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Qian JM, Schoenfeld JD. Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Current Evidence and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608772. [PMID: 33614492 PMCID: PMC7886974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decade. However, although the immune landscape suggests a strong rationale for the use of these agents in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the available clinical evidence indicates that most patients currently do not respond to ICI monotherapy. Radiotherapy is a primary treatment modality for many patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. While ionizing radiation traditionally has been thought to act in a purely cytotoxic fashion, a growing body of preclinical studies have demonstrated additional profound immunomodulatory effects. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in the potential synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy, both the potential for radiotherapy to augment the systemic anti-tumor immune response and the potential for immunotherapy to improve in-field tumor response to radiation. In this review, we summarize the current preclinical and clinical evidence for radioimmunotherapy, with a particular focus on studies directly relevant to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as existing challenges and future directions for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Dorhoi A, Kotzé LA, Berzofsky JA, Sui Y, Gabrilovich DI, Garg A, Hafner R, Khader SA, Schaible UE, Kaufmann SH, Walzl G, Lutz MB, Mahon RN, Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Bishai W, du Plessis N. Therapies for tuberculosis and AIDS: myeloid-derived suppressor cells in focus. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2789-2799. [PMID: 32420917 DOI: 10.1172/jci136288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of suppressive myeloid cells in immune regulation has come to the forefront in cancer research, with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as a main oncology immunotherapeutic target. Recent improvement and standardization of criteria classifying tumor-induced MDSCs have led to unified descriptions and also promoted MDSC research in tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS. Despite convincing evidence on the induction of MDSCs by pathogen-derived molecules and inflammatory mediators in TB and AIDS, very little attention has been given to their therapeutic modulation or roles in vaccination in these diseases. Clinical manifestations in TB are consequences of complex host-pathogen interactions and are substantially affected by HIV infection. Here we summarize the current understanding and knowledge gaps regarding the role of MDSCs in HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (co)infections. We discuss key scientific priorities to enable application of this knowledge to the development of novel strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and/or implementation of enhanced treatment approaches. Building on recent findings and potential for cross-fertilization between oncology and infection biology, we highlight current challenges and untapped opportunities for translating new advances in MDSC research into clinical applications for TB and AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leigh A Kotzé
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard Hafner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Program Infections.,Thematic Translation Unit Tuberculosis, German Center for Infection Research, and.,Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan He Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert N Mahon
- Division of AIDS, Columbus Technologies & Services Inc., Contractor to National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bhat AA, Yousuf P, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Chauhan SS, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Batra SK, Haris M, Macha MA. Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 33436555 PMCID: PMC7804459 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors. Recent clinical, genomic, and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC. Despite significant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions, failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths. It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis, promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy, and thereby adversely affects the prognosis. A complete understanding of the TME factors, together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions, can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC. Interestingly, different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV+ve and HPV-ve (human papillomavirus) HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized, targeted chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimen. This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, metastatic niche, therapeutic resistance, and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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Welters MJP, Santegoets SJ, van der Burg SH. The Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:545385. [PMID: 33425717 PMCID: PMC7793705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.545385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) develops as a consequence of several mutations in the tumor suppressor pathways or after a progressive infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The dismal side effects of the current standard of care and the clear involvement of the immune system has led to a surge in clinical trials that aim to reinforce the tumor-specific immune response as a new treatment option. In this review, we have focused on the most recent literature to discuss the new findings and insights on the role of different immune cells in the context of OPSCC and its etiology. We then applied this knowledge to describe potential biomarkers and analyzed the rationale and outcomes of earlier and ongoing immunotherapy trials. Finally, we describe new developments that are still at the preclinical phase and provide an outlook on what the near future may bring, now that several new and exciting techniques to study the immune system at the single cell level are being exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marij J P Welters
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Saskia J Santegoets
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Vichaya EG, Ford BG, Quave CB, Rishi MR, Grossberg AJ, Dantzer R. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates the development of fatigue in the murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma model independently of activation of macrophages and microglia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 122:104874. [PMID: 32979744 PMCID: PMC7686070 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue at the time of tumor diagnosis is commonly attributed to inflammation associated with the disease process. However, we have previously demonstrated that running wheel deficits occur well before increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and brain in a murine model of human papilloma virus-related head and neck cancer (mEER). Further, we have demonstrated that genetic deletion of type I interleukin-1 receptor and MyD88 has no effect. In the current investigation we sought to test the generality of this finding by assessing whether there is a role for toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent inflammation in the fatigue-like behavior observed in mice with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) or mEER tumors. Genetic deletion of TLR4 attenuated tumor-induced elevations in liver pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in both models. However, it only abrogated wheel running deficits in LLC tumor bearing mice. To determine whether TLR4 signaling in the LLC model involves innate immune cells, mice were treated with the colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor antagonist PLX-5622 before and throughout tumor development to deplete microglia and peripheral macrophages. Administration of PLX-5622 had no protective effect on wheel running deficits in either mEER or LLC tumor models despite effective depletion of microglia and a down regulation of peripheral proinflammatory cytokine expression. These results indicate that the TLR4 signaling that mediates fatigue-like behavior in LLC mice is not dependent upon microglial or peripheral macrophage activation. Based on the literature and our data demonstrating attenuation of ubiquitin proteasome pathway activation in the gastrocnemius muscle of Tlr4-/- mice implanted with LLC cells, we interpret our current findings as indication that skeletal muscle TLR4 signaling may be involved. These results are important in that they add to the evidence that tumor-induced fatigue develops independently from classical neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G. Vichaya
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798,Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bianca G. Ford
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Cana B. Quave
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030
| | - M. Raafay Rishi
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Aaron J. Grossberg
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, US
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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Wang Z, Yuan H, Huang J, Hu D, Qin X, Sun C, Chen G, Wang B. Prognostic value of immune-related genes and immune cell infiltration analysis in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2020; 43:182-197. [PMID: 33009692 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the few malignant tumors that respond well to immunotherapy. We aimed to investigate the immune-related genes and immune cell infiltration of HNSCC and construct a predictive model for its prognosis. METHODS We calculated the stromal/immune scores of patients with HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas using the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data algorithm and investigated the relationship between the scores and patients' prognosis. Three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Random Forest, and Rbsurv) were performed to screen key immune-related genes and constructed a predictive model. The immune cell infiltrating was calculated by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource algorithm. RESULTS The stromal and immune scores significantly correlated with prognosis. A 6-gene signature was selected and displayed a robust predictive effect. The expressions of key genes were associated with immune infiltrating. GSE65858 validated the results. CONCLUSION Our study comprehensively analyzed the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC and constructed a robust predictive model, providing a basis for further investigation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huangbo Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dianxing Hu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Residual tumor characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:1632-1641. [PMID: 33268125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was to investigate the characteristics of residual tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. METHODS The resection specimens of 187 patients undergoing surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were reevaluated. Tumor regression grade determined by residual tumor ratios was scored for each specific layer of the esophageal wall and all removed lymph nodes for 4 grades as tumor regression grade 1, 0% residual tumors, tumor regression grade 2, less than 10%; tumor regression grade 3, 10% to 50%; tumor regression grade 4, greater than 50%. The pretreatment pathologic tumor stage and pretreatment pathologic lymph node stage before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were recorded reflecting the original depth of primary tumor and number of originally involved lymph nodes, respectively. According to regression directionality, regression pattern was classified into 4 categories as type I: regression toward the lumen, type II: regression toward the invasive front, type III: concentric regression, and type IV: scattered regression. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Cochran Q tests, and Kendall τ-b coefficient, appropriately. RESULTS A total of 138 patients have residual tumors, and 97 patients (70.3%), 100 patients (72.5%), 89 patients (64.5%), 63 patients (45.7%), and 68 patients (49.3%) have malignant cells in mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, adventitia/surrounding stroma, and lymph nodes, respectively. A total of 115 patients (83.3%) had residual tumors in the mucosa or submucosa, but 63 (54.8%) were graded as tumor regression grade 2 with small amounts of tumors in these 2 layers, 9 patients (6.5%) had residual tumors only in the deep 2 layers, and 14 patients (10.1%) had residual tumors only in lymph nodes. Overall, 86 patients (62.7%) with residual tumors are difficult to identify via present techniques. In patients with tumors that involved all esophageal layers before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, only muscularis propria contained residual tumors significantly more frequently than the adventitia/surrounding stroma (P < .001). The random type IV and nonrandom regression patterns of type I to III were comparable with 48.9% and 51.1%, respectively. In patients with positive lymph node before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, only a small portion of patients (29.2%, 28/96) achieved ypN0 status (nodes pathological complete response), even worse than the primary lesions (33.6%, 63/187) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The small amount of viable tumor cells in the superficial layers, low pathological complete response rate of lymph nodes, and diverse regression patterns lead to difficulty of detecting residual tumors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Wen P, Gao Y, Chen B, Qi X, Hu G, Xu A, Xia J, Wu L, Lu H, Zhao G. Pan-Cancer Analysis of Radiotherapy Benefits and Immune Infiltration in Multiple Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040957. [PMID: 32294976 PMCID: PMC7226004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Response to radiotherapy (RT) in cancers varies widely among patients. Therefore, it is very important to predict who will benefit from RT before clinical treatment. Consideration of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) could provide novel insight into tumor treatment options. In this study, we investigated the link between immune infiltration status and clinical RT outcome in order to identify certain leukocyte subsets that could potentially influence the clinical RT benefit across cancers. By integrally analyzing the TCGA data across seven cancers, we identified complex associations between immune infiltration and patients RT outcomes. Besides, immune cells showed large differences in their populations in various cancers, and the most abundant cells were resting memory CD4 T cells. Additionally, the proportion of activated CD4 memory T cells and activated mast cells, albeit at low number, were closely related to RT overall survival in multiple cancers. Furthermore, a prognostic model for RT outcomes was established with good performance based on the immune infiltration status. Summarized, immune infiltration was found to be of significant clinical relevance to RT outcomes. These findings may help to shed light on the impact of tumor-associated immune cell infiltration on cancer RT outcomes, and identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Wen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guanshuo Hu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Junfeng Xia
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China;
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Huayi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (G.Z.)
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McLaughlin M, Patin EC, Pedersen M, Wilkins A, Dillon MT, Melcher AA, Harrington KJ. Inflammatory microenvironment remodelling by tumour cells after radiotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:203-217. [PMID: 32161398 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is revolutionizing the way we think about cancer treatment. Even so, for most types of cancer, only a minority of patients currently benefit from ICI therapies. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to ICIs has focused research towards new combination therapy approaches that seek to increase response rates, the depth of remission and the durability of benefit. In this Review, we describe how radiotherapy, through its immunomodulating effects, represents a promising combination partner with ICIs. We describe how recent research on DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy may be used to augment this approach. Radiotherapy can kill cancer cells while simultaneously triggering the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing tumour-infiltrating immune cells - phenomena often described colloquially as turning immunologically 'cold' tumours 'hot'. Here, we focus on new developments illustrating the key role of tumour cell-autonomous signalling after radiotherapy. Radiotherapy-induced tumour cell micronuclei activate cytosolic nucleic acid sensor pathways, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING), and propagation of the resulting inflammatory signals remodels the immune contexture of the tumour microenvironment. In parallel, radiation can impact immunosurveillance by modulating neoantigen expression. Finally, we highlight how tumour cell-autonomous mechanisms might be exploited by combining DDR inhibitors, ICIs and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McLaughlin
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Emmanuel C Patin
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Magnus T Dillon
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alan A Melcher
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Xu J, Luo Y, Yuan C, Han L, Wu Q, Xu L, Gao Y, Sun Y, Ma S, Tang G, Li S, Sun W, Gong Y, Xie C. Downregulation of Nitric Oxide Collaborated with Radiotherapy to Promote Anti-Tumor Immune Response via Inducing CD8+ T Cell Infiltration. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1563-1574. [PMID: 32226302 PMCID: PMC7097922 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of nitric oxide (NO) is a key feature of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, which impair T cell activation and proliferation via reversibly blocking interleukin-2 receptor signaling. NO is mainly produced from L-arginine by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Moreover, L-arginine is an essential element for T cell proliferation and behaviors. Impaired T cell function further inhibits anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor progression. Previous studies indicated that radiotherapy activated anti-tumor immune responses in multiple tumors. However, myeloid-derived cells in the tumor microenvironment may neutralize these responses. We hypothesized that iNOS, as an important regulator of the immunosuppressive effects in myeloid-derived cells, mediated radiation resistance of cancer cells. In this study, we used 1400W dihydrochloride, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of iNOS, to explore the regulatory roles of NO in anti-tumor immunity. Radiotherapy and iNOS inhibition by 1400W collaboratively suppressed tumor growth and increased survival time, as well as increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and specific inflammatory cytokine levels, in both lung and breast cancer cells in vivo. Our results also suggested that myeloid cell-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation was effectively counteracted by radiation and 1400W-mediated NO blockade in vitro. Thus, these results demonstrated that iNOS was an important regulator of radiotherapy-induced antitumor immune responses. The combination of radiotherapy with iNOS blockade might be an effective therapy to improve the response of tumors to clinical radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linzhi Han
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liexi Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuke Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijing Ma
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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62
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Ren D, Hua Y, Yu B, Ye X, He Z, Li C, Wang J, Mo Y, Wei X, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q, Wang H, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Li G, Li Y, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Predictive biomarkers and mechanisms underlying resistance to PD1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:19. [PMID: 32000802 PMCID: PMC6993488 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe the utility of PD-L1 expression levels, mutation burden, immune cell infiltration, and immune cell function for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Furthermore, we explore the mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance caused by PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, T cell dysfunction, and T cell exhaustion. Based on these mechanisms, we propose combination therapeutic strategies. We emphasize the importance of patient-specific treatment plans to reduce the economic burden and prolong the life of patients. The predictive indicators, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapies described in this review provide a basis for improved precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuze Hua
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Boyao Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziheng He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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63
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Newton JM, Hanoteau A, Liu HC, Gaspero A, Parikh F, Gartrell-Corrado RD, Hart TD, Laoui D, Van Ginderachter JA, Dharmaraj N, Spanos WC, Saenger Y, Young S, Sikora AG. Immune microenvironment modulation unmasks therapeutic benefit of radiotherapy and checkpoint inhibition. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:216. [PMID: 31409394 PMCID: PMC6693252 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for solid tumors, including those targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have shown impressive clinical efficacy, however, most patients do not achieve durable responses. One major therapeutic obstacle is the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Thus, we hypothesized that a strategy combining tumor-directed radiation with TIME immunomodulation could improve ICI response rates in established solid tumors. METHODS Using a syngeneic mouse model of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancer, mEER, we developed a maximally effective regimen combining PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibition, tumor-directed radiation, and two existing immunomodulatory drugs: cyclophosphamide (CTX) and a small-molecule inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, L-n6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL). We compared the effects of the various combinations of this regimen on tumor growth, overall survival, establishment of immunologic memory, and immunologic changes with flow cytometry and quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade, and radiotherapy alone or in combination, incapable of clearing established tumors or reversing the unfavorable balance of effector to suppressor cells in the TIME. However, modulation of the TIME with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and L-NIL in combination with dual checkpoint inhibition and radiation led to rejection of over 70% of established mEER tumors and doubled median survival in the B16 melanoma model. Anti-tumor activity was CD8+ T cell-dependent and led to development of immunologic memory against tumor-associated HPV antigens. Immune profiling revealed that CTX/L-NIL induced remodeling of myeloid cell populations in the TIME and tumor-draining lymph node and drove subsequent activation and intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ effector T cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that modulation of the immunosuppressive TIME is required to unlock the benefits of ICIs and radiotherapy to induce immunologic rejection of treatment-refractory established solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Newton
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Aurelie Hanoteau
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Angelina Gaspero
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Falguni Parikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robyn D. Gartrell-Corrado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY USA
| | - Thomas D. Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY USA
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Neeraja Dharmaraj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - William C. Spanos
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD USA
| | - Yvonne Saenger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY USA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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64
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Böhrnsen F, Holzenburg J, Godek F, Kauffmann P, Moser N, Schliephake H. Influence of tumour necrosis factor alpha on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral cancer cells in co-culture with mesenchymal stromal cells. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 49:157-165. [PMID: 31345665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumour progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is influenced by the surrounding stroma and inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that TNF-α modulates the interactions of HNSCC cell line PCI-13 and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and influences markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Following induction with TNF-α, mono- and co-cultures of BMSCs and the established HNSCC cell line PCI-13 were analyzed; protein expression of E-cadherin and vimentin and qRT-PCR expression of Snail, Twist, MMP14, vimentin, E-cadherin, and β-catenin were examined, and changes in cellular AKT signalling were analyzed. TNF-α induced a significant decrease in E-cadherin (64.5±6.0%, P=0.002) and vimentin (10.4±3.5%, P=0.04) protein expression in co-cultured PCI-13, while qRT-PCR showed a significant increase in β-catenin (BMSCs P<0.0001; PCI-13 P=0.0005) and Snail (BMSCs P=0.009; PCI-13 P=0.01). TNF-α also resulted in a down-regulation of AKT downstream targets S6 (38.7±20.9%, P=0.01), p70S6 (16.7±12%, P=0.05), RSK1 (23.6±28.8%, P=0.02), and mTOR (27.4±17.5%, P=0.004) in BMSC co-cultures. In summary, while reducing the expression of vimentin and AKT-signalling in PCI-13 and BMSC, respectively, TNF-α introduced an inflammatory-driven tumour-stroma transition, marked by an increased expression of markers of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Böhrnsen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - J Holzenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Godek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P Kauffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Moser
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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65
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Zhang E, Dai F, Mao Y, He W, Liu F, Ma W, Qiao Y. Differences of the immune cell landscape between normal and tumor tissue in human prostate. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:344-350. [PMID: 31077088 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, immunological checkpoint therapy has been an increasingly prominent strategy in the treatment of tumors, including prostate cancer (PC). There are few systematic studies of the phenotypic of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in PC tissues. METHODS CIBERSORT is an analytical tool for estimating the abundance of member cell types in mixed cell population by gene expression data. Herein, we analyzed different levels of tumor-infiltrating immunity cells in normal tissue compared with PC using CIBERSORT. RESULTS The results showed that proportion of M1 macrophages and resting mast cells presented significant differences in prostate tumor than these normal tissues. A higher proportion of resting mast cells was associated with a worse outcome and M1 macrophages was associated with a favorable outcome. Moreover, the radiotherapy and targeted molecular therapy can affect the immune infiltration of M1 macrophages and resting mast cells. CONCLUSIONS Resting mast cells and M1 macrophages has an important role in the prognosis of prostate cancer. Our data provides valuable information about the future treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - F Dai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Mao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - W He
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - F Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - W Ma
- Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Qiao
- Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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