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Sieber J, Hauer C, Bhuvanagiri M, Leicht S, Krijgsveld J, Neu-Yilik G, Hentze MW, Kulozik AE. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Branch-specific Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response by Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1584-97. [PMID: 26896796 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.054056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) has originally been described as a surveillance mechanism to inhibit the expression of mRNAs with truncated open reading frames (ORFs) and to contribute to the fidelity of gene expression. It is now recognized that NMD also controls the expression of physiological genes with "intact" mRNA. Stress can decrease NMD efficiency and thus increase the mRNA levels of physiological NMD targets. As stress can also inhibit translation, the net outcome for shaping the proteome is difficult to predict. We have thus analyzed de novo protein synthesis in response to NMD inhibition or the induction of mild endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by treatment of cells with the reducing agent dithiotreitol (DTT). For this purpose, we combined pulsed azidohomoalanine (AHA) and stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Labeled proteins were purified by click chemistry-based covalent coupling to agarose beads, trypsinized, fractionated, and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). We find that mild ER stress up-regulates the de novo synthesis of components of all three branches of the unfolded protein response (PERK, IRE1 and ATF6) without increasing eIF2α phosphorylation or impairing of protein translation. In contrast, inhibition of NMD induces de novo protein synthesis of downstream targets of the PERK and IRE1 pathways, whereas we could not detect regulation of ATF6-responsive genes. These data thus support a model that implicates a positive feedback loop of ER stress inhibiting NMD efficiency which further promotes the ER stress response in a branch-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sieber
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; §Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hauer
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; §Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; ¶European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madhuri Bhuvanagiri
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; §Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Leicht
- ¶European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Neu-Yilik
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; §Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; ¶European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; §Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;
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Park JY, Jeong JK, Lee JH, Moon JH, Kim SW, Lee YJ, Park SY. Induction of cellular prion protein (PrPc) under hypoxia inhibits apoptosis caused by TRAIL treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5342-53. [PMID: 25742790 PMCID: PMC4467153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia decreases cytotoxic responses to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein. Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is regulated by HIF-1α in neurons. We hypothesized that PrPc is involved in hypoxia-mediated resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We found that hypoxia induced PrPc protein and inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus silencing of PrPc increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis under hypoxia. Overexpression of PrPc protein using an adenoviral vector inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In xenograft model in vivo, shPrPc transfected cells were more sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis than in shMock transfected cells. Molecular chemo-therapy approaches based on the regulation of PrPc expression need to address anti-tumor function of TRAIL under hypoxia. Molecular chemo-therapy approaches based on the regulation of PrPc expression need to address anti-tumor function of TRAIL under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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53
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Gil M, Kim YK, Kim KE, Kim W, Park CS, Lee KJ. Cellular prion protein regulates invasion and migration of breast cancer cells through MMP-9 activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:213-219. [PMID: 26778001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Function of cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) in cancer progression has not been elucidated yet. Ectopic expression of PrP(c) increases the invasion and migration of breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 cells. Overexpressed PrP(c) increases matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) expression by enhancing association of NF-κB in promoter of MMP-9 gene and ERK signaling in MCF-7 cells. Whereas, silencing of PrP(c) by siRNA suppresses ERK activation and MMP-9 expression resulting the down-regulation of MD-MB231 cell migration and invasion. Overall, these results suggest that PrP(c) contribute the breast cancer invasion and migration via MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchan Gil
- SIS Immunology Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Kye Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Kim
- SIS Immunology Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Park
- Department of Pathology, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
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Yang L, Gao Z, Hu L, Wu G, Yang X, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Wong BS, Xin W, Sy MS, Li C. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Modification Machinery Deficiency Is Responsible for the Formation of Pro-Prion Protein (PrP) in BxPC-3 Protein and Increases Cancer Cell Motility. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3905-17. [PMID: 26683373 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal cellular prion protein (PrP) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface glycoprotein. However, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines, such as BxPC-3, PrP exists as a pro-PrP retaining its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) peptide signaling sequence. Here, we report the identification of another pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line, AsPC-1, which expresses a mature GPI-anchored PrP. Comparison of the 24 genes involved in the GPI anchor modification pathway between AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 revealed 15 of the 24 genes, including PGAP1 and PIG-F, were down-regulated in the latter cells. We also identified six missense mutations in DPM2, PIG-C, PIG-N, and PIG-P alongside eight silent mutations. When BxPC-3 cells were fused with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which lack endogenous PrP, pro-PrP was successfully converted into mature GPI-anchored PrP. Expression of the individual gene, such as PGAP1, PIG-F, or PIG-C, into BxPC-3 cells does not result in phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C sensitivity of PrP. However, when PIG-F but not PIG-P is expressed in PGAP1-expressing BxPC-3 cells, PrP on the surface of the cells becomes phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-sensitive. Thus, low expression of PIG-F and PGAP1 is the major factor contributing to the accumulation of pro-PrP. More importantly, BxPC-3 cells expressing GPI-anchored PrP migrate much slower than BxPC-3 cells bearing pro-PrP. In addition, GPI-anchored PrP-bearing AsPC-1 cells also migrate slower than pro-PrP bearing BxPC-3 cells, although both cells express filamin A. "Knocking out" PRNP in BxPC-3 cell drastically reduces its migration. Collectively, these results show that multiple gene irregularity in BxPC-3 cells is responsible for the formation of pro-PrP, and binding of pro-PrP to filamin A contributes to enhanced tumor cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Yang
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China, the Department of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenxing Gao
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China, the Department of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lipeng Hu
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guiru Wu
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- the Department of the First Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- the Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- the Department of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Boon-Seng Wong
- the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xin
- the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44102, and
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44102, and
| | - Chaoyang Li
- the State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China
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55
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Torres M, Matamala JM, Duran-Aniotz C, Cornejo VH, Foley A, Hetz C. ER stress signaling and neurodegeneration: At the intersection between Alzheimer's disease and Prion-related disorders. Virus Res 2015; 207:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Subcellular distribution of the prion protein in sickness and in health. Virus Res 2015; 207:136-45. [PMID: 25683509 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is an ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein that is most abundant in the central nervous system. It is thought to play a role in many cellular processes, including neuroprotection, but may also contribute to Alzheimer's disease and some cancers. However, it is best known for its central role in the prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and scrapie. These protein misfolding diseases can be sporadic, acquired, or genetic and are caused by refolding of endogenous PrP(C) into a beta sheet-rich, pathogenic form, PrP(Sc). Once prions are present in the central nervous system, they increase and spread during a long incubation period that is followed by a relatively short clinical disease phase, ending in death. PrP molecules can be broadly categorized as either 'good' (cellular) PrP(C) or 'bad' (scrapie prion-type) PrP(Sc), but both populations are heterogeneous and different forms of PrP(C) may influence various cellular activities. Both PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) are localized predominantly at the cell surface, with the C-terminus attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and both can exist in cleaved forms. PrP(C) also has cytosolic and transmembrane forms, and PrP(Sc) is known to exist in a variety of conformations and aggregation states. Here, we discuss the roles of different PrP isoforms in sickness and in health, and show the subcellular distributions of several forms of PrP that are particularly relevant for PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) conversion and prion-induced pathology in the hippocampus.
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57
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Martin-Lannerée S, Hirsch TZ, Hernandez-Rapp J, Halliez S, Vilotte JL, Launay JM, Mouillet-Richard S. PrP(C) from stem cells to cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:55. [PMID: 25364760 PMCID: PMC4207012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein PrP(C) was initially discovered as the normal counterpart of the pathological scrapie prion protein PrP(Sc), the main component of the infectious agent of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. While clues as to the physiological function of this ubiquitous protein were greatly anticipated from the development of knockout animals, PrP-null mice turned out to be viable and to develop without major phenotypic abnormalities. Notwithstanding, the discovery that hematopoietic stem cells from PrP-null mice have impaired long-term repopulating potential has set the stage for investigating into the role of PrP(C) in stem cell biology. A wealth of data have now exemplified that PrP(C) is expressed in distinct types of stem cells and regulates their self-renewal as well as their differentiation potential. A role for PrP(C) in the fate restriction of embryonic stem cells has further been proposed. Paralleling these observations, an overexpression of PrP(C) has been documented in various types of tumors. In line with the contribution of PrP(C) to stemness and to the proliferation of cancer cells, PrP(C) was recently found to be enriched in subpopulations of tumor-initiating cells. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role played by PrP(C) in stem cell biology and discuss how the subversion of its function may contribute to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Martin-Lannerée
- Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, INSERM UMR-S1124 Paris, France ; Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124 Paris, France
| | - Théo Z Hirsch
- Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, INSERM UMR-S1124 Paris, France ; Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124 Paris, France
| | - Julia Hernandez-Rapp
- Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, INSERM UMR-S1124 Paris, France ; Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124 Paris, France ; Université Paris Sud 11, ED419 Biosigne Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Halliez
- U892 Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- AP-HP Service de Biochimie, Fondation FondaMental, INSERM U942 Hôpital Lariboisière Paris, France ; Pharma Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd. Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, INSERM UMR-S1124 Paris, France ; Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124 Paris, France
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, He T, Zhang J, Li C. Prion protein and cancers. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:431-40. [PMID: 24681883 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal cellular prion protein, PrP(C) is a highly conserved and widely expressed cell surface glycoprotein in all mammals. The expression of PrP is pivotal in the pathogenesis of prion diseases; however, the normal physiological functions of PrP(C) remain incompletely understood. Based on the studies in cell models, a plethora of functions have been attributed to PrP(C). In this paper, we reviewed the potential roles that PrP(C) plays in cell physiology and focused on its contribution to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- Department of the First Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianlin He
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Yadav RK, Chae SW, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and cancer. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:75-88. [PMID: 25337575 PMCID: PMC4204165 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal organelle responsible for multiple cellular functions including protein folding and maturation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. ER stress is activated by a variety of factors and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which restores homeostasis or activates cell death. Multiple studies have clarified the link between ER stress and cancer, and particularly the involvement of the UPR. The UPR seems to adjust the paradoxical microenvironment of cancer and, as such, is one of resistance mechanisms against cancer therapy. This review describes the activity of different UPRs involved in tumorigenesis and resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Han Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Korea
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Translation of the prion protein mRNA is robust in astrocytes but does not amplify during reactive astrocytosis in the mouse brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95958. [PMID: 24752288 PMCID: PMC3994155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases induce neurodegeneration in specific brain areas for undetermined reasons. A thorough understanding of the localization of the disease-causing molecule, the prion protein (PrP), could inform on this issue but previous studies have generated conflicting conclusions. One of the more intriguing disagreements is whether PrP is synthesized by astrocytes. We developed a knock-in reporter mouse line in which the coding sequence of the PrP expressing gene (Prnp), was replaced with that for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Native GFP fluorescence intensity varied between and within brain regions. GFP was present in astrocytes but did not increase during reactive gliosis induced by scrapie prion infection. Therefore, reactive gliosis associated with prion diseases does not cause an acceleration of local PrP production. In addition to aiding in Prnp gene activity studies, this reporter mouse line will likely prove useful for analysis of chimeric animals produced by stem cell and tissue transplantation experiments.
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Villarreal-Calderon R, Franco-Lira M, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Harritt L, Pérez-Guillé B, Ferreira-Azevedo L, Drecktrah D, Zhu H, Sun Q, Torres-Jardón R, Aragón-Flores M, Calderón-Garcidueñas A, Diaz P, Calderón-Garcidueñas L. Up-regulation of mRNA ventricular PRNP prion protein gene expression in air pollution highly exposed young urbanites: endoplasmic reticulum stress, glucose regulated protein 78, and nanosized particles. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23471-91. [PMID: 24287918 PMCID: PMC3876057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mexico City Metropolitan Area children and young adults exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants including fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) vs. clean air controls, exhibit myocardial inflammation and inflammasome activation with a differential right and left ventricular expression of key inflammatory genes and inflammasomes. We investigated the mRNA expression levels of the prion protein gene PRNP, which plays an important role in the protection against oxidative stress and metal toxicity, and the glucose regulated protein 78, a key protein in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, in ventricular autopsy samples from 30 children and young adults age 19.97 ± 6.8 years with a lifetime of low (n:4) vs. high (n:26) air pollution exposures. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies were carried out in human ventricles, and electron microscopy studies were also done in 5 young, highly exposed Mexico City dogs. There was significant left ventricular PRNP and bi-ventricular GRP78 mRNA up-regulation in Mexico City young urbanites vs. controls. PRNP up-regulation in the left ventricle was significantly different from the right, p < 0.0001, and there was a strong left ventricular PRNP and GRP78 correlation (p = 0.0005). Marked abnormalities in capillary endothelial cells, numerous nanosized particles in myocardial ER and in abnormal mitochondria characterized the highly exposed ventricles. Early and sustained cardiac ER stress could result in detrimental irreversible consequences in urban children, and while highly complex systems maintain myocardial homeostasis, failure to compensate for chronic myocardial inflammation, oxidative and ER stress, and particles damaging myocardial organelles may prime the development of pathophysiological cardiovascular states in young urbanites. Nanosized PM could play a key cardiac myocyte toxicity role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maricela Franco-Lira
- Hospital Central Militar, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City 11649, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.F.-L.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Angélica González-Maciel
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City 04320, Mexico; E-Mails: (A.G.-M.); (R.R.-R.); (B.P.-G.)
| | - Rafael Reynoso-Robles
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City 04320, Mexico; E-Mails: (A.G.-M.); (R.R.-R.); (B.P.-G.)
| | - Lou Harritt
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, the University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Guillé
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City 04320, Mexico; E-Mails: (A.G.-M.); (R.R.-R.); (B.P.-G.)
| | - Lara Ferreira-Azevedo
- Visiting Student, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Dan Drecktrah
- Division of Biological Sciences, the University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Mariana Aragón-Flores
- Hospital Central Militar, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City 11649, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.F.-L.); (M.A.-F.)
| | | | - Philippe Diaz
- Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, the University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Hospital Central Militar, Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City 11649, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.F.-L.); (M.A.-F.)
- The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, the University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; E-Mail:
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McNeill A, Healy DG, Schapira AHV, Taanman JW. Glucosylceramidase degradation in fibroblasts carrying bi-allelic Parkin mutations. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:402-3. [PMID: 23803291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Misiewicz M, Déry MA, Foveau B, Jodoin J, Ruths D, LeBlanc AC. Identification of a novel endoplasmic reticulum stress response element regulated by XBP1. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20378-91. [PMID: 23737521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.457242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms mediating PRNP gene expression is highly relevant to elucidating normal cellular prion protein (PrP) function(s) and the transmissibility of prion protein neurodegenerative diseases. Here, luciferase reporter assays showed that an endoplasmic reticulum stress element (ERSE)-like element, CCAAT-N26-CCACG in the human PRNP promoter, is regulated by ER stress and X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) but not by activating transcription factor 6 α (ATF6α). Bioinformatics identified the ERSE-26 motif in 37 other human genes in the absence of canonical ERSE sites except for three genes. Several of these genes are associated with a synaptic function or are involved in oxidative stress. Brefeldin A, tunicamycin, and thapsigargin ER stressors induced gene expression of PRNP and four randomly chosen ERSE-26-containing genes, ERLEC1, GADD45B, SESN2, and SLC38A5, in primary human neuron cultures or in the breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line, although the level of the response depends on the gene analyzed, the genetic background of the cells, the cell type, and the ER stressor. Overexpression of XBP1 increased, whereas siRNA knockdown of XBP1 considerably reduced, PRNP and ERLEC1 mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these results identify a novel ER stress regulator, which implicates the ER stress response in previously unrecognized cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Misiewicz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
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