51
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Zan X, Sun J, Chu L, Cui F, Huo S, Song Y, Koffas MAG. Improved glucose and xylose co-utilization by overexpression of xylose isomerase and/or xylulokinase genes in oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5565-5575. [PMID: 34215904 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most of the oleaginous microorganisms cannot assimilate xylose in the presence of glucose, which is the major bottleneck in the bioconversion of lignocellulose to biodiesel. Our present study revealed that overexpression of xylose isomerase (XI) gene xylA or xylulokinase (XK) gene xks1 increased the xylose consumption by 25 to 37% and enhanced the lipid content by 8 to 28% during co-fermentation of glucose and xylose. In xylA overexpressing strain Mc-XI, the activity of XI was 1.8-fold higher and the mRNA level of xylA at 24 h and 48 h was 11- and 13-fold higher than that of the control, respectively. In xks1 overexpressing strain Mc-XK, the mRNA level of xks1 was 4- to 11-fold of that of the control strain and the highest XK activity of 950 nmol min-1 mg-1 at 72 h which was 2-fold higher than that of the control. Additionally, expression of a translational fusion of xylA and xks1 further enhanced the xylose utilization rate by 45%. Our results indicated that overexpression of xylA and/or xks1 is a promising strategy to improve the xylose and glucose co-utilization, alleviate the glucose repression, and produce lipid from lignocellulosic biomass in the oleaginous fungus M. circinelloides. KEY POINTS: • Overexpressing xylA or xks1 increased the xylose consumption and the lipid content. • The xylose isomerase activity and the xylA mRNA level were enhanced in strain Mc-XI. • Co-expression of xylA and xks1 further enhanced the xylose utilization rate by 45%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfang Chu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiang University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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Understanding D-xylonic acid accumulation: a cornerstone for better metabolic engineering approaches. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5309-5324. [PMID: 34215905 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The xylose oxidative pathway (XOP) has been engineered in microorganisms for the production of a wide range of industrially relevant compounds. However, the performance of metabolically engineered XOP-utilizing microorganisms is typically hindered by D-xylonic acid accumulation. It acidifies the media and perturbs cell growth due to toxicity, thus curtailing enzymatic activity and target product formation. Fortunately, from the growing portfolio of genetic tools, several strategies that can be adapted for the generation of efficient microbial cell factories have been implemented to address D-xylonic acid accumulation. This review centers its discussion on the causes of D-xylonic acid accumulation and how to address it through different engineering and synthetic biology techniques with emphasis given on bacterial strains. In the first part of this review, the ability of certain microorganisms to produce and tolerate D-xylonic acid is also tackled as an important aspect in developing efficient microbial cell factories. Overall, this review could shed some insights and clarity to those working on XOP in bacteria and its engineering for the development of industrially applicable product-specialist strains. KEY POINTS: D-Xylonic acid accumulation is attributed to the overexpression of xylose dehydrogenase concomitant with basal or inefficient expression of enzymes involved in D-xylonic acid assimilation. Redox imbalance and insufficient cofactors contribute to D-xylonic acid accumulation. Overcoming D-xylonic acid accumulation can increase product formation among engineered strains. Engineering strategies involving enzyme engineering, evolutionary engineering, coutilization of different sugar substrates, and synergy of different pathways could potentially address D-xylonic acid accumulation.
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53
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Wang J, Chae M, Beyene D, Sauvageau D, Bressler DC. Co-production of ethanol and cellulose nanocrystals through self-cycling fermentation of wood pulp hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124969. [PMID: 33740586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach to help offset production costs for the cellulosic ethanol industry is to improve ethanol productivity while simultaneously generating value-added by-products. This study reports integration of an advanced fermentation approach (self-cycling fermentation) with the production of cellulose nanocrystals. Specifically, wood pulp was enzymatically hydrolyzed to yield dissolved sugars, which were fed to a self-cycling fermentation system for ethanol production, and residual solids were used for cellulose nanocrystals production via acid hydrolysis. Self-cycling fermentation achieved stable ethanol production for 10 cycles with significantly greater productivity than batch operation: ethanol volumetric productivity increased by 63-95% and annual ethanol productivity by 96 ± 5%. Additionally, the enzyme hydrolysis approach employed did not impede ethanol fermentation, and the cellulose nanocrystals generated displayed properties consistent with previous studies. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of this co-production strategy to produce both cellulosic ethanol and cellulose nanocrystals from a single feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael Chae
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Dawit Beyene
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - David C Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada.
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54
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Sarkar P, Goswami G, Mukherjee M, Das D. Heterologous expression of xylose specific transporter improves xylose utilization by recombinant Zymomonas mobilis strain in presence of glucose. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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55
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Louie TM, Louie K, DenHartog S, Gopishetty S, Subramanian M, Arnold M, Das S. Production of bio-xylitol from D-xylose by an engineered Pichia pastoris expressing a recombinant xylose reductase did not require any auxiliary substrate as electron donor. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:50. [PMID: 33618706 PMCID: PMC7898734 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that has numerous beneficial health properties. It has almost the same sweetness as sucrose but has lower energy value compared to the sucrose. Metabolism of xylitol is insulin independent and thus it is an ideal sweetener for diabetics. It is widely used in food products, oral and personal care, and animal nutrition as well. Here we present a two-stage strategy to produce bio-xylitol from D-xylose using a recombinant Pichia pastoris expressing a heterologous xylose reductase gene. The recombinant P. pastoris cells were first generated by a low-cost, standard procedure. The cells were then used as a catalyst to make the bio-xylitol from D-xylose. RESULTS Pichia pastoris expressing XYL1 from P. stipitis and gdh from B. subtilis demonstrated that the biotransformation was very efficient with as high as 80% (w/w) conversion within two hours. The whole cells could be re-used for multiple rounds of catalysis without loss of activity. Also, the cells could directly transform D-xylose in a non-detoxified hemicelluloses hydrolysate to xylitol at 70% (w/w) yield. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated here that the recombinant P. pastoris expressing xylose reductase could transform D-xylose, either in pure form or in crude hemicelluloses hydrolysate, to bio-xylitol very efficiently. This biocatalytic reaction happened without the external addition of any NAD(P)H, NAD(P)+, and auxiliary substrate as an electron donor. Our experimental design & findings reported here are not limited to the conversion of D-xylose to xylitol only but can be used with other many oxidoreductase reactions also, such as ketone reductases/alcohol dehydrogenases and amino acid dehydrogenases, which are widely used for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Man Louie
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Kailin Louie
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Samuel DenHartog
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Sridhar Gopishetty
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Mani Subramanian
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Mark Arnold
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Shuvendu Das
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA.
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56
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Chysirichote T, Mapisansup W, Aroonsong S. Estimation of glucosamine in biomass of Trichoderma reesei cultivated on lignocellulosic substrates. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:305-314. [PMID: 33605476 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the compositions of lignocellulosic substrate including hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and protein on the glucosamine content in biomass of Trichoderma reesei TISTR3080 were studied. A synthetic solid surface media containing different ratios of xylan (hemicellulose), carboxymethyl cellulose (cellulose), lignin, and various concentrations of yeast extract (source of protein) were used to cultivated T. reesei. Regression analysis identified significant individual and interaction factors that affected glucosamine quantity in T. reesei biomass. A regression model was developed to estimate the glucosamine content in biomass of T. reesei from the compositions of the lignocellulosic substrate. An acceptable error (not more than 10%) of the regression model was obtained from validation with the experimental results of glucosamine content in biomass of T. reesei cultivated on lignocellulosic solid surface media made from copra waste and banana peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerin Chysirichote
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Mapisansup
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soysrung Aroonsong
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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57
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Zhang Y, Nielsen J, Liu Z. Yeast based biorefineries for oleochemical production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 67:26-34. [PMID: 33360103 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of oleochemicals enables sustainable production of natural and unnatural alternatives from renewable feedstocks. Yeast cell factories have been extensively studied and engineered to produce a variety of oleochemicals, focusing on both central carbon metabolism and lipid metabolism. Here, we review recent progress towards oleochemical synthesis in yeast based biorefineries, as well as utilization of alternative renewable feedstocks, such as xylose and l-arabinose. We also review recent studies of C1 compound utilization or co-utilization and discuss how these studies can lead to third generation yeast based biorefineries for oleochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Zihe Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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58
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Ruchala J, Sibirny AA. Pentose metabolism and conversion to biofuels and high-value chemicals in yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 45:6034013. [PMID: 33316044 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentose sugars are widespread in nature and two of them, D-xylose and L-arabinose belong to the most abundant sugars being the second and third by abundance sugars in dry plant biomass (lignocellulose) and in general on planet. Therefore, it is not surprising that metabolism and bioconversion of these pentoses attract much attention. Several different pathways of D-xylose and L-arabinose catabolism in bacteria and yeasts are known. There are even more common and really ubiquitous though not so abundant pentoses, D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, the constituents of all living cells. Thus, ribose metabolism is example of endogenous metabolism whereas metabolism of other pentoses, including xylose and L-arabinose, represents examples of the metabolism of foreign exogenous compounds which normally are not constituents of yeast cells. As a rule, pentose degradation by the wild-type strains of microorganisms does not lead to accumulation of high amounts of valuable substances; however, productive strains have been obtained by random selection and metabolic engineering. There are numerous reviews on xylose and (less) L-arabinose metabolism and conversion to high value substances; however, they mostly are devoted to bacteria or the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review is devoted to reviewing pentose metabolism and bioconversion mostly in non-conventional yeasts, which naturally metabolize xylose. Pentose metabolism in the recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae is also considered for comparison. The available data on ribose, xylose, L-arabinose transport, metabolism, regulation of these processes, interaction with glucose catabolism and construction of the productive strains of high-value chemicals or pentose (ribose) itself are described. In addition, genome studies of the natural xylose metabolizing yeasts and available tools for their molecular research are reviewed. Metabolism of other pentoses (2-deoxyribose, D-arabinose, lyxose) is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ruchala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Andriy A Sibirny
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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59
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Yukawa T, Bamba T, Guirimand G, Matsuda M, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Optimization of 1,2,4-butanetriol production from xylose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by metabolic engineering of NADH/NADPH balance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:175-185. [PMID: 32902873 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1,2,4-Butanetriol (BT) is used as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and the energetic plasticizer 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BT is biosynthesized from xylose via heterologous four enzymatic reactions catalyzed by xylose dehydrogenase, xylonate dehydratase, 2-ketoacid decarboxylase, and alcohol dehydrogenase. We here aimed to improve the BT yield in S. cerevisiae by genetic engineering. First, the amount of the key intermediate 2-keto-3-deoxy-xylonate as described previously was successfully reduced in 41% by multiple integrations of Lactococcus lactis 2-ketoacid decarboxylase gene kdcA into the yeast genome. Since the heterologous BT synthetic pathway is independent of yeast native metabolism, this manipulation has led to NADH/NADPH imbalance and deficiency during BT production. Overexpression of the NADH kinase POS5Δ17 lacking the mitochondrial targeting sequence to relieve NADH/NADPH imbalance resulted in the BT titer of 2.2 g/L (31% molar yield). Feeding low concentrations of glucose and xylose to support the supply of NADH resulted in BT titer of 6.6 g/L with (57% molar yield). Collectively, improving the NADH/NADPH ratio and supply from glucose are essential for the construction of a xylose pathway, such as the BT synthetic pathway, independent of native yeast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yukawa
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bamba
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Gregory Guirimand
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,LE STUDIUM, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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60
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Ghosh S, Pathak S, Manna D, Chowdhury R. Acidogenic mixed consortium isolated from soil of agricultural field: acid production behaviour and growth kinetics under the influence of pretreatment hydrolysate of rice straw (RS). Chem Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1815597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Ghosh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sumona Pathak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Dinabandhu Manna
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ranjana Chowdhury
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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61
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Zhu Y, Zhou C, Wang Y, Li C. Transporter Engineering for Microbial Manufacturing. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900494. [PMID: 32298528 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbes play an important role in biotransformation and biosynthesis of biofuels, natural products, and polymers. Therefore, microbial manufacturing has been widely used in medicine, industry, and agriculture. However, common strategies including enzyme engineering, pathway optimization, and host engineering are generally inadequate to obtain an efficient microbial production system. Transporter engineering provides an alternative strategy to promote the transmembrane transfer of substrates, intermediates, and final products in microbial cells and thus enhances production by alleviating feedback inhibition and cytotoxicity caused by final products. According to the current studies in transport engineering, native transporters usually have low expression and poor transportation ability, resulting in inefficient transport processes and microbial production. In this review, current approaches for transporter mining, characterization, and verification are comprehensively summarized. Practical approaches to enhance the transport system in engineered cells, such as balancing transporter overexpression and cell growth, and evolution of native transporters are discussed. Furthermore, the applications of transporter engineering in microbial manufacturing, including enhancement of substrate utilization, concentration of metabolic flux to the target pathway, and acceleration of efflux and recovery of products, demonstrate its outstanding advantages and promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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62
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Prabhu AA, Ledesma-Amaro R, Lin CSK, Coulon F, Thakur VK, Kumar V. Bioproduction of succinic acid from xylose by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica without pH control. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:113. [PMID: 32607128 PMCID: PMC7321536 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylose is the most prevalent sugar available in hemicellulose fraction of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) and of great interest for the green economy. Unfortunately, most of the cell factories cannot inherently metabolize xylose as sole carbon source. Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast that produces industrially important metabolites. The yeast is able to metabolize a large variety of substrates including both hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon sources. However, Y. lipolytica lacks effective metabolic pathway for xylose uptake and only scarce information is available on utilization of xylose. For the economica feasibility of LCB-based biorefineries, effective utilization of both pentose and hexose sugars is obligatory. RESULTS In the present study, succinic acid (SA) production from xylose by Y. lipolytica was examined. To this end, Y. lipolytica PSA02004 strain was engineered by overexpressing pentose pathway cassette comprising xylose reductase (XR), xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) and xylulose kinase (XK) gene. The recombinant strain exhibited a robust growth on xylose as sole carbon source and produced substantial amount of SA. The inhibition of cell growth and SA formation was observed above 60 g/L xylose concentration. The batch cultivation of the recombinant strain in a bioreactor resulted in a maximum biomass concentration of 7.3 g/L and SA titer of 11.2 g/L with the yield of 0.19 g/g. Similar results in terms of cell growth and SA production were obtained with xylose-rich hydrolysate derived from sugarcane bagasse. The fed-batch fermentation yielded biomass concentration of 11.8 g/L (OD600: 56.1) and SA titer of 22.3 g/L with a gradual decrease in pH below 4.0. Acetic acid was obtained as a main by-product in all the fermentations. CONCLUSION The recombinant strain displayed potential for bioconversion of xylose to SA. Further, this study provided a new insight on conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on SA production by Y. lipolytica using xylose as a sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A. Prabhu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL UK
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63
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Francois JM, Alkim C, Morin N. Engineering microbial pathways for production of bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic sugars: current status and perspectives. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:118. [PMID: 32670405 PMCID: PMC7341569 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is the most abundant biomass on earth with an annual production of about 2 × 1011 tons. It is an inedible renewable carbonaceous resource that is very rich in pentose and hexose sugars. The ability of microorganisms to use lignocellulosic sugars can be exploited for the production of biofuels and chemicals, and their concurrent biotechnological processes could advantageously replace petrochemicals' processes in a medium to long term, sustaining the emerging of a new economy based on bio-based products from renewable carbon sources. One of the major issues to reach this objective is to rewire the microbial metabolism to optimally configure conversion of these lignocellulosic-derived sugars into bio-based products in a sustainable and competitive manner. Systems' metabolic engineering encompassing synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering appears to be the most promising scientific and technological approaches to meet this challenge. In this review, we examine the most recent advances and strategies to redesign natural and to implement non-natural pathways in microbial metabolic framework for the assimilation and conversion of pentose and hexose sugars derived from lignocellulosic material into industrial relevant chemical compounds leading to maximal yield, titer and productivity. These include glycolic, glutaric, mesaconic and 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid as organic acids, monoethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,2,4-butanetriol, as alcohols. We also discuss the big challenges that still remain to enable microbial processes to become industrially attractive and economically profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie Francois
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, CNRS, INRA, LISBP INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 04, 31077 France
- Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB, UMS INRA/INSA/CNRS), NAPA CENTER Bât B, 3 Rue Ariane 31520, Ramonville Saint-Agnes, France
| | - Ceren Alkim
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, CNRS, INRA, LISBP INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 04, 31077 France
- Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB, UMS INRA/INSA/CNRS), NAPA CENTER Bât B, 3 Rue Ariane 31520, Ramonville Saint-Agnes, France
| | - Nicolas Morin
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, CNRS, INRA, LISBP INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 04, 31077 France
- Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB, UMS INRA/INSA/CNRS), NAPA CENTER Bât B, 3 Rue Ariane 31520, Ramonville Saint-Agnes, France
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