51
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Li M, Luo X, Long X, Jiang P, Jiang Q, Guo H, Chen Z. Potential role of mitochondria in synoviocytes. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:447-457. [PMID: 32613391 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synoviocytes are located in the synovium lining layer, which is composed of macrophage-like synoviocytes (MLS) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with different characteristics. Mitochondria, which exist in most cells, are two membrane-covered organelles. In addition to providing the necessary ATP for synoviocytes, mitochondria are involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and the integration of synoviocytes death signals. In recent years, mitochondrial dysfunction has been found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Interestingly, recent studies have started uncovering that mitochondria that were previously reported to play a role in chondrocytes or immune cells, but not known to have pronounced roles in synoviocytes, can actually play crucial roles in the regulation of the pathological properties of the synoviocytes. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the key role of mitochondria in synoviocytes, including mitochondrial dysfunction in synoviocytes can induce and aggravate inflammatory responses and changes in mitochondrial structure and function with the involvement of multiple cytokines, signal pathway, and hypoxic state of synovial tissue alter the response of synoviocytes to apoptotic stimulation. Also, mitochondrial abnormalities in synoviocytes promote the synoviocytes invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhe Li
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Long
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Peishi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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Yang X, Chang Y, Wei W. Emerging role of targeting macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis: Focus on polarization, metabolism and apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12854. [PMID: 32530555 PMCID: PMC7377929 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages maintain a dynamic balance in physiology. Various known or unknown microenvironmental signals influence the polarization, activation and death of macrophages, which creates an imbalance that leads to disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the massive infiltration of a variety of chronic inflammatory cells in synovia. Abundant activated macrophages found in RA synovia are an early hallmark of RA, and the number of these macrophages can be decreased after effective treatment. In RA, the proportion of M1 (pro‐inflammatory macrophages) is higher than that of M2 (anti‐inflammatory macrophages). The increased pro‐inflammatory ability of macrophages is related to their excessive activation and proliferation as well as an enhanced anti‐apoptosis ability. At present, there are no clinical therapies specific to macrophages in RA. Understanding the mechanisms and functional consequences of the heterogeneity of macrophages will aid in confirming their potential role in inflammation development. This review will outline RA‐related macrophage properties (focus on polarization, metabolism and apoptosis) as well as the origin of macrophages. The molecular mechanisms that drive macrophage properties also be elucidated to identify novel therapeutic targets for RA and other autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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53
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Oxidative Phosphorylation Dysfunction Modifies the Cell Secretome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093374. [PMID: 32397676 PMCID: PMC7246988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders are extremely heterogeneous conditions. Their clinical and genetic variability makes the identification of reliable and specific biomarkers very challenging. Until now, only a few studies have focused on the effect of a defective oxidative phosphorylation functioning on the cell’s secretome, although it could be a promising approach for the identification and pre-selection of potential circulating biomarkers for mitochondrial diseases. Here, we review the insights obtained from secretome studies with regard to oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction, and the biomarkers that appear, so far, to be promising to identify mitochondrial diseases. We propose two new biomarkers to be taken into account in future diagnostic trials.
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Du J, Yu S, Wang D, Chen S, Chen S, Zheng Y, Wang N, Chen S, Li J, Shen B. Germline and somatic mtDNA mutation spectrum of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Taizhou area, China. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:2982-2991. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveReactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in the onset of RA, and the association between nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory chain-related variants and RA has recently been revealed. However, little is known about the landscape of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in RA.MethodsNext-generation sequencing was conducted to profile mtDNA germline and somatic variants in 124 RA patients and 123 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in the Taizhou area, China. Fisher’s exact test, SKAT and SKAT-O were used for gene-burden tests to investigate RA-related variants of mitochondrial genes. Predictive tools were applied to evaluate the pathogenicity of mtDNA variants, and mtDNA haplogroups were assigned according to mtDNA mutations recorded in PhyloTree database. The frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroups between the groups was compared using χ2 analysis.ResultsWe identified 467 RA-unique and 341 healthy control-unique mtDNA variants, with 443 common variants. Only MT-ATP6 with a significant burden of variants was identified by Fisher’s exact test, SKAT and SKAT-O, even after Bonferroni adjustment, and the enrichment variants in MT-ATP6 was mainly driven by m.8830C>A, m.8833G>C and m.8843T>A variants. Besides, four frequently low-heteroplasmic variants including the three variants above and m.14135T>G of MT-ND5 were detected in RA only; except for m.8830C>A, they are considered potential pathogenicity based on functional predictions. χ2 analysis before Bonferroni adjustment revealed haplogroup F1/F1a to be negatively associated with RA (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese results profiled the landscape of germline and somatic mtDNA variants in RA and supported the effects of mitochondrial genes on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Sufei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Donglian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Luqiao, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Suyun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Yufen Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Luqiao, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which a variety of circulating pro-inflammatory cells and dysregulated molecules are involved in disease aetiology and progression. Platelets are an important cellular element in the circulation that can bind several dysregulated molecules (such as collagen, thrombin and fibrinogen) that are present both in the synovium and the circulation of patients with RA. Platelets not only respond to dysregulated molecules in their environment but also transport and express their own inflammatory mediators, and serve as regulators at the boundary between haemostasis and immunity. Activated platelets also produce microparticles, which further convey signalling molecules and receptors to the synovium and circulation, thereby positioning these platelet-derived particles as strategic regulators of inflammation. These diverse functions come together to make platelets facilitators of cellular crosstalk in RA. Thus, the receptor functions, ligand binding potential and dysregulated signalling pathways in platelets are becoming increasingly important for treatment in RA. This Review aims to highlight the role of platelets in RA and the need to closely examine platelets as health indicators when designing effective pharmaceutical targets in this disease.
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Erdogan MA, Yalcin A. Protective effects of benfotiamine on irisin activity in methotrexate-induced liver injury in rats. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:205-211. [PMID: 32051725 PMCID: PMC6963132 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.80002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) causes hepatotoxicity by producing oxidative stress. Benfotiamine and irisin have protective effects against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in irisin activity in the liver as a result of toxicity produced by MTX and the protective role of benfotiamine in the hepatotoxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control, benfotiamine (50 mg/kg, oral gavage (o.g.), for 14 days), MTX (MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) on day 1), MTX + benfotiamine (MTX 20 mg/kg (i.p.) on day 1, then 50 mg/kg (o.g.) benfotiamine for 14 days). Liver tissue was used to examine histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. Serum was used to look for oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS)). RESULTS Administration of MTX caused a significant TOS increase and TAS decrease in the serum as compared to the control group. Immunohistochemically, irisin was significantly increased in immunoreactivity in the MTX group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Significant histopathological improvement and decrease in serum TOS levels were observed in the MTX + benfotiamine group compared to the MTX group (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase in TAS level and a decrease in irisin immunoreactivity were observed but they were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that MTX caused an increase in the activity of irisin after producing toxicity in the liver. In addition, we found that benfotiamine was effective in preventing damage caused by MTX in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Erdogan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Alper Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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57
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Fromm S, Cunningham CC, Dunne MR, Veale DJ, Fearon U, Wade SM. Enhanced angiogenic function in response to fibroblasts from psoriatic arthritis synovium compared to rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:297. [PMID: 31864394 PMCID: PMC6925847 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiogenesis is an early event in the pathogenesis of both psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, there are striking differences in blood vessel morphology and activation between the two arthropathies. The aim of this study was to assess if the PsA and RA joint microenvironments differentially regulate endothelial cell function. Methods PsA and RA primary synovial fibroblasts (SFC) were isolated from synovial biopsies, grown to confluence, and supernatants harvested and termed ‘conditioned media’ (CM). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured with PsA SFC or RA SFC-CM (20%). HUVEC tube formation, migration, and PBMC adhesion were assessed by matrigel tube formation, wound repair, and PBMC adhesion assays. HUVEC cell surface expression of ICAM, VCAM, and E-Selectin was assessed by flow cytometry. Transcriptome analysis of genes promoting angiogenesis was performed by real-time PCR. Finally, a MSD multiplex angiogenic assay was performed on PsA SFC and RA SFC supernatants. Results Macroscopic synovitis and vascularity were similar in PsA and RA patients; however, significant differences in vascular morphological pattern were recorded with tortuous, elongated vessels observed in PsA compared to straight regular branching vessels observed in RA. Transcriptome analysis showed strong upregulation of the pro-angiogenic signature in HUVEC primed with PsA SFC-CM compared to RA SFC-CM and basal control. In parallel, paired PsA SFC-CM significantly induced HUVEC tube formation compared to that of RA SFC-CM. Furthermore, PsA SFC-CM induced HUVEC migration was paralleled by a significant induction in VEGFA, PFKFB3, ICAM-1, and MMP3 mRNA expression. A significant increase in PBMC adhesion and cell surface expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-Selectin expression was also demonstrated in PsA SFC-CM-primed HUVEC compared to RA SFC-CM. Finally, VEGF, TSLP, Flt-1, and Tie-2 expression was elevated in PsA SFC-CM compared to RA SFC-CM, with no significant difference in other pro-angiogenic mediators including MIP-3, bFGF, PIGF, and MCP-1. Conclusion PsA SFC and RA SFC secreted factors differentially regulate endothelial cell function, with soluble mediators in the PsA joint microenvironment inducing a more pro-angiogenic phenotype compared to the RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fromm
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C C Cunningham
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D J Veale
- Rheumatology EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - U Fearon
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - S M Wade
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Rheumatology EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Bayona-Bafaluy M, Esteban O, Ascaso J, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Oxidative phosphorylation inducers fight pathological angiogenesis. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1731-1734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hanlon MM, Rakovich T, Cunningham CC, Ansboro S, Veale DJ, Fearon U, McGarry T. STAT3 Mediates the Differential Effects of Oncostatin M and TNFα on RA Synovial Fibroblast and Endothelial Cell Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2056. [PMID: 31555281 PMCID: PMC6724663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Oncostatin M (OSM), a pleiotropic cytokine and a member of the gp130/IL-6 cytokine family, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which its synergistic interactions with TNFα regulate the cellular bioenergetics and invasive function of synovial cells from patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Methods: Primary RA synovial fibroblasts (RAFLS) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured with OSM alone or in combination with TNFα. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic growth factors and adhesion molecules were quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA. Invasion, angiogenesis and cellular adhesion were quantified by Transwell invasion chambers, Matrigel tube formation assays, and adhesion binding assays. Cellular bioenergetics was assessed using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyser. Key metabolic genes (GLUT-1, HK2, PFKFB3, HIF1α, LDHA, PKM2) and transcription factor STAT3 were measured using real-time PCR and western blot. Results: OSM differentially regulates pro-inflammatory mediators in RAFLS and HUVEC, with IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VEGF all significantly induced, in contrast to the observed inhibition of IL-8 and GROα, with opposing effects observed for VCAM-1 depending on cell type. Functionally, OSM significantly induced angiogenic network formation, adhesion, and invasive mechanisms. This was accompanied by a change in the cellular bioenergetic profile of the cells, where OSM significantly increased the ECAR/OCR ratio in favor of glycolysis, paralleled by induction of the glucose transporter GLUT-1 and key glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PFKFB3, HIF1α). OSM synergizes with TNFα to differentially regulate pro-inflammatory mechanisms in RAFLS and HUVEC. Interestingly, OSM differentially synergizes with TNFα to regulate metabolic reprogramming, where induction of glycolytic activity with concomitant attenuation of mitochondrial respiration and ATP activity was demonstrated in RAFLS but not in HUVEC. Finally, we identified a mechanism, whereby the combination of OSM with TNFα induces transcriptional activity of STAT3 only in RAFLS, with no effect observed in HUVEC. Conclusion: STAT3 mediates the differential effects of OSM and TNFα on RAFLS and EC function. Targeting OSM or downstream signaling pathways may lead to new potential therapeutic or adjuvant strategies, particularly for those patients who have sub-optimal responses to TNFi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tatsiana Rakovich
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare C Cunningham
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon Ansboro
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Trudy McGarry
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent's University Hospital, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
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Sahin E, Dabagoglu Psav S, Avan I, Candan M, Sahinturk V, Koparal AT. Vulpinic acid, a lichen metabolite, emerges as a potential drug candidate in the therapy of oxidative stress–related diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:675-684. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119833745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vulpinic acid, a lichen compound, has been shown to have many beneficial effects and its medicinal value increases day by day. As in atherosclerosis, endothelial damage is the basis of many diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vulpinic acid against oxidative stress damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in endothelial cells. In order to find the IC50 of H2O2 and the protective dose of vulpinic acid, methyl thiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 and the protective effects of vulpinic acid against ROS were examined by fluorometric DCF-DA kit. The effects of H2O2 and vulpinic acid on actin filaments were determined by tetramethyl rhodamine (TRITC)-phalloidin fluorescence staining. Expression of Tie2 proteins was immunocytochemically analyzed in H2O2- and vulpinic acid-treated cells. After 24 h, the IC50 was found to be 215 μM in HUVECs treated with H2O2. The most effective dose of vulpinic acid against H2O2-associated damage was found to be 15 μM. Vulpinic acid pretreatment was shown to reduce H2O2-induced ROS production significantly ( p < 0.05). It was shown that 215 μM of H2O2 caused actin fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and decrease in actin florescence intensity while vulpinic acid protected the cells from these damages. It was found that Tie2 immunoreactivity was decreased in H2O2-treated groups and vulpinic acid pretreatment reduced the expression of this protein. In conclusion, vulpinic acid decreases H2O2-induced oxidative stress and oxidative stress–related damages in HUVECs. It may be drug candidate in the therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - S Dabagoglu Psav
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - I Avan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - M Candan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - V Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - AT Koparal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Balogh E, Pusztai A, Hamar A, Végh E, Szamosi S, Kerekes G, McCormick J, Biniecka M, Szántó S, Szűcs G, Nagy Z, Fearon U, Veale DJ, Szekanecz Z. Autoimmune and angiogenic biomarkers in autoimmune atherosclerosis. Clin Immunol 2019; 199:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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62
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Harasymowicz NS, Dicks A, Wu CL, Guilak F. Physiologic and pathologic effects of dietary free fatty acids on cells of the joint. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1440:36-53. [PMID: 30648276 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are potent organic compounds that not only can be used as an energy source during nutrient deprivation but are also involved in several essential signaling cascades in cells. Therefore, a balanced intake of different dietary FAs is critical for the maintenance of cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. A diet with an imbalanced fat composition creates a risk for developing metabolic syndrome and various musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge and mechanistic insights regarding the role of dietary FAs, such as saturated FAs, omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and omega-3 PUFAs on joint inflammation and OA pathogeneses. In particular, we review how different types of dietary FAs and their derivatives distinctly affect a variety of cells within the joint, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of FAs on metabolic behavior, anabolic, and catabolic processes, as well as the inflammatory response of joint cells, may help identify therapeutic targets for the prevention of metabolic joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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63
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Fearon U, Hanlon MM, Wade SM, Fletcher JM. Altered metabolic pathways regulate synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 197:170-180. [PMID: 30357805 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leucocyte extravasation leading to joint destruction and functional disability. The blood vessels in the inflamed synovium are highly dysregulated, resulting in poor delivery of oxygen; this, along with the increased metabolic demand of infiltrating immune cells and inflamed resident cells, results in the lack of key nutrients at the site of inflammation. In these adverse conditions synovial cells must adapt to generate sufficient energy to support their proliferation and activation status, and thus switch their cell metabolism from a resting regulatory state to a highly metabolically active state. This alters redox-sensitive signalling pathways and also results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates which, in turn, can act as signalling molecules that further exacerbate the inflammatory response. The RA synovium is a multi-cellular tissue, and while many cell types interact to promote the inflammatory response, their metabolic requirements differ. Thus, understanding the complex interplay between hypoxia-induced signalling pathways, metabolic pathways and the inflammatory response will provide better insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M M Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S M Wade
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J M Fletcher
- Translational Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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