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Mwape KE, Phiri IK, Praet N, Dorny P, Muma JB, Zulu G, Speybroeck N, Gabriël S. Study and ranking of determinants of Taenia solium infections by classification tree models. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 92:56-63. [PMID: 25404073 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important public health problem occurring mainly in developing countries. This work aimed to study the determinants of human T. solium infections in the Eastern province of Zambia and rank them in order of importance. A household (HH)-level questionnaire was administered to 680 HHs from 53 villages in two rural districts and the taeniasis and cysticercosis status determined. A classification tree model (CART) was used to define the relative importance and interactions between different predictor variables in their effect on taeniasis and cysticercosis. The Katete study area had a significantly higher taeniasis and cysticercosis prevalence than the Petauke area. The CART analysis for Katete showed that the most important determinant for cysticercosis infections was the number of HH inhabitants (6 to 10) and for taeniasis was the number of HH inhabitants > 6. The most important determinant in Petauke for cysticercosis was the age of head of household > 32 years and for taeniasis it was age < 55 years. The CART analysis showed that the most important determinant for both taeniasis and cysticercosis infections was the number of HH inhabitants (6 to 10) in Katete district and age in Petauke. The results suggest that control measures should target HHs with a high number of inhabitants and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabemba E Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isaac K Phiri
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Praet
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John B Muma
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gideon Zulu
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niko Speybroeck
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Zambia; Petauke District Hospital, Petauke, Zambia; Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Muma JB, Gabriël S, Munyeme M, Munang'andu HM, Victor B, Dorny P, Nalubamba KS, Siamudaala V, Mwape KE. Taenia spp. infections in wildlife in the Bangweulu and Kafue flood plains ecosystems of Zambia. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:375-8. [PMID: 25090953 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taenia spp. have an indirect life cycle, cycling between a definitive and an intermediate host with zoonotic species causing public health problems in many developing countries. During the course of 2 separate surveys in Zambia (2004 and 2009), the presence of Taenia larval stages (cysticerci) was examined in Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis), Black lechwe (Kobus leche smithermani) and other wildlife species from the Kafue and Bangweulu flood plains. Examinations involved post-mortem inspection and serum specific antigen detection. The recovered cysts from seven carcasses were characterised using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. The overall proportion of infection in wildlife on post-mortem examination was 19.0% (95% CI: 9.1-29.0%). The proportion of infected wildlife based on post-mortem examinations in the Kafue flood plains was estimated at 28.6% (95% CI: 13.3-43.9%), while the seroprevalence was estimated at 25.0% (95% CI: 2.9-47.1%). The seroprevalence for cattle in the Kafue flood plains was estimated at 61.5% (95% CI: 42.0-81.0%) while that of Kafue lechwe in the same ecosystem was estimated at 66.6% (95% CI: 45.6-85.7%). Infection rates were higher in Kafue lechwe than in Black lechwe suggesting differences in the exposure patterns. The sequencing results indicated that none of the recovered cysts were either Taenia solium or Taenia saginata. We therefore conclude they most likely belong to a less studied (wildlife) Taenia species that requires further characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - S Gabriël
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - H M Munang'andu
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - B Victor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - K S Nalubamba
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - V Siamudaala
- KAZA TFCA Secretariat, Plot 2951, Madiba Shopping Complex, P.O. Box 821, Kasane, Botswana
| | - K E Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
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Coral-Almeida M, Rodríguez-Hidalgo R, Celi-Erazo M, García HH, Rodríguez S, Devleesschauwer B, Benítez-Ortiz W, Dorny P, Praet N. Incidence of human Taenia solium larval Infections in an Ecuadorian endemic area: implications for disease burden assessment and control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2887. [PMID: 24852050 PMCID: PMC4031064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease causing severe health disorders and even death. While prevalence data become available worldwide, incidence rate and cumulative incidence figures are lacking, which limits the understanding of the Taenia solium epidemiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A seroepidemiological cohort study was conducted in a south-Ecuadorian community to estimate the incidence rate of infection with and the incidence rate of exposure to T. solium based on antigen and antibody detections, respectively. The incidence rate of infection was 333.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: [8.4-1,858] per 100,000 person-years) contrasting with a higher incidence rate of exposure 13,370 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: [8,730-19,591] per 100,000 person-years). The proportion of infected individuals remained low and stable during the whole study year while more than 25% of the population showed at least one antibody seroconversion/seroreversion during the same time period. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the transmission of T. solium is essential to develop ad hoc cost-effective prevention and control programs. The estimates generated here may now be incorporated in epidemiological models to simulate the temporal transmission of the parasite and the effects of control interventions on its life cycle. These estimates are also of high importance to assess the disease burden since incidence data are needed to make regional and global projections of morbidity and mortality related to cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Coral-Almeida
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Richar Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Núcleo de Investigadores, Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Celi-Erazo
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Héctor Hugo García
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Health and Society, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Washington Benítez-Ortiz
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Centro Internacional de Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Praet
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
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