51
|
Bhattacharyya S, Majhi S, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Chlorogenic acid–phospholipid complex improve protection against UVA induced oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:293-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
52
|
Jain PK, Kharya M, Gajbhiye A. Pharmacological evaluation of mangiferin herbosomes for antioxidant and hepatoprotection potential against ethanol induced hepatic damage. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 39:1840-50. [PMID: 23167243 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.738685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fatty liver is the first stage of alcoholic damage which is reversible with abstinence from alcohol. Mangiferin (MF) showed potent scavenging activity on diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals which stimulate liver regeneration in various liver injuries. OBJECTIVE Although, MF shows hepatoprotection against various liver disorders but due to rapid clearance and limited solubility in lipoid environment, there is problem of its poor absorption from intestine hence poor bioavailability. Owing to which there is a need to develop MF herbosomes to resolve the problem of poor bioavailability to enhance the therapeutic potential. METHODS Successfully prepared MF herbosomes through complexation with phospholipids were characterized by physicochemical, chromatography, spectroscopy (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), ex vivo absorption using everted small intestine sac technique and in vivo studies using ethanol inducing hepatotoxicity in albino rats and comparing the results against plain MF. RESULTS Ex vivo study showed significant increased absorption of MF from prepared MF herbosomes as compared to plain MF. The hepatoprotective potential of MF herbosomes evaluated by in vivo study revealed significantly decreased levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT), total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in MF herbosomes as compared to plain MF. MF herbosomes also showed significantly decreased level of malonyl dehydrogenase along with increased levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as compared to plain MF which was also comparable to the standard drug, silymarin (SL). CONCLUSION The above mentioned results showed that hepatoprotective and antioxidant potency of MF enhanced due to the preparation of its herbosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University , Sagar, Madhya Pradesh , India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Singh C, Bhatt TD, Gill MS, Suresh S. Novel rifampicin-phospholipid complex for tubercular therapy: synthesis, physicochemical characterization and in-vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2013; 460:220-7. [PMID: 24188983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the oral bioavailability of rifampicin (RMP), the newly emerging phospholipid complexation technique was employed. Rifampicin-phospholipid complex (RMP-PC) was prepared by solvent-evaporation method. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and hot stage microscopy (HSM) analysis were employed to confirm the formation of phospholipid complex. The results reveal hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic interaction between RMP and phospholipid molecule play an important role in the formation of RMP-PC without the formation of a new compound. In comparison with the physical mixture and RMP, solubility studies indicated an enhancement in the aqueous solubility of RMP-PC. Stability studies of RMP-PC in presence of isoniazid showed a remarkable improvement of the stability of the phospholipid complex in comparison to free RMP. Oral bioavailability of RMP-PC was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and plasma rifampicin estimated by LCMS. RMP-PC exhibited higher peak plasma concentration (54.3 vs. 48.5 μg/mL), increased AUC0-∞ (472.4 vs. 147.71 5.812 ± 0.49 μg h/mL), increased T1/2 (8.3 vs. 1.5h) when compared to free RMP implying improved bioavailability of the drug. This enhancement can be attributed to the improvement of the aqueous solubility of rifampicin-phospholipid complex. Hence, phospholipid complexation holds a promising potential for increasing oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulation), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Tara Datt Bhatt
- Technology Development Centre, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Manjinder Singh Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sarasija Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulation), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Bhattacharyya S, Ahammed SM, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. The gallic acid-phospholipid complex improved the antioxidant potential of gallic acid by enhancing its bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:1025-33. [PMID: 23800857 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-9991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is well known for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity, though its effectiveness is restricted due to rapid metabolism and elimination. To overcome these problems, gallic acid-phospholipid complex was prepared and the effect of phospholipid complexation was investigated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damage in rat liver. The complex significantly reduced the hepatic marker enzymes in rat serum and restored the antioxidant enzyme levels with respect to CCl4-induced group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Also, the complex improved the pharmacokinetics of GA by increasing the relative bioavailability and elimination half-life. The study therefore suggests that phospholipid complexation has enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of GA which may be due to its improved absorption and increased bioavailability in rat serum.
Collapse
|
55
|
Freag MS, Elnaggar YSR, Abdallah OY. Lyophilized phytosomal nanocarriers as platforms for enhanced diosmin delivery: optimization and ex vivo permeation. Int J Nanomedicine 2013. [PMID: 23861584 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s45231.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmin (DSN) is an outstanding phlebotonic flavonoid with a tolerable potential for the treatment of colon and hepatocellular carcinoma. Being highly insoluble, DSN bioavailability suffers from high inter-subject variation due to variable degrees of permeation. This work endeavored to develop novel DSN loaded phytosomes in order to improve drug dissolution and intestinal permeability. Three preparation methods (solvent evaporation, salting out, and lyophilization) were compared. Nanocarrier optimization encompassed different soybean phospholipid (SPC) types, different solvents, and different DSN:SPC molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). In vitro appraisal encompassed differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy, drug content, and in vitro stability. Comparative dissolution studies were performed under sink versus non-sink conditions. Ex vivo intestinal permeation studies were performed on rats utilizing noneverted sac technique and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The results revealed lyophilization as the optimum preparation technique using SPC and solvent mixture (Dimethyl sulphoxide:t-butylalchol) in a 1:2 ratio. Complex formation was contended by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared data. Optimal lyophilized phytosomal nanocarriers (LPNs) exhibited the lowest particle size (316 nm), adequate zeta-potential (-27 mV), and good in vitro stability. Well formed, discrete vesicles were revealed by transmission electron microscopy, drug content, and in vitro stability. Comparative dissolution studies were performed. LPNs demonstrated significant enhancement in DSN dissolution compared to crude drug, physical mixture, and generic and brand DSN products. Permeation studies revealed 80% DSN permeated from LPNs via oxygenated rat intestine compared to non-detectable amounts from suspension. In this study, LPNs (99% drug loading) could be successfully tailored for DSN with improved dissolution and permeation characteristics, which is promising for lowering the influence of exogenous factors and increasing drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May S Freag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Lv Y, Zhang B, Xing G, Wang F, Hu Z. Protective effect of naringenin against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in metallothionein (MT)-null mice. Food Funct 2013; 4:297-302. [PMID: 23142768 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin is a natural flavonoid aglycone of naringin that has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity. This study was designed to examine the hepatoprotective effect of naringenin against acetaminophen (250 mg kg(-1), sc) in metallothionein (MT)-null mice. 42 SPF MT-knockout mice were used. Naringenin (200, 400, and 800 mg kg(-1), ig) was administered for 4 days before exposure to acetaminophen (250 mg kg(-1), sc). Liver injury was measured by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as liver malondialdehyde (MDA). The glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) was also assessed. The evidence of liver injury induced by acetaminophen included not only a significant increase in the levels of serum ALT, AST, LDH and liver MDA, and also a significant decrease in GSH/GSSG. Pretreatment of mice with naringenin at 400 and 800 mg kg(-1) reversed the altered parameters. Such reversal effects were dose-dependent: ALT decreased 78.62% and 98.03%, AST decreased 88.35% and 92.64%, LDH decreased 76.54% and 81.63%, MDA decreased 48.59% and 66.27% at a dose of 400 and 800 mg kg(-1) respectively; GSH/GSSG increased 22.57% and 16.93% at a dose of 400 and 800 mg kg(-1) respectively. Histopathological observation findings were also consistent with these effects. Together, this study suggests that naringenin can potentially reverse the hepatotoxic damage of acetaminophen intoxication in MT-null mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Hai Zhu District, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Freag MS, Elnaggar YSR, Abdallah OY. Lyophilized phytosomal nanocarriers as platforms for enhanced diosmin delivery: optimization and ex vivo permeation. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2385-97. [PMID: 23861584 PMCID: PMC3704438 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s45231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmin (DSN) is an outstanding phlebotonic flavonoid with a tolerable potential for the treatment of colon and hepatocellular carcinoma. Being highly insoluble, DSN bioavailability suffers from high inter-subject variation due to variable degrees of permeation. This work endeavored to develop novel DSN loaded phytosomes in order to improve drug dissolution and intestinal permeability. Three preparation methods (solvent evaporation, salting out, and lyophilization) were compared. Nanocarrier optimization encompassed different soybean phospholipid (SPC) types, different solvents, and different DSN:SPC molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). In vitro appraisal encompassed differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy, drug content, and in vitro stability. Comparative dissolution studies were performed under sink versus non-sink conditions. Ex vivo intestinal permeation studies were performed on rats utilizing noneverted sac technique and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The results revealed lyophilization as the optimum preparation technique using SPC and solvent mixture (Dimethyl sulphoxide:t-butylalchol) in a 1:2 ratio. Complex formation was contended by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared data. Optimal lyophilized phytosomal nanocarriers (LPNs) exhibited the lowest particle size (316 nm), adequate zeta-potential (-27 mV), and good in vitro stability. Well formed, discrete vesicles were revealed by transmission electron microscopy, drug content, and in vitro stability. Comparative dissolution studies were performed. LPNs demonstrated significant enhancement in DSN dissolution compared to crude drug, physical mixture, and generic and brand DSN products. Permeation studies revealed 80% DSN permeated from LPNs via oxygenated rat intestine compared to non-detectable amounts from suspension. In this study, LPNs (99% drug loading) could be successfully tailored for DSN with improved dissolution and permeation characteristics, which is promising for lowering the influence of exogenous factors and increasing drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May S Freag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Bhattacharyya S, Ahammed SM, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. The gallic acid-phospholipid complex improved the antioxidant potential of gallic acid by enhancing its bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013. [PMID: 23800857 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-9991-8.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is well known for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity, though its effectiveness is restricted due to rapid metabolism and elimination. To overcome these problems, gallic acid-phospholipid complex was prepared and the effect of phospholipid complexation was investigated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damage in rat liver. The complex significantly reduced the hepatic marker enzymes in rat serum and restored the antioxidant enzyme levels with respect to CCl4-induced group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Also, the complex improved the pharmacokinetics of GA by increasing the relative bioavailability and elimination half-life. The study therefore suggests that phospholipid complexation has enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of GA which may be due to its improved absorption and increased bioavailability in rat serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sauvik Bhattacharyya
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Jain PK, Khurana N, Pounikar Y, Gajbhiye A, Kharya MD. Enhancement of absorption and hepatoprotective potential through soya-phosphatidylcholine-andrographolide vesicular system. J Liposome Res 2013; 23:110-8. [PMID: 23506220 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.753456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal herb used extensively for various ailments and contains therapeutically active phytoconstituent, andrographolide (AN). Although hepatoprotective activity of AN is established, but their bioavailability is restricted due to its rapid clearance. The aim of this study, therefore, was to formulate AN herbosomes (ANH) through complexation with naturally occurring soya-phosphatidylcholine (SPC), in order to enhance absorption. Prepared andrographolide-soy phosphatidylcholine (AN-SPC) complex prepared was subjected for characterisation of complex and formation of vesicular system known as ANH using rotary evaporation techniques. This complex was subjected to in vitro study using everted small intestine sac technique which showed significantly increased absorption of AN from the ANH as compared to the plain AN. The hepatoprotective potential of ANH and plain AN was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride inducing hepatotoxicity rat model and compared, in which ANH equivalent to 50 mg/kg of plain AN significantly restore serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (112.4 ± 9.67 for AN whereas 90.2 ± 4.23 for ANH) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (109.3 ± 7.89 for AN whereas 90.6 ± 4.34 for ANH) level as compared to control group. The ANH showed significantly better absorption than plain AN and this effect of ANH was also comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). The findings of present study reveal that ANH has better bioavailability as shown by in vitro absorption study and hence improved hepatoprotection as compared to plain AN at equivalent dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kesarwani K, Gupta R. Bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin: an overview. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:253-66. [PMID: 23620848 PMCID: PMC3634921 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of herbal medicines has been increased all over the world due to their therapeutic effects and fewer adverse effects as compared to the modern medicines. However, many herbal drugs and herbal extracts despite of their impressive in-vitro findings demonstrates less or negligible in-vivo activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size, resulting in poor absorption and hence poor bioavailability. Nowadays with the advancement in the technology, novel drug delivery systems open the door towards the development of enhancing bioavailability of herbal drug delivery systems. For last one decade many novel carriers such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, transferosomes, ethosomes, lipid based systems etc. have been reported for successful modified delivery of various herbal drugs. Many herbal compounds including quercetin, genistein, naringin, sinomenine, piperine, glycyrrhizin and nitrile glycoside have demonstrated capability to enhance the bioavailability. The objective of this review is to summarize various available novel drug delivery technologies which have been developed for delivery of drugs (herbal), and to achieve better therapeutic response. An attempt has also been made to compile a profile on bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin with the mechanism of action (wherever reported) and studies on improvement in drug bioavailability, exhibited particularly by natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajiv Gupta
- *Corresponding author: Rajiv Gupta, Professor & Dean, School of Pharmacy, BBD University, Lucknow. U.P., India. Tel: 9839278227 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Habbu P, Madagundi S, Kulkarni R, Jadav S, Vanakudri R, Kulkarni V. Preparation and evaluation of Bacopa–phospholipid complex for antiamnesic activity in rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dit.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
62
|
Mishra N, Yadav NP, Meher JG, Sinha P. Phyto–vesicles: conduit between conventional and novel drug delivery system. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
63
|
Pathan RA, Bhandari U. Gymnemic Acid-Phospholipid Complex: Preparation and Characterization. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.498256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
64
|
Pathan RA, Bhandari U. Preparation & characterization of embelin–phospholipid complex as effective drug delivery tool. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
65
|
Ajazuddin, Saraf S. Applications of novel drug delivery system for herbal formulations. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:680-9. [PMID: 20471457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, great advances have been made on development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) for plant actives and extracts. The variety of novel herbal formulations like polymeric nanoparticles, nanocapsules, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsions, microsphere, transferosomes, and ethosomes has been reported using bioactive and plant extracts. The novel formulations are reported to have remarkable advantages over conventional formulations of plant actives and extracts which include enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, protection from toxicity, enhancement of pharmacological activity, enhancement of stability, improved tissue macrophages distribution, sustained delivery, and protection from physical and chemical degradation. The present review highlights the current status of the development of novel herbal formulations and summarizes their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, size, entrapment efficiency, route of administration, biological activity and applications of novel formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajazuddin
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G., 492010, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Murugan V, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Enhancing bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata, a well-known medicinal food, through its herbosome. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:43-51. [PMID: 20355010 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographis paniculata is a health food used extensively in Southeast Asia, India and China and contains the pharmacologically important phytochemical andrographolide. Although andrographolide has antihepatotoxic activity, its bioavailability from A. paniculata is restricted by its rapid clearance and high plasma protein binding. The aim of this study was to formulate a herbosome of andrographolide with a naturally occurring phospholipid in order to enhance the bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide in rats. RESULTS Andrographolide herbosome equivalent to 25 and 50 mg kg(-1) andrographolide significantly protected the liver of rats, restoring hepatic enzyme activities with respect to carbon tetrachloride-treated animals (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). The rat plasma concentration of andrographolide obtained from the complex equivalent to 25 mg kg(-1) andrographolide (C(max) = 9.64 microg mL(-1)) was higher than that obtained from 25 mg kg(-1) andrographolide (C(max) = 6.79 microg mL(-1)), and the complex maintained its effective plasma concentration for a longer period of time. CONCLUSION The results proved that the andrographolide complex produced by this method has better bioavailability and hence improved hepatoprotective activity compared with andrographolide at the same dose. Andrographolide complexation is therefore helpful in solving the problem of rapid clearance and low elimination half-life associated with andrographolide from A. paniculata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Maiti
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Semalty A, Semalty M, Rawat MSM, Franceschi F. Supramolecular phospholipids-polyphenolics interactions: the PHYTOSOME strategy to improve the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:306-14. [PMID: 19919847 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The poor and/or erratic oral bioavailability of polyphenolics can be improved using the PHYTOSOME delivery system, a strategy that enhances the rate and the extent of solubilization into aqueous intestinal fluids and the capacity to cross biomembranes. Phospholipids show affinity for polyphenolics, and form supramolecular adducts having a definite stoichiometry. This article reviews the preparation and characterization of PHYTOSOME complexes and their activity in various medicinal (cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer) and cosmetic (skin aging) realms of application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Semalty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University Srinagar, Garhwal, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Murugan V, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Exploring the effect of Hesperetin-HSPC complex--a novel drug delivery system on the in vitro release, therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:943-50. [PMID: 19629709 PMCID: PMC2802168 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hesperetin is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities in mammalian cell systems. Although it shows appreciable bioavailability when administered orally, its faster elimination from body creates the need of frequent administration to maintain effective plasma concentration. To overcome this limitation, a phospholipid complex of hesperetin was prepared and evaluated for antioxidant activity and pharmacokinetic profile. The hesperetin content of the complex was determined by a spectrophotometer and the surface characteristics of the complex were studied by means of microscope. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in carbon-tetrachloride-intoxicated rats at a dose level of 100 mg/kg body weight, p.o. The complex was studied for in vitro drug release characteristics and effect of complexation on serum concentration of hesperetin in rats was also studied along with main pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed that the complex has a sustained release property and enhanced antioxidant activity (P < 0.05 and <0.01) as compared to free hesperetin at the same dose level. Pharmacokinetic study depicted that the complex has higher relative bioavailability and acted for a longer period of time. The study therefore suggests that phospholipid complex of hesperetin produced better antioxidant activity than free drug at the same dose level and the effect persisted for a longer period of time, which may be helpful in solving the problems of faster elimination of the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Maiti
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032 India
| | - Kakali Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032 India
| | - Venkatesh Murugan
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032 India
| | - Bishnu Pada Saha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032 India
| | - Pulok Kumar Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032 India
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Murugan V, Mukherjee K, Maiti K, Mukherjee PK. Enhanced oral bioavailability and antioxidant profile of ellagic acid by phospholipids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4559-4565. [PMID: 19449806 DOI: 10.1021/jf8037105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) has been reported as a potent antioxidant from natural resources with several nutritional benefits. The major disadvantage of this phytoconstituent is its rapid elimination from the body after administration. To overcome this limitation, a novel dietary formulation of EA with phospholipid was developed to investigate the effect of this complex on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidant activity of the complex (equivalent of EA = 25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight) and free EA (25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight) was evaluated by measuring various enzymes in oxidative stress condition. The complex significantly protected the liver by restoring the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and liver glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances with respect to the carbon tetrachloride treated group (P < 0.05 and < 0.01). The complex provided better protection to rat liver than free EA at the same dose. The serum concentration of EA obtained from the complex (equivalent to 80 mg/kg of EA) was higher (C(max) = 0.54 microg/mL) than that of pure EA (80 mg/kg) (C(max) = 0.21 microg/mL), and the complex maintained effective concentration for a longer period of time in serum. The experimental outcome highlighted better hepatoprotective activity of the EA complex due to its potential antioxidant property compared with the free EA tested at the same dose level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Murugan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Semalty A, Semalty M, Rawat BS, Singh D, Rawat MSM. Pharmacosomes: the lipid-based new drug delivery system. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:599-612. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902967607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
71
|
Computational study on the molecular inclusion of andrographolide by cyclodextrin. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2008; 23:153-62. [PMID: 18841328 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-008-9247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the poor water solubility of andrographolide (andro), an inclusion technique has been developed to modify its physical and chemical properties so as to improve its bioavailability. In contrast with the immense experimental studies on the inclusion complexes of andro:cyclodextrin, no computational study has so far been carried out on this system. In this work, preliminary docking experiments with AutoDock were performed. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Austin Model 1 (AM1) calculations upon the docking instances were applied to investigate the two possible modes of molecular inclusions between andro and x-cyclodextrin (xCD, where x is alpha, beta or gamma). Atoms-in-Molecules (AIM) analysis based on the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ wavefunction was applied to verify the existence of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. It was found that the most stable complex among the six possible inclusion complexes was the one formed between andro and betaCD with andro's decalin ring moiety wrapped by CD at a ratio of 1:1. The hydrogen bonds between andro and CD were responsible for the stability of the inclusion complexes. The calculated data were found to be consistent with the experimental results. Thus, the results of this study can aid new drug design processes.
Collapse
|