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Rajapakse S, Rodrigo C, Maduranga S, Rajapakse AC. Corticosteroids in the treatment of dengue shock syndrome. Infect Drug Resist 2014; 7:137-43. [PMID: 24899817 PMCID: PMC4038529 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s55380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in over 100 countries worldwide, and its incidence is on the rise. The pathophysiological basis for the development of severe dengue, characterized by plasma leakage and the “shock syndrome” are poorly understood. No specific treatment or vaccine is available, and careful monitoring and judicious administration of fluids forms the mainstay of management at present. It is postulated that vascular endothelial dysfunction, induced by cytokine and chemical mediators, is an important mechanism of plasma leakage. Although corticosteroids are potent modulators of the immune system, their role in pharmacological doses in modulating the purported immunological effects that take place in severe dengue has been a subject of controversy. The key evidence related to the role of corticosteroids for various manifestations of dengue are reviewed here. In summary, there is currently no high-quality evidence supporting the beneficial effects of corticosteroids for treatment of shock, prevention of serious complications, or increasing platelet counts. Non-randomized trials of corticosteroids given as rescue medication for severe shock have shown possible benefit. Nonetheless, the evidence base is small, and good-quality trials are lacking. We reiterate the need for well-designed and adequately powered randomized controlled trials of corticosteroids for the treatment of dengue shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senaka Rajapakse
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chaturaka Rodrigo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sachith Maduranga
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Anoja Chamarie Rajapakse
- Kings Mill Hospital, Sherwood Forest NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, UK
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Davis CT, Zhu W, Gibson CC, Bowman-Kirigin JA, Sorensen L, Ling J, Sun H, Navankasattusas S, Li DY. ARF6 inhibition stabilizes the vasculature and enhances survival during endotoxic shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:6045-52. [PMID: 24835390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium responds to infection by destabilizing endothelial cell-cell junctions to allow fluid and cells to pass into peripheral tissues, facilitating clearance of infection and tissue repair. During sepsis, endotoxin and other proinflammatory molecules induce excessive vascular leak, which can cause organ dysfunction, shock, and death. Current therapies for sepsis are limited to antibiotics and supportive care, which are often insufficient to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality. Previous attempts at blocking inflammatory cytokine responses in humans proved ineffective at reducing the pathologies associated with sepsis, highlighting the need for a new therapeutic strategy. The small GTPase ARF6 is activated by a MyD88-ARNO interaction to induce vascular leak through disruption of endothelial adherens junctions. In this study, we show that the MyD88-ARNO-ARF6-signaling axis is responsible for LPS-induced endothelial permeability and is a destabilizing convergence point used by multiple inflammatory cues. We also show that blocking ARF6 with a peptide construct of its N terminus is sufficient to reduce vascular leak and enhance survival during endotoxic shock, without inhibiting the host cytokine response. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of blocking ARF6 and reducing vascular leak for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadwick T Davis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Christopher C Gibson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jay A Bowman-Kirigin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Lise Sorensen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jing Ling
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Huiming Sun
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Dean Y Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; and Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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Sartelli M, Catena F, Di Saverio S, Ansaloni L, Malangoni M, Moore EE, Moore FA, Ivatury R, Coimbra R, Leppaniemi A, Biffl W, Kluger Y, Fraga GP, Ordonez CA, Marwah S, Gerych I, Lee JG, Tranà C, Coccolini F, Corradetti F, Kirkby-Bott J. Current concept of abdominal sepsis: WSES position paper. World J Emerg Surg 2014; 9:22. [PMID: 24674057 PMCID: PMC3986828 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7922-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sepsis is a systemic process, the pathophysiological cascade of events may vary from region to region. Abdominal sepsis represents the host’s systemic inflammatory response to bacterial peritonitis. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates, and is the second most common cause of sepsis-related mortality in the intensive care unit. The review focuses on sepsis in the specific setting of severe peritonitis.
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Neuzillet Y, Rouprêt M, Larré S, Irani J, Davin JL, Moreau JL, Pfister C. Diagnostic et prise en charge des événements indésirables sévères survenant au décours des instillations endovésicales de BCG pour le traitement des tumeurs de vessie n’infiltrant pas le muscle (TVNIM). Presse Med 2013; 42:1100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sepsis remains an important challenge in pediatric critical care medicine. This review provides an appraisal of adjunctive therapies for sepsis and highlights opportunities for meeting selected challenges in the field. Future clinical studies should address long-term and functional outcomes as well as acute outcomes. Potential adjunctive therapies such as corticosteroids, hemofiltration, hemoadsorption, and plasmapheresis may have important roles, but still require formal and more rigorous testing by way of clinical trials. Finally, the design of future clinical trials should consider novel approaches for stratifying outcome risks as a means of improving the risk-to-benefit ratio of experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hanna
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Jung B, Clavieras N, Nougaret S, Molinari N, Roquilly A, Cisse M, Carr J, Chanques G, Asehnoune K, Jaber S. Effects of etomidate on complications related to intubation and on mortality in septic shock patients treated with hydrocortisone: a propensity score analysis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R224. [PMID: 23171852 PMCID: PMC3672604 DOI: 10.1186/cc11871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Endotracheal intubation in the ICU is associated with a high incidence of complications. Etomidate use is debated in septic shock because it increases the risk of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, which may impact outcome. We hypothesized that hydrocortisone, administered in all septic shock cases in our ICU, may counteract some negative effects of etomidate. The aim of our study was to compare septic shock patients who received etomidate versus another induction drug both for short-term safety and for long-term outcomes. Methods A single-center observational study was carried out in septic shock patients, treated with hydrocortisone and intubated within the first 48 hours of septic shock. Co-primary end points were life-threatening complications incidence occurring within the first hour after intubation and mortality during the ICU stay. Statistical analyses included unmatched and matched cohorts using a propensity score analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Sixty patients in the etomidate cohort and 42 patients in the non-etomidate cohort were included. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency was 79% in the etomidate cohort and 52% in the non-etomidate cohort (P = 0.01). After intubation, life-threatening complications occurred in 36% of the patients whatever the cohort. After adjustment with propensity score analysis, etomidate was a protective factor for death in the ICU both in unmatched (hazard ratio, 0.33 (0.15 to 0.75); P < 0.01)) and matched cohorts (hazard ratio, 0.33 (0.112 to 0.988); P = 0.04). Conclusion In septic shock patients treated with hydrocortisone, etomidate did not decrease life-threatening complications following intubation, but when associated with hydrocortisone it also did not impair outcome.
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