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Hedrick E, Lee SO, Safe S. The nuclear orphan receptor NR4A1 regulates β1-integrin expression in pancreatic and colon cancer cells and can be targeted by NR4A1 antagonists. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2066-2075. [PMID: 28418095 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
β1-Integrin is highly expressed and is a negative prognostic factor for colon and pancreatic cancer patients and the gene plays a functional role in cell migration and invasion. In this study, we demonstrate that β1-integrin expression is regulated in pancreatic and colon cancer cells by the pro-oncogenic orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77, TR3) and knockdown of this receptor by RNA interference decreases β1-integrin protein and mRNA expression, α5-integrin, and also expression of β1-integrin-dependent phosphorylation of FAK (pFak). Knockdown of NR4A1 also decreased migration and fibronectin-induced adhesion in pancreatic (Panc1, L3.6 pL, and MiaPaCa2) and colon (RKO and SW480) cancer cells. 1,1-Bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methane (C-DIM) compounds containing p-hydroxy (DIM-C-pPhOH) and p-carbomethoxy (DIM-C-pPhCO2 Me) groups are NR4A1 ligands that act as antagonists for this receptor. Treatment of pancreatic and colon cancer cells with DIM-C-pPhOH or DIM-C-pPhCO2 Me mimics the effects of NR4A1 knockdown and decreases β1-integrin expression, β1-integrin regulated genes and responses including migration and adhesion. The results demonstrate a novel method for targeting β1-integrin in colon and pancreatic cancer cells and indicate possible clinical applications for C-DIM/NR4A1 antagonists for pancreatic and colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hedrick
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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52
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Doan TB, Graham JD, Clarke CL. Emerging functional roles of nuclear receptors in breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R169-R190. [PMID: 28087820 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) have been targets of intensive drug development for decades due to their roles as key regulators of multiple developmental, physiological and disease processes. In breast cancer, expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptor remains clinically important in predicting prognosis and determining therapeutic strategies. More recently, there is growing evidence supporting the involvement of multiple nuclear receptors other than the estrogen and progesterone receptors, in the regulation of various processes important to the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We review new insights into the mechanisms of action of NRs made possible by recent advances in genomic technologies and focus on the emerging functional roles of NRs in breast cancer biology, including their involvement in circadian regulation, metabolic reprogramming and breast cancer migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram B Doan
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Dinny Graham
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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53
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Ka NL, Na TY, Na H, Lee MH, Park HS, Hwang S, Kim IY, Seong JK, Lee MO. NR1D1 Recruitment to Sites of DNA Damage Inhibits Repair and Is Associated with Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2453-2463. [PMID: 28249904 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair capacity is critical for survival of cancer cells upon therapeutic DNA damage and thus is an important determinant of susceptibility to chemotherapy in cancer patients. In this study, we identified a novel function of nuclear receptor NR1D1 in DNA repair, which enhanced chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells. NR1D1 inhibited both nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination double-strand breaks repair, and delayed the clearance of γH2AX DNA repair foci that formed after treatment of doxorubicin. PARylation of NR1D1 by PARP1 drove its recruitment to damaged DNA lesions. Deletion of the ligand binding domain of NR1D1 that interacted with PARP1, or treatment of 6-(5H)-phenanthridinone, an inhibitor of PARP1, suppressed the recruitment of NR1D1 to DNA damaged sites, indicating PARylation as a critical step for the NR1D1 recruitment. NR1D1 inhibited recruitment of the components of DNA damage response complex such as SIRT6, pNBS1, and BRCA1 to DNA lesions. Downregulation of NR1D1 in MCF7 cells resulted in resistance to doxorubicin, both in vitro and in vivo Analysis of four public patient data sets indicated that NR1D1 expression correlates positively with clinical outcome in breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that NR1D1 and its ligands provide therapeutic options that could enhance the outcomes of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2453-63. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Lee Ka
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Na
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyelin Na
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sewon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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54
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Carroll JS, Hickey TE, Tarulli GA, Williams M, Tilley WD. Deciphering the divergent roles of progestogens in breast cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:54-64. [PMID: 27885264 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancers are driven by oestrogen receptor-α. Anti-oestrogenic drugs are the standard treatment for these breast cancers; however, treatment resistance is common, necessitating new therapeutic strategies. Recent preclinical and historical clinical studies support the use of progestogens to activate the progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancers. However, widespread controversy exists regarding the role of progestogens in this disease, hindering the clinical implementation of PR-targeted therapies. Herein, we present and discuss data at the root of this controversy and clarify the confusion and misinterpretations that have consequently arisen. We then present our view on how progestogens may be safely and effectively used in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Williams
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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55
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Lacey A, Rodrigues-Hoffman A, Safe S. PAX3-FOXO1A Expression in Rhabdomyosarcoma Is Driven by the Targetable Nuclear Receptor NR4A1. Cancer Res 2016; 77:732-741. [PMID: 27864345 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a devastating pediatric disease driven by expression of the oncogenic fusion gene PAX3-FOXO1A. In this study, we report overexpression of the nuclear receptor NR4A1 in rhabdomyosarcomas that is sufficient to drive high expression of PAX3-FOXO1A there. RNAi-mediated silencing of NR4A1 decreased expression of PAX3-FOXO1A and its downstream effector genes. Similarly, cell treatment with the NR4A1 small-molecule antagonists 1,1-bis(3-indolyl)-1-(p-hydroxy or p-carbomethoxyphenyl)methane (C-DIM) decreased PAX3-FOXO1A. Mechanistic investigations revealed a requirement for the NR4A1/Sp4 complex to bind GC-rich promoter regions to elevate transcription of the PAX3-FOXO1A gene. In parallel, NR4A1 also regulated expression of β1-integrin, which with PAX3-FOXO1A, contributed to tumor cell migration that was blocked by C-DIM/NR4A1 antagonists. Taken together, our results provide a preclinical rationale for the use of NR4A1 small-molecule antagonists to treat ARMS and other rhabdomyosarcomas driven by PAX3-FOXO1A. Cancer Res; 77(3); 732-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lacey
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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56
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Niu C, Sun X, Zhang W, Li H, Xu L, Li J, Xu B, Zhang Y. NR2F6 Expression Correlates with Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101694. [PMID: 27775588 PMCID: PMC5085726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is an abnormal expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) in human cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer, and acute myelogenous leukemia. However, its clinical significance in cervical cancer has not been established. We explored NR2F6 expression and its clinicopathological significance in early-stage cervical cancer. Methods: NR2F6 expression in cervical cancer cell lines and cervical cancer tissues was determined by Western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunochemistry (IHC). NR2F6 expression in 189 human early-stage cervical cancer tissue samples was evaluated using IHC. The relevance between NR2F6 expression and early-stage cervical cancer prognosis and clinicopathological features was determined. Results: There was marked NR2F6 mRNA and protein overexpression in the cervical cancer cells and clinical tissues compared with an immortalized squamous cell line and adjacent noncancerous cervical tissues, respectively. In the 189 cervical cancer samples, NR2F6 expression was positively related to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (p = 0.006), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (p = 0.006), vital status (p < 0.001), tumor recurrence (p = 0.001), chemotherapy (p = 0.039), and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001). Overall and disease-free survival was shorter in patients with early-stage cervical cancer and higher NR2F6 levels than in patients with lower levels of NR2F6. Univariate and multivariate analysis determined that NR2F6 was an independent prognostic factor of survival in early-stage cervical cancer. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that high NR2F6 expression predicts pelvic lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence and poor prognosis in early-stage cervical cancer. NR2F6 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Weijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province, No. 13, Guang Yuan Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Benke Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Yangtzeu University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Yanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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57
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Carr FE, Tai PWL, Barnum MS, Gillis NE, Evans KG, Taber TH, White JH, Tomczak JA, Jaworski DM, Zaidi SK, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β (TRβ) Mediates Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2) Expression in Thyroid Cancer Cells: A Novel Signaling Pathway in Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3278-92. [PMID: 27253998 PMCID: PMC4967127 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR)β is common in human cancers. Restoration of functional TRβ delays tumor progression in models of thyroid and breast cancers implicating TRβ as a tumor suppressor. Conversely, aberrant expression of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is established in the progression and metastasis of thyroid, breast, and other cancers. Silencing of Runx2 diminishes tumor invasive characteristics. With TRβ as a tumor suppressor and Runx2 as a tumor promoter, a compelling question is whether there is a functional relationship between these regulatory factors in thyroid tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrated that these proteins are reciprocally expressed in normal and malignant thyroid cells; TRβ is high in normal cells, and Runx2 is high in malignant cells. T3 induced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in Runx2 expression. Silencing of TRβ by small interfering RNA knockdown resulted in a corresponding increase in Runx2 and Runx2-regulated genes, indicating that TRβ levels directly impact Runx2 expression and associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition molecules. TRβ specifically bound to 3 putative thyroid hormone-response element motifs within the Runx2-P1 promoter ((-)105/(+)133) as detected by EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation. TRβ suppressed Runx2 transcriptional activities, thus confirming TRβ regulation of Runx2 at functional thyroid hormone-response elements. Significantly, these findings indicate that a ratio of the tumor-suppressor TRβ and tumor-promoting Runx2 may reflect tumor aggression and serve as biomarkers in biopsy tissues. The discovery of this TRβ-Runx2 signaling supports the emerging role of TRβ as a tumor suppressor and reveals a novel pathway for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Carr
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Phillip W L Tai
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Michael S Barnum
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Noelle E Gillis
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Katherine G Evans
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Thomas H Taber
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Jeffrey H White
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Jennifer A Tomczak
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Diane M Jaworski
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Jane B Lian
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Janet L Stein
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Gary S Stein
- Departments of Pharmacology (F.E.C., M.S.B., N.E.G., K.G.E., T.H.T., J.H.W., J.A.T.), Biochemistry (P.W.L.T., S.K.Z., J.B.L., J.L.S., G.S.S.), and Neurological Sciences (D.M.J.), College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
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58
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Lin ML, Patel H, Remenyi J, Banerji CRS, Lai CF, Periyasamy M, Lombardo Y, Busonero C, Ottaviani S, Passey A, Quinlan PR, Purdie CA, Jordan LB, Thompson AM, Finn RS, Rueda OM, Caldas C, Gil J, Coombes RC, Fuller-Pace FV, Teschendorff AE, Buluwela L, Ali S. Expression profiling of nuclear receptors in breast cancer identifies TLX as a mediator of growth and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21685-703. [PMID: 26280373 PMCID: PMC4673296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear Receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors comprises 48 members, several of which have been implicated in breast cancer. Most important is estrogen receptor-α (ERα), which is a key therapeutic target. ERα action is facilitated by co-operativity with other NR and there is evidence that ERα function may be recapitulated by other NRs in ERα-negative breast cancer. In order to examine the inter-relationships between nuclear receptors, and to obtain evidence for previously unsuspected roles for any NRs, we undertook quantitative RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis to examine their expression in breast cancer. While most NRs were expressed, bioinformatic analyses differentiated tumours into distinct prognostic groups that were validated by analyzing public microarray data sets. Although ERα and progesterone receptor were dominant in distinguishing prognostic groups, other NR strengthened these groups. Clustering analysis identified several family members with potential importance in breast cancer. Specifically, RORγ is identified as being co-expressed with ERα, whilst several NRs are preferentially expressed in ERα-negative disease, with TLX expression being prognostic in this subtype. Functional studies demonstrated the importance of TLX in regulating growth and invasion in ERα-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lay Lin
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hetal Patel
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Judit Remenyi
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Christopher R S Banerji
- Statistical Genomics Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Centre of Mathematics and Physics in Life & Experimental Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ylenia Lombardo
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Ottaviani
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alun Passey
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philip R Quinlan
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Lee B Jordan
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jesus Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Frances V Fuller-Pace
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew E Teschendorff
- Statistical Genomics Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Centre of Mathematics and Physics in Life & Experimental Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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59
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Geradts J, Groth J, Wu Y, Jin G. Validation of an oligo-gene signature for the prognostic stratification of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 157:447-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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60
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Barrios-García T, Gómez-Romero V, Tecalco-Cruz Á, Valadéz-Graham V, León-Del-Río A. Nuclear tristetraprolin acts as a corepressor of multiple steroid nuclear receptors in breast cancer cells. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2016; 7:20-6. [PMID: 27114912 PMCID: PMC4832087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a 34-kDa, zinc finger-containing factor that in mammalian cells acts as a tumor suppressor protein through two different mechanisms. In the cytoplasm TTP promotes the decay of hundreds of mRNAs encoding cell factors involved in inflammation, tissue invasion, and metastasis. In the cell nucleus TTP has been identified as a transcriptional corepressor of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which has been associated to the development and progression of the majority of breast cancer tumors. In this work we report that nuclear TTP modulates the transactivation activity of progesterone receptor (PR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptor (AR). In recent years these steroid nuclear receptors have been shown to be of clinical and therapeutical relevance in breast cancer. The functional association between TTP and steroid nuclear receptors is supported by the finding that TTP physically interacts with ERα, PR, GR and AR in vivo. We also show that TTP overexpression attenuates the transactivation of all the steroid nuclear receptors tested. In contrast, siRNA-mediated reduction of endogenous TTP expression in MCF-7 cells produced an increase in the transcriptional activities of ERα, PR, GR and AR. Taken together, these results suggest that the function of nuclear TTP in breast cancer cells is to act as a corepressor of ERα, PR, GR and AR. We propose that the reduction of TTP expression observed in different types of breast cancer tumors may contribute to the development of this disease by producing a dysregulation of the transactivation activity of multiple steroid nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Vania Gómez-Romero
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Viviana Valadéz-Graham
- Departamento Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Corresponding author at: Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico.Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de MamaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAv. Universidad 3000Mexico D.F.Mexico04510
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Safe S, Jin UH, Morpurgo B, Abudayyeh A, Singh M, Tjalkens RB. Nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) family - orphans no more. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 157:48-60. [PMID: 25917081 PMCID: PMC4618773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 are immediate early genes induced by multiple stressors, and the NR4A receptors play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease. There is increasing evidence for the role of these receptors in metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological functions and also in inflammation and inflammatory diseases and in immune functions and cancer. Despite the similarities of NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 and their interactions with common cis-genomic elements, they exhibit unique activities and cell-/tissue-specific functions. Although endogenous ligands for NR4A receptors have not been identified, there is increasing evidence that structurally-diverse synthetic molecules can directly interact with the ligand binding domain of NR4A1 and act as agonists or antagonists, and ligands for NR4A2 and NR4A3 have also been identified. Since NR4A receptors are key factors in multiple diseases, there are opportunities for the future development of NR4A ligands for clinical applications in treating multiple health problems including metabolic, neurologic and cardiovascular diseases, other inflammatory conditions, and cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Arthritis/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Ligands
- Metabolic Diseases/genetics
- Metabolic Diseases/metabolism
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Benjamin Morpurgo
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, Texas A&M University, 670 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- Department of Toxicology and Neuroscience, Colorado State University, 1680Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
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Oh TG, Wang SCM, Acharya BR, Goode JM, Graham JD, Clarke CL, Yap AS, Muscat GEO. The Nuclear Receptor, RORγ, Regulates Pathways Necessary for Breast Cancer Metastasis. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:59-72. [PMID: 27211549 PMCID: PMC4856749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that RORγ expression was decreased in ER-ve breast cancer, and increased expression improves clinical outcomes. However, the underlying RORγ dependent mechanisms that repress breast carcinogenesis have not been elucidated. Here we report that RORγ negatively regulates the oncogenic TGF-β/EMT and mammary stem cell (MaSC) pathways, whereas RORγ positively regulates DNA-repair. We demonstrate that RORγ expression is: (i) decreased in basal-like subtype cancers, and (ii) inversely correlated with histological grade and drivers of carcinogenesis in breast cancer cohorts. Furthermore, integration of RNA-seq and ChIP-chip data reveals that RORγ regulates the expression of many genes involved in TGF-β/EMT-signaling, DNA-repair and MaSC pathways (including the non-coding RNA, LINC00511). In accordance, pharmacological studies demonstrate that an RORγ agonist suppresses breast cancer cell viability, migration, the EMT transition (microsphere outgrowth) and mammosphere-growth. In contrast, RNA-seq demonstrates an RORγ inverse agonist induces TGF-β/EMT-signaling. These findings suggest pharmacological modulation of RORγ activity may have utility in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gyu Oh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shu-Ching M Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joel M Goode
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J Dinny Graham
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - George E O Muscat
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Xie L, Jiang F, Zhang X, Alitongbieke G, Shi X, Meng M, Xu Y, Ren A, Wang J, Cai L, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Su Y, Liu J, Zeng Z, Wang G, Zhou H, Chen QC, Zhang XK. Honokiol sensitizes breast cancer cells to TNF-α induction of apoptosis by inhibiting Nur77 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:344-56. [PMID: 26505879 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is implicated in the survival and apoptosis of cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how Nur77 serves to mediate the effect of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in cancer cells and to identify and characterize new agents targeting Nur77 for cancer therapy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of TNF-α on the expression and function of Nur77 were studied using in vitro and in vivo models. Nur77 expression was evaluated in tumour tissues from breast cancer patients. The anticancer effects of honokiol and its mechanism of action were assessed by in vitro, cell-based and animal studies. KEY RESULTS TNF-α rapidly and potently induced the expression of Nur77 in breast cancer cells through activation of IκB kinase and JNK. Knocking down Nur77 resulted in TNF-α-dependent apoptosis, while ectopic Nur77 expression in MCF-7 cells promoted their growth in animals. Levels of Nur77 were higher in tumour tissues than the corresponding tissues surrounding the tumour in about 50% breast cancer patients studied. Our in vitro and animal studies also identified honokiol as an effective sensitizer of TNF-α-induced apoptosis by inhibiting TNF-α-induced Nur77 mRNA expression, which could be attributed to its interference of TNFR1's interaction with receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS TNF-α-induced Nur77 serves as a survival factor to attenuate the death effect of TNF-α in cancer cells. With its proven human safety profile, honokiol represents a promising agent that warrants further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fuquan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xindao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | | | - Xinlei Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - MinJun Meng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Anshi Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yunxia Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ying Su
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Quan Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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64
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) act as an integrated conduit for environmental and hormonal signals to govern genomic responses, which relate to cell fate decisions. We review how their integrated actions with each other, shared co-factors and other transcription factors are disrupted in cancer. Steroid hormone nuclear receptors are oncogenic drivers in breast and prostate cancer and blockade of signaling is a major therapeutic goal. By contrast to blockade of receptors, in other cancers enhanced receptor function is attractive, as illustrated initially with targeting of retinoic acid receptors in leukemia. In the post-genomic era large consortia, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, have developed a remarkable volume of genomic data with which to examine multiple aspects of nuclear receptor status in a pan-cancer manner. Therefore to extend the review of NR function we have also undertaken bioinformatics analyses of NR expression in over 3000 tumors, spread across six different tumor types (bladder, breast, colon, head and neck, liver and prostate). Specifically, to ask how the NR expression was distorted (altered expression, mutation and CNV) we have applied bootstrapping approaches to simulate data for comparison, and also compared these NR findings to 12 other transcription factor families. Nuclear receptors were uniquely and uniformly downregulated across all six tumor types, more than predicted by chance. These approaches also revealed that each tumor type had a specific NR expression profile but these were most similar between breast and prostate cancer. Some NRs were down-regulated in at least five tumor types (e.g. NR3C2/MR and NR5A2/LRH-1)) whereas others were uniquely down-regulated in one tumor (e.g. NR1B3/RARG). The downregulation was not driven by copy number variation or mutation and epigenetic mechanisms maybe responsible for the altered nuclear receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Hedrick E, Lee SO, Doddapaneni R, Singh M, Safe S. Nuclear receptor 4A1 as a drug target for breast cancer chemotherapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:831-40. [PMID: 26229035 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is overexpressed in mammary tumors and breast cancer cell lines. The functional activity of this receptor was investigated by RNA interference with oligonucleotides targeted to NR4A1 (siNR4A1) and by treatment with NR4A1 antagonists. Breast cancer cells were treated with NR4A1 antagonists or transfected with siNR4A. Effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as specific genes associated with these responses were investigated in MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-231 cells, and in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 cells as xenografts. Transfection of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 breast cancer cells with siNR4A1 decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in these cell lines. Transfection of breast cancer cells with siNR4A1 also decreased expression of Sp-regulated genes including survivin, bcl-2, and epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibited mTOR signaling in MCF-7 cells that express WT p53, and activated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress through downregulation of thioredoxin domain-containing 5 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. 1,1-Bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes (C-DIMs) are NR4A1 ligands that act as NR4A1 antagonists. Treatment with selected analogs also inhibited breast cancer cell and tumor growth and induced apoptosis. The effects of C-DIM/NR4A1 antagonists were comparable to those observed after NR4A1 knockdown. Results with siNR4A1 or C-DIMs/NR4A1 antagonists in breast cancer cells and tumors were similar to those previously reported in pancreatic, lung, and colon cancer cells. They demonstrate the potential clinical applications of NR4A1 antagonists in patients with tumors that overexpress this receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Female
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Phenols/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hedrick
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA Department of Food Science and Technology Keimyung University, Daegu 704701, Republic of Korea Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA Department of Food Science and Technology Keimyung University, Daegu 704701, Republic of Korea Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Ravi Doddapaneni
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA Department of Food Science and Technology Keimyung University, Daegu 704701, Republic of Korea Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA Department of Food Science and Technology Keimyung University, Daegu 704701, Republic of Korea Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA Department of Food Science and Technology Keimyung University, Daegu 704701, Republic of Korea Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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Hermann-Kleiter N, Klepsch V, Wallner S, Siegmund K, Klepsch S, Tuzlak S, Villunger A, Kaminski S, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Gruber T, Wolf D, Baier G. The Nuclear Orphan Receptor NR2F6 Is a Central Checkpoint for Cancer Immune Surveillance. Cell Rep 2015; 12:2072-85. [PMID: 26387951 PMCID: PMC4594157 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6 (NR2F6) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Here, we show that genetic ablation of Nr2f6 significantly improves survival in the murine transgenic TRAMP prostate cancer model. Furthermore, Nr2f6(-/-) mice spontaneously reject implanted tumors and develop host-protective immunological memory against tumor rechallenge. This is paralleled by increased frequencies of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and higher expression levels of interleukin 2 and interferon γ at the tumor site. Mechanistically, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-intrinsic NR2F6 acts as a direct repressor of the NFAT/AP-1 complex on both the interleukin 2 and the interferon γ cytokine promoters, attenuating their transcriptional thresholds. Adoptive transfer of Nr2f6-deficient T cells into tumor-bearing immunocompetent mice is sufficient to delay tumor outgrowth. Altogether, this defines NR2F6 as an intracellular immune checkpoint in effector T cells, governing the amplitude of anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Victoria Klepsch
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephanie Wallner
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Tyrolean Cancer Institute & Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kerstin Siegmund
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Klepsch
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Selma Tuzlak
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandra Kaminski
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Tyrolean Cancer Institute & Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Medical Clinic III, Oncology, Hematology & Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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67
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Hilton HN, Doan TB, Graham JD, Oakes SR, Silvestri A, Santucci N, Kantimm S, Huschtscha LI, Ormandy CJ, Funder JW, Simpson ER, Kuczek ES, Leedman PJ, Tilley WD, Fuller PJ, Muscat GEO, Clarke CL. Acquired convergence of hormone signaling in breast cancer: ER and PR transition from functionally distinct in normal breast to predictors of metastatic disease. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8651-64. [PMID: 25261374 PMCID: PMC4226711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative exposure to estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) over the menstrual cycle significantly influences the risk of developing breast cancer. Despite the dogma that PR in the breast merely serves as a marker of an active estrogen receptor (ER), and as an inhibitor of the proliferative actions of E, it is now clear that in the breast P increases proliferation independently of E action. We show here that the progesterone receptor (PR) and ER are expressed in different epithelial populations, and target non-overlapping pathways in the normal human breast. In breast cancer, PR becomes highly correlated with ER, and this convergence is associated with signaling pathways predictive of disease metastasis. These data challenge the established paradigm that ER and PR function co-operatively in normal breast, and have significant implications not only for our understanding of normal breast biology, but also for diagnosis, prognosis and/or treatment options in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi N Hilton
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tram B Doan
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Dinny Graham
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- Cancer Research Program and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. St Vincent's Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Audrey Silvestri
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Santucci
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Silke Kantimm
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lily I Huschtscha
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- Cancer Research Program and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. St Vincent's Clinical School, St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Peter J Leedman
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Centre for Medical Research, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Discipline of Medicine, Hanson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - George E O Muscat
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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68
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Willis S, De P, Dey N, Long B, Young B, Sparano JA, Wang V, Davidson NE, Leyland-Jones BR. Enriched transcription factor signatures in triple negative breast cancer indicates possible targeted therapies with existing drugs. Meta Gene 2015; 4:129-41. [PMID: 26005638 PMCID: PMC4436509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple negative (TN) breast cancers which lack expression of the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptors convey a poor prognosis due in part to a lack of targeted therapies. METHODS To identify viable targets for the treatment of TN disease, we have conducted a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on seven different breast cancer whole genome gene expression cohorts comparing TN vs. ER + HER2 - to identify consistently enriched genes that share a common promoter motif. The seven cohorts were profiled on three different genome expression platforms (Affymetrix, Illumina and RNAseq) consisting in total of 2088 samples with IHC metadata. RESULTS GSEA identified enriched gene expression patterns in TN samples that share common promoter motifs associated with SOX9, E2F1, HIF1A, HMGA1, MYC BACH2, CEBPB, and GCNF/NR6A1. Unexpectedly, NR6A1 an orphan nuclear receptor normally expressed in germ cells of gonads is highly expressed in TN and ER + HER2 - samples making it an ideal drug target. CONCLUSION With the increasing number of large sample size breast cancer cohorts, an exploratory analysis of genes that are consistently enriched in TN sharing common promoter motifs allows for the identification of possible therapeutic targets with extensive validation in patient derived data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradip De
- Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Nandini Dey
- Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Bradley Long
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Brandon Young
- Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | | | - Victoria Wang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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69
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Targeting thyroid hormone receptor beta in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:535-45. [PMID: 25820519 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to discover novel nuclear receptor targets in triple-negative breast cancer. Expression microarray, Western blot, qRT-PCR analyses, MTT growth assay, soft agar anchorage-independent growth assay, TRE reporter transactivation assay, and statistical analysis were performed in this study. We performed microarray analysis using 227 triple-negative breast tumors, and clustered the tumors into five groups according to their nuclear receptor expression. Thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) was one of the most differentially expressed nuclear receptors in group 5 compared to other groups. TRβ low expressing patients were associated with poor outcome. We evaluated the role of TRβ in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines representing group 5 tumors. Knockdown of TRβ increased soft agar colony and reduced sensitivity to docetaxel and doxorubicin treatment. Docetaxel or doxorubicin long-term cultured cell lines also expressed decreased TRβ protein. Microarray analysis revealed cAMP/PKA signaling was the only KEGG pathways upregulated in TRβ knockdown cells. Inhibitors of cAMP or PKA, in combination with doxorubicin further enhanced cell apoptosis and restored sensitivity to chemotherapy. TRβ-specific agonists enhanced TRβ expression, and further sensitized cells to both docetaxel and doxorubicin. Sensitization was mediated by increased apoptosis with elevated cleaved PARP and caspase 3. TRβ represents a novel nuclear receptor target in triple-negative breast cancer; low TRβ levels were associated with enhanced resistance to both docetaxel and doxorubicin treatment. TRβ-specific agonists enhance chemosensitivity to these two agents. Mechanistically enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling was associated with TRβ's effects on response to chemotherapy.
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Aesoy R, Clyne CD, Chand AL. Insights into Orphan Nuclear Receptors as Prognostic Markers and Novel Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:115. [PMID: 26300846 PMCID: PMC4528200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence asserting the importance of orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs) in cancer initiation and progression. In breast cancer, there is a lot unknown about ONRs in terms of their expression profile and their transcriptional targets in the various stages of tumor progression. With the classification of breast tumors into distinct molecular subtypes, we assess ONR expression in the different breast cancer subtypes and with patient outcomes. Complementing this, we review evidence implicating ONR-dependent molecular pathways in breast cancer progression to identify candidate ONRs as potential prognostic markers and/or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reidun Aesoy
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colin D. Clyne
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashwini L. Chand
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ashwini L. Chand,
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71
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Bruce MC, McAllister D, Murphy LC. The kinome associated with estrogen receptor-positive status in human breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R357-70. [PMID: 25056177 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) regulates and is regulated by kinases involved in several functions associated with the hallmarks of cancer. The following literature review strongly suggests that distinct kinomes exist for ERα-positive and -negative human breast cancers. Importantly, consistent with the known heterogeneity of ERα-positive cancers, different subgroups exist, which can be defined by different kinome signatures, which in turn are correlated with clinical outcome. Strong evidence supports the interplay of kinase networks, suggesting that targeting a single node may not be sufficient to inhibit the network. Therefore, identifying the important hubs/nodes associated with each clinically relevant kinome in ER+ tumors could offer the ability to implement the best therapy options at diagnosis, either endocrine therapy alone or together with other targeted therapies, for improved overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christine Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical GeneticsManitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9
| | - Danielle McAllister
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical GeneticsManitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9
| | - Leigh C Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical GeneticsManitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9
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72
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Hermann-Kleiter N, Baier G. Orphan nuclear receptor NR2F6 acts as an essential gatekeeper of Th17 CD4+ T cell effector functions. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 24919548 PMCID: PMC4066320 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the evolutionarily conserved family of the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor NR2F/COUP-TF orphan receptors have been implicated in lymphocyte biology, ranging from activation to differentiation and elicitation of immune effector functions. In particular, a CD4+ T cell intrinsic and non-redundant function of NR2F6 as a potent and selective repressor of the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (Il) 2, interferon y (ifng) and consequently of T helper (Th)17 CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders has been discovered. NR2F6 serves as an antigen receptor signaling threshold-regulated barrier against autoimmunity where NR2F6 is part of a negative feedback loop that limits inflammatory tissue damage induced by weakly immunogenic antigens such as self-antigens. Under such low affinity antigen receptor stimulation, NR2F6 appears as a prototypical repressor that functions to “lock out” harmful Th17 lineage effector transcription. Mechanistically, only sustained high affinity antigen receptor-induced protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation has been shown to inactivate NR2F6, thereby displacing pre-bound NR2F6 from the DNA and, subsequently, allowing for robust NFAT/AP-1- and RORγt-mediated cytokine transcription. The NR2F6 target gene repertoire thus identifies a general anti-inflammatory gatekeeper role for this orphan receptor. Investigating these signaling pathway(s) will enable a greater knowledge of the genetic, immune, and environmental mechanisms that lead to chronic inflammation and of certain autoimmune disorders in a given individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter Mayr Str, 1a, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Knower KC, Chand AL, Eriksson N, Takagi K, Miki Y, Sasano H, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ, Funder JW, Fuller PJ, Simpson ER, Tilley WD, Leedman PJ, Graham JD, Muscat GEO, Clarke CL, Clyne CD. Distinct nuclear receptor expression in stroma adjacent to breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 142:211-23. [PMID: 24122391 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between breast tumor epithelial and stromal cells is vital for initial and recurrent tumor growth. While breast cancer-associated stromal cells provide a favorable environment for proliferation and metastasis, the molecular mechanisms contributing to this process are not fully understood. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are intracellular transcription factors that directly regulate gene expression. Little is known about the status of NRs in cancer-associated stroma. Nuclear Receptor Low-Density Taqman Arrays were used to compare the gene expression profiles of all 48 NR family members in a collection of primary cultured cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) obtained from estrogen receptor (ER)α positive breast cancers (n = 9) and normal breast adipose fibroblasts (NAFs) (n = 7). Thirty-three of 48 NRs were expressed in both the groups, while 11 NRs were not detected in either. Three NRs (dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1 (DAX-1); estrogen-related receptor beta (ERR-β); and RAR-related orphan receptor beta (ROR-β)) were only detected in NAFs, while one NR (liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1)) was unique to CAFs. Of the NRs co-expressed, four were significantly down-regulated in CAFs compared with NAFs (RAR-related orphan receptor-α (ROR-α); Thyroid hormone receptor-β (TR-β); vitamin D receptor (VDR); and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)). Quantitative immunohistochemistry for LRH-1, TR-β, and PPAR-γ proteins in stromal fibroblasts from an independent panel of breast cancers (ER-positive (n = 15), ER-negative (n = 15), normal (n = 14)) positively correlated with mRNA expression profiles. The differentially expressed NRs identified in tumor stroma are key mediators in aromatase regulation and subsequent estrogen production. Our findings reveal a distinct pattern of NR expression that therefore fits with a sustained and increased local estrogen microenvironment in ER-positive tumors. NRs in CAFs may provide a new avenue for the development of intratumoral-targeted therapies in breast cancer.
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Oh TG, Bailey P, Dray E, Smith AG, Goode J, Eriksson N, Funder JW, Fuller PJ, Simpson ER, Tilley WD, Leedman PJ, Clarke CL, Grimmond S, Dowhan DH, Muscat GEO. PRMT2 and RORγ expression are associated with breast cancer survival outcomes. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1166-85. [PMID: 24911119 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) methylate arginine residues on histones and target transcription factors that play critical roles in many cellular processes, including gene transcription, mRNA splicing, proliferation, and differentiation. Recent studies have linked PRMT-dependent epigenetic marks and modifications to carcinogenesis and metastasis in cancer. However, the role of PRMT2-dependent signaling in breast cancer remains obscure. We demonstrate PRMT2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in breast cancer relative to normal breast. Gene expression profiling, Ingenuity and protein-protein interaction network analysis after PRMT2-short interfering RNA transfection into MCF-7 cells, revealed that PRMT2-dependent gene expression is involved in cell-cycle regulation and checkpoint control, chromosomal instability, DNA repair, and carcinogenesis. For example, PRMT2 depletion achieved the following: 1) increased p21 and decreased cyclinD1 expression in (several) breast cancer cell lines, 2) decreased cell migration, 3) induced an increase in nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination DNA repair, and 4) increased the probability of distance metastasis free survival (DMFS). The expression of PRMT2 and retinoid-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγ) is inversely correlated in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and increased RORγ expression increases DMFS. Furthermore, we found decreased expression of the PRMT2-dependent signature is significantly associated with increased probability of DMFS. Finally, weighted gene coexpression network analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between PRMT2-dependent genes and cell-cycle checkpoint, kinetochore, and DNA repair circuits. Strikingly, these PRMT2-dependent circuits are correlated with pan-cancer metagene signatures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chromosomal instability. This study demonstrates the role and significant correlation between a histone methyltransferase (PRMT2)-dependent signature, RORγ, the cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair circuits, and breast cancer survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Gyu Oh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (T.G.O., P.B., J.G., N.E., S.G., D.H.D., G.E.O.M.) and School of Biomedical Science (A.G.S.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (E.D.), Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research (J.W.F., P.J.F., E.R.S.), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratory (W.D.T.), School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia; Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (P.J.L.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute (C.L.C.), Sydney Medical School, Westmead, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory (G.E.O.M.), University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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75
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Abstract
Humans as diurnal beings are active during the day and rest at night. This daily oscillation of behavior and physiology is driven by an endogenous circadian clock not environmental cues. In modern societies, changes in lifestyle have led to a frequent disruption of the endogenous circadian homeostasis leading to increased risk of various diseases including cancer. The clock is operated by the feedback loops of circadian genes and controls daily physiology by coupling cell proliferation and metabolism, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in peripheral tissues with physical activity, energy homeostasis, immune and neuroendocrine functions at the organismal level. Recent studies have revealed that defects in circadian genes due to targeted gene ablation in animal models or single nucleotide polymorphism, deletion, deregulation and/or epigenetic silencing in humans are closely associated with increased risk of cancer. In addition, disruption of circadian rhythm can disrupt the molecular clock in peripheral tissues in the absence of circadian gene mutations. Circadian disruption has recently been recognized as an independent cancer risk factor. Further study of the mechanism of clock-controlled tumor suppression will have a significant impact on human health by improving the efficiencies of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kettner
- Department of Pediatrics/U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/ Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA
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76
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Mond M, Alexiadis M, Eriksson N, Davis MJ, Muscat GEO, Fuller PJ, Gilfillan C. Nuclear receptor expression in human differentiated thyroid tumors. Thyroid 2014; 24:1000-11. [PMID: 24559275 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in endocrine signaling and metabolism and are important therapeutic targets in a number of hormone-dependent malignancies. Studies on the role of NRs in thyroid cancer are limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine systematically the expression of the 48 human NRs in a series of benign and malignant thyroid tissues. Within the papillary carcinoma cohort, we sought to determine if NR expression differed significantly by BRAF mutation status. PATIENTS AND METHODS RNA was isolated from multinodular goiter (MNG; n=6), papillary carcinoma (PTC, n=14), follicular carcinoma (FC; n=5), and Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC; n=7). The 48 human NRs were profiled in this panel by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression for selected NRs (Rev-erbα and LXR-β) was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays comprising benign and malignant thyroid tissues. RESULTS Across all groups of benign and malignant thyroid tissue, there was prominent expression of LXR-β and ROR-γ. Key findings in PTC were marked overexpression of RXR-γ and Rev-erbα compared to MNG. Within the PTC cohort, when BRAF(V600E) tumors were compared with wild type BRAF, there was relative upregulation of RXR-γ and Rev-erbα and downregulation of AR, ERR-γ, and ROR-γ. In FC, EAR-2 was overexpressed, while PPAR-α and PPAR-δ were underexpressed compared to MNG. The NR expression profile of HCC was distinct, characterized by significant downregulation of a wide range of NRs. IHC for Rev-erbα and LXR-β localized protein expression to the tumor cells. Moderate to strong Rev-erbα immunostaining was seen in 22 out of 23 PTC, and, overall, staining was stronger than in the benign group. CONCLUSIONS These results represent the first systematic examination of NR expression in thyroid cancer. Our finding of tumor-specific patterns of NR expression, as well as significant differences in NR expression between BRAF(V600E) and wild type BRAF PTC, provides a basis for further mechanistic studies and highlights potential novel therapeutic targets for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mond
- 1 Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, Australia
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77
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IL-13Rα2 mediates PNR-induced migration and metastasis in ERα-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:1596-607. [PMID: 24747967 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has linked photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR/NR2E3), an orphan nuclear hormone receptor, to human breast cancer. PNR was shown to be a transcriptional activator of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines and high-level expression of PNR correlates with favorable response of ERα-positive breast cancer patients to tamoxifen. Interestingly, gene expression microarray study shows that PNR regulates distinct genes from those regulated by ERα, suggesting that PNR could have ERα-independent functions. Herein, we investigated the function of PNR in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. Our results showed that PNR-induced cell migration and metastasis of ERα-negative breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect was attributed to the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-13Rα2, a high-affinity receptor for IL-13 that regulates tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of various human cancers. Mechanistically, PNR activated transcription of IL-13Rα2 through direct recruitment to IL-13Rα2 promoter. Upon stimulation with IL-13, IL-13Rα2 increased the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation, which led to breast cancer migration and metastasis. The IL-13 triggered signal cascade was specific to IL-13Rα2, as the closely related IL-13Rα1 was not regulated by PNR. IL-13Rα2 is a novel tumor antigen that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumor types. This study presents the first evidence that PNR could promote ERα-negative breast cancer metastasis through activation of IL-13Rα2-mediated signaling pathway.
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78
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Doan TB, Eriksson NA, Graham D, Funder JW, Simpson ER, Kuczek ES, Clyne C, Leedman PJ, Tilley WD, Fuller PJ, Muscat GEO, Clarke CL. Breast cancer prognosis predicted by nuclear receptor-coregulator networks. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:998-1013. [PMID: 24785096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular signatures based on transcript expression in breast cancer samples have provided new insights into breast cancer classification and prognosis, there are acknowledged limitations in current signatures. To provide rational, pathway-based signatures of disrupted physiology in cancer tissues that may be relevant to prognosis, this study has directly quantitated changed gene expression, between normal breast and cancer tissue, as a basis for signature development. The nuclear receptor (NR) family of transcription factors, and their coregulators, are fundamental regulators of every aspect of metazoan life, and were rigorously quantified in normal breast tissues and ERα positive and ERα negative breast cancers. Coregulator expression was highly correlated with that of selected NR in normal breast, particularly from postmenopausal women. These associations were markedly decreased in breast cancer, and the expression of the majority of coregulators was down-regulated in cancer tissues compared with normal. While in cancer the loss of NR-coregulator associations observed in normal breast was common, a small number of NR (Rev-ERBβ, GR, NOR1, LRH-1 and PGR) acquired new associations with coregulators in cancer tissues. Elevated expression of these NR in cancers was associated with poorer outcome in large clinical cohorts, as well as suggesting the activation of ERα -related, but ERα-independent, pathways in ERα negative cancers. In addition, the combined expression of small numbers of NR and coregulators in breast cancer was identified as a signature predicting outcome in ERα negative breast cancer patients, not linked to proliferation and with predictive power superior to existing signatures containing many more genes. These findings highlight the power of predictive signatures derived from the quantitative determination of altered gene expression between normal breast and breast cancers. Taken together, the findings of this study identify networks of NR-coregulator associations active in normal breast but disrupted in breast cancer, and moreover provide evidence that signatures based on NR networks disrupted in cancer can provide important prognostic information in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram B Doan
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie A Eriksson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dinny Graham
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John W Funder
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Evan R Simpson
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Colin Clyne
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Leedman
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Centre for Medical Research, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Discipline of Medicine, Hanson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Fuller
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - George E O Muscat
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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79
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Al-Rayyan N, Litchfield LM, Ivanova MM, Radde BN, Cheng A, Elbedewy A, Klinge CM. 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A increase COUP-TFII expression in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:139-50. [PMID: 24513177 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COUP-TFII is reduced in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells and is negatively associated with tumor grade. Transient re-expression of COUP-TFII restores antiestrogen sensitivity in resistant LCC2 and LCC9 cells and repression of COUP-TFII results in antiestrogen-resistance in MCF-7 endocrine-sensitive cells. We addressed the hypothesis that reduced COUP-TFII expression in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells results from epigenetic modification. The NR2F2 gene encoding COUP-TFII includes seven CpG islands, including one in the 5' promoter and one in exon 1. Treatment of LCC2 and LCC9 endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, +/- trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, increased COUP-TFII suggesting that the decrease in COUP-TFII is mediated by epigenetic changes. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) revealed higher methylation of NR2F2 in the first exon in LCC2 and LCC9 cells compared to MCF-7 cells and AZA reduced this methylation. Translational importance is suggested by Cancer Methylome System (CMS) analysis revealing that breast tumors have increased COUP-TFII (NR2F2) promoter and gene methylation versus normal breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Al-Rayyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Brandie N Radde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Alan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ahmed Elbedewy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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80
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Litchfield LM, Appana SN, Datta S, Klinge CM. COUP-TFII inhibits NFkappaB activation in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:358-367. [PMID: 24141032 PMCID: PMC5089806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced COUP-TFII expression contributes to endocrine resistance in breast cancer cells. Endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells have higher NFkappa B (NFκB) activity and target gene expression. The goal of this study was to determine if COUP-TFII modulates NFκB activity. Endocrine-resistant LCC9 cells with low endogenous COUP-TFII displayed ∼5-fold higher basal NFκB activity than parental endocrine-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Transient transfection of LCC9 cells with COUP-TFII inhibited NFκB activation and reduced NFκB target gene expression. COUP-TFII and NFκB were inversely correlated in breast cancer patient samples. Endogenous COUP-TFII coimmunoprecipitated with NFκB subunits RelB and NFκB1 in MCF-7 cells. COUP-TFII inhibited NFκB-DNA binding in vitro and impaired coactivator induced NFκB transactivation. LCC9 cells were growth-inhibited by an NFκB inhibitor and 4-hydroxytamoxifen compared to MCF-7 cells. Together these data indicate a novel role for COUP-TFII in suppression of NFκB activity and explain, in part, why decreased COUP-TFII expression results in an endocrine-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Savitri N Appana
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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81
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Retinoids and breast cancer: from basic studies to the clinic and back again. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:739-49. [PMID: 24480385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the most important active metabolite of vitamin A controlling segmentation in the developing organism and the homeostasis of various tissues in the adult. ATRA as well as natural and synthetic derivatives, collectively known as retinoids, are also promising agents in the treatment and chemoprevention of different types of neoplasia including breast cancer. The major aim of the present article is to review the basic knowledge acquired on the anti-tumor activity of classic retinoids, like ATRA, in mammary tumors, focusing on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and the determinants of retinoid sensitivity/resistance. In the first part, an analysis of the large number of pre-clinical studies available is provided, stressing the point that this has resulted in a limited number of clinical trials. This is followed by an overview of the knowledge acquired on the role played by the retinoid nuclear receptors in the anti-tumor responses triggered by retinoids. The body of the article emphasizes the potential of ATRA and derivatives in modulating and in being influenced by some of the most relevant cellular pathways involved in the growth and progression of breast cancer. We review the studies centering on the cross-talk between retinoids and some of the growth-factor pathways which control the homeostasis of the mammary tumor cell. In addition, we consider the cross-talk with relevant intra-cellular second messenger pathways. The information provided lays the foundation for the development of rational and retinoid-based therapeutic strategies to be used for the management of breast cancer.
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Niu G, Lu L, Gan J, Zhang D, Liu J, Huang G. Dual roles of orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77/NGFI-B in mediating cell survival and apoptosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:219-58. [PMID: 25376494 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a transcriptional factor, Nur77 has sparked interests across different research fields in recent years. A number of studies have demonstrated the functional complexity of Nur77 in mediating survival/apoptosis in a variety of cells, including tumor cells. Conflicting observations also exist in clinical reports, in that TR3 behaves like an oncogene in tumors of the GI tract, lung, and breast, that is negatively associated with tumor stage and patient prognosis; while functions as a tumor suppressor gene in malignancies of the hematological and lymphatic system, skin, and ovary whose malfunction results in carcinogenesis. This chapter summarizes the apparent opposing effects of Nur77 on cells and explicates the mechanisms that determine the functional preference of Nur77. We conclude that in addition to cell type and agent context, other factors such as cellular localization, signaling pathway, and posttranslational modification also determine the final effects of Nur77 on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengming Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Gan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Main Library, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Safe S, Jin UH, Hedrick E, Reeder A, Lee SO. Minireview: role of orphan nuclear receptors in cancer and potential as drug targets. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 28:157-72. [PMID: 24295738 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear orphan receptors for which endogenous ligands have not been identified include nuclear receptor (NR)0B1 (adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on chromosome X gene), NR0B2 (small heterodimer partner), NR1D1/2 (Rev-Erbα/β), NR2C1 (testicular receptor 2), NR2C2 (testicular receptor 4), NR2E1 (tailless), NR2E3 (photoreceptor-specific NR [PNR]), NR2F1 chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 1 (COUP-TFI), NR2F2 (COUP-TFII), NR2F6 (v-erbA-related protein), NR4A1 (Nur77), NR4A2 (Nurr1), NR4A3 (Nor1), and NR6A1 (GCNF). These receptors play essential roles in development, cellular homeostasis, and disease including cancer where over- or underexpression of some receptors has prognostic significance for patient survival. Results of receptor knockdown or overexpression in vivo and in cancer cell lines demonstrate that orphan receptors exhibit tumor-specific pro-oncogenic or tumor suppressor-like activity. For example, COUP-TFII expression is both a positive (ovarian) and negative (prostate and breast) prognostic factor for cancer patients; in contrast, the prognostic activity of adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on chromosome X gene for the same tumors is the inverse of COUP-TFII. Functional studies show that Nur77 is tumor suppressor like in acute leukemia, whereas silencing Nur77 in pancreatic, colon, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, cervical, ovarian, gastric, and some breast cancer cell lines induces one or more of several responses including growth inhibition and decreased survival, migration, and invasion. Although endogenous ligands for the orphan receptors have not been identified, there is increasing evidence that different structural classes of compounds activate, inactivate, and directly bind several orphan receptors. Thus, the screening and development of selective orphan receptor modulators will have important clinical applications as novel mechanism-based agents for treating cancer patients overexpressing one or more orphan receptors and also for combined drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S., E.H., A.R.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77808; and Institute of Biosciences and Technology (S.S., U.-H.J., S.-O.L.), Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Luchino J, Hocine M, Amoureux MC, Gibert B, Bernet A, Royet A, Treilleux I, Lécine P, Borg JP, Mehlen P, Chauvet S, Mann F. Semaphorin 3E suppresses tumor cell death triggered by the plexin D1 dependence receptor in metastatic breast cancers. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:673-85. [PMID: 24139859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The semaphorin guidance molecules and their receptors, the plexins, are often inappropriately expressed in cancers. However, the signaling processes mediated by plexins in tumor cells are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) regulates tumor cell survival by suppressing an apoptotic pathway triggered by the Plexin D1 dependence receptor. In mouse models of breast cancer, a ligand trap that sequesters Sema3E inhibited tumor growth and reduced metastasis through a selective tumor cytocidal effect. We further showed that Plexin D1 triggers apoptosis via interaction with the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1. These results define a critical role of Sema3E/Plexin D1 interaction in tumor resistance to apoptosis and suggest a therapeutic approach based on activation of a dependence receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Luchino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288 Marseille, France
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Funder JW. Angiotensin retains sodium by dephosphorylating mineralocorticoid receptors in renal intercalated cells. Cell Metab 2013; 18:609-10. [PMID: 24206658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Shibata et al. (2013) show that in renal intercalated cells mineralocorticoid receptors phosphorylated on serine 843 are rendered active by angiotensin-induced dephosphorylation. This finding represents a novel mechanism for regulating nuclear receptor activity, and explains the balance between Na-Cl reabsorption in response to volume depletion and K(+) excretion in response to potassium loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Funder
- Prince Henry's Institute, P.O. Box 5152, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Abstract
Despite over 15 years of research, the exact role, if any, played by estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in human breast cancer remains elusive. A large body of data both in vitro and in vivo supports its role as an antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic factor especially when co-expressed with ERα. However, there is a smaller body of data associating ERβ with growth and survival in breast cancer. In clinical studies and most often in cell culture studies, the pro-growth and pro-survival activity of ERβ occurs in ERα-negative breast cancer tissue and cells. This bi-faceted role of ERβ is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Leygue
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9.
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