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Importance of the CEP215-pericentrin interaction for centrosome maturation during mitosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87016. [PMID: 24466316 PMCID: PMC3899370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
At the onset of mitosis, the centrosome undergoes maturation, which is characterized by a drastic expansion of the pericentriolar material (PCM) and a robust increase in microtubule-organizing activity. CEP215 is one of the major PCM components which accumulates at the centrosome during mitosis. The depletion phenotypes indicate that CEP215 is essential for centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle formation. Here, we performed a series of knockdown-rescue experiments to link the protein-protein interaction properties of CEP215 to its biological functions. The results showed that CEP215 and pericentrin, another major PCM component, is interdependent for their accumulation at the spindle poles during mitosis. As a result, The CEP215-pericentrin interaction is required for centrosome maturation and subsequent bipolar spindle formation during mitosis. On the other hand, CEP215 interaction with γ-tubulin is dispensable for centrosome maturation. Our results provide an insight how PCM components are assembled to form a spindle pole during mitosis.
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52
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Shaheen R, Shamseldin HE, Loucks CM, Seidahmed MZ, Ansari S, Ibrahim Khalil M, Al-Yacoub N, Davis EE, Mola NA, Szymanska K, Herridge W, Chudley AE, Chodirker BN, Schwartzentruber J, Majewski J, Katsanis N, Poizat C, Johnson CA, Parboosingh J, Boycott KM, Innes AM, Alkuraya FS. Mutations in CSPP1, encoding a core centrosomal protein, cause a range of ciliopathy phenotypes in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:73-9. [PMID: 24360803 PMCID: PMC3882732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are characterized by a pattern of multisystem involvement that is consistent with the developmental role of the primary cilium. Within this biological module, mutations in genes that encode components of the cilium and its anchoring structure, the basal body, are the major contributors to both disease causality and modification. However, despite rapid advances in this field, the majority of the genes that drive ciliopathies and the mechanisms that govern the pronounced phenotypic variability of this group of disorders remain poorly understood. Here, we show that mutations in CSPP1, which encodes a core centrosomal protein, are disease causing on the basis of the independent identification of two homozygous truncating mutations in three consanguineous families (one Arab and two Hutterite) affected by variable ciliopathy phenotypes ranging from Joubert syndrome to the more severe Meckel-Gruber syndrome with perinatal lethality and occipital encephalocele. Consistent with the recently described role of CSPP1 in ciliogenesis, we show that mutant fibroblasts from one affected individual have severely impaired ciliogenesis with concomitant defects in sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Our results expand the list of centrosomal proteins implicated in human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catrina M Loucks
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
| | | | - Shinu Ansari
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadya Al-Yacoub
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 22710, USA
| | - Natalie A Mola
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 22710, USA
| | - Katarzyna Szymanska
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Warren Herridge
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Bernard N Chodirker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | | | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 22710, USA
| | - Coralie Poizat
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jillian Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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53
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Wang G, Jiang Q, Zhang C. The role of mitotic kinases in coupling the centrosome cycle with the assembly of the mitotic spindle. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4111-22. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.151753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome acts as the major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) for cytoskeleton maintenance in interphase and mitotic spindle assembly in vertebrate cells. It duplicates only once per cell cycle in a highly spatiotemporally regulated manner. When the cell undergoes mitosis, the duplicated centrosomes separate to define spindle poles and monitor the assembly of the bipolar mitotic spindle for accurate chromosome separation and the maintenance of genomic stability. However, centrosome abnormalities occur frequently and often lead to monopolar or multipolar spindle formation, which results in chromosome instability and possibly tumorigenesis. A number of studies have begun to dissect the role of mitotic kinases, including NIMA-related kinases (Neks), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), Polo-like kinases (Plks) and Aurora kinases, in regulating centrosome duplication, separation and maturation and subsequent mitotic spindle assembly during cell cycle progression. In this Commentary, we review the recent research progress on how these mitotic kinases are coordinated to couple the centrosome cycle with the cell cycle, thus ensuring bipolar mitotic spindle fidelity. Understanding this process will help to delineate the relationship between centrosomal abnormalities and spindle defects.
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54
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Bogdan A, Polgar B, Szekeres-Bartho J. Progesterone Induced Blocking Factor Isoforms in Normal and Failed Murine Pregnancies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 71:131-6. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bogdan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Medical School; Pecs University; Pecs Hungary
| | - Beata Polgar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Medical School; Pecs University; Pecs Hungary
| | - Julia Szekeres-Bartho
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Medical School; Pecs University; Pecs Hungary
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55
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Halasz M, Polgar B, Berta G, Czimbalek L, Szekeres-Bartho J. Progesterone-induced blocking factor differentially regulates trophoblast and tumor invasion by altering matrix metalloproteinase activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4617-30. [PMID: 23807209 PMCID: PMC11113625 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasiveness is a common feature of trophoblast and tumors; however, while tumor invasion is uncontrolled, trophoblast invasion is strictly regulated. Both trophoblast and tumor cells express high levels of the immunomodulatory progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), therefore, we aimed to test the possibility that PIBF might be involved in invasion. To this aim, we used PIBF-silenced or PIBF-treated trophoblast (HTR8/Svneo, and primary trophoblast) and tumor (HT-1080, A549, HCT116, PC3) cell lines. Silencing of PIBF increased invasiveness as well as MMP-2,-9 secretion of HTR8/SVneo, and decreased those of HT-1080 cells. PIBF induced immediate STAT6 activation in both cell lines. Silencing of IL-4Rα abrogated all the above effects of PIBF, suggesting that invasion-related signaling by PIBF is initiated through the IL-4Rα/PIBF-receptor complex. In HTR-8/SVneo, PIBF induced fast, but transient Akt and ERK phosphorylation, whereas in tumor cells, PIBF triggered sustained Akt, ERK, and late STAT3 activation. The late signaling events might be due to indirect action of PIBF. PIBF induced the expression of EGF and HB-EGF in HT-1080 cells. The STAT3-activating effect of PIBF was reduced in HB-EGF-deficient HT-1080 cells, suggesting that PIBF-induced HB-EGF contributes to late STAT3 activation. PIBF binds to the promoters of IL-6, EGF, and HB-EGF; however, the protein profile of the protein/DNA complex is different in the two cell lines. We conclude that in tumor cells, PIBF induces proteins, which activate invasion signaling, while-based on our previous data-PIBF might control trophoblast invasion by suppressing proinvasive genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Transplantation/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HCT116 Cells
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Pregnancy Proteins/genetics
- Pregnancy Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Suppressor Factors, Immunologic/genetics
- Suppressor Factors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Trophoblasts/cytology
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
- Trophoblasts/transplantation
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Halasz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
- Present Address: Systems Biology Ireland Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Beata Polgar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Livia Czimbalek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Julia Szekeres-Bartho
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
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56
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Kumar A, Rajendran V, Sethumadhavan R, Purohit R. CEP proteins: the knights of centrosome dynasty. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:965-983. [PMID: 23456457 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Centrosome forms the backbone of cell cycle progression mechanism. Recent debates have occurred regarding the essentiality of centrosome in cell cycle regulation. CEP family protein is the active component of centrosome and plays a vital role in centriole biogenesis and cell cycle progression control. A total of 31 proteins have been categorized into CEP family protein category and many more are under candidate evaluation. Furthermore, by the recent advancements in genomics and proteomics researches, several new CEP proteins have also been characterized. Here we have summarized the importance of CEP family proteins and their regulation mechanism involved in proper cell cycle progression. Further, we have reviewed the detailed molecular mechanism behind the associated pathological phenotypes and the possible therapeutic approaches. Proteins such as CEP57, CEP63, CEP152, CEP164, and CEP215 have been extensively studied with a detailed description of their molecular mechanisms, which are among the primary targets for drug discovery. Moreover, CEP27, CEP55, CEP70, CEP110, CEP120, CEP135, CEP192, CEP250, CEP290, and CEP350 also seem promising for future drug discovery approaches. Since the overview implicates that the overall researches on CEP proteins are not yet able to present significant details required for effective therapeutics development, thus, it is timely to discuss the importance of future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambuj Kumar
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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57
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Bärenz F, Inoue D, Yokoyama H, Tegha-Dunghu J, Freiss S, Draeger S, Mayilo D, Cado I, Merker S, Klinger M, Hoeckendorf B, Pilz S, Hupfeld K, Steinbeisser H, Lorenz H, Ruppert T, Wittbrodt J, Gruss OJ. The centriolar satellite protein SSX2IP promotes centrosome maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:81-95. [PMID: 23816619 PMCID: PMC3704989 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201302122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SSX2IP promotes centrosome maturation and maintenance at the onset of vertebrate development, preserving centrosome integrity and mitosis during rapid cleavage divisions and in somatic cells. Meiotic maturation in vertebrate oocytes is an excellent model system for microtubule reorganization during M-phase spindle assembly. Here, we surveyed changes in the pattern of microtubule-interacting proteins upon Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation by quantitative proteomics. We identified the synovial sarcoma X breakpoint protein (SSX2IP) as a novel spindle protein. Using X. laevis egg extracts, we show that SSX2IP accumulated at spindle poles in a Dynein-dependent manner and interacted with the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) and the centriolar satellite protein PCM-1. Immunodepletion of SSX2IP impeded γ-TuRC loading onto centrosomes. This led to reduced microtubule nucleation and spindle assembly failure. In rapidly dividing blastomeres of medaka (Oryzias latipes) and in somatic cells, SSX2IP knockdown caused fragmentation of pericentriolar material and chromosome segregation errors. We characterize SSX2IP as a novel centrosome maturation and maintenance factor that is expressed at the onset of vertebrate development. It preserves centrosome integrity and faithful mitosis during the rapid cleavage division of blastomeres and in somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bärenz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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58
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Sillibourne JE, Hurbain I, Grand-Perret T, Goud B, Tran P, Bornens M. Primary ciliogenesis requires the distal appendage component Cep123. Biol Open 2013; 2:535-45. [PMID: 23789104 PMCID: PMC3683156 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilium formation is initiated at the distal end of the mother centriole in a highly co-ordinated manner. This requires the capping of the distal end of the mother centriole with a ciliary vesicle and the anchoring of the basal body (mother centriole) to the cell cortex, both of which are mediated by the distal appendages. Here, we show that the distal appendage protein Cep123 (Cep89/CCDC123) is required for the assembly, but not the maintenance, of a primary cilium. In the absence of Cep123 ciliary vesicle formation fails, suggesting that it functions in the early stages of primary ciliogenesis. Consistent with such a role, Cep123 interacts with the centriolar satellite proteins PCM-1, Cep290 and OFD1, all of which play a role in primary ciliogenesis. These interactions are mediated by a domain in the C-terminus of Cep123 (400-783) that overlaps the distal appendage-targeting domain (500-600). Together, the data implicate Cep123 as a new player in the primary ciliogenesis pathway and expand upon the role of the distal appendages in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Sillibourne
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche/UMR144 du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility-IBiSA, CNRS UMR 144, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Thierry Grand-Perret
- Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche/UMR144 du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Phong Tran
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche/UMR144 du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michel Bornens
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche/UMR144 du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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59
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A Centrin3-dependent, Transient, Appendage of the Mother Basal Body Guides the Positioning of the Daughter Basal Body in Paramecium. Protist 2013; 164:352-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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60
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CEP90 is required for the assembly and centrosomal accumulation of centriolar satellites, which is essential for primary cilia formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48196. [PMID: 23110211 PMCID: PMC3480484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are PCM-1-positive granules surrounding centrosomes. Proposed functions of the centriolar satellites include protein targeting to the centrosome, as well as communication between the centrosome and surrounding cytoplasm. CEP90 is a centriolar satellite protein that is critical for spindle pole integrity in mitotic cells. In this study, we examined the biological functions of CEP90 in interphase cells. CEP90 physically interacts with PCM-1 at centriolar satellites, and this interaction is essential for centrosomal accumulation of the centriolar satellites and eventually for primary cilia formation. CEP90 is also required for BBS4 loading on centriolar satellites and its localization in primary cilia. Our results imply that the assembly and transport of centriolar satellites are critical steps for primary cilia formation and ciliary protein recruitment.
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61
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Staples CJ, Myers KN, Beveridge RDD, Patil AA, Lee AJX, Swanton C, Howell M, Boulton SJ, Collis SJ. The centriolar satellite protein Cep131 is important for genome stability. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4770-9. [PMID: 22797915 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome acts as a centre for microtubule organisation and plays crucial roles in cell polarity, migration, growth and division. Cep131 has recently been described as a basal body component essential for cilium formation, but its function in non-ciliogenic cells is unknown. We identified human Cep131 (also known as AZI1) in a screen for regulators of genome stability. We show that centrosomal localisation of Cep131 is cell-cycle-regulated and requires both an intact microtubule network and a functional dynein-dynactin transport system. Cep131 is recruited to centriolar satellites by PCM1, and localised to the centriolar core region by both pericentrin and Cep290. Depletion of Cep131 results in a reduction in proliferation rate, centriole amplification, an increased frequency of multipolar mitosis, chromosomal instability and an increase in post-mitotic DNA damage. These data therefore highlight the importance of human Cep131 for maintaining genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Staples
- Genome Stability Group, CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, YCR Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, UK
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62
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Lee K, Rhee K. Separase-dependent cleavage of pericentrin B is necessary and sufficient for centriole disengagement during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2476-85. [PMID: 22722493 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Centriole disengagement is considered an essential step for licensing a new round of centriole duplication in the next cell cycle. Separase is critical for centriole disengagement. Here, we showed that pericentrin B (PCNTB) is specifically cleaved by separase at the exit of mitosis. The cleavage-resistant PCNTB mutant blocks the centriole disengagement and duplication. We also observed that an artificial cleavage of PCNTB during M phase induced premature disengagement of centrioles. Based on these results, we concluded that the separase-dependent cleavage of PCNTB is necessary and sufficient for centriole disengagement during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanwoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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63
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Wu Q, He R, Zhou H, Yu ACH, Zhang B, Teng J, Chen J. Cep57, a NEDD1-binding pericentriolar material component, is essential for spindle pole integrity. Cell Res 2012; 22:1390-401. [PMID: 22508265 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of a bipolar spindle is indispensable for faithful chromosome segregation and cell division. Spindle integrity is largely dependent on the centrosome and the microtubule network. Centrosome protein Cep57 can bundle microtubules in mammalian cells. Its related protein (Cep57R) in Xenopus was characterized as a stabilization factor for microtubule-kinetochore attachment. Here we show that Cep57 is a pericentriolar material (PCM) component. Its interaction with NEDD1 is necessary for the centrosome localization of Cep57. Depletion of Cep57 leads to unaligned chromosomes and a multipolar spindle, which is induced by PCM fragmentation. In the absence of Cep57, centrosome microtubule array assembly activity is weakened, and the spindle length and microtubule density decrease. As a spindle microtubule-binding protein, Cep57 is also responsible for the proper organization of the spindle microtubule and localization of spindle pole focusing proteins. Collectively, these results suggest that Cep57, as a NEDD1-binding centrosome component, could function as a spindle pole- and microtubule-stabilizing factor for establishing robust spindle architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Bioengineering and The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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64
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CLASPs prevent irreversible multipolarity by ensuring spindle-pole resistance to traction forces during chromosome alignment. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:295-303. [PMID: 22307330 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Loss of spindle-pole integrity during mitosis leads to multipolarity independent of centrosome amplification. Multipolar-spindle conformation favours incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments, compromising faithful chromosome segregation and daughter-cell viability. Spindle-pole organization influences and is influenced by kinetochore activity, but the molecular nature behind this critical force balance is unknown. CLASPs are microtubule-, kinetochore- and centrosome-associated proteins whose functional perturbation leads to three main spindle abnormalities: monopolarity, short spindles and multipolarity. The first two reflect a role at the kinetochore-microtubule interface through interaction with specific kinetochore partners, but how CLASPs prevent spindle multipolarity remains unclear. Here we found that human CLASPs ensure spindle-pole integrity after bipolarization in response to CENP-E- and Kid-mediated forces from misaligned chromosomes. This function is independent of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and involves the recruitment of ninein to residual pericentriolar satellites. Distinctively, multipolarity arising through this mechanism often persists through anaphase. We propose that CLASPs and ninein confer spindle-pole resistance to traction forces exerted during chromosome congression, thereby preventing irreversible spindle multipolarity and aneuploidy.
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65
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Lee K, Rhee K. PLK1 phosphorylation of pericentrin initiates centrosome maturation at the onset of mitosis. J Cell Biol 2011; 195:1093-101. [PMID: 22184200 PMCID: PMC3246884 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-organizing activity of the centrosome oscillates during the cell cycle, reaching its highest level at mitosis. At the onset of mitosis, the centrosome undergoes maturation, which is characterized by a drastic expansion of the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) and a robust increase in microtubule-organizing activity. It is known that PLK1 is critical for the initiation of centrosome maturation. In this paper, we report that pericentrin (PCNT), a PCM protein, was specifically phosphorylated by PLK1 during mitosis. Phosphoresistant point mutants of PCNT did not recruit centrosomal proteins, such as CEP192, GCP-WD (γ-complex protein with WD repeats), γ-tubulin, Aurora A, and PLK1, into the centrosome during mitosis. However, centrosomal recruitment of CEP215 depended on PCNT irrespective of its phosphorylation status. Furthermore, ectopic expression of PLK1-PCNT fusion proteins induced the centrosomal accumulation of CEP192, GCP-WD, and γ-tubulin even in interphase cells, mimicking centrosome maturation. Based on these results, we propose that PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of PCNT initiates centrosome maturation by organizing the spindle pole-specific PCM lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanwoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
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Centriolar satellites: busy orbits around the centrosome. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:983-9. [PMID: 21945726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first description by Theodor Boveri in 1888, the centrosome has been studied intensely, and it revealed detailed information about its structure, molecular composition and its various functions. The centrosome consists of two centrioles, which generally appear in electron microscopy as barrel-shaped structures usually composed of nine microtubule triplets. An amorphous mass of pericentriolar material surrounds the centrioles and accumulates many proteins important for the integrity and function of centrosomes, such as the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) that mediates microtubule nucleation and capping. In animal somatic cells, the centrosome generally accounts for the major microtubule organizing center, and the duplicated pair of centrosomes determines the poles of the microtubule-based mitotic spindle. Despite detailed insights into the centrosome's structure and function, it has been a complete mystery until a few years ago how centrosomes duplicate and assemble. Moreover, it is still largely unclear if and how centrosomal proteins or protein complexes are exchanged, replaced or qualitatively altered. Previously identified cytoplasmic granules, named "pericentriolar" or "centriolar satellites", might fulfil such functions in protein targeting and exchange, and communication between the centrosomes and the cytoplasm. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the structure, molecular composition and possible roles of the satellites that seem to surround the core of the centrosome in most animal cells.
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