51
|
Xu W, Yan J, Ocak U, Lenahan C, Shao A, Tang J, Zhang J, Zhang JH. Melanocortin 1 receptor attenuates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage by controlling mitochondrial metabolism via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway in rats. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:522-539. [PMID: 33391490 PMCID: PMC7738864 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis contribute greatly to early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study hypothesized that activation of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), using BMS-470539, attenuates EBI by controlling mitochondrial metabolism after SAH. Methods: We utilized BMS-470539, MSG-606, selisistat, and PGC-1α to verify the neuroprotective effects of MC1R. We evaluated short- and long-term neurobehavior after SAH. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and Golgi staining techniques were performed to assess changes in protein levels. Results: The results of western blotting suggested that the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α were increased, reaching their peaks at 24 h following SAH. Moreover, BMS-470539 treatment notably attenuated neurological deficits, and also reduced long-term spatial learning and memory impairments caused by SAH. The underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of the BMS-470539/MC1R system were mediated through the suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission by increasing the levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, UCP2, SOD, GPx, Bcl-2, cyto-Drp1, and ATP, while decreasing the levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, mito-Drp1, ROS, GSH/GSSG, and NADPH/NADP+ ratios. The neuroprotective effects of the BMS-470539/MC1R system were significantly abolished by MSG-606, selisistat, and PGC-1α siRNA. Conclusions: The activation of MC1R with BMS-470539 significantly attenuated EBI after SAH by suppressing the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission through the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
52
|
The Dual Role of Autophagy in Cancer Development and a Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer by Targeting Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010179. [PMID: 33375363 PMCID: PMC7795059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a delicate intracellular degradation process that occurs due to diverse stressful conditions, including the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles as well as nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy is initiated by the creation of autophagosomes, which capture and encapsulate abnormal components. Afterward, autophagosomes assemble with lysosomes to recycle or remove degradative cargo. The regulation of autophagy has bipolar roles in cancer suppression and promotion in diverse cancers. Furthermore, autophagy modulates the features of tumorigenesis, cancer metastasis, cancer stem cells, and drug resistance against anticancer agents. Some autophagy regulators are used to modulate autophagy for anticancer therapy but the dual roles of autophagy limit their application in anticancer therapy, and present as the main reason for therapy failure. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of autophagy, tumorigenesis, metastasis, cancer stem cells, and resistance against anticancer agents. Finally, we discuss whether targeting autophagy is a promising and effective therapeutic strategy in anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|
53
|
Zheng W, Wang Z, Jiang X, Zhao Q, Shen J. Targeted Drugs for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15153-15186. [PMID: 33314936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease that can lead to right ventricular failure and premature death. Although approved drugs have been shown to be safe and effective, PAH remains a severe clinical condition, and the long-term survival of patients with PAH is still suboptimal. Thus, potential therapeutic targets and new agents to treat PAH are urgently needed. In recent years, a variety of related pathways and potential therapeutic targets have been found, which brings new hope for PAH therapy. In this perspective, not only are the marketed drugs used to treat PAH summarized but also the recently developed novel pharmaceutical therapies currently in clinical trials are discussed. Furthermore, the advances in natural products as potential treatment for PAH are also updated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Li HP, Liu JT, Chen YX, Wang WB, Han Y, Yao QP, Qi YX. Suppressed nuclear envelope proteins activate autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells during cyclic stretch application. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118855. [PMID: 32926941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctions of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play crucial roles in vascular remodeling in hypertension, which correlates with pathologically elevated cyclic stretch due to increased arterial pressure. Recent researches reported that autophagy, a life-sustaining process, was increased in hypertension. However, the mechanobiological mechanism of VSMC autophagy and its potential roles in vascular remodeling are still unclear. Using renal hypertensive rats in vivo and FX5000 stretch application Unit in vitro, the autophagy of VSMCs was detected. The results showed that LC3II remarkably enhanced in hypertensive rats and 15% cyclic stretch (mimic the pathologically increased mechanical stretch in hypertension), and the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was suppressed in 15% cyclic stretch. Administration of autophagy inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, repressed VSMC proliferation efficiently, but did not affect the degradation of two important nuclear envelope (NE) proteins, lamin A/C and emerin. Using RNA interference to decline the expression of lamin A/C and emerin, respectively, we discovered that autophagy was upregulated under both static and 5% cyclic stretch conditions, accompanying with the decreased mTOR activity. During 15% cyclic stretch application, mTOR inhibition was responsible for autophagy elevation. Chloroquine administration in vivo inhibited the expression of PCNA (marker of proliferation) of abdominal aorta in hypertensive rats. Altogether, these results demonstrated that pathological cyclic stretch suppresses the expression of lamin A/C and emerin which subsequently represses mTOR pathway so as to induce autophagy activation. Blocking autophagic flux may be a practicable way to relieve the pathological vascular remodeling in hypertensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan-Xiu Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Hou Y, Tang Y, Wang X, Ai X, Wang H, Li X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Meng X, Zhang J. Rhodiola Crenulata ameliorates exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in mice by suppressing mitophagy in skeletal muscle. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3161-3173. [PMID: 32855685 PMCID: PMC7444336 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate the potential effects of Rhodiola crenulata oral liquid (RCOL) on exhaustive exercise (EE)-induced fatigue in mice. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice from five treatment groups (n=10 per group) were orally administered with sterilized water for the Control and EE groups and/or RCOL at doses of 1.02, 3.03 and 6.06 ml/kg/day, once daily for 2 weeks. Anti-fatigue activity was subsequently evaluated by measuring the levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total anti-oxidative capability (T-AOC). Histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ultrastructures of mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Energy supply capacity was assessed using citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Na+-K+-ATPase, and liver and quadriceps glycogen content assays. Expression levels of mRNA and protein associated with mitophagy in the skeletal muscle were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. RCOL was observed to markedly inhibit fatigue-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and T-AOC, whilst reducing the accumulation of LA, CK, LDH and MDA. Histological analysis of the quadriceps femoris tissue suggested increased numbers of muscle fibers in the RCOL groups compared with those in the EE group. RCOL administration was found to reverse EE-induced mitochondrial structural damage and alleviated defects inflicted onto the energy supply mechanism by increasing CS, SDH, Na+-K+-ATPase and glycogen levels. Additionally, RCOL reduced the protein expression of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3, sequestosome 1 and ubiquitin, whilst lowering the gene expression of PINK1 and Parkin. Taken together, results from the present study clarified the anti-fatigue effect of RCOL, where the underlying mechanism may be associated with increased antioxidant activity, enhanced energy production and the inhibition of mitophagy by suppressing the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xuanhao Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Exercise and Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zhu B, Mei W, Jiao T, Yang S, Xu X, Yu H, Ding Y, Guo S, Meng B, Zhao L, He M, Dong K, Guo H, Guo X, Zhang H, Dang R, Xiang G, Wen N. Neuregulin 4 alleviates hepatic steatosis via activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in aged mice fed a high fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173350. [PMID: 32726654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is a brown fat-enriched endocrine factor that exerts beneficial metabolic effects on insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for preventing hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy. Aged C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a high fat diet with or without Nrg4 intervention for 3 months. Lipid accumulation in the liver was investigated. Autophagy related protein levels along with related signaling pathways that regulate autophagy were evaluated. In addition, the effects of Nrg4 on autophagy were also determined in cultured L-02 cells. Nrg4 decreased high-fat induced intrahepatic lipid content both in vivo and in vitro. Autophagy level in the liver also decreased in obese mice and Nrg4 intervention reactivated autophagy. Further, Nrg4 intervention was found to have activated autophagy via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Moreover, when the AMPK/mTOR pathway was suppressed or autophagy was inhibited, the beneficial effects of Nrg4 intervention on hepatic steatosis were diminished. These results indicated that Nrg4 intervention attenuated hepatic steatosis by promoting autophagy in the liver of aged obese mice. Additionally, Nrg4 induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Wen Mei
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foping Road 40, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ting Jiao
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Hanying Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shuqin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Biying Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Mingjuan He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Keming Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Ximin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Haisong Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ruijie Dang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Guangda Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhai C, Feng W, Shi W, Wang J, Zhang Q, Yan X, Wang Q, Li S, Liu L, Pan Y, Zhu Y, Chai L, Li C, Liu P, Chen Y, Li M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation by stimulating autophagy-mediated E-cadherin/CDH1 down-regulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173302. [PMID: 32659302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is elevated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and promotes the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Meanwhile, S1P has been found to induce the activation of autophagy in several types of human diseases including cancers. However, it is still unclear whether activation of autophagy mediates S1P-induced PASMCs proliferation, and detailed mechanisms responsible for these processes are indefinite. The aims of this study are to address these issues. S1P dose- and time-dependently reduced the expression of E-cadherin/CDH1 and stimulated PASMCs proliferation; this was accompanied with the elevation of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), up-regulation and ubiquitination of BECN1 and the activation of autophagy. Prior silencing TRAF2 or BECN1 using siRNA or pre-incubation of cells with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine phosphate (CQ) suppressed S1P-induced autophagy activation and subsequent CDH1 degradation and further PASMCs proliferation. Taken together, our study indicates that S1P promotes the activation of autophagy by accelerating TRAF2-mediated BECN1 up-regulation and ubiquitination, which in turn results in CDH1 reduction and contributes to PASMCs proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Lv X, Chen W, Sun W, Hussain Z, Wang S, Wang J. Analysis of lncRNAs Expression Profiles in Hair Follicle of Hu Sheep Lambskin. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061035. [PMID: 32549352 PMCID: PMC7341247 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambskin of the Hu sheep exhibits high economic value due to its water-wave pattern. Wool curvature is the key factor of the pattern types and quality of lambskin, and it is formed by the interaction between dermal papilla cells and hair matrix cells in the hair follicle, which is regulated by various genes and signaling pathways. Herein, three full-sibling pairs of two-day-old healthy lambs (n = 6) were divided into a straight wool group (ST) and small waves group (SM) with three repetitions. RNA-seq was applied to determine the expression profile of mRNAs and lncRNAs in Hu sheep hair follicles. 25 differentially expressed mRNAs and 75 differentially expressed lncRNAs were found between SM and ST. FGF12, ATP1B4, and TCONS_00279168 were probably associated with hair follicle development. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis were implemented for the functional annotation of target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs. The results showed that many genes, such as FGF12 and ATP1B4, were found enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling, MAPK signaling, and Ras signaling pathway associated with hair follicle growth and development. In addition, the interaction network of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs showed that a total of 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with 12 differentially expressed mRNAs, which may be as candidate mRNAs and lncRNAs. TCONS_00279168 may target ATP1B4 and FGF12 to regulate MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Ras signaling pathways involved in the sheep hair follicle development process. These results will provide the basis for exploring hair follicle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (Z.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Weihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (Z.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (Z.H.); (S.W.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-0514-87979213 (W.S.)
| | - Zahid Hussain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (Z.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Shanhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (Z.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (W.C.); (Z.H.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-0514-87979213 (W.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Kong C, Wang C, Shi Y, Yan L, Xu J, Qi W. Active vitamin D activates chondrocyte autophagy to reduce osteoarthritis via mediating the AMPK–mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:434-442. [PMID: 31815524 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease. Vitamin D (VD) is essential for bone health. We hypothesized that active VD could be used as a therapeutic treatment for OA. Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have been found in patients with OA, and thus the serum level of VD could be diagnostic of OA. To test this, we established a mouse model of OA. The results from staining with hematoxylin–eosin and Safranin O – Fast Green indicated that active VD reduced the symptoms of OA in mice. The results from Western blotting indicated that treatment with VD increased the activity of the p-AMPK–AMPK signaling pathway and decreased the p-mTOR–mTOR pathway; it also increased the ratio of LC3II:LC3I antibodies and the protein expression levels of Beclin-1, but decreased the level of p62. Further, treatment with VD reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 both in cartilage tissues and in chondrocytes. Administration of the AMPK inhibitor compound C and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reversed these changes following VD treatment. In addition, the results from transfection with mRFP-GFP-LC3 indicated that active VD led to autophagosome aggregation in OA chondrocytes. 3-MA inhibited cell autophagy and promoted inflammation in OA. This study provides evidence that active VD activate chondrocyte autophagy to reduce OA inflammation via activating the AMPK–mTOR signaling pathway. Treatment with active VD could be a novel therapeutic option for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Kong
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, P.R. China
| | - Changlei Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Shi
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, P.R. China
| | - Wufang Qi
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300190, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Wang Z, Shi Y, Chen W, Wei H, Shang J. Mesenchymal stem cells repair bone marrow damage of aging rats and regulate autophagy and aging genes. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:792-800. [PMID: 32432372 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in repairing senile bone marrow injury and the underlying mechanism. Adenoviral vectors expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to label MSCs. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and xanthine oxidation (XTO) methods. The proportions of CD34, CD3+ cells, cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry, Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and comet assay. Tissues were stained by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and their changes were observed under a transmission electron microscopy. Expression levels of age-related and autophagy-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR and Western Blot. MSCs were successfully implanted into the bone marrow of aging rats. We found that the SOD activity was increased and MDA content was reduced in MSCs group. The proportions of CD34 cells were significantly more in the MSCs group than those in the Model group, and bone marrow cell colony formation and cell viability were both greatly increased in MSCs group. The proportions of CD3+ cells and level of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased significantly, while IL-6 level was reduced greatly in MSCs group. Moreover, the bone marrow tissues of the model group were severely damaged, but those of the MSCs group were significantly improved. In addition, MSCs were involved in regulation of aging-related genes and autophagy-related genes. In conclusion, our findings showed that MSCs can repair bone marrow damage in aging rats, and regulate aging- and autophagy-related genes and immune response. SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigated the role of MSCs in the repair of senile bone marrow injury and the underlying mechanism. The effects of MSCs on physiological and biochemical indicators, cell function, tissue structure differences and pathological changes in aging rats were studied. It was found that MSCs can repair bone marrow damage in aging rats. MSCs regulate aging and autophagy-related genes and its involvement in immune response. Our findings improve the understandings on the regulatory mechanism of MSCs and provide key evidence for the study of MSCs in bone marrow repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yibin Shi
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Special Department for Cadres, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Li W, Ren Y, Meng T, Yang W, Zhang W. miR‐129‐5p attenuates hypoxia‐induced apoptosis in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes by activating autophagy. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3200. [PMID: 32298509 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yanping Ren
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Tianyu Meng
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Dengler F. Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072428. [PMID: 32244507 PMCID: PMC7177550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a pivotal cellular energy sensor, mediating the adaptation to low energy levels by deactivating anabolic processes and activating catabolic processes in order to restore the cellular ATP supply when the cellular AMP/ATP ratio is increased. Besides this well-known role, it has also been shown to exert protective effects under hypoxia. While an insufficient supply with oxygen might easily deplete cellular energy levels, i.e., ATP concentration, manifold other mechanisms have been suggested and are heavily disputed regarding the activation of AMPK under hypoxia independently from cellular AMP concentrations. However, an activation of AMPK preceding energy depletion could induce a timely adaptation reaction preventing more serious damage. A connection between AMPK and the master regulator of hypoxic adaptation via gene transcription, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), has also been taken into account, orchestrating their concerted protective action. This review will summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms of AMPK activation under hypoxia and its interrelationship with HIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Chen Y, Yang T, Chen S, Qi S, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Silver nanoparticles regulate autophagy through lysosome injury and cell hypoxia in prostate cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22474. [PMID: 32043710 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are now being used for cancer treatment. Although studies on the application of silver nanoparticles in cancer treatment are burgeoning, few studies have investigated the toxicology mechanisms of autophagy in cancer cells under exposure to sublethal silver nanoparticles. Here, we clarified the distinct mechanisms of silver nanoparticles for the regulation of autophagy in prostate cancer PC-3 cells under sublethal exposure. Silver nanoparticle treatment caused lysosome injury, including the decline of lysosomal membrane integrity, decrease of lysosomal quantity, and attenuation of lysosomal protease activity, which resulted in blockage of autophagic flux. In addition, sublethal silver nanoparticle exposure activated AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent signaling pathway to modulate autophagy, which resulted from silver nanoparticles-induced cell hypoxia and energy deficiency. Taken together, the results show that silver nanoparticles could regulate autophagy via lysosome injury and cell hypoxia in PC-3 cells under sublethal dose exposure. This study will provide an experimental basis for the cancer therapy of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqun Chen
- Department of Biological Pharmaceutical, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiyong Qi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Liao W, Liu J, Wang S, Xue Z, Zheng F, Feng F, Liu W. Metabolic profiling reveals that salidroside antagonizes hypoxic injury via modulating energy and lipid metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 122:109700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
65
|
Dou X, Ding Q, Lai S, Jiang F, Song Q, Zhao X, Fu A, Moustaid-Moussa N, Su D, Li S. Salidroside alleviates lipotoxicity-induced cell death through inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs pathway, and independently of AMPK and autophagy in AML-12 mouse hepatocytes. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
66
|
Ge C, Zhang J, Feng F. Salidroside enhances the anti-cancerous effect of imatinib on human acute monocytic leukemia via the induction of autophagy-related apoptosis through AMPK activation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25022-25033. [PMID: 35528698 PMCID: PMC9070041 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01683j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the typical tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib has been the first-line antineoplastic agent for both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, a large number of patients are still resistant to the benefits of imatinib, and they have a dissatisfactory prognosis. Salidroside, a compound that is extracted from natural plants, has been reported to have an excellent anticancer effect and few side effects. In the present study, we have developed a new combination therapy strategy of salidroside and imatinib for combating the growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As demonstrated by the anti-proliferation assay, salidroside exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against myeloid leukemia cells. Moreover, cells treated by the combination therapy of salidroside and imatinib displayed a clear lower growth rate than cells only treated by imatinib, indicating that salidroside has a positive effect on enhancing the cytotoxicity of imatinib against leukemia cells. Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that autophagy marker proteins in leukemia cells, including LC3, p62, and Beclin1, displayed a significant expression change after treating them with salidroside plus imatinib, with the levels of LC3 and Beclin1 dramatically increasing while the expression of p62 was significantly decreased. Moreover, an obvious down-regulation of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR expression levels in leukemia cells after treatment with salidroside plus imatinib suggested that the PI3K/mTOR pathway plays an important role in the process of cell apoptosis induced by salidroside or imatinib. Further studies showed that pre-incubating the cells with an autophagy inhibitor dramatically inhibited the ability of imatinib to induce autophagy, but did not inhibit the ability of salidroside. The underlying causes were subsequently explored and the results showed that silencing AMPKα1, the most important regulator of autophagy, dramatically attenuates the ability of salidroside to induce cell apoptosis. These results together indicated that salidroside enhances the cytotoxicity of imatinib on acute monocytic leukemia via the induction of autophagy-related apoptosis through AMPK activation. The unique advantages of combination therapy were further confirmed by in vivo experiments, with the tumor-bearing cells treated with salidroside plus imatinib achieving the best anti-tumor effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College Meicheng Road No. 4 Huaian City Jiangsu Province 223003 P. R. China
| | - Junli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College Meicheng Road No. 4 Huaian City Jiangsu Province 223003 P. R. China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College Meicheng Road No. 4 Huaian City Jiangsu Province 223003 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells require sufficient oxygen (O2) for biological activity and survival. When the oxygen demand exceeds its supply, the oxygen levels in local tissues or the whole body decrease (termed hypoxia), leading to a metabolic crisis, threatening physiological functions and viability. Therefore, eukaryotes have developed an efficient and rapid oxygen sensing system: hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The hypoxic responses are controlled by HIFs, which induce the expression of several adaptive genes to increase the oxygen supply and support anaerobic ATP generation in eukaryotic cells. Hypoxia also contributes to a functional decline during the aging process. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms regulating HIF-1α and aging-associated signaling proteins, such as sirtuins, AMP-activated protein kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, UNC-51-like kinase 1, and nuclear factor κB, and their roles in aging and aging-related diseases. In addition, the effects of prenatal hypoxia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-induced intermittent hypoxia have been reviewed due to their involvement in the progression and severity of many diseases, including cancer and other aging-related diseases. The pathophysiological consequences and clinical manifestations of prenatal hypoxia and OSA-induced chronic intermittent hypoxia are discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
68
|
Effects of AMPK on Apoptosis and Energy Metabolism of Gastric Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats with Diabetic Gastroparesis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2019; 77:165-177. [PMID: 30968342 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-019-00870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of AMPK on apoptosis and energy metabolism of gastric smooth muscle cells in diabetic rats and to explore the role of AMPK in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). After establishment of a diabetic rat model, rats were divided into normal control (NC), 4-week (DM4W), 6-week (DM6W), and 8-week (DM8W) diabetic model groups. The gastric residual pigment ratio, intestinal transit rate, and intestinal propulsion rate in each group were detected to confirm the successful establishment of the DGP model. The spontaneous contraction in isolated gastric smooth muscle strips of the NC and DM8W groups was experimentally observed. The expression of phospho-AMPK, AMPK, phospho-LKB1, LKB1, phospho-TAK1, TAK1, and CaMMKβ in rat gastric smooth muscle tissues was detected by western blot analysis; ADP, AMP, ATP contents, and the energy charge were detected using Elisa; and apoptosis of gastric smooth muscle cells was detected by flow cytometry. The rat gastric smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro, and treated with an AMPK inhibitor and an agonist. At 24 and 48 h, the effects of AMPK on apoptosis and energy metabolism of gastric smooth muscle cells were observed. Reduced spontaneous contractions, AMPK activation, cell apoptosis, and energy metabolism disorders were observed in gastric smooth muscle tissues of a diabetic rat, and AMPK activation was associated with an increased ratio of ADP/ATP, AMP/ATP, LKB1 activity, and CaMMKβ expression. From in vitro cell culture experiments, we found that AMPK activation of high-glucose conditions promoted cell apoptosis. Inhibition of AMPK had no obvious effect on apoptosis at the early stage with high glucose, but the inhibitory effect was significant at the late stage with high glucose. AMPK can regulate both mitochondrial metabolism and glycolysis pathways under high-glucose conditions. During the early stage with high glucose, AMPK was the main promotion factor of the mitochondrial metabolism pathway, but did not increase the ATP production, AMPK also promoted the glycolysis pathway. During the late stage with high glucose, AMPK was a major inhibitor of the mitochondrial pathway, and still played a role in promoting the glycolytic pathway, which acted as the main regulator. Apoptosis and energy metabolism disorders were present in gastric smooth muscle cells during the occurrence of DGP. Under high-glucose condition, AMPK was activated, which can promote apoptosis, change the energetic metabolism pathway of cells, inhibit mitochondrial energy metabolism, and promote glycolysis.
Collapse
|
69
|
Zhu B, Li Y, Xiang L, Zhang J, Wang L, Guo B, Liang M, Chen L, Xiang L, Dong J, Liu M, Mei W, Li H, Xiang G. Alogliptin improves survival and health of mice on a high-fat diet. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12883. [PMID: 30644630 PMCID: PMC6413659 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alogliptin is a commonly prescribed drug treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that long‐term intervention with alogliptin (0.03% w/w in diet) improves survival and health of mice on a high‐fat diet. Alogliptin intervention takes beneficial effects associated with longevity, including increased insulin sensitivity, attenuated functionality decline, decreased organ pathology, preserved mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative stress. Autophagy activation is proposed as an underlying mechanism of these beneficial effects. We conclude that alogliptin intervention could be considered as a potential strategy for extending lifespan and healthspan in obesity and overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Yixiang Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | | | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Bei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Long Chen
- Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Wen Mei
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| | - Guangda Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology; Wuhan General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army; Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Cai G, Liu J, Wang M, Su L, Cai M, Huang K, Li X, Li M, Wang L, Huang X. Mutual promotion of FGF21 and PPARγ attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:252-261. [PMID: 30714402 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In this study, we reported for the first time that FGF21 alleviated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension through attenuation of increased pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial remodeling and collagen deposition in vivo, and we confirmed the mutual promotion of FGF21 and PPARγ in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, we found that FGF21 and PPARγ mutually promote each other's expression via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and KLB protein in vitro and in vivo. Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and serious pathological phenomenon with a poor prognosis, and current therapies are highly limited. Our results provide novel insight into potential clinical therapies for pulmonary hypertension and establish the possibility of using this drug combination and potential dosage reductions in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gexiang Cai
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Meibin Wang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Lihuang Su
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Mengsi Cai
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Kate Huang
- 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Lin R, Wu D, Wu FJ, Meng Y, Zhang JH, Wang XG, Jia LH. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol a Is Associated With Activated mTOR and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Offspring Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:620. [PMID: 31551937 PMCID: PMC6746910 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role of bisphenol A (BPA) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of lipogenic genes, but the mechanism of BPA induced lipogenic gene expression remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal exposure to BPA on NAFLD and its mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats had access to drinking water containing 1 or 10 μg/ml BPA from gestational day 6 to post-natal day 21. For 5 weeks after weaning, offspring drank normal water without BPA. Body weight, lipid profile and the expression of genes or proteins involved in mTOR mediated lipid metabolism and autophagy, as well as inflammatory response were investigated in the 8-wk-old offspring of different genders. The results showed that body weight was increased only in females, however, males, and females from dams treated with BPA had significantly excess visceral adipose tissue, which was consistent with adipocyte hypertrophy. Elevated TG levels and up-regulation of lipogenic genes or proteins in liver, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were consistent with increased liver lipid droplets in offspring exposed to BPA. Compared with controls, the protein levels of InsR, p-IRS-1, IRS-1, TSC1, and TSC2 were decreased, p-PI3K, p-Akt (S473), p-Akt (T308), p-mTOR, and mTOR were increased, and the impaired autophagic degradation was evidenced by increased protein levels of p62, although the levels of p-ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3B proteins were increased in liver of BPA-exposed offspring. The levels of TLR4 and NF-κB proteins were also significantly increased, and ERα protein was significantly decreased in BPA-exposed offspring. Our findings indicate that perinatal exposure to BPA causes the development of NAFLD in both female and male offspring, which is associated with up-regulation of lipogenic genes, dysregulated autophagy and activated inflammatory response involving the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and TLR4/NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
|
72
|
Chen Y, Wang M, Zhang T, Du E, Liu Y, Qi S, Xu Y, Zhang Z. Autophagic effects and mechanisms of silver nanoparticles in renal cells under low dose exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:71-77. [PMID: 30248563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of nanotechnology and unique properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been generally used in our work and life. However, the concerns on nanosafety have not been thoroughly understood. Although mounting studies have documented AgNPs-mediated autophagy under toxic dose, very few studies have been made to reveal the mechanisms of AgNPs-induced autophagy at non-toxic concentrations. Here, we investigated AgNPs-mediated biological effects on autophagy in renal cells under sublethal exposure. Sublethal AgNPs resulted in increase of LC3II level and accumulation of autophagy related genes in HEK293T and A498 cells, which demonstrated AgNPs could activate autophagy at lower concentrations. Mechanistic investigation manifested that AMPK-mTOR signaling was enrolled in AgNPs-induced autophagy process rather than PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. In addition, P62 was elevated in AgNPs-treated cells in an mTOR-independent manner. We further uncovered that sublethal AgNPs exposure impaired the integrity and protease activities of lysosome. Together, our results revealed the mechanism by which AgNPs induced autophagy in renal cells under sublethal concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China; Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Tianke Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - E Du
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Shiyong Qi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Huang X, Mao W, Zhang T, Wang M, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang L, Yao D, Cai X, Wang L. Baicalin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by up-regulating A2a receptor via the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:330. [PMID: 30541517 PMCID: PMC6292092 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalin is a flavonoid compound that exerts specific pharmacological effect in attenuating the proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Although our previous studies had indicated that activation of A2aR attenuates CXCR expression, little is known about the relationship between A2aR and SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of A2aR on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs, the mechanism underlying this effect, and whether baicalin exerts its protective functions though A2aR. Methods Rat PASMCs were cultured under normoxia/hypoxia and divided into nine groups: normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia + AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist), hypoxia + baicalin, hypoxia + negative virus, normoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + CGS21680 (an A2aR agonist), and hypoxia + A2aR knockdown + baicalin. Lentiviral transfection methods were used to establish the A2aR knockdown model in PASMCs. Cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Expression levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferation and migration rate were observed via CCK-8 and Transwell methods. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and the In-Situ Cell Death Detection kit (Fluorescein). Results Under hypoxic conditions, levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were significantly increased compared to those under normoxia. The trend of SDF-1 and CXCR4 being inhibited when A2aR is up-regulated was more obvious in the baicalin intervention group. Baicalin directly enhanced A2aR expression, and A2aR knockdown weakened the function of baicalin. SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression levels were increased in the hypoxia + A2aR knockdown group, as were the proliferation and migration rates of PASMCs, while the apoptotic rate was decreased. Baicalin and CGS21680 showed opposite effects. Conclusions Our data indicate that baicalin efficiently attenuates hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance, as well as SDF-1 secretion, by up-regulating A2aR and down-regulating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
Collapse
|