51
|
Annesi F, Gambardella A, Michelucci R, Bianchi A, Marini C, Canevini MP, Capovilla G, Elia M, Buti D, Chifari R, Striano P, Rocca FE, Castellotti B, Cali F, Labate A, LePiane E, Besana D, Sofia V, Tabiadon G, Tortorella G, Vigliano P, Vignoli A, Beccaria F, Annesi G, Striano S, Aguglia U, Guerrini R, Quattrone A. Mutational analysis of EFHC1 gene in Italian families with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007; 48:1686-1690. [PMID: 17634063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in the EFHC1 gene have been reported in six juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) families from Mexico and Belize. In this study, we screened 27 unrelated JME Italian families for mutations in the EFHC1 gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven families (86 affected individuals, 52 women) with at least two affected members with JME were selected. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes by standard methods and each exon of the EFHC1 gene was amplified and sequenced using intronic primers. RESULTS Two heterozygous mutations were identified in three unrelated families. One (R353 W) was a novel missense mutation, while the F229 L mutation was previously described (say which on of the two occurred in two families). Both mutations cosegregated with the disease. In a fourth family, the variant 545G-->A (resulting in the amino acid substitution R182 H) cosegregated with JME. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study extend the distribution of EFHC1 mutations to the white population and confirm the high level of genetic heterogeneity associated with JME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinanda Annesi
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Michelucci
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Amedeo Bianchi
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Marini
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capovilla
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Elia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Buti
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Rosanna Chifari
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca E Rocca
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castellotti
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Cali
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Labate
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio LePiane
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Dante Besana
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Vito Sofia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulietta Tabiadon
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Tortorella
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Piernanda Vigliano
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Beccaria
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Annesi
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Striano
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Aguglia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| | - Aldo Quattrone
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone-CosenzaInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia CatanzaroDivision of Neurology, "Bellaria" Hospital, BolognaDivision of Neurology, Ospedale "S. Donato" Arezzo, ArezzoChild Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, PisaEpilepsy Center, "S. Paolo" Hospital, MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, "C. Poma" Hospital, MantovaOasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, EnnaDivision of Child Neurology, Meyer Hospital, FirenzeCenter for Child Epilepsy, Azienda Ospedaliera "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico," MilanoEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, "Federico II" University, NapoliLaboratory of Human Genetics, Neurological Institute "C. Besta," MilanoRegional Epilepsy Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Reggio Calabria, Reggio CalabriaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Civil Hospital, AlessandriaInstitute of Neurology, University of Catania, CataniaDivision of Neurology, Hospital of Bolzano, BolzanoDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, University of Messina, MessinaDivision of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Opsedale Martini, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|