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Furgason JM, Li W, Milholland B, Cross E, Li Y, McPherson CM, Warnick RE, Rixe O, Stambrook PJ, Vijg J, Bahassi EM. Whole genome sequencing of glioblastoma multiforme identifies multiple structural variations involved in EGFR activation. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:341-50. [PMID: 25103728 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has become a powerful tool in dissecting and identifying mutations and genomic structural variants that accompany tumourigenesis. Sequence analysis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) illustrates the ability to rapidly identify mutations that may affect phenotype. Approximately 50% of human GBMs overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which renders the EGFR protein a compelling therapeutic target. In brain tumours, attempts to target EGFR as a cancer therapeutic, however, have achieved little or no benefit. The mechanisms that drive therapeutic resistance to EGFR inhibitors in brain tumours are not well defined, and drug resistance contributes to the deadly and aggressive nature of the disease. Whole genome sequencing of four primary GBMs revealed multiple pathways by which EGFR protein abundance becomes deregulated in these tumours and will guide the development of new strategies for treating EGFR overexpressing tumours. Each of the four tumours displayed a different mechanism leading to increased EGFR protein levels. One mechanism is mediated by gene amplification and tandem duplication of the kinase domain. A second involves an intragenic deletion that generates a constitutively active form of the protein. A third combines the loss of a gene which encodes a protein that regulates EGFR abundance as well as an miRNA that modulates EGFR expression. A fourth mechanism entails loss of an ubiquitin ligase docking site in the C-terminal part of the protein whose absence inhibits turnover of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Furgason
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231, Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenge Li
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon Milholland
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yaqin Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher M McPherson
- Department of Neurosurgery and UC Brain Tumor Center, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ronald E Warnick
- Department of Neurosurgery and UC Brain Tumor Center, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Olivier Rixe
- GRU Cancer Center, 1411 Laney Walker Boulevard Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - El Mustapha Bahassi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231, Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA, UC Brain Tumor Center, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH, USA,
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Mendez G, Ozpinar A, Raskin J, Gultekin SH, Ross DA. Case comparison and literature review of glioblastoma: A tale of two tumors. Surg Neurol Int 2014; 5:121. [PMID: 25140280 PMCID: PMC4135538 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.138034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) includes a heterogeneous group of tumors. We describe two cases with histopathologically and molecularly similar tumors, but very different outcomes. We attempt to illustrate the need for improved prognostic markers for GBM. Case Description: Two patients with similar molecular profiles were retrospectively identified. The following markers were assessed: O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 status, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) status, Ki-67, p53, and 1p/19q status. Each patient was assigned a Karnofsky performance score at presentation. Case 1 (62-year-old male) was a right temporal lobe glioblastoma with a molecular profile of amplified EGFR, normal PTEN, no IDH1/2 mutation, 28.7% MGMT promoter methylation, 5-20% Ki-67, 1p deletion, and 19q intact. The patient underwent resection followed by radiation therapy and 2 years of chemotherapy, and was asymptomatic and tumor free 5 years post diagnosis. Tumor eventually recurred and the patient expired 72 months after initial diagnosis. Case 2 (63-year-old male) was a right frontal white matter mass consistent with glioblastoma with a molecular profile of amplified EGFR, absent PTEN, no IDH1/2 mutation, 9.9% MGMT promoter methylation, 5-10% Ki-67, and 1p/19q status inconclusive. A radical subtotal resection was performed; however, 2 weeks later symptoms had returned. Subsequent imaging revealed a tumor larger than at diagnosis. The patient expired 3 months after initial diagnosis. Conclusion: The need for formulating more robust means to classify GBM tumor subtypes is paramount. Standard histopathologic and molecular analyses are costly and did not provide either of these patients with a realistic appraisal of their prognosis. Individualized whole genome testing similar to that being reported for medulloblastoma and other tumors may be preferable to the array of tests as currently utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mendez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alp Ozpinar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey Raskin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sakir H Gultekin
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Donald A Ross
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA ; Section of Neurological Surgery, Operative Care Division, Portland Veterans Administration Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
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53
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Han S, Meng L, Han S, Wang Y, Wu A. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels after postoperative combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy predict prognosis in elderly glioblastoma patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93791. [PMID: 24690948 PMCID: PMC3972244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that preoperative plasma IGFBP-2 levels correlate with prognosis in glioma patients. The prognostic value of plasma IGFBP-2 after postoperative combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in glioma patients is unknown. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels in 83 glioblastoma patients after postoperative radiotherapy plus chemotherapy were analyzed using an IGFBP-2 ELISA kit. We found that after standard therapy plasma IGFBP-2 levels significantly correlated with the patient's age (R = 0.738, P<0.001) and Karnofsky performance status (KPS, R = −0.633, P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of death according to plasma IGFBP-2 levels adjusted for patient clinical characteristics. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels significantly correlated with overall survival in glioblastoma patients (multivariate HR = 1.035; 95% CI, 1.024–1.047; P<0.001). The effect of plasma IGFBP-2 levels on survival seemed to differ according to patients' age. Among patients older than 60, high plasma IGFBP-2 levels were associated with a significant increase in overall mortality (HR = 1.097; 95% CI, 1.055–1.140; P<0.001). In contrast, plasma IGFBP-2 levels conferred no significant effect on mortality among patients younger than 60. Elevated plasma IGFBP-2 levels after combined postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in elderly glioblastoma patients correlate with poor KPS score and predicts poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingxuan Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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Cirillo A, Di Salle A, Petillo O, Melone MAB, Grimaldi G, Bellotti A, Torelli G, De' Santi MS, Cantatore G, Marinelli A, Galderisi U, Peluso G. High grade glioblastoma is associated with aberrant expression of ZFP57, a protein involved in gene imprinting, and of CPT1A and CPT1C that regulate fatty acid metabolism. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:735-41. [PMID: 24618825 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of glioblastoma is still based on tumor histology, but emerging molecular diagnosis is becoming an important part of glioblastoma classification. Besides the well-known cell cycle-related circuitries that are associated with glioblastoma onset and development, new insights may be derived by looking at pathways involved in regulation of epigenetic phenomena and cellular metabolism, which may both be highly deregulated in cancer cells. We evaluated if in glioblastoma patients the high grade of malignancy could be associated with aberrant expression of some genes involved in regulation of epigenetic phenomena and lipid metabolism. We measured the mRNA levels of ZFP57, TRIM28, CPT1A, CPT1B, and CPT1C in a cohort of 80 patients divided in two groups: grade II and grade IV. We evidenced that high grade glioblastoma is associated with increased level of ZFP57, a protein involved in gene imprinting, and aberrant expression of CPT1A and CPT1C, regulators of fatty acid oxidation. Our study may pave the way to identify new markers that could be potentially useful for diagnosis and/or prognosis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Di Salle
- Institute of Biomedicine and Bioresources; CNR; Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mariarosa A B Melone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Bioresources; CNR; Naples, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"; CNR; Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Cantatore
- PO "Santa Maria di Loreto Mare"; Napoli, Italy; UO of Neurosurgery; AOU "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona"; Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Marinelli
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical and Molecular Oncology; University "Federico II"; Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Bioresources; CNR; Naples, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; Naples, Italy
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Xu J, Li Z, Wang J, Chen H, Fang JY. Combined PTEN Mutation and Protein Expression Associate with Overall and Disease-Free Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:196-205.e1. [PMID: 24721394 PMCID: PMC4101389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor commonly inactivated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the prognostic significance of PTEN remains controversial. Here, we demon- strate significant prognostic value of combined PTEN mutation and expression for the survival of patients with GBM on the basis of analysis of large-scale cancer genomic data. PTEN nonsense mutations associated with sig- nificantly shorter disease-free survival and overexpression of PTEN protein linked to shorter disease-free and overall survival of patients with GBM. PTEN nonsense mutations correlated with decreased p53 and Gata3 protein levels and increased genomic instability in human GBM tissues. Expression of nonsense PTEN mutant decreased p53 and Gata3 levels, producing increased DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo. Mice carrying xenograft tumors with nonsense PTEN mutant displayed significantly shorter survival. Our data demonstrated the prognostic value of combined PTEN mutation and protein expression for patients with GBM and highlighted distinct biologic effects of nonsense and missense mutations of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhaoli Li
- Viral Genetics Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jilin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
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Chautard E, Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Verrelle P. Role of Akt in human malignant glioma: from oncogenesis to tumor aggressiveness. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:205-15. [PMID: 24477623 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gathering evidence has revealed that Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in glioma progression and aggressiveness. Among Akt kinases the most studied, Akt1, has been involved in many cellular processes that are in favor of cell malignancy. More recently, the actions of the two other isoforms, Akt2 and Akt3 have emerged in glioma. After a description of Akt pathway activation, we will explore the role of each isoform in malignant glioma that strengthens the current preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of Akt pathway targeting in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA7283 CREaT, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
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