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McGrath DS, Meitner A, Sears CR. The specificity of attentional biases by type of gambling: An eye-tracking study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190614. [PMID: 29385164 PMCID: PMC5791982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that gamblers develop an attentional bias for gambling-related stimuli. Compared to research on substance use, however, few studies have examined attentional biases in gamblers using eye-gaze tracking, which has many advantages over other measures of attention. In addition, previous studies of attentional biases in gamblers have not directly matched type of gambler with personally-relevant gambling cues. The present study investigated the specificity of attentional biases for individual types of gambling using an eye-gaze tracking paradigm. Three groups of participants (poker players, video lottery terminal/slot machine players, and non-gambling controls) took part in one test session in which they viewed 25 sets of four images (poker, VLTs/slot machines, bingo, and board games). Participants' eye fixations were recorded throughout each 8-second presentation of the four images. The results indicated that, as predicted, the two gambling groups preferentially attended to their primary form of gambling, whereas control participants attended to board games more than gambling images. The findings have clinical implications for the treatment of individuals with gambling disorder. Understanding the importance of personally-salient gambling cues will inform the development of effective attentional bias modification treatments for problem gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. McGrath
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amadeus Meitner
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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52
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Gambling Type, Substance Abuse, Health and Psychosocial Correlates of Male and Female Problem Gamblers in a Nationally Representative French Sample. J Gambl Stud 2017; 33:343-369. [PMID: 27351764 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies carried out on treatment-seeking problem gamblers (PG) have reported high levels of comorbid substance use disorders, and mental and physical health problems. Nevertheless, general population studies are still sparse, most of them have been carried out in the United States or Canada, and gender differences have not always been considered. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the type of games, and psychological and physical correlates in male and female PG in a nationally representative French sample. The total sample studied involved 25,647 subjects aged 15-85 years, including 333 PG and 25,314 non-problem gamblers (NPG). Data were extracted from a large survey of a representative sample of the French general population. They were evaluated for sociodemographic variables, gambling behavior, type of gambling activity, substance use, psychological distress, body mass index, chronic disease, and lack of sleep. Overall, there were significant differences between PG and NPG in gender, age, education, employment and marital status, substance use disorders (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine and heroin), psychological distress, obesity, lack of sleep and type of gambling activity. Although male and female PG had different profiles, the gambling type, especially strategic games, appeared as an important variable in the relationship between gender and problem gambling. This research underlines the importance of considering gender differences and gambling type in the study of gambling disorders. Identifying specific factors in the relationship between gender, gambling type and gambling problems may help improve clinical interventions and health promotion strategies.
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53
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Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F, Mestre-Bach G, Granero R, Tárrega S, Torrubia R, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Soriano-Mas C, Steward T, Moragas L, Baño M, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Menchón JM. Exploring the Relationship between Reward and Punishment Sensitivity and Gambling Disorder in a Clinical Sample: A Path Modeling Analysis. J Gambl Stud 2017; 33:579-597. [PMID: 27447184 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most individuals will gamble during their lifetime, yet only a select few will develop gambling disorder. Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory holds promise for providing insight into gambling disorder etiology and symptomatology as it ascertains that neurobiological differences in reward and punishment sensitivity play a crucial role in determining an individual's affect and motives. The aim of the study was to assess a mediational pathway, which included patients' sex, personality traits, reward and punishment sensitivity, and gambling-severity variables. The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Symptom Checklist-Revised, and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised were administered to a sample of gambling disorder outpatients (N = 831), diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, attending a specialized outpatient unit. Sociodemographic variables were also recorded. A structural equation model found that both reward and punishment sensitivity were positively and directly associated with increased gambling severity, sociodemographic variables, and certain personality traits while also revealing a complex mediational role for these dimensions. To this end, our findings suggest that the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire could be a useful tool for gaining a better understanding of different gambling disorder phenotypes and developing tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain. .,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge - Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge - Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Fortuna Edifici B, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salomé Tárrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Fortuna Edifici B, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Torrubia
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Fortuna Edifici B, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge - Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11-Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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54
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Estévez A, Rodríguez R, Díaz N, Granero R, Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, Fernández-Aranda F, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Baño M, Moragas L, Mallorquí-Bagué N, López-González H, Jauregui P, Onaindia J, Martín-Romera V, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. How do online sports gambling disorder patients compare with land-based patients? J Behav Addict 2017; 6:639-647. [PMID: 29076354 PMCID: PMC6034943 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Recent technological developments have brought about notable changes in the way people gamble. The widespread use of mobile Internet devices and gambling websites has led to a significant leap in the number of people who recreationally gamble. However, for some, gambling can turn into a psychiatric disorder resembling substance addiction. At present, there is a shortage of studies examining differences between adults with gambling disorder (GD) who exclusively make sports bets online, GD patients that are non-sports Internet gamblers, and offline gamblers. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the differences between these three groups, considering sociodemographic, personality, and clinical characteristics. Methods The sample consisted of 2,743 treatment-seeking male patients from the Pathological Gambling Unit at a university hospital. All patients met DSM-5 criteria for GD. Results We found that gamblers who exclusively engaged in non-sports Internet gambling activities were younger than offline gamblers and online sports gamblers. Non-sports Internet gamblers were also more likely to have greater levels of debt compared with offline gamblers. In terms of personality characteristics, our sample displayed low levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness and high levels of novelty seeking. In addition, online sports gamblers obtained higher scores in persistence than non-sports Internet gamblers and offline gamblers. Discussion and conclusion Although differences if terms of gambling severity were not identified between groups, GD patients who exclusively bet online appear to possess distinct personality characteristics and higher debt levels compared with offline gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Estévez
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment of the University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment of the University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Noelia Díaz
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment of the University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hibai López-González
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment of the University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paula Jauregui
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment of the University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jaione Onaindia
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment of the University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - José M. Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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55
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Cavalera C, Bastiani L, Gusmeroli P, Fiocchi A, Pagnini F, Molinari E, Castelnuovo G, Molinaro S. Italian Adult Gambling Behavior: At Risk and Problem Gambler Profiles. J Gambl Stud 2017; 34:647-657. [PMID: 29134497 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-017-9729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined adult gambling behaviours from a local perspective in order to assess the adult at risk and problem gambler's profile stratified by genre and by different forms of game. 4773 Italian adults from 18 to 94 years old were administered a survey to assess socio-cultural information related to gambling behaviour and the SOGS to evaluate gambling behaviour severity. Logistic regression evidenced that both at risk and problem gamblers are associated with male gender, players that use to play to more than one game, gambling with strategy-based games. People with a gambler father or both parents who used to gamble were significantly more associated with problem gambling behaviour than participants with non-gambler parents. These results present adult profiles of at risk and problem providing a more clear understanding about the relationships between gambling behavior severity and type of gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Cavalera
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Via Nirone 15, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Bastiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pamela Gusmeroli
- Atipica Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, Via Zappa 10, 20045, Besana in Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | - Adelmo Fiocchi
- Atipica Cooperativa Sociale Onlus, Via Zappa 10, 20045, Besana in Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | - Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Via Nirone 15, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Via Nirone 15, 20123, Milan, Italy.,Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Cadorna, 90, 28824, Località Piancavallo, Oggebbio, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Via Nirone 15, 20123, Milan, Italy.,Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Cadorna, 90, 28824, Località Piancavallo, Oggebbio, Verbania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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56
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Mouneyrac A, Lemercier C, Le Floch V, Challet-Bouju G, Moreau A, Jacques C, Giroux I. Cognitive Characteristics of Strategic and Non-strategic Gamblers. J Gambl Stud 2017; 34:199-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-017-9710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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57
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Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Wolz I, Baño M, Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, Agüera Z, Hinney A, Diéguez C, Casanueva FF, Gearhardt AN, Hakansson A, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Food Addiction in Gambling Disorder: Frequency and Clinical Outcomes. Front Psychol 2017; 8:473. [PMID: 28421009 PMCID: PMC5378803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The food addiction (FA) model is receiving increasing interest from the scientific community. Available empirical evidence suggests that this condition may play an important role in the development and course of physical and mental health conditions such as obesity, eating disorders, and other addictive behaviors. However, no epidemiological data exist on the comorbidity of FA and gambling disorder (GD), or on the phenotype for the co-occurrence of GD+FA. Objectives: To determine the frequency of the comorbid condition GD+FA, to assess whether this comorbidity features a unique clinical profile compared to GD without FA, and to generate predictive models for the presence of FA in a GD sample. Method: Data correspond to N = 458 treatment-seeking patients who met criteria for GD in a hospital unit specialized in behavioral addictions. Results: Point prevalence for FA diagnosis was 9.2%. A higher ratio of FA was found in women (30.5%) compared to men (6.0%). Lower FA prevalence was associated with older age. Patients with high FA scores were characterized by worse psychological state, and the risk of a FA diagnosis was increased in patients with high scores in the personality traits harm avoidance and self-transcendence, and low scores in cooperativeness (R2 = 0.18). Conclusion: The co-occurrence of FA in treatment-seeking GD patients is related to poorer emotional and psychological states. GD treatment interventions and related behavioral addictions should consider potential associations with problematic eating behavior and aim to include techniques that aid patients in better managing this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Wolz
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación SanitariaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Research Area, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Anders Hakansson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PsychiatryLund, Sweden
| | - José M Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Bonnaire C, Bungener C, Varescon I. Sensation seeking in a community sample of French gamblers: Comparison between strategic and non-strategic gamblers. Psychiatry Res 2017; 250:1-9. [PMID: 28135641 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between sensation seeking and gambling disorder (GD) in a community sample of gamblers (when controlling for the effect of substance use, gender and age) and see whether sensation seeking scores depend on the gambling activity when comparing strategic and non-strategic gamblers. A total of 380 gamblers was recruited. First, pathological gamblers (PGs) (n =143) were compared to non-pathological gamblers (NPGs) (n =237). Second, strategic gamblers (n =93) were compared to non-strategic gamblers (n =110). Sociodemographic data, gambling behavior (SOGS, DSM-IV), tobacco and alcohol use (CAGE), and sensation seeking (SSS) were evaluated. PGs have higher boredom susceptibility scores than NPGs and this factor is associated with GD. Nevertheless, the relationship between sensation seeking and GD depends on the gambling activity. In fact, sensation seeking is associated with GD in strategic gamblers only. PGs playing strategic games display different profiles from non-strategic PGs. Thus, factors associated with GD differ when the gambling activity is taken into account. These findings are consistent with the idea of it being essential to identify clinically distinct subgroups of PGs in the treatment of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonnaire
- Paris Descartes University, Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
| | - Catherine Bungener
- Paris Descartes University, Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
| | - Isabelle Varescon
- Paris Descartes University, Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
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59
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Bonnaire C, Barrault S, Aïte A, Cassotti M, Moutier S, Varescon I. Relationship between pathological gambling, alexithymia, and gambling type. Am J Addict 2017; 26:152-160. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonnaire
- Paris Descartes University; Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
| | - Servane Barrault
- François Rabelais de Tours University; Laboratory of Ages of Life Psychology; Tours France
| | - Ania Aïte
- CNRS Unit 3521, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education; Paris Descartes University; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
| | - Mathieu Cassotti
- CNRS Unit 3521, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education; Paris Descartes University; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
| | - Sylvain Moutier
- Paris Descartes University; Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
| | - Isabelle Varescon
- Paris Descartes University; Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
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Navas JF, Billieux J, Perandrés-Gómez A, López-Torrecillas F, Cándido A, Perales JC. Impulsivity traits and gambling cognitions associated with gambling preferences and clinical status. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1275739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Navas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joël Billieux
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychology Department, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute for Health and Behavior, Integrative Research Unit on Social and Individual Development (INSIDE), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ana Perandrés-Gómez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca López-Torrecillas
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Cándido
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José C. Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Håkansson A, Mårdhed E, Zaar M. Who Seeks Treatment When Medicine Opens the Door to Pathological Gambling Patients-Psychiatric Comorbidity and Heavy Predominance of Online Gambling. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:255. [PMID: 29238309 PMCID: PMC5712539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed treatment-seeking behavior and patient characteristics in pathological gambling focusing on psychiatric comorbidity, particularly in a setting of heavy exposure to online gambling. This study aimed to address patient characteristics in a novel health care-based treatment modality for pathological gambling, including potential associations between gambling types, psychiatric comorbidity, and gender. METHODS All patients undergoing structured assessment between January 2016 and April 2017 were included (N = 106), and patient records were reviewed for cooccurring psychiatric disorders and types of problem games. RESULTS Eighty percent were men, and 58% received a psychiatric disorder apart from pathological gambling. Problematic gambling on online casino and online sports betting represented 84% of patients. Non-substance-related psychiatric comorbidity was significantly associated with female gender. CONCLUSION Online gambling is more clearly predominating in this setting than in studies from other countries. High rates of comorbidity call for structured psychiatric assessment in problem gambling, with a particular focus on female patients with pathological gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Håkansson
- Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Research Unit/Gambling Disorder Unit, Skane Region, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Mårdhed
- Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Research Unit/Gambling Disorder Unit, Skane Region, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mats Zaar
- Malmö Addiction Center, Clinical Research Unit/Gambling Disorder Unit, Skane Region, Malmö, Sweden
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Xouridas S, Jasny J, Becker T. An Ecological Approach to Electronic Gambling Machines and Socioeconomic Deprivation in Germany. JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES 2016. [DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2016.33.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, gambling research has primarily focused on the broader population in prevalence studies, neglecting the importance and influence of the local socioeconomic context in the development and maintenance of gambling disorders. To analyze the interplay between contextual and compositional factors in the market for electronic gambling machines (EGMs) in Germany, we assessed the EGM densities and socioeconomic deprivation in 244 local communities within Baden-Wuerttemberg. Our results suggest that EGM density is statistically associated with 3 socioeconomic determinants: The shares of migrants, unemployed, and high-school-educated people in the communities are statistically significant variables in our linear regression model, whereas younger age, male gender, and marital status exhibit no statistical associations with EGM density. The share of unemployed people is the only variable of statistical and practical significance. Our analysis advocates area-based policy measures to minimize gambling-related harm. By decreasing EGM densities in communities with high levels of unemployment, we expect to protect at-risk population strata that are most vulnerable to gambling exposure.
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Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Steward T, Mestre-Bach G, Baño M, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Moragas L, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Tárrega S, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Compulsive Buying Behavior: Characteristics of Comorbidity with Gambling Disorder. Front Psychol 2016; 7:625. [PMID: 27199853 PMCID: PMC4850691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Compulsive buying behavior (CBB) has begun to be recognized as a condition worthy of attention by clinicians and researchers. Studies on the commonalities between CBB and other behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder (GD) exist in the literature, but additional research is needed to assess the frequency and clinical relevance of the comorbidity of CBB and GD. The aim of the study was to estimate the point-prevalence of CBB+GD in a clinical setting. Data corresponded to n = 3221 treatment-seeking patients who met criteria for CBB or GD at a public hospital unit specialized in treating behavioral addictions. Three groups were compared: only-CBB (n = 127), only-GD (n = 3118) and comorbid CBB+GD (n = 24). Prevalence for the co-occurrence of CBB+GD was 0.75%. In the stratum of patients with GD, GD+CBB comorbidity obtained relatively low point prevalence (0.77%), while in the subsample of CBB patients the estimated prevalence of comorbid GD was relatively high (18.9%). CBB+GD comorbidity was characterized by lower prevalence of single patients, higher risk of other behavioral addictions (sex, gaming or internet), older age and age of onset. CBB+GD registered a higher proportion of women compared to only-GD (37.5 vs. 10.0%) but a higher proportion of men compared to only-CBB (62.5 vs. 24.4%). Compared to only-GD patients, the simultaneous presence of CBB+GD was associated with increased psychopathology and dysfunctional levels of harm avoidance. This study provides empirical evidence to better understand CBB, GD and their co-occurrence. Future research should help delineate the processes through which people acquire and develop this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
| | - Salomé Tárrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Ciber de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain
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Jiménez-Murcia S, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Hakänsson A, Tárrega S, Valdepérez A, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Baño M, Sauvaget A, Romeu M, Steward T, Menchón JM. Treatment Outcome in Male Gambling Disorder Patients Associated with Alcohol Use. Front Psychol 2016; 7:465. [PMID: 27065113 PMCID: PMC4815556 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and short-term response to treatment (post intervention) in male patients with gambling disorder enrolled in a group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program. Methods: The sample consisted of 111 male individuals with a diagnosis of Gambling Disorder, with a mean age of 45 years (SD = 12.2). All participants were evaluated by a comprehensive assessment battery and assigned to CBT groups of 10–14 patients attending 16 weekly outpatient sessions lasting 90 min each. Results: The highest mean pre- and post-therapy differences were recorded for the alcohol risk/dependence group on the obsessive/compulsive and anxiety dimensions of the SCL-90-R. As regards the presence of relapses and dropouts over the course of the CBT sessions, the results show a significant association with moderate effect size: patients with risk consumption or alcohol dependence were more likely to present poor treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Alcohol abuse was frequent in GD, especially in patients with low family income and high accumulated debts. High levels of somatization and high overall psychopathology (measured by the SCL-90-R) were associated with increased risk of alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse was also associated with poor response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Departament of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Departament of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Hakänsson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Salomé Tárrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Valdepérez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital Nantes, France
| | - Maria Romeu
- Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Departament of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; CIBER Salud Mental, Instituto Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the current study were to establish the prevalence and correlates of strategic and nonstrategic gambling, using data from an epidemiological survey conducted in 2010 in Singapore. METHODS Data were used from a nationwide cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the resident (citizens and permanent residents) population of Singaporean adults aged 18 years and older (N=6616). All respondents were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen to determine the gambling activities and screen for pathological gambling. The diagnosis of mental disorders was established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and relevant sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. In the analysis, 1835 adults who had gambled at least once in their lives were included. RESULTS The prevalence of strategic gamblers only, both strategic and nonstrategic gamblers, and nonstrategic gamblers was 12.9%, 30%, and 57.1%, respectively. As compared with nonstrategic gamblers, strategic gamblers were more likely to be males, and economically inactive (vs employed). They were less likely to be of Indian ethnicity and were currently married and divorced/separated. The prevalence of pathological gambling was significantly higher among strategic gamblers only, and both strategic and nonstrategic gamblers than nonstrategic gamblers (7.1% and 7.3% vs 2.1%; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study on gambling preferences in a multiethnic community sample has reiterated some of the findings from previous studies, whereas others are unique to this population.
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