health 2017; 35:77-93. [PMID: 28497913 PMCID: PMC5583374 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2017.35.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been recognized as a significant cause of suboptimal assisted reproductive outcome. Many of the sperm preparation and manipulation procedures that are necessary in the in vitro environment can result in excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) thereby exposing the gametes and growing embryos to significant oxidative damage. Antioxidants have long been utilized in the management of male subfertility as they can counterbalance the elevated levels of ROS inducing a high state of OS. Few studies have looked into the clinical effectiveness of antioxidants in patients undergoing assisted reproduction. While an overall favorable outcome has been perceived, the specific clinical indication and optimal antioxidant regimen remain unknown. The goal of our review is to explore the sources of ROS in the in vitro environment and provide a clinical scenario-based approach to identify the circumstances where antioxidant supplementation is most beneficial to enhance the outcome of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine and the Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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88
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Schatten H, Sun QY. Centrosome and microtubule functions and dysfunctions in meiosis: implications for age-related infertility and developmental disorders. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:934-43. [PMID: 25903261 DOI: 10.1071/rd14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of oocyte aging on meiotic spindle dynamics have been well recognised, but the mechanisms underlying the effects are not well understood. In this paper we review the role of centrosomes and the microtubule cytoskeleton in meiotic spindle formation and maintenance, and the impact of oocyte aging on spindle integrity resulting in centrosome and microtubule dysfunctions that are associated with aneuploidy. Loss of spindle integrity includes dispersion of proteins from the centrosome core structure and loss of attachment of microtubules to centrosomes and kinetochores, which will result in abnormal chromosome separation. The inability of centrosomal proteins to accurately associate with the centrosome structure may be the result of destabilisation of the core structure itself or of microtubule destabilisation at the centrosome-facing microtubule areas that are acetylated in fresh oocytes but may not be acetylated in aging oocytes. Microtubule destabilisation prevents accurate motor-driven transport of centrosomal proteins along microtubules to form and maintain a functional centrosome. Other factors to form and maintain the MII spindle include signal transductions that affect microtubule dynamics and stability. Understanding the mechanisms underlying centrosome and microtubule dysfunctions during oocyte aging will allow diagnosis and analysis of oocyte quality and abnormalities as important aspects for targeted treatment of aging oocytes to extend or restore viability and developmental capacity. New therapeutic approaches will allow improvements in reproductive success rates in IVF clinics, as well as improvements in reproductive success rates in farm animals. This review is focused on: (1) centrosome and microtubule dynamics in fresh and aging oocytes; (2) regulation of centrosome and/or microtubule dynamics and function; and (3) possible treatments to extend the oocyte's reproductive capacity and viability span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, 1600 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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89
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Gorshinova VK, Tsvirkun DV, Sukhanova IA, Tarasova NV, Volodina MA, Marey MV, Smolnikova VU, Vysokikh MY, Sukhikh GT. Cumulus cell mitochondrial activity in relation to body mass index in women undergoing assisted reproductive therapy. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 7:141-146. [PMID: 28660134 PMCID: PMC5481670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most studies have considered the negative influence of obesity on fertility in both genders. In the present study, we assessed mitochondrial activity expressed as the mitochondrial potential index (MPI) in cumulus cells from obese women and women with a normal body mass index (BMI) during assisted reproductive therapy. The results revealed a significant reduction of MPI with increased body mass. The lower MPI levels in cumulus cells from obese women may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress, which can affect the cumulus-oocyte complex and have an impact on oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Gorshinova
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Daria V Tsvirkun
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia A Sukhanova
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Moscow, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda V Tarasova
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Volodina
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Marey
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Veronika U Smolnikova
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Yu Vysokikh
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.,Belozerskii Institute of Physico-chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 1 Leninskie gory, 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology", Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina street, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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90
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Zheng X, Wang S, Zou X, Jing Y, Yang R, Li S, Wang F. Ginsenoside Rb1 improves cardiac function and remodeling in heart failure. Exp Anim 2017; 66:217-228. [PMID: 28367863 PMCID: PMC5543242 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on cardiac function and remodeling in heart
failure (HF). Four weeks after HF induction, the rats were administrated with ginsenoside
Rb1 (35 and 70 mg/kg) and losartan (4.5 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Losartan was used as a
positive control. Cardiac function was assessed by measuring hemodynamic parameters.
Histological changes were analyzed by HE and Masson’s trichrome staining. Cardiac
hypertrophy, fibrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and glucose transporter type 4
(GLUT4) levels were evaluated. In the present study, high dose of (H−) ginsenoside Rb1
decreased heart rate, improved cardiac function and alleviated histological changes
induced by HF. H-ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis by
decreasing left ventricular (LV) weight/heart weight ratio and cardiomyocyte
cross-sectional area and reducing the levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), β-myosin
heavy chain (β-MHC), periostin, collagen I, Angiotensin II (Ang II), Angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE) and Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor. Moreover, H-ginsenoside Rb1
decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced the translocation of GLUT4 to
plasma membrane. The TGF-β1/Smad and ERK signaling pathways were inhibited and the Akt
pathway was activated. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 might restore
cardiac/mitochondrial function, increase glucose uptake and protect against cardiac
remodeling via the TGF-β1/Smad, ERK and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zheng
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 Chongshan East Road, Shenyang 110847, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 Chongshan East Road, Shenyang 110847, P.R. China
| | - Yating Jing
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Ronglai Yang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- Standardization Office, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- First Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Avenue, Shenyang 110032, P.R. China
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91
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Gómez-Tatay L, Hernández-Andreu JM, Aznar J. Mitochondrial Modification Techniques and Ethical Issues. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E25. [PMID: 28245555 PMCID: PMC5372994 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for preventing the transmission of mitochondrial disease to offspring include techniques known as mitochondrial replacement and mitochondrial gene editing. This technology has already been applied in humans on several occasions, and the first baby with donor mitochondria has already been born. However, these techniques raise several ethical concerns, among which is the fact that they entail genetic modification of the germline, as well as presenting safety problems in relation to a possible mismatch between the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, maternal mitochondrial DNA carryover, and the "reversion" phenomenon. In this essay, we discuss these questions, highlighting the advantages of some techniques over others from an ethical point of view, and we conclude that none of these are ready to be safely applied in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gómez-Tatay
- Escuela de Doctorado Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia 46001, Spain.
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Grupo de Medicina Molecular y Mitocondrial, Valencia 46001, Spain.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia 46001, Spain.
| | - José M Hernández-Andreu
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Grupo de Medicina Molecular y Mitocondrial, Valencia 46001, Spain.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia 46001, Spain.
| | - Justo Aznar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia 46001, Spain.
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92
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Wang T, Zhang M, Jiang Z, Seli E. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ovarian aging. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28194828 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles that are responsible for the generation of most of the cell's energy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in cellular senescence in general and ovarian aging in particular. Recent studies exploited this association by studying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number as a potential biomarker of embryo viability and the use of mitochondrial nutrients and autologous mitochondrial transfer as a potential treatment for poor ovarian function and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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93
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Bukovsky A. Novel Immunological Aspects for the Treatment of Age-induced Ovarian and Testicular Infertility, Other Functional Diseases, and Early and Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Bukovsky
- The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology BIOCEV, Institute of Biotechnology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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94
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishii
- Office of Health and Safety; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido Japan
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95
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Nakai M, Ito J, Suzuki SI, Fuchimoto DI, Sembon S, Suzuki M, Noguchi J, Kaneko H, Onishi A, Kashiwazaki N, Kikuchi K. Lack of calcium oscillation causes failure of oocyte activation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in pigs. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:615-621. [PMID: 27725347 PMCID: PMC5177980 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In pigs, the efficiency of embryo production after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is still low because of frequent failure of normal fertilization,
which involves formation of two polar bodies and two pronuclei. To clarify the reasons for this, we hypothesized that ICSI does not properly trigger
sperm-induced fertilization events, especially intracellular Ca2+ signaling, also known as Ca2+ oscillation. We also suspected that the
use of in vitro-matured oocytes might negatively affect fertilization events and embryonic development of sperm-injected oocytes. Therefore, we
compared the patterns of Ca2+ oscillation, the efficiency of oocyte activation and normal fertilization, and embryo development to the blastocyst
stage among in vivo- or in vitro-matured oocytes after ICSI or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Unexpectedly, we
found that the pattern of Ca2+ oscillation, such as the frequency and amplitude of Ca2+ rises, in oocytes after ICSI was similar to that
in oocytes after IVF, irrespective of the oocyte source. However, half of the oocytes failed to become activated after ICSI and showed no Ca2+
oscillation. Moreover, the embryonic development of normal fertilized oocytes was reduced when in vitro-matured oocytes were used, irrespective
of the fertilization method employed. These findings suggest that low embryo production efficiency after ICSI is attributable mainly to poor developmental
ability of in vitro-matured oocytes and a lack of Ca2+ oscillation, rather than the pattern of oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Nakai
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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96
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The role of Rad51 in safeguarding mitochondrial activity during the meiotic cell cycle in mammalian oocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34110. [PMID: 27677401 PMCID: PMC5039699 DOI: 10.1038/srep34110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rad51 is a conserved eukaryotic protein that mediates the homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks that occur during mitosis and meiosis. In addition, Rad51 promotes mitochondrial DNA synthesis when replication stress is increased. Rad51 also regulates cell cycle progression by preserving the G2/M transition in embryonic stem cells. In this study, we report a novel function of Rad51 in regulating mitochondrial activity during in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes. Suppression of Rad51 by injection of Rad51 dsRNA into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes resulted in arrest of meiosis in metaphase I. Rad51-depleted oocytes showed chromosome misalignment and failures in spindle aggregation, affecting the completion of cytokinesis. We found that Rad51 depletion was accompanied by decreased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased DNA degradation. We further demonstrated that the mitochondrial defect activated autophagy in Rad51-depleted oocytes. Taken together, we concluded that Rad51 functions to safeguard mitochondrial integrity during the meiotic maturation of oocytes.
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Liu Y, Wang YL, Chen MH, Zhang Z, Xu BH, Liu R, Xu L, He SW, Li FP, Qi ZQ, Wang HL. Methoxychlor exposure induces oxidative stress and affects mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:768-779. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Ya-Long Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Xiamen Institute for Food and Drug Quality Control; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Bai-Hui Xu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Lin Xu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Shu-Wen He
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Fei-Ping Li
- Biological College; Southwest Forestry University; Kunming City Yunnan Province China
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College; Xiamen University; Xiamen City Fujian Province China
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98
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May-Panloup P, Boucret L, Chao de la Barca JM, Desquiret-Dumas V, Ferré-L'Hotellier V, Morinière C, Descamps P, Procaccio V, Reynier P. Ovarian ageing: the role of mitochondria in oocytes and follicles. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:725-743. [PMID: 27562289 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great inter-individual variability of ovarian ageing, and almost 20% of patients consulting for infertility show signs of premature ovarian ageing. This feature, taken together with delayed childbearing in modern society, leads to the emergence of age-related ovarian dysfunction concomitantly with the desire for pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technology is frequently inefficacious in cases of ovarian ageing, thus raising the economic, medical and societal costs of the procedures. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONAL Ovarian ageing is characterized by quantitative and qualitative alteration of the ovarian oocyte reserve. Mitochondria play a central role in follicular atresia and could be the main target of the ooplasmic factors determining oocyte quality adversely affected by ageing. Indeed, the oocyte is the richest cell of the body in mitochondria and depends largely on these organelles to acquire competence for fertilization and early embryonic development. Moreover, the oocyte ensures the uniparental transmission and stability of the mitochondrial genome across the generations. This review focuses on the role played by mitochondria in ovarian ageing and on the possible consequences over the generations. SEARCH METHODS PubMed was used to search the MEDLINE database for peer-reviewed original articles and reviews concerning mitochondria and ovarian ageing, in animal and human species. Searches were performed using keywords belonging to three groups: 'mitochondria' or 'mitochondrial DNA'; 'ovarian reserve', 'oocyte', 'ovary' or 'cumulus cells'; and 'ageing' or 'ovarian ageing'. These keywords were combined with other search phrases relevant to the topic. References from these articles were used to obtain additional articles. OUTCOMES There is a close relationship, in mammalian models and humans, between mitochondria and the decline of oocyte quality with ageing. Qualitatively, ageing-related mitochondrial (mt) DNA instability, which leads to the accumulation of mtDNA mutations in the oocyte, plays a key role in the deterioration of oocyte quality in terms of competence and of the risk of transmitting mitochondrial abnormalities to the offspring. In contrast, some mtDNA haplogroups are protective against the decline of ovarian reserve. Quantitatively, mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial during oogenesis for constituting a mitochondrial pool sufficiently large to allow normal early embryonic development and to avoid the untimely activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Ovarian ageing also seriously affects the dynamic nature of mitochondrial biogenesis in the surrounding granulosa cells that may provide interesting alternative biomarkers of oocyte quality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS A fuller understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in cases of infertility linked to ovarian ageing would contribute to a better management of the disorder in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale May-Panloup
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France .,PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lisa Boucret
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.,PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Juan-Manuel Chao de la Barca
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Ferré-L'Hotellier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Morinière
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Descamps
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- PREMMi/Pôle de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Médecine Mitochondriale, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS 6214, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
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Khan DR, Landry DA, Fournier É, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Transcriptome meta-analysis of three follicular compartments and its correlation with ovarian follicle maturity and oocyte developmental competence in cows. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:633-43. [PMID: 27401219 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00050.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte developmental competence in superstimulated cows is dependent in part on the duration of the FSH coasting. FSH coasting refers to superstimulation with FSH (2 days of endogenous FSH following follicle ablation and 3 days of FSH injections) followed by no FSH for a specific duration. The optimal duration varies among individuals. FSH coasting appears to modulate the transcriptome of different follicular compartments, which cooperate as a single functional unit. However, the integrative effects of FSH coasting on different follicular compartments remain ambiguous. Meta-analysis of three independent transcriptome studies, each focused on a single cell type (granulosa, cumulus, and oocyte) during FSH coasting, allowed the identification of 12 gene clusters with similar time-course expression patterns in all three compartments. Network analysis identified HNF4A (involved in metabolic functions) and ELAVL1 (an RNA-binding protein) as hub genes regulated respectively upward and downward in the clusters enriched at the optimal coasting time, and APP (involved in mitochondrial functions) and COPS5 (a member of the COP9 signalosome) as hub genes regulated respectively upwards and downwards in the clusters enriched progressively throughout the coasting period. We confirmed the effects on HNF4A downstream targets (TTR, PPL) and other hub genes (ELAVL1, APP, MYC, and PGR) in 30 cows with RT-quantitative PCR. The correlation of hub gene expression levels with FSH coasting indicated that a combination of these genes could predict oocyte competence with 83% sensitivity, suggesting that they are potential biomarkers of follicle differentiation. These findings could be used to optimize FSH coasting on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daulat Raheem Khan
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | - David A Landry
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Éric Fournier
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | | | - Patrick Blondin
- L'Alliance Boviteq Incorporated, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
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100
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Hart RJ. Physiological Aspects of Female Fertility: Role of the Environment, Modern Lifestyle, and Genetics. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:873-909. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the Western World there is an increasing trend to postpone childbearing. Consequently, the negative influence of age on oocyte quality may lead to a difficulty in conceiving for many couples. Furthermore, lifestyle factors may exacerbate a couple's difficulty in conceiving due mainly to the metabolic influence of obesity; however, the negative impacts of low peripheral body fat, excessive exercise, the increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, and smoking all have significant negative effects on fertility. Other factors that impede conception are the perceived increasing prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome, which is further exacerbated by obesity, and the presence of uterine fibroids and endometriosis (a progressive pelvic inflammatory disorder) which are more prevalent in older women. A tendency for an earlier sexual debut and to have more sexual partners has led to an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, there are several genetic influences that may limit the number of oocytes within the ovary; consequently, by postponing attempts at childbearing, a limitation of oocyte number may become evident, whereas in previous generations with earlier conception this potentially reduced reproductive life span did not manifest in infertility. Environmental influences on reproduction are under increasing scrutiny. Although firm evidence is lacking however, dioxin exposure may be linked to endometriosis, phthalate exposure may influence ovarian reserve, and bisphenol A may interfere with oocyte development and maturation. However, chemotherapy or radiotherapy is recognized to lead to ovarian damage and predispose the woman to ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. Hart
- School of Women's and Infants Health, University of Western Australia & Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Subiaco, Perth Western Australia
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