Gerber B, Krause A, Müller H, Reimer T, Külz T, Makovitzky J, Kundt G, Friese K. Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a prospective long-term study using transvaginal ultrasound.
J Clin Oncol 2000;
18:3464-70. [PMID:
11032586 DOI:
10.1200/jco.2000.18.20.3464]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE
To study the value of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) in endometrial screening of postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In 247 tamoxifen-treated (20 to 30 mg/d for >/= 2 years) women and 98 controls, the endometrium was prospectively followed-up by means of TVS every 6 months for up to 5 years. Patients with homogeneous endometrium of more than 10-mm thickness were then scanned repeatedly every 3 months.
RESULTS
The mean endometrial thickness was 3.5 +/- 1.1 mm before treatment and increased to a maximum of 9. 2 +/- 5.1 mm after 3 years of tamoxifen application (P: <.0001), which was significantly (P: <.0001) thicker compared with controls. Fifty-two asymptomatic patients with thickened or morphologically suspect endometrium underwent hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage (D&C), resulting in four uterine perforations. Histopathologically, atrophy was found in 38 patients (73.1%), polyps in nine, hyperplasia in four, and endometrial cancer in one case. In 20 screened patients who reported vaginal bleeding, five atrophies (25%), five polyps, four hyperplasias, and two endometrial cancers were found. Before hysteroscopy and D&C were performed, 36 (69.2%) of 52 asymptomatic and four (20%) of 20 symptomatic patients were scanned by repeated TVS over 2 to 30 months. Invasive diagnostic procedures were significantly (P: <.05) more frequent in younger and obese patients. In the controls, one asymptomatic polyp and one symptomatic hyperplasia were found.
CONCLUSION
In tamoxifen-treated patients, TVS offered a high false-positive rate, even with a cutoff value of 10 mm for endometrial thickness and repeated TVS scans. Increased iatrogenic morbidity and only one asymptomatic endometrial carcinoma do not warrant endometrial screening by TVS in tamoxifen-treated patients.
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