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NELSON A, BERKESTEDT I, BODELSSON M. Circulating glycosaminoglycan species in septic shock. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2014; 58:36-43. [PMID: 24341693 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are negatively charged polysaccharides present, e.g., on the luminal face of the blood vessels as heparan sulphate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), in the interstitium as HA, and in neutrofils and plasma as chondroitin sulphate (CS) and HA. Total plasma levels of GAG are increased in human septic shock, but the origin and pathophysiological implications are unclear. In order to determine the source of circulating GAG in sepsis, we compared plasma levels of HS, HA, CS and keratan sulphate (KS) in patients with septic shock and controls. METHODS HS and KS were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA and CS disaccharides with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in plasma obtained from patients admitted to intensive care fulfilling criteria for septic shock as well as from matched control patients scheduled for neurosurgery. RESULTS Median levels of HS and HA were fourfold increased in septic shock and were higher in patients that did not survive 90 days (threefold and fivefold for HS and HA, respectively). Median CS levels were unaltered, while KS levels were slightly decreased in sepsis patients. HS and HA levels correlated with levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10. Except for HA, GAG levels did not correlate to liver or kidney sequential organ function score. CONCLUSION Median plasma level of HS and HA is increased in septic shock patients, are higher in patients that do not survive, and correlates with inflammatory activation and failing circulation. The increased levels could be due to vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. NELSON
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University and Skane University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - I. BERKESTEDT
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University and Skane University Hospital; Lund Sweden
| | - M. BODELSSON
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University and Skane University Hospital; Lund Sweden
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major trauma still represents one of the leading causes of death in the first four decades of life. Septic complications represent the predominant causes of late death (45% of overall mortality) in polytrauma patients. The ability of clinicians to early differentiate between systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis is demonstrated to improve clinical outcome and mortality. The identification of an "ideal" biomarker able to early recognize incoming septic complications in trauma patients is still a challenge for researchers. AIM To evaluate the existing evidence regarding the role of biomarkers to predict or facilitate early diagnosis of sepsis in trauma patients, trying to compile some recommendations for the clinical setting. METHODS An Internet-based search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was performed using the search terms: "Biomarkers", "Sepsis" and "Trauma" in various combinations. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Checklist (QUADAS). After data extraction, the level of evidence available for each bio-marker was rated and presented using the "best-evidence synthesis" method, in line with the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. RESULTS Thirty studies were eligible for the final analysis: 13 case-control studies and 17 cohort studies. The "strong evidence" available demonstrated the potential use of procalcitonin as an early indicator of post-traumatic septic complications and reported the inability of c-reactive protein (CRP) to specifically identify infective complications. Moderate, conflicting and limited evidence are available for the other 31 biomarkers. CONCLUSION Several biomarkers have been evaluated for predicting or making early diagnosis of sepsis in trauma patients. Current evidence does not support the use of a single biomarker in diagnosing sepsis. However, procalcitonin trend was found to be useful in early identification of post-traumatic septic course and its use is suggested (Recommendation Grade: B) in clinical practice.
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Rosser CJ, Urquidi V, Goodison S. Urinary biomarkers of bladder cancer: an update and future perspectives. Biomark Med 2013; 7:779-90. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Early detection of bladder tumors is critical for improved patient outcomes. The standard method for detection and surveillance of bladder tumors is cystoscopy with urinary cytology. Limitations of cystoscopy and urinary cytology have brought to light the need for more robust diagnostic assays. Ideally, such assays would be applicable to noninvasively obtained, voided urine, and be designed not only for diagnosis, but also for monitoring disease recurrence and response to therapy. Consequently, the development of a noninvasive urine-based assay would be of tremendous benefit to both patients and healthcare systems. This article reports some of the more prominent urine-based biomarkers reported in the literature. In addition, some new technologies that have been used to identify novel urinary biomarkers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Rosser
- Department of Urology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
| | - Virginia Urquidi
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
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Yin S, Xue J, Sun H, Wen B, Wang Q, Perkins G, Zhao HW, Ellisman MH, Hsiao YH, Yin L, Xie Y, Hou G, Zi J, Lin L, Haddad GG, Zhou D, Liu S. Quantitative evaluation of the mitochondrial proteomes of Drosophila melanogaster adapted to extreme oxygen conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74011. [PMID: 24069262 PMCID: PMC3771901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary organelles that consume oxygen and provide energy for cellular activities. To investigate the mitochondrial mechanisms underlying adaptation to extreme oxygen conditions, we generated Drosophila strains that could survive in low- or high-oxygen environments (LOF or HOF, respectively), examined their mitochondria at the ultrastructural level via transmission electron microscopy, studied the activity of their respiratory chain complexes, and quantitatively analyzed the protein abundance responses of the mitochondrial proteomes using Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). A total of 718 proteins were identified with high confidence, and 55 and 75 mitochondrial proteins displayed significant differences in abundance in LOF and HOF, respectively, compared with the control flies. Importantly, these differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins are primarily involved in respiration, calcium regulation, the oxidative response, and mitochondrial protein translation. A correlation analysis of the changes in the levels of the mRNAs corresponding to differentially regulated mitochondrial proteins revealed two sets of proteins with different modes of regulation (transcriptional vs. post-transcriptional) in both LOF and HOF. We believe that these findings will not only enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptation to extreme oxygen conditions in Drosophila but also provide a clue in studying human disease induced by altered oxygen tension in tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Haidan Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Proteomic Platform, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanhui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Proteomic Platform, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Huiwen W. Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yu-hsin Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Liang Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixue Hou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Proteomic Platform, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Zi
- Proteomic Platform, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Proteomic Platform, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DZ); Siqi Liu: (SL)
| | - Siqi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Proteomic Platform, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); Siqi Liu: (SL)
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