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Qiu X, Westerhof TM, Karunaratne AA, Werner EM, Pourfard PP, Nelson EL, Hui EE, Haun JB. Microfluidic device for rapid digestion of tissues into cellular suspensions. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3300-3309. [PMID: 28850139 PMCID: PMC5614870 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to harvest single cells from tissues is currently a bottleneck for cell-based diagnostic technologies, and remains crucial in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Tissues are typically broken down using proteolytic digestion and various mechanical treatments, but success has been limited due to long processing times, low yield, and high manual labor burden. Here, we present a novel microfluidic device that utilizes precision fluid flows to improve the speed and efficiency of tissue digestion. The microfluidic channels were designed to apply hydrodynamic shear forces at discrete locations on tissue specimens up to 1 cm in length and 1 mm in diameter, thereby accelerating digestion through hydrodynamic shear forces and improved enzyme-tissue contact. We show using animal organs that our digestion device with hydro-mincing capabilities was superior to conventional scalpel mincing and digestion based on recovery of DNA and viable single cells. Thus, our microfluidic digestion device can eliminate or reduce the need to mince tissue samples with a scalpel, while reducing sample processing time and preserving cell viability. Another advantage is that downstream microfluidic operations could be integrated to enable advanced cell processing and analysis capabilities. We envision our novel device being used in research and clinical settings to promote single cell-based analysis technologies, as well as to isolate primary, progenitor, and stem cells for use in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3107 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Zhang G, Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhang L, Ling Z, Zhu Y, Wang F, Zou X, Chen M. Hypoxia-induced extracellular vesicles mediate protection of remote ischemic preconditioning for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:473-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Pajenda S, Mechtler K, Wagner L. Urinary neprilysin in the critically ill patient. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:172. [PMID: 28545475 PMCID: PMC5445475 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Critically ill patients in intensive care face hazardous conditions. Among these, acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently seen as a result of sepsis. Early diagnosis of kidney injury is of the utmost importance in the guidance of interventions or avoidance of treatment-induced kidney injury. On these grounds, we searched for markers that could indicate proximal tubular cell injury. Methods Urine samples of 90 patients admitted to the intensive or intermediate care unit were collected over 2 to 5 days. The biomarker neprilysin (NEP) was investigated in urine using several methods such as dot blot, ELISA and immunofluorescence of urinary casts. Fifty-five healthy donors acted as controls. Results NEP was highly significantly elevated in the urine of patients who suffered AKI according to the KDIGO criteria in comparison to healthy controls. It was also found to be elevated in ICU patients without overt signs of AKI according to serum creatinine changes, however they were suffering from potential nephrotoxic insults. According to our findings, urinary NEP is indicative of epithelial cell alterations at the proximal tubule. This was elaborated in ICU patients when ghost fragments and NEP+ microvesicles were observed in urinary sediment cytopreparations. Furthermore, NEP+ immunofluorescence of healthy kidney tissue showed staining at the proximal tubules. Conclusions NEP, a potential marker for proximal tubular epithelia, can be measured in urine. This does not originate from leakage of elevated serum levels, but indicates proximal tubular cell alterations such as brush border severing, which can heal in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Pajenda
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karl Mechtler
- ProtChem Facility, IMP-IMBA - Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Protective effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on effector CD4+ T cell induced injury in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172536. [PMID: 28245293 PMCID: PMC5330482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on effector CD4+ T cells or on inflammatory cytokine-induced injury in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiC). Methods First, we investigated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on CD4+ T cell proliferation. Second, we examined the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on inflammatory cytokine secretion or fibrosis in HRPTEpiC induced by inflammatory cytokines or activated CD4+ T cells using ELISA and real-time PCR. Lastly, we compared urine inflammatory-cytokine (IL-6, IL-8) or KIM-1 levels in kidney transplant recipients low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) group (< 20 ng/mL) (n = 40) and normal 25(OH)D group (n = 50). Results Pre-incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells compared to that of Th0 condition (P < 0.05 for each). In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the proportion of Th2 and Treg cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05 for each). Treatment of HRPTEpiC with inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17, and TGF-β) or effector CD4+ T cells resulted in increased production of IL-6, IL-8, or KIM-1 from HRPTEpiC in a dose-dependent manner. However, treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced the level of these cytokines (P < 0.05 for all). Western blot analysis demonstrated that the mTOR/STAT3/ERK pathway was downregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in HRPTEpiC. Furthermore, the concentrations of urine IL-6/creatinine (P < 0.05) and Kim-1/creatinine (P < 0.05) were higher in the low 25(OH)D group than in the normal 25(OH)D group in kidney transplant recipients. Conclusion The results of this study suggests that vitamin D may have a significant role in the regulation of inflammation in allograft tissue in kidney transplant recipients. Trial registration All participants provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital (KC13TNMI0701).
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Eladl MA, M Elsaed W, Atef H, El-Sherbiny M. Ultrastructural changes and nestin expression accompanying compensatory renal growth after unilateral nephrectomy in adult rats. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2017; 10:61-76. [PMID: 28260940 PMCID: PMC5328132 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several renal disorders affect the glomerular podocytes. Compensatory structural and functional changes have been observed in animals that have undergone unilateral renal ablation. These changes occur as a pliant response to quench the increased functional demand to maintain homeostasis of fluid and solutes. Nestin is an intermediate filament protein present in the glomerular podocytes of the adult kidney and is linked with the maintenance of its foot process structure. Structural changes in the podocytes ultimately restructure the filtration barrier. Very few studies related to the ultrastructural and histopathologic changes of the podocytes are documented. The present study aimed to assess the histopathologic changes at the ultrastructural level in the adapted kidney at different time intervals following unilateral renal ablation in adult rats and its relation with nestin. Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups (n=12 in each group). The animals of Group A were control naïve rats, while the group B, group C and group D animals underwent left unilateral nephrectomy and the remaining right kidney was removed on days 10, 20 and 30, respectively. Each group included four sham-operated rats, which were sacrificed at the same time as the naïve rats. Each nephrectomized sample was weighed and its sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin examination, transmission electron microscopic study as well as immunostaining using the intermediate filament protein nestin. Results No difference was found between the kidney sections from the control group and the sham-operated groups. A significant increase in the weight of the right kidneys was noted in groups B, C and D (P<0.001). The ultrastructural adaptive changes seen in the glomeruli of group B were subsequently reduced in groups C and D. This finding corresponded to a similar pattern of nestin expression in the podocytes, which showed significant increase in group B followed by reduced expression in groups C and D. Histopathologic and transmission electron microscopic evaluation of group B showed signs of kidney injury. On the other hand, group C animals showed markedly reduced renal adaptive changes and similar changes were also noted in group D. Conclusion Correlation between nestin expression and the ultrastructural changes confirms that nestin has a role in increasing the mechanical stability of the podocytes in order to enhance their morphologic changes in response to the tensile glomerular capillary wall. However, further studies investigating more remote ultrastructural changes and their relation with nestin expression are needed to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda Atef
- Department of Histology, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Emlet DR, Pastor-Soler N, Marciszyn A, Wen X, Gomez H, Humphries WH, Morrisroe S, Volpe JK, Kellum JA. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2: differential expression and secretion in human kidney tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F284-F296. [PMID: 28003188 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the expression and secretion of the acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in human kidney epithelial cells in primary cell culture and tissue. We established cell culture model systems of primary kidney cells of proximal and distal tubule origin and observed that both proteins are indeed expressed and secreted in both tubule cell types in vitro. However, TIMP-2 is both expressed and secreted preferentially by cells of distal tubule origin, while IGFBP7 is equally expressed across tubule cell types yet preferentially secreted by cells of proximal tubule origin. In human kidney tissue, strong staining of IGFBP7 was seen in the luminal brush-border region of a subset of proximal tubule cells, and TIMP-2 stained intracellularly in distal tubules. Additionally, while some tubular colocalization of both biomarkers was identified with the injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, both biomarkers could also be seen alone, suggesting the possibility for differential mechanistic and/or temporal profiles of regulation of these early AKI biomarkers from known markers of injury. Last, an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion demonstrated enhancement of secretion of both markers early after reperfusion. This work provides a rationale for further investigation of these markers for their potential role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Emlet
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nuria Pastor-Soler
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Allison Marciszyn
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hernando Gomez
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Seth Morrisroe
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob K Volpe
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; .,Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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The First Scube3 Mutant Mouse Line with Pleiotropic Phenotypic Alterations. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:4035-4046. [PMID: 27815347 PMCID: PMC5144972 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.033670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate Scube (Signal peptide, CUB, and EGF-like domain-containing protein) family consists of three independent members, Scube1–3, which encode secreted cell surface-associated membrane glycoproteins. Limited information about the general function of this gene family is available, and their roles during adulthood. Here, we present the first Scube3 mutant mouse line (Scube3N294K/N294K), which clearly shows phenotypic alterations by carrying a missense mutation in exon 8, and thus contributes to our understanding of SCUBE3 functions. We performed a detailed phenotypic characterization in the German Mouse Clinic (GMC). Scube3N294K/N294K mutants showed morphological abnormalities of the skeleton, alterations of parameters relevant for bone metabolism, changes in renal function, and hearing impairments. These findings correlate with characteristics of the rare metabolic bone disorder Paget disease of bone (PDB), associated with the chromosomal region of human SCUBE3. In addition, alterations in energy metabolism, behavior, and neurological functions were detected in Scube3N294K/N294K mice. The Scube3N294K/N294K mutant mouse line may serve as a new model for further studying the effect of impaired SCUBE3 gene function.
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Atilano-Roque A, Aleksunes LM, Joy MS. Bardoxolone methyl modulates efflux transporter and detoxifying enzyme expression in cisplatin-induced kidney cell injury. Toxicol Lett 2016; 259:52-59. [PMID: 27480280 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is prescribed for the treatment of solid tumors and elicits toxicity to kidney tubules, which limits its clinical use. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFE2L2) is a critical transcription factor that has been shown to protect against kidney injury through activation of antioxidant mechanisms. We aimed to evaluate the ability of short-term treatment with the Nrf2 activator bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me) to protect against cisplatin-induced kidney cell toxicity. Cell viability was assessed in human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (hPTCs) exposed to low, intermediate, and high cisplatin concentrations in the presence and absence of CDDO-Me, administered either prior to or after cisplatin. Treatment with cisplatin alone resulted in reductions in hPTC viability, while CDDO-Me administered prior to or after cisplatin exposure yielded significantly higher cell viability (17%-71%). Gene regulation (mRNA expression) studies revealed the ability of CDDO-Me to modify protective pathways including Nrf2 induced detoxifying genes [GCLC (increased 1.9-fold), NQO1 (increased 9.3-fold)], and an efflux transporter [SLC47A1 (increased 4.5-fold)] at 12h. Protein assessments were in agreement with gene expression. Immunofluorescence revealed localization of GCLC and NQO1 to the nucleus and cytosol, respectively, with CDDO-Me administered prior to or after cisplatin exposure. The findings of enhanced cell viability and increased expression of detoxifying enzymes (GCLC and NQO1) and the multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) efflux transporter (SLC47A1) in hPTCs exposed to CDDO-Me, suggest that intermittent treatment with CDDO-Me prior to or after cisplatin exposure may be a promising approach to mitigate acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Melanie S Joy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Stueve TR, Marconett CN, Zhou B, Borok Z, Laird-Offringa IA. The importance of detailed epigenomic profiling of different cell types within organs. Epigenomics 2016; 8:817-29. [PMID: 27305639 PMCID: PMC5066118 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body consists of hundreds of kinds of cells specified from a single genome overlaid with cell type-specific epigenetic information. Comprehensively profiling the body's distinct epigenetic landscapes will allow researchers to verify cell types used in regenerative medicine and to determine the epigenetic effects of disease, environmental exposures and genetic variation. Key marks/factors that should be investigated include regions of nucleosome-free DNA accessible to regulatory factors, histone marks defining active enhancers and promoters, DNA methylation levels, regulatory RNAs, and factors controlling the three-dimensional conformation of the genome. Here we use the lung to illustrate the importance of investigating an organ's purified cell epigenomes, and outline the challenges and promise of realizing a comprehensive catalog of primary cell epigenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ryan Stueve
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ite A Laird-Offringa
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Kalashnikova I, Albekairi N, Ali S, Al Enazy S, Rytting E. Cell Culture Models for Drug Transport Studies. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Wilmer MJ, Ng CP, Lanz HL, Vulto P, Suter-Dick L, Masereeuw R. Kidney-on-a-Chip Technology for Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Screening. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 34:156-170. [PMID: 26708346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Improved model systems to predict drug efficacy, interactions, and drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) are crucially needed in drug development. Organ-on-a-chip technology is a suitable in vitro system because it reproduces the 3D microenvironment. A kidney-on-a-chip can mimic the structural, mechanical, transport, absorptive, and physiological properties of the human kidney. In this review we address the application of state-of-the-art microfluidic culturing techniques, with a focus on culturing kidney proximal tubules, that are promising for the detection of biomarkers that predict drug interactions and DIKI. We also discuss high-throughput screening and the challenges for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) that will need to be overcome for successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, HB 6500 The Netherlands.
| | - Chee Ping Ng
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Vulto
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, CG 3584 The Netherlands
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Gildea JJ, Xu P, Carlson JM, Gaglione RT, Bigler Wang D, Kemp BA, Reyes CM, McGrath HE, Carey RM, Jose PA, Felder RA. The sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe2 (slc4a5) expressed in human renal proximal tubules shows increased apical expression under high-salt conditions. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1447-59. [PMID: 26447209 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe2) is encoded by SLC4A5, variants of which have been associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure, which affects 25% of the adult population. NBCe2 is thought to mediate sodium bicarbonate cotransport primarily in the renal collecting duct, but NBCe2 mRNA is also found in the rodent renal proximal tubule (RPT). The protein expression or function of NBCe2 has not been demonstrated in the human RPT. We validated an NBCe2 antibody by shRNA and Western blot analysis, as well as overexpression of an epitope-tagged NBCe2 construct in both RPT cells (RPTCs) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Using this validated NBCe2 antibody, we found NBCe2 protein expression in the RPT of fresh and frozen human kidney slices, RPTCs isolated from human urine, and isolated RPTC apical membrane. Under basal conditions, NBCe2 was primarily found in the Golgi, while NBCe1 was primarily found at the basolateral membrane. Following an acute short-term increase in intracellular sodium, NBCe2 expression was increased at the apical membrane in cultured slices of human kidney and polarized, immortalized RPTCs. Sodium bicarbonate transport was increased by monensin and overexpression of NBCe2, decreased by NBCe2 shRNA, but not by NBCe1 shRNA, and blocked by 2,2'-(1,2-ethenediyl)bis[5-isothiocyanato-benzenesulfonic acid]. NBCe2 could be important in apical sodium and bicarbonate cotransport under high-salt conditions; the implication of the ex vivo studies to the in vivo situation when salt intake is increased remains unclear. Therefore, future studies will examine the role of NBCe2 in mediating increased renal sodium transport in humans whose blood pressures are elevated by an increase in sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Gildea
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia;
| | - Peng Xu
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Julia M Carlson
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert T Gaglione
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dora Bigler Wang
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brandon A Kemp
- University of Virginia Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Camellia M Reyes
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Helen E McGrath
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert M Carey
- University of Virginia Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Pedro A Jose
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robin A Felder
- University of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Legouis D, Bataille A, Hertig A, Vandermeersch S, Simon N, Rondeau E, Galichon P. Ex vivo analysis of renal proximal tubular cells. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:12. [PMID: 25881040 PMCID: PMC4379601 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental models are inevitably a compromise between accurately reproducing a pathological situation and schematically simplifying it, which is intended to provide both relevance and conclusiveness. In-vivo models are very relevant, but multiple cell-types undergoing various changes may hinder the observation of individual molecular events. Results Here, we describe a method for analyzing and isolating specific cell types from the kidney and studying the phenotype they have acquired in vivo. Using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR, we show that our method is suitable for studying and isolating proximal tubular cells with an anti Prominin-1 antibody. Kidneys are subjected to mechanical dissociation followed by flow-cytometry analysis. Hundreds of thousands of proximal tubular cells are then isolated by magnetic separation followed by direct analysis or primary cell culture. Using our method, we detect phenotypic changes in the proximal tubular cells after renal ischemia reperfusion, and we isolate the proximal tubular cells, with a purity over 80%. Conclusions This method is efficient, quick, simple, and cheap, and should be useful for studying cell-type specific parameters after in vivo experimental studies. It is also a simple method to obtain a specific primary cell culture from any animal strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-015-0058-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre Hertig
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Paris, France. .,UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 6, France. .,Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation Rénale, APHP, Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Eric Rondeau
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Paris, France. .,UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 6, France. .,Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation Rénale, APHP, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Galichon
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Paris, France. .,UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 6, France. .,Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation Rénale, APHP, Paris, France.
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Bouillez A, Gnemmi V, Gaudelot K, Hémon B, Ringot B, Pottier N, Glowacki F, Butruille C, Cauffiez C, Hamdane M, Sergeant N, Van Seuningen I, Leroy X, Aubert S, Perrais M. MUC1-C nuclear localization drives invasiveness of renal cancer cells through a sheddase/gamma secretase dependent pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:754-63. [PMID: 24504508 PMCID: PMC3996672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC1 is a membrane-anchored mucin and its cytoplasmic tail (CT) can interact with many signaling pathways and act as a co-transcription factor to activate genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. MUC1 is overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma with correlation to prognosis and has been implicated in the hypoxic pathway, the main renal carcinogenetic pathway. In this context, we assessed the effects of MUC1 overexpression on renal cancer cells properties. Using shRNA strategy and/or different MUC1 constructs, we found that MUC1-extracellular domain and MUC1-CT are involved in increase of migration, cell viability, resistance to anoikis and in decrease of cell aggregation in cancer cells. Invasiveness depends only on MUC1-CT. Then, by using siRNA strategy and/or pharmacological inhibitors or peptides, we showed that sheddases ADAM10, ADAM17 and gamma-secretase are necessary for MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) nuclear location and in increase of invasion property. Finally, MUC1 overexpression increases ADAM10/17 protein expression suggesting a positive regulatory loop. In conclusion, we report that MUC1 acts in renal cancer progression and MUC1-C nuclear localization drives invasiveness of cancer cells through a sheddase/gamma secretase dependent pathway. MUC1 appears as a therapeutic target by blocking MUC1 cleavage or nuclear translocation by using pharmacological approach and peptide strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bouillez
- Inserm, UMR837, Equipe 5 "Mucines, différenciation et cancérogenèse épithéliales", Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille Cedex, France
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He D, Wang S, Jia Z, Cui L, Lu Y, Hu H, Qin B. Calcium ions promote primary renal epithelial cell differentiation into cells with bone-associated phenotypes via transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in idiopathic hypercalciuria patients. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2199-206. [PMID: 25394514 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the characteristics and cross‑talk between transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) and calcium ions in nephrolithiasis patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying changes in cell phenotype induced by bone‑associated factors and their influence on renal nephrolithiasis formation. Blood samples from a total of 29 nephrolithiasis patients with IH, 29 renal stone patients without IH and 29 healthy age‑matched normal controls were subjected to quantification of peripheral serum TGF‑β1, osteopontin (OPN) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) using ELISA. This was followed by detection of BMP2, OPN and 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor (VDR) mRNA and protein levels in primary renal epithelial cells (PRECs) of IH and HK‑2 human proximal tubular cell lines (control) using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analyses. The mRNA expression levels of BMP2, OPN and VDR in PRECs and HK‑2 were evaluated following stimulation with various concentrations of TGF‑β1 (0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 ng/ml), Ca2+ (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) or TGF‑β1 and Ca2+ combined using RT‑qPCR, respectively. TGF‑β1, BMP2 and OPN expression levels in patients with IH were all significantly higher than those in the control group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2 and VDR were significantly higher in PRECs than those in HK‑2 cells. Following incubation with TGF‑β1 and/or Ca2+, the mRNA expression levels of BMP2, OPN and VDR in PRECs increased in a dose‑dependent manner; however, no significant differences were observed in HK‑2 cells with increasing TGF‑β1 dosage. Co‑incubation with TGF‑β1 and Ca2+ in PRECs and HK‑2 cell lines resulted in similar effects and the expression of BMP2, OPN and VDR mRNA increased in a time‑dependent manner. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that TGF‑β1 regulated the expression of BMP2, OPN and VDR in PRECs, but not in HK‑2 cells. Co‑incubation with TGF‑β1 and Ca2+ significantly increased the expression levels of bone‑associated factors in PRECs and HK‑2 cells, which suggested that this process may be partially responsible for the pathogenesis of calcium stone development, and also associated with bone formation and the TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Jia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Henglong Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Baolong Qin
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Expression profiles of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and disposition in human renal tissues and renal cell models. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:409-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fukami K, Yamagishi SI, Coughlan MT, Harcourt BE, Kantharidis P, Thallas-Bonke V, Okuda S, Cooper ME, Forbes JM. Ramipril inhibits AGE-RAGE-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:86. [PMID: 25143788 PMCID: PMC4138378 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play a role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activation also contributes to DN. However, the pathological interaction among AGE-RAGE, RAS and MMP-2 in DN remains unknown. We examined here the involvement of AGE and RAS in MMP-2 activation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and in AGE-exposed rat renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs). METHODS Experimental diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by intravenous injection of STZ. Diabetic rats received ramipril (3 mg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle for 32 weeks. AGE-modified rat serum albumin (AGE-RSA) or RSA was intraperitoneally administrated to 6-week-old male SD rats for 16 weeks. RPTCs were stimulated with 100 μg/ml AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) or BSA in the presence or absence of 10(-7) M ramiprilat, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme or 100 nM BAY11-7082, an IκB-α phosphorylation inhibitor. RESULTS AGE and RAGE expression levels and MMP-2 activity in the tubules of diabetic rats was significantly increased in association with increased albuminuria, all of which were blocked by ramipril. AGE infusion induced tubular MMP-2 activation and RAGE gene expression in SD rats. Ramiprilat or BAY11-7082 inhibited the AGE-induced MMP-2 activation or reactive oxygen species generation in RPTCs. Angiotensin II increased MMP-2 gene expression in RPTCs, which was blocked by BAY11-7082. CONCLUSIONS Our present study suggests the involvement of AGE-RAGE-induced, RAS-mediated MMP-2 activation in experimental DN. Blockade of AGE-RAGE axis by ramipril may protect against DN partly via suppression of MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Fukami
- />Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011 Japan
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- />Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- />Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brooke E Harcourt
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- />Department of Glycation and Diabetic Complications, Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki Thallas-Bonke
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seiya Okuda
- />Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011 Japan
| | - Mark E Cooper
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- />Diabetes Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- />Department of Glycation and Diabetic Complications, Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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