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Psoralen-ultraviolet A therapy alters epidermal Sema3A and NGF levels and modulates epidermal innervation in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 55:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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52
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Hoffjan S, Parwez Q, Petrasch-Parwez E, Stemmler S. Variation in the BDNF and NGFB genes in German atopic dermatitis patients. Mol Cell Probes 2009; 23:35-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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53
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Grimstad Ø, Sawanobori Y, Vestergaard C, Bilsborough J, Olsen UB, Grønhøj-Larsen C, Matsushima K. Anti-interleukin-31-antibodies ameliorate scratching behaviour in NC/Nga mice: a model of atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:35-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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54
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Yamaguchi J, Aihara M, Kobayashi Y, Kambara T, Ikezawa Z. Quantitative analysis of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the atopic dermatitis and psoriasis horny layer and effect of treatment on NGF in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 53:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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55
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Takaoka K, Shirai Y, Saito N. Inflammatory Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Enhances Nerve Growth Factor Production in Human Keratinocytes, HaCaT Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:381-91. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09143fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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56
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Yamaguchi J, Nakamura F, Aihara M, Yamashita N, Usui H, Hida T, Takei K, Nagashima Y, Ikezawa Z, Goshima Y. Semaphorin3A Alleviates Skin Lesions and Scratching Behavior in NC/Nga Mice, an Atopic Dermatitis Model. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:2842-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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57
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Enhanced production and secretion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor from the skin in atopic dermatitis mouse model. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 300:343-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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58
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Tominaga M, Ogawa H, Takamori K. Decreased production of semaphorin 3A in the lesional skin of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:842-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59
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Tashiro A, Imafuku S, Furue M. Traumatic neuroma of the lower lip with intraepithelial nerve fibers. J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35:320-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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60
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Park ST, Kim KE, Na K, Kim Y, Kim TY. Effect of dendritic cells treated with CpG ODN on atopic dermatitis of Nc/Nga mice. BMB Rep 2007; 40:486-93. [PMID: 17669263 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.4.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and the pathogenesis of AD is associated with the release of various cytokines/chemokines due to activated Th(2) immune responses. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotide in the context of particular base sequence (CpG motifs) are known to have the immunostimulatory activities in mice and to convert from Th(2) to Th(1) immune responses in AD. We aimed to investigate that CpG ODN, especially phosphodiester form, can stimulate the protective immunity in NC/Nga mice with AD. We isolated BMDCs from NC/Nga mice and then, cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, and treated for 2 days by either phosphorothioate ODN or phosphodiester ODN. CpG ODN-treated DCs resulted in more production of IL-12. When CpG ODN-treated DCs were intravenously injected into the NC/Nga mice, the NC/Nga mice with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed significant improvement of AD symptoms and decrease of IgE level. Histopathologically, the NC/Nga mice skin with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed the decreased IL-4 and TARC expression comparing with non-injected mice. These results may suggest that phosphodiester CpG ODN-treated DCs might function as a potent adjuvant for AD in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Tae Park
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
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61
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Taniguchi M, Matsuzaki S, Tohyama M. P75 plays a key role in the induction of the sprouting of sensory nerve fibers in inflamed skin. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:2062-5. [PMID: 17410199 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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62
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Fujii M, Akita K, Mizutani N, Nabe T, Kohno S. Development of numerous nerve fibers in the epidermis of hairless mice with atopic dermatitis-like pruritic skin inflammation. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 104:243-51. [PMID: 17609584 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0070436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Itching is the most important symptom in atopic dermatitis because the persistent scratching in response to itching aggravates the disease. However, the etiologic mechanisms of itching in atopic dermatitis remain uncertain. HR-1 hairless mice fed a special diet, HR-AD, develop atopic dermatitis-like symptoms with prolonged scratching episodes. The purpose of this study was to examine whether skin nerve fiber changes were involved in the prolonged scratching seen in this mouse model. On day 56 after the start of feeding, prolonged scratching, as well as atopic dermatitis-like skin changes, were clearly observed in HR-AD-fed mice, while no abnormal changes were observed in mice fed a normal diet. Immunohistochemical analyses of the skin using antibody to protein gene product 9.5 showed the development of numerous immunoreactive nerve fibers in the epidermis of HR-AD-fed mice. Furthermore, after cessation of HR-AD feeding, the reduction in intraepidermal nerve fibers coincided with decreased scratching. Neither the prolongation of scratching nor the increase in intraepidermal nerve fibers was affected by dexamethasone treatment. Thus, the increased number of intraepidermal nerve fibers could be involved in the aggravation of itch-related scratching observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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63
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Schulte-Herbrüggen O, Fölster-Holst R, von Elstermann M, Augustin M, Hellweg R. Clinical relevance of nerve growth factor serum levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144:211-6. [PMID: 17579279 DOI: 10.1159/000103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to act as a potent mediator in neuroinflammatory processes. Recent studies point to a role of NGF in the skin pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. Hereby, NGF was found to interact with the major cellular components (mast cells and eosinophils) of both skin diseases. OBJECTIVES In order to investigate NGF serum levels as a possible clinical marker of disease activity and immunological status, we determined serum NGF, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), total IgE and score of AD (SCORAD) in 57 patients with AD as well as NGF and the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) in 17 patients with psoriasis. Fifty healthy subjects served as controls. METHODS We used a highly sensitive improved fluorometric two-site ELISA system for serum NGF detection. IgE and ECP were measured by CAP-FEIA and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS We did not find a significant correlation between NGF and either ECP, total IgE, or severity of disease assessed by SCORAD. Also in patients with psoriasis, there was no significant correlation with disease activity determined by PASI. CONCLUSION Even though there is increasing evidence showing NGF to be involved in the local inflammatory pathophysiology of AD within skin lesions, our findings suggest that NGF systemic serum concentration is not a suitable parameter to estimate the clinical or immunological status of AD or psoriasis patients. This result is inconsistent with some previous studies showing a positive correlation of serum NGF with AD severity, which might be, for example, due to the fact that the present results are corrected for unspecific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schulte-Herbrüggen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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64
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Tominaga M, Ozawa S, Ogawa H, Takamori K. A hypothetical mechanism of intraepidermal neurite formation in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 46:199-210. [PMID: 17350228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus is a symptom in atopic dermatitis (AD). Previous studies have reported that increased intraepidermal neurites are observed in AD, suggesting that the neuritogenesis is related to itching in the skin. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to reveal the mechanism of intraepidermal neurite formation in AD. METHODS In this study, we used conventional (Conv) NC/Nga mice with AD. NC/Nga mice maintained in specific pathogen-free (SPF) condition were used as a control with no AD. Distribution of intraepidermal neurites and expression patterns of growth factors (NGF and amphiregulin (AR)) and cell-cell junctional molecules (E-cadherin, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg3)) were examined in the skins by immunohistochemistry or quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, detection of gelatinase activity was performed with in situ zymography. The same experiments were conducted in ICR mice for comparison with NC/Nga mice. RESULTS Neurite density and expression levels of growth factors and gelatinase were remarkably increased in the epidermis of Conv-NC/Nga mice compared with those of SPF-NC/Nga mice. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 and misexpression of Dsg3 were also observed in the atopic skins. In comparison with ICR mice, increases of neurite density and gelatinase activity were found in the skins of SPF-NC/Nga mice but expression levels of growth factors and cell-cell junctional molecules were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Increases of growth factors and gelatinase activity may be related to neurite outgrowth in the epidermis of atopic NC/Nga mice. Additionally, abnormal expressions of cell-cell junctional molecules in the epidermis may provide intercellular spaces for the neurite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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65
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Ikoma A. [Therapeutic agents of today and the future for atopic dermatitis]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2007; 128:411-5. [PMID: 17167215 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.128.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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66
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Takano N, Sakurai T, Ohashi Y, Kurachi M. Effects of high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor inhibitors on symptoms in the NC/Nga mouse atopic dermatitis model. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156:241-6. [PMID: 17223862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important substance in the skin, where it modulates nerve maintenance and repair. However, the direct link between NGF and pruritic diseases such as atopic dermatitis is not yet fully understood. Our previous study showed that NGF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. NGF mediates its effects by binding to two classes of transmembrane receptors, a high-affinity receptor (tropomyosin-related kinase A, TrkA) and a low-affinity receptor (p75). OBJECTIVES To determine the significance of NGF receptors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, the effects of TrkA inhibitors AG879 and K252a on the symptoms of NC/Nga mice were evaluated. METHODS Male NC/Nga mice with severe skin lesions were used. AG879 or K252a was applied to the rostral part of the back of mice five times a week. The dermatitis score for the rostral back was assessed once a week. The scratching behaviour was measured using an apparatus, MicroAct (Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan). Immunofluorescence examinations were made in the rostral back skin for nerve fibres, NGF and TrkA receptor. RESULTS Repeated applications of AG879 or K252a significantly improved the established dermatitis and scratching behaviour, and decreased nerve fibres in the epidermis. NGF was observed more weakly in keratinocytes, and a lower expression of TrkA was observed in stratum germinativum of the epidermis of mice treated with AG879 or K252a compared with those treated with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that NGF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions via the high-affinity NGF receptor. These findings provide a new potential therapeutic approach for the amelioration of symptoms of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takano
- Pharmacological Evaluation Laboratory, Self Medication Laboratories, Medicinal Development Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan.
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Abstract
The neurobiology of itch, which is formally known as pruritus, and its interaction with pain have been illustrated by the complexity of specific mediators, itch-related neuronal pathways and the central processing of itch. Scratch-induced pain can abolish itch, and analgesic opioids can generate itch, which indicates an antagonistic interaction. However, recent data suggest that there is a broad overlap between pain- and itch-related peripheral mediators and/or receptors, and there are astonishingly similar mechanisms of neuronal sensitization in the PNS and the CNS. The antagonistic interaction between pain and itch is already exploited in pruritus therapy, and current research concentrates on the identification of common targets for future analgesic and antipruritic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ikoma
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Shogin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Abstract
Neurophysiologic studies indicate that pruritus is a distinct sensation with its own neuronal pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system which are different from that of pain. Pruritus is a very disturbing sensation and most common skin-related symptom. Histamine was long considered to be the only mediator of pruritus. However, it has become evident that - besides histamine - a variety of neuromediators such as neurotrophins and neuropeptides as well as their receptors play an important role in pruritus. Neuromediators are produced by mast cells, keratinocytes and eosinophil granulocytes which are in close contact to sensory nerves. The discovery of these neurophysiological interactions opens new and promising therapeutic options for the treatment of pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Raap
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
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