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Kim DY, Park JA, Kim Y, Noh M, Park S, Lie E, Kim E, Kim YM, Kwon YG. SALM4 regulates angiogenic functions in endothelial cells through VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Tyr1175. FASEB J 2019; 33:9842-9857. [PMID: 31170000 PMCID: PMC6704462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802516rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis depends on VEGF-mediated signaling. However, the regulatory mechanisms and functions of individual VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) phosphorylation sites remain unclear. Here, we report that synaptic adhesion-like molecule 4 (SALM4) regulates a specific VEGFR2 phosphorylation site. SALM4 silencing in HUVECs and Salm4 knockout (KO) in lung endothelial cells (ECs) of Salm4−/− mice suppressed phosphorylation of VEGFR2 tyrosine (Y) 1175 (Y1173 in mice) and downstream signaling upon VEGF-A stimulation. However, VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y951 (Y949 in mice) and Y1214 (Y1212 in mice) remained unchanged. Knockdown and KO of SALM4 inhibited VEGF-A–induced angiogenic functions of ECs. SALM4 depletion reduced endothelial leakage, sprouting, and migratory activities. Furthermore, in an ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model, brain injury was attenuated in Salm4−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In brain lysates after I/R, VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y949, Y1173, and Y1212 were induced in WT brains, but only Y1173 phosphorylation of VEGFR2 was reduced in Salm4−/− brains. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SALM4 specifically regulates VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y1175 (Y1173 in mice), thereby fine-tuning VEGF signaling in ECs.—Kim, D. Y., Park, J. A., Kim, Y., Noh, M., Park, S., Lie, E., Kim, E., Kim, Y.-M., Kwon, Y.-G. SALM4 regulates angiogenic functions in endothelial cells through VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Tyr1175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeomyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songyi Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunkyung Lie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Autoimmunity in acute ischemic stroke and the role of blood-brain barrier: the dark side or the light one? Front Med 2019; 13:420-426. [PMID: 30929189 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a synopsis of the current data on the mechanisms of blood-brain barrier (BBB) alteration and autoimmune response in acute ischemic stroke. Most researchers confirm the relationship between the severity of immunobiochemical changes and clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is accompanied by aseptic inflammation, which alters the brain tissue and exposes the co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system and the neuronal antigens. To date, BBB is not considered the border between the immune system and central nervous system, and the local immune subsystems are found within and behind the BBB. BBB disruption contributes to the leakage of brain autoantigens and induction of secondary autoimmune response to neuronal antigens and long-term inflammation. Glymphatic system function is altered and jeopardized both in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke types. The receptors of innate immunity (toll-like receptor-2 and toll-like receptor-4) are also involved in acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Immune response is related to the key processes of blood clotting and fibrinolysis. At the same time, the stroke-induced immune activation may promote reparation phenomena in the brain. Subsequent research on the reduction of the acute ischemic brain injury through the target regulation of the immune response is promising.
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DeGregorio-Rocasolano N, Martí-Sistac O, Gasull T. Deciphering the Iron Side of Stroke: Neurodegeneration at the Crossroads Between Iron Dyshomeostasis, Excitotoxicity, and Ferroptosis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:85. [PMID: 30837827 PMCID: PMC6389709 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, iron represents a double-edged sword in metabolism in most tissues, especially in the brain. Although the high metabolic demands of brain cells require iron as a redox-active metal for ATP-producing enzymes, the brain is highly vulnerable to the devastating consequences of excessive iron-induced oxidative stress and, as recently found, to ferroptosis as well. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from fluctuations in systemic iron. Under pathological conditions, especially in acute brain pathologies such as stroke, the BBB is disrupted, and iron pools from the blood gain sudden access to the brain parenchyma, which is crucial in mediating stroke-induced neurodegeneration. Each brain cell type reacts with changes in their expression of proteins involved in iron uptake, efflux, storage, and mobilization to preserve its internal iron homeostasis, with specific organelles such as mitochondria showing specialized responses. However, during ischemia, neurons are challenged with excess extracellular glutamate in the presence of high levels of extracellular iron; this causes glutamate receptor overactivation that boosts neuronal iron uptake and a subsequent overproduction of membrane peroxides. This glutamate-driven neuronal death can be attenuated by iron-chelating compounds or free radical scavenger molecules. Moreover, vascular wall rupture in hemorrhagic stroke results in the accumulation and lysis of iron-rich red blood cells at the brain parenchyma and the subsequent presence of hemoglobin and heme iron at the extracellular milieu, thereby contributing to iron-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death. This review summarizes recent progresses made in understanding the ferroptosis component underlying both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria DeGregorio-Rocasolano
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Octavi Martí-Sistac
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Teresa Gasull
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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Park JH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Noh YH, Kim SS, Lee TK, Lee JC, Shin BN, Sim TH, Lee HS, Cho JH, Hwang IK, Kang IJ, Kim JD, Won MH. Pretreated Oenanthe Javanica extract increases anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates gliosis, and protects hippocampal neurons following transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1536-1543. [PMID: 31089052 PMCID: PMC6557097 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that Oenanthe javanica extract (OJE) displays strong neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage after transient global cerebral ischemia. However, neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE have not been fully identified. Thus, this study investigated the neuroprotection of OJE in the hippocampal CA1 area and its anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia. We treated the animals by intragastrical injection of OJE (100 and 200 mg/kg) once daily for 1 week prior to transient global cerebral ischemia. Neuroprotection of OJE was observed by immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclear antigen and histofluorescence staining for Fluoro-Jade B. Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 was done for astrocytosis and microgliosis, respectively. To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE, we performed immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 for pro-inflammatory function and interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 for anti-inflammatory function. When we treated the animals by intragastrical administration of 200 mg/kg of OJE, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons were protected from transient global cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia-induced gliosis was inhibited in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 area. We also found that interleukin-4 and -13 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in pyramidal neurons of the ischemic CA1 area after OJE pretreatment, and the increased immunoreactivities were sustained in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global cerebral ischemia. However, OJE pretreatment did not increase interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoreactivities in the CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our findings suggest that pretreatment with OJE can protect neurons and attenuate gliosis from transient global cerebral ischemia via increasing expressions of interleukin-4 and -13. The experimental plan of this study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) in Kangwon National University (approval No. KW-160802-1) on August 10, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, Geyonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hun Noh
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, Geyonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, Geyonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Danchunok Company, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Heung Sim
- Danchunok Company, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sam Lee
- Danchunok Company, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Lee TK, Kim H, Song M, Lee JC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Yang GE, Kim H, Ohk TG, Shin MC, Cho JH, Won MH. Time-course pattern of neuronal loss and gliosis in gerbil hippocampi following mild, severe, or lethal transient global cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1394-1403. [PMID: 30964065 PMCID: PMC6524495 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemia in the whole brain leads to neuronal loss/death in vulnerable brain regions. The striatum, neocortex and hippocampus selectively loose specific neurons after transient ischemia. Just 5 minutes of transient ischemia can cause pyramidal neuronal death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 field at 4 days after transient ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5-minute (mild), 15-minute (severe), and 20-minute (lethal) transient ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) on behavioral change and neuronal death and gliosis (astrocytosis and microgliosis) in gerbil hippocampal subregions (CA1–3 region and dentate gyrus). We performed spontaneous motor activity test to evaluate gerbil locomotor activity, cresyl violet staining to detect cellular distribution, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry to detect neuronal distribution, and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence to evaluate neuronal death. We also conducted immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) to evaluate astrocytosis and microgliosis, respectively. Animals subjected to 20-minute BCCAO died in at least 2 days. BCCAO for 15 minutes led to pyramidal cell death in hippocampal CA1–3 region 2 days later and granule cell death in hippocampal dentate gyrus 5 days later. Similar results were not found in animals subjected to 5-minute BCCAO. Gliosis was much more rapidly and severely progressed in animals subjected to 15-minute BCCAO than in those subjected to 5-minute BCCAO. Our results indicate that neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation following transient ischemia is significantly different according to regions and severity of transient ischemia. The experimental protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (AICUC) of Kangwon National University (approval No. KW-180124-1) on May 22, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju Chungcheongbuk; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Park JH, Noh Y, Kim SS, Ahn JH, Ohk TG, Cho JH, Lee TK, Kim H, Song M, Lee JC, Won MH, Lee CH. Time-Course Changes and New Expressions of MIP-3α and Its Receptor, CCR6, in the Gerbil Hippocampal CA1 Area Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2102-2110. [PMID: 30203401 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) and its sole receptor, CCR6, play pivotal roles in neuroinflammatory processes induced by brain ischemic insults. In this study, we investigated transient ischemia-induced changes in MIP-3α and CCR6 protein expressions in the hippocampal CA1 area following 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia (tgCI) in gerbils. Both MIP-3α and CCR6 immunoreactivities were very strongly expressed in pyramidal neurons of the CA1 area from 6 h to 1 day after tgCI and were hardly shown 4 days after tgCI. In addition, strong MIP-3α immunoreactivity was newly expressed in astrocytes 6 h after tgCI. These results indicate that tgCI causes apparent changes in MIP-3α and CCR6 expressions in pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 area and suggest that tgCI-induced changes in MIP-3α and CCR6 expressions might be closely associated with neuroinflammatory processes in brain ischemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - YooHun Noh
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, Geyonggi, 13837, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, Geyonggi, 13837, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Ju F, Ran Y, Zhu L, Cheng X, Gao H, Xi X, Yang Z, Zhang S. Increased BBB Permeability Enhances Activation of Microglia and Exacerbates Loss of Dendritic Spines After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:236. [PMID: 30123113 PMCID: PMC6085918 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke can induce rapid disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB). It has been suggested that increased BBB permeability can affect the pathological progression of ischemic tissue. However, the impact of increased BBB permeability on microglial activation and synaptic structures following reperfusion after ischemia remains unclear. In this study, we investigated microglial activation, dendritic damage and plasticity of dendritic spines after increasing BBB permeability following transient global cerebral ischemia in the somatosensory cortices in mice. Bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCAL) was used to induce transient global cerebral ischemia. Mannitol was used to increase the BBB permeability. Intravital two-photon imaging was performed to image the dendritic structures and BBB extravasation. Microglial morphology was quantitated using a skeletonization analysis method. To evaluate inflammation of cerebral cortex, the mRNA expression levels of integrin alpha M (CD11b), CD68, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (IP10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured by fluorescent quantitative PCR. Intravital two-photon imaging revealed that mannitol caused a drastic increase in BBB extravasation during reperfusion after transient global ischemia. Increased BBB permeability induced by mannitol had no significant effect on inflammation and dendritic spines in healthy mice but triggered a marked de-ramification of microglia; importantly, in ischemic animals, mannitol accelerated de-ramification of microglia and aggravated inflammation at 3 h but not at 3 days following reperfusion after ischemia. Although mannitol did not cause significant change in the percentage of blebbed dendrites and did not affect the reversible recovery of the dendritic structures, excessive extravasation was accompanied with significant decrease in spine formation and increase in spine elimination during reperfusion in ischemic mice. These findings suggest that increased BBB permeability induced by mannitol can lead to acute activation of microglia and cause excessive loss of dendritic spines after transient global cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Ju
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanli Ran
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lirui Zhu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhanli Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Paternò R, Chillon JM. Potentially Common Therapeutic Targets for Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke. Front Physiol 2018; 9:855. [PMID: 30057552 PMCID: PMC6053536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are two pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). At the first look, this appears to be the only similarity between the two diseases, as they seem quite different. Indeed IS has an acute onset compared to MS which develops chronically; IS is consecutive to blood clot migrating to cerebral blood vessels or decrease in cerebral blood flow following atherosclerosis or decreases in cardiac output, whereas MS is an immune disease associated with neurodegeneration. However, both pathologies share similar pathologic pathways and treatments used in MS have been the object of studies in IS. In this mini-review we will discuss similarities between IS and MS on astrocytes and neuroinflammation hallmarks emphasizing the potential for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paternò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Chillon
- Mécanismes Physiopathologiques et Conséquences des Calcifications Cardiovasculaires (EA 7517), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
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Yuan J, Zeng L, Sun Y, Wang N, Sun Q, Cheng Z, Wang Y. SH2B1 protects against OGD/R‑induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2613-2620. [PMID: 30015896 PMCID: PMC6102733 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis acts as the primary pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Prior studies have revealed the effects of src homology 2 (SH2)B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) in myocardial infarction; however, involvement of SH2B1 in cerebral I/R injury and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. In the present study, neural-like PC12 cells underwent 6 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 24 h of reoxygenation (OGD/R). PC12 cells were pre-transfected with an adenovirus encoding for SH2B1 or GFP prior to exposure to OGD/R. Cell viability, LDH release and the apoptotic cascade were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were employed to analyze mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that OGD/R reduced SH2B1 expression in PC12 cells, accompanied by suppressed cell viability and enhanced cell death. Adenovirus-mediated SH2B1 overexpression, however, resulted in increased viability, reduced LDH release and a reduction in the expression levels of proteins associated with the apoptotic cascade in PC12 cells under the OGD/R condition. A mechanistic explanation may be that the positive effects of SH2B1 on neurons were in part derived from the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, abolishment of JAK2/STAT3 signaling using a pharmacological inhibitor suppressed the inhibitory effects of SH2B1 under the OGD/R condition. The results of the present study suggested that SH2B1 may protect PC12 cells from OGD/R injury partially by the JAK2/STAT3-dependent inhibition of apoptosis and may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Ren‑Min Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanpeng Sun
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yunfu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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60
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Li M, Wen Y, Zhang R, Xie F, Zhang G, Qin X. Adenoviral vector-induced silencing of RGMa attenuates blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a rat model of MCAO/reperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:54-62. [PMID: 29935233 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is implicated in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its mechanisms are still largely unknown. This work focused on the effects of RGMa on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after focal cerebral I/R injury. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion (I/R), MCAO/reperfusion administered recombinant adenovirus expressing sh-con (I/R + sh-con) and MCAO/reperfusion administered recombinant adenovirus expressing sh-RGMa (I/R + sh-RGMa) groups. Infarct volume, brain edema and neurological scores were evaluated at 3 day after reperfusion. Evens blue leakage and transmission electron microscopy was performed. And the expression level of claudin-5 and ZO-1, CDC-42 and PAK-1, RGMa were detected by western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R or I/R + sh-con groups, I/R + sh-RGMa group showed smaller infarction volume, attenuated brain edema, improved neurological scores and better BBB integrity, such as reduced Evans blue leakage and ultra-structural change. We also observed improved BBB function followed by down-regulation of MMP-9 and up-regulation of claudin-5 and ZO-1 in the I/R + sh-RGMa group. In addition, up-regulation of the CDC-42 and PAK-1 in the I/R + sh-RGMa group was obtained. CONCLUSIONS RGMa may be involved in I/R injury associated with BBB dysfunction via the CDC-42/PAK-1 signal pathway and may be a promising therapeutic target for I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuetao Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Li ZR, Yang L, Zhen J, Zhao Y, Lu ZN. Nobiletin protects PC12 cells from ERS-induced apoptosis in OGD/R injury via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1470-1476. [PMID: 30116396 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) possesses multiple pharmacological effects, but its anti-apoptotic property has acquired a great deal of attention. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS)-induced apoptosis acts as the pivotal aetiology in neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. The aim of this study focused on whether NOB exerts neuro-protective effects on OGD/R injury by repressing ERS-induced apoptosis. The PC12 neuronal cell line was subjected to 4 h OGD and 24 h reoxygenation following NOB treatment. A PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) was added during the mechanistic experiments. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis were determined. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels. The results showed that OGD/R caused neuronal damageas exhibited by the increase in LDH release and the reduction of cellular viability. Moreover, ERS-induced apoptosis was markedly stimulated by OGD/R in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the elevation in the apoptotic rate and protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein/glucose-regulated protein-78. However, NOB administration significantly reversed neuronal damage and the ERS-induced apoptosis in response to OGD/R injury. Mechanistic detections showed that the neuron-favorable and ERS-repressing contributions of NOB were, in part, a result of the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which was validated by a specific PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002). Therefore, NOB protects PC12 cells from ERS-induced apoptosis in OGD/R injury mainly through enhancement of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for the prevention of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ru Li
- Department of Internal Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Internal Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Internal Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Neng Lu
- Department of Internal Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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62
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Shekhar S, Cunningham MW, Pabbidi MR, Wang S, Booz GW, Fan F. Targeting vascular inflammation in ischemic stroke: Recent developments on novel immunomodulatory approaches. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:531-544. [PMID: 29935175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating and debilitating medical condition with limited therapeutic options. However, accumulating evidence indicates a central role of inflammation in all aspects of stroke including its initiation, the progression of injury, and recovery or wound healing. A central target of inflammation is disruption of the blood brain barrier or neurovascular unit. Here we discuss recent developments in identifying potential molecular targets and immunomodulatory approaches to preserve or protect barrier function and limit infarct damage and functional impairment. These include blocking harmful inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells, microglia/macrophages, or Th17/γδ T cells with biologics, third generation epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) analogs with extended half-life, and miRNA antagomirs. Complementary beneficial pathways may be enhanced by miRNA mimetics or hyperbaric oxygenation. These immunomodulatory approaches could be used to greatly expand the therapeutic window for thrombolytic treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Moreover, nanoparticle technology allows for the selective targeting of endothelial cells for delivery of DNA/RNA oligonucleotides and neuroprotective drugs. In addition, although likely detrimental to the progression of ischemic stroke by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death, 20-HETE may also reduce susceptibility of onset of ischemic stroke by maintaining autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Although the interaction between inflammation and stroke is multifaceted, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the pro-inflammatory state at all stages will hopefully help in developing novel immunomodulatory approaches to improve mortality and functional outcome of those inflicted with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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63
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Ahn JH, Chen BH, Park JH, Shin BN, Lee TK, Cho JH, Lee JC, Park JR, Yang SR, Ryoo S, Shin MC, Cho JH, Kang IJ, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Kim YM, Won MH. Early IV-injected human dermis-derived mesenchymal stem cells after transient global cerebral ischemia do not pass through damaged blood-brain barrier. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1646-1657. [PMID: 29763986 DOI: 10.1002/term.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is lack of researches on effects of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against transient cerebral ischemia (TCI). We investigated the disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which comprises the blood-brain barrier and examined entry of human dermis-derived MSCs (hDMSCs) into the damaged hippocampal CA1 area in a gerbil model of TCI and their subsequent effects on neuroprotection and cognitive function. Impairments of neurons and blood-brain barrier were examined by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and Evans blue and immunoglobulin G leakage. Neuronal death was observed in pyramidal neurons 5-day postischemia. NVU were structurally damaged; in particular, astrocyte end-feet were severely damaged from 2-day post-TCI and immunoglobulin G leaked out of the CA1 area 2 days after 5 min of TCI; however, Evans blue extravasation was not observed. On the basis of the results of NVU damages, ischemic gerbils received PKH2-transfected hDMSCs 3 times at early times (3 hr, 2, and 5 days) after TCI, and fluorescence imaging was used to detect hDMSCs in the tissue. PKH2-transfected hDMSCs were not found in the CA1 from immediate time to 8 days after injection, although they were detected in the liver. Furthermore, hDMSCs transplantation did not protect CA1 pyramidal neurons and did not improve cognitive impairment. Intravenously transplanted hDMSCs did not migrate to the damaged CA1 area induced by TCI. These findings suggest no neuroprotection and cognitive improvement by intravenous hDMSCs transplantation after 5 min of TCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ran Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, and Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, and Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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64
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Park JH, Cho JH, Ahn JH, Choi SY, Lee TK, Lee JC, Shin BN, Hong S, Jeon YH, Kim YM, Hwang IK, Lee YJ, Won MH, Kang IJ. Neuronal loss and gliosis in the rat striatum subjected to 15 and 30 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:775-784. [PMID: 29354885 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective neuronal death or loss in certain brain regions has been well characterized in animal models of transient global cerebral ischemia. However, selective neuronal death in transient focal cerebral ischemia needs more investigation. Therefore, in this study, we studied selective neuronal death in the striatum (caudate putamen) of rats subjected to 15 or 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neuronal death occurred in the dorsolateral field, not in the medial field in 30 min, not 15 min, MCAO-operated rats 5 days after MCAO using neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining. In this group, immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes was hardly shown in the dorsolateral field, although the immunoreactivity increased in the medial field. In addition, immunoreactivity of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 in microglia was dramatically increased in the dorsolateral, not in the medial, field only in 30 min MCAO-operated rats. Briefly, these results show that at least 30 min of MCAO can evoke selective neuronal death, astrocytic dysfunction and microglial activation in the dorsolateral field of the rat striatum and suggest that a rat model of 30 min MCAO can be used to investigate mechanisms of neuronal death and gliosis following brief transient focal cerebral ischemic events for acute transient ischemic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Peng Y, Jin J, Fan L, Xu H, He P, Li J, Chen T, Ruan W, Chen G. Rolipram Attenuates Early Brain Injury Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats: Possibly via Regulating the SIRT1/NF-κB Pathway. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:785-795. [PMID: 29397536 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is the primary cause of poor outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Rolipram, a specific phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor which is traditionally used as an anti-depressant drug, has been recently proven to exert neuroprotective effects in several central nervous system insults. However, the role of rolipram in SAH remains uncertain. The current study was aimed to investigate the role of rolipram in EBI after SAH and explore the potential mechanism. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an endovascular perforation process to produce an SAH model. Rolipram was injected intraperitoneally at 2 h after SAH with a dose of 10 mg/kg. We found that rolipram significantly ameliorated brain edema and alleviated neurological dysfunction after SAH. Rolipram treatment remarkably promoted the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) while inhibited NF-κB activation. Moreover, rolipram significantly inhibited the activation of microglia as well as down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6. In addition, rolipram increased the expression of protective cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, rolipram significantly alleviated neuronal death after SAH. In conclusion, these data suggested that rolipram exerts neuroprotective effects against EBI after SAH via suppressing neuroinflammation and reducing neuronal loss. The neuroprotective effects of rolipram were associated with regulating the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. Rolipram could be a novel and promising therapeutic agent for SAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jianxiang Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Linfeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hangzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Pingyou He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wu Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Cheng X, Yang YL, Yang H, Wang YH, Du GH. Kaempferol alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction in mice via inhibiting HMGB1 release and down-regulating TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:29-35. [PMID: 29328946 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid with many biological activities including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Nevertheless, its anti-neuroinflammation role and the relevant mechanism remain unclear. The present study was to investigate effects of kaempferol against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction as well as the mechanism in mice. BALB/c mice were treated with LPS 5mg/kg to induce inflammation after pre-treatment with kaempferol 25, 50, or 100mg/kg for 7days. The results showed that kaempferol reduced the production of various pro-inflammatory factors and inflammatory proteins including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, COX-2 and iNOS in brain tissues. In addition, kaempferol also protected BBB integrity and increased BBB related proteins including occludin-1, claudin-1 and CX43 in brain of LPS-induced mice. Furthermore, kaempferol significantly reduced HMGB1 level and suppressed TLR4/MyD88 inflammatory pathway in both transcription level and translation level. These results collectively suggested that kaempferol might be a promising neuroprotective agent for alleviating inflammatory responses and BBB dysfunction by inhibiting HMGB1 release and down-regulating TLR4/MyD88 inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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67
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Park JH, Lee TK, Ahn JH, Shin BN, Cho JH, Kim IH, Lee JC, Kim JD, Lee YJ, Kang IJ, Hong S, Kim YH, Jeon YH, Lee YL, Won MH. Pre-treated Populus tomentiglandulosa extract inhibits neuronal loss and alleviates gliosis in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area induced by transient global cerebral ischemia. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:284-292. [PMID: 29354300 PMCID: PMC5768565 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.4.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Populus (poplar) belonging to the Salicaceae family has been used in traditional medicine, and its several species show various pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. No study regarding protective effects of Populus species against cerebral ischemia has been reported. Therefore, in the present study, we examined neuroprotective effects of ethanol extract from Populus tomentiglandulosa (Korea poplar) in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA1) area of gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia. Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of P. tomentiglandulosa extract effectively protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from transient global cerebral ischemia. In addition, glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 immunoreactive microglia were significantly diminished in the ischemic CA1 area by pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of P. tomentiglandulosa extract. Briefly, our results indicate that pretreatment with P. tomentiglandulosa extract protects neurons from transient cerebral ischemic injury and diminish cerebral ischemia-induced reactive gliosis in ischemic CA1 area. Based on these results, we suggest that P. tomentiglandulosa can be used as a potential candidate for prevention of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University Seoul Hospital, Sooncheonhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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