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Sánchez-Villavicencio ML, Vinqvist-Tymchuk M, Kalt W, Matar C, Alarcón Aguilar FJ, Escobar Villanueva MDC, Haddad PS. Fermented blueberry juice extract and its specific fractions have an anti-adipogenic effect in 3 T3-L1 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:24. [PMID: 28056918 PMCID: PMC5217570 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and Type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic status worldwide. Wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) is a plant of the North American Aboriginal traditional pharmacopeia with antidiabetic potential, especially when it is fermented with Serratia vaccinii. METHODS A phytochemical fractionation scheme was used to identify potential bioactive compounds as confirmed by HPLC retention times and UV-Vis spectra. 3 T3-L1 cells were differentiated for 7 days with either Normal Blueberry Extract (NBE), Fermented Blueberry Extract (FBE/F1), seven fractions and four pure compounds. Triglyceride content was measured. Examination of selected intracellular signalling components (p-Akt, p-AMPK) and transcriptional factors (SREBP-1c and PPARγ) was carried out by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The inhibitory effect of FBE/F1 on adipocyte triglyceride accumulation was attributed to total phenolic (F2) and chlorogenic acid enriched (F3-2) fractions that both inhibited by 75%. Pure compounds catechol (CAT) and chlorogenic acid (CA) also inhibited adipogenesis by 70%. Treatment with NBE, F1, F3-2, CAT and CA decreased p-AKT, whereas p-AMPK tended to increase with F1. The expression of SREBP1-c was not significantly modulated. In contrast, PPARγ decreased in all experimental groups that inhibited adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that fermented blueberry extract contains compounds with anti-adipogenic activity, which can serve to standardize nutraceutical preparations from fermented blueberry juice and to develop novel compounds with anti-obesity properties.
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Aranaz P, Romo-Hualde A, Zabala M, Navarro-Herrera D, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Gil AG, Martinez JA, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Freeze-dried strawberry and blueberry attenuates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Food Funct 2017; 8:3999-4013. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-dried strawberry/blueberry powder might be useful for treatment/prevention of obesity-related diseases as it improves weight, fat and glucose-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Spain
| | | | - María Zabala
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Spain
| | - David Navarro-Herrera
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics
- University of Navarra
| | | | - Ana Gloria Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Navarra
- Spain
- Toxicology Unit
- Drug Development Unit University of Navarra (DDUNAV)
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Spain
- Navarra Institute of Health Research (IdiSNA)
- Pamplona
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Spain
- Department of Nutrition
- Food science and Physiology
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Park MJ, Song JH, Shon MS, Kim HO, Kwon OJ, Roh SS, Kim CY, Kim GN. Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Ethanol Extracts Prepared from Selected Medicinal Herbs in 3T3-L1 Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:227-235. [PMID: 27752499 PMCID: PMC5063208 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we prepared ethanol extracts from Agastache rugosa (ARE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZE), Mentha arvensis (MAE), Perilla frutescens (PFE), Leonurus sibiricus (LSE), Gardenia jasminoides (GJE), and Lycopus coreanus (LCE). The anti-oxidant and anti-adipogenic effects were evaluated. The IC50 values for ascorbic acid and LCE against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals were 246.2 μg/mL and 166.2 μg/mL, respectively, followed by ARE (186.6 μg/mL), CZE (198.6 μg/mL), MAE (337.1 μg/mL), PFE (415.3 μg/mL), LSE (548.2 μg/mL), and GJE (626.3 μg/mL). In non-toxic concentration ranges, CZE had a strong inhibitory effect against 3T3-L1 adipogenes (84.5%) than those of the other extracts. Furthermore, the anti-adipogenic effect of CZE is largely limited in the early stage of adipogenesis, and we revealed that the inhibitory role of CZE in adipogenesis is required for the activation of Wnt signaling. Our results provide scientific evidence that the anti-adipogenic effect of CZE can be applied as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutri-cosmetics for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Park
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- Traditional and Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Shon
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - Hae Ok Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - O Jun Kwon
- Gyeongbuk Regional Industry Evaluation, Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Daegu 38542, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Gyo-Nam Kim
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
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Kang I, Buckner T, Shay NF, Gu L, Chung S. Improvements in Metabolic Health with Consumption of Ellagic Acid and Subsequent Conversion into Urolithins: Evidence and Mechanisms. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:961-72. [PMID: 27633111 PMCID: PMC5015040 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in some fruits and nuts, including berries, pomegranates, grapes, and walnuts. EA has been investigated extensively because of its antiproliferative action in some cancers, along with its anti-inflammatory effects. A growing body of evidence suggests that the intake of EA is effective in attenuating obesity and ameliorating obesity-mediated metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize how intake of EA regulates lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and delineate the potential mechanisms of action of EA on obesity-mediated metabolic complications. We also discuss EA as an epigenetic effector, as well as a modulator of the gut microbiome, suggesting that EA may exert a broader spectrum of health benefits than has been demonstrated to date. Therefore, this review aims to suggest the potential metabolic benefits of consumption of EA-containing fruits and nuts against obesity-associated health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhae Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Teresa Buckner
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Neil F Shay
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and
| | - Liwei Gu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE;
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Shon MS, Kim RH, Kwon OJ, Roh SS, Kim GN. Beneficial role and function of fisetin in skin health via regulation of the CCN2/TGF-β signaling pathway. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:133-141. [PMID: 30263498 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is composed of multiple layers, including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Although several biological activities of fisetin have been reported, beneficial effects and the functions of fisetin in skin remain unclear. B16F10 melanoma cells, human skin fibroblasts, and 3T3-L1 cells were used to examine the beneficial effects of fisetin in skin health. α-MSH- and IBMX-induced melanosis in B16F10 melanoma cells was inhibited by fisetin treatment, which also enhanced mRNA expression levels of skin fibril-related genes via the CCN2/TGF-β signaling pathway. Decreased intracellular lipid accumulation via down-regulation of transcriptional factors through activation of the CCN2/TGF-β signaling pathway was observed. A novel function of fisetin in skin health via down-regulation of melanosis and adipogenesis, and up-regulation of skin fibril-related genes was observed. Evidence for development of nutri-cosmetics for skin health is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Soo Shon
- 1Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - Ryeong-Hyeon Kim
- 1Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - O Jun Kwon
- Daegyeong Institute for Regional Industry Evaluation, Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Daegu, 38542 Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- 3Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158 Korea
| | - Gyo-Nam Kim
- 1Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
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Leopoldo AS, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Nascimento AF, Luvizotto RAM, Sugizaki MM, Campos DHS, da Silva DCT, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Classification of different degrees of adiposity in sedentary rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5028. [PMID: 26909787 PMCID: PMC4792506 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In experimental studies, several parameters, such as body weight, body mass index,
adiposity index, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, have commonly been used to
demonstrate increased adiposity and investigate the mechanisms underlying obesity and
sedentary lifestyles. However, these investigations have not classified the degree of
adiposity nor defined adiposity categories for rats, such as normal, overweight, and
obese. The aim of the study was to characterize the degree of adiposity in rats fed a
high-fat diet using cluster analysis and to create adiposity intervals in an
experimental model of obesity. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were fed a normal
(n=41) or a high-fat (n=43) diet for 15 weeks. Obesity was defined based on the
adiposity index; and the degree of adiposity was evaluated using cluster analysis.
Cluster analysis allowed the rats to be classified into two groups (overweight and
obese). The obese group displayed significantly higher total body fat and a higher
adiposity index compared with those of the overweight group. No differences in
systolic blood pressure or nonesterified fatty acid, glucose, total cholesterol, or
triglyceride levels were observed between the obese and overweight groups. The
adiposity index of the obese group was positively correlated with final body weight,
total body fat, and leptin levels. Despite the classification of sedentary rats into
overweight and obese groups, it was not possible to identify differences in the
comorbidities between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A P Lima-Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A F Nascimento
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - R A M Luvizotto
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - M M Sugizaki
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - D H S Campos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - D C T da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - C R Padovani
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Cicogna
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Lv Y, Xue L, Cai C, Liu QH, Shen J. Deficiency of myotubularin-related protein 14 influences body weight, metabolism, and inflammation in an age-dependent manner. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:69. [PMID: 26697164 PMCID: PMC4687302 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotubularin-related protein 14 (MTMR14) is a novel phosphoinositide phosphatase with roles in the maintenance of normal muscle performance, autophagy, and aging in mice. Our initial pilot study demonstrated that MTMR14 knock out (KO) mice gain weight earlier than their wild-type (WT) littermates, which suggests that this gene may also be involved in metabolism regulation. RESULTS The present study evaluated the role of MTMR14 in the development of aging-associated obesity. We found that aged MTMR14 KO mice fed a normal chow diet exhibited increased serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and glucose levels compared to age-matched WT controls. Lipid accumulation was also increased in aged KO mice. Several inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were dramatically dysregulated in the metabolic tissues of aged MTMR14 KO mice compared to control mice. Circulating inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated and plasma adipokine levels were abnormally regulated in aged MTMR14 KO mice. These data suggest that MTMR14 deficiency caused a late-onset inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Further study demonstrated that this exacerbated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation may be regulated by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our current research suggests that MTMR14 deletion induces overweight and adult obesity accompanied by chronic inflammation in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lv
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Congli Cai
- Wuhan Youzhiyou Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 MinZu Ave, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
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Ströher DJ, Escobar Piccoli JDC, Güllich AADC, Pilar BC, Coelho RP, Bruno JB, Faoro D, Manfredini V. 14 Days of supplementation with blueberry extract shows anti-atherogenic properties and improves oxidative parameters in hypercholesterolemic rats model. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:559-68. [PMID: 26171628 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1064870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of supplementation with blueberry (BE) extract (Vaccinium ashei Reade) for 14 consecutive days on biochemical, hematological, histopathological and oxidative parameters in hypercholesterolemic rats were investigated. After supplementation with lyophilized extract of BE, the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased. Histopathological analysis showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) of aortic lesions in hypercholesterolemic rats. Oxidative parameters showed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and an increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The BE extract showed an important cardioprotective effect by the improvements in the serum lipid profile, antioxidant system, particularly in reducing oxidative stress associated with hypercholesterolemia and anti-atherogenic effect in rats.
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59
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Anti-adipogenic activity of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) extract by regulation of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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60
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Lee IC, Kim DY, Choi BY. Antioxidative Activity of Blueberry Leaf Extract Prevents High-fat Diet-induced Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:209-15. [PMID: 25337590 PMCID: PMC4189509 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Health beneficial effects of blueberry have been well documented. Obesity is health hazard that is associated with metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the effect of blueberry leaf extract (BBLE) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD with or without BBLE for 10 weeks. Body weight, serum parameter, and adipose tissues morphology were assessed. The expression of mRNA associated with adipogenesis was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Results: Administration of BBLE to mice challenged with HFD significantly decreased the body weight gain, the levels of plasma triglyceride (TG) and liver lipid peroxidation, and reduced the adipocyte size and improved hepatic status compared with the group treated with HFD only. BBLE treatment significantly improved glucose control compared with the HFD group. Moreover, BBLE showed an inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation in obese mice together with significant decrease in the lipid accumulation by downregulating gene expression of adipocyte-specific transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferation-activity receptor and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and upregulating the mRNA expression of adiponectin, which are critical for adipogenesis. Conclusion: BBLE suppressed the body weight gain in the HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. Intake of BBLE reduced body weight in HFD-fed mice by 20%. Furthermore, BBLE supplementation significantly decreased the TG level in the liver and inhibited leptin secretion. BBLE supplementation also improved insulin resistance. Therefore, BBLE is a possible agent to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Chungju, Korea
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61
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Bae CR, Park YK, Cha YS. Quercetin-rich onion peel extract suppresses adipogenesis by down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors and gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2655-2660. [PMID: 24634340 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onion peel contains a high amount of quercetin, which has been reported to have anti-cholesterol, antithrombotic and insulin-sensitizing properties. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-adipogenic effects of quercetin-rich onion peel extract (OPE) and to compare it with commercially available quercetin using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. RESULTS Without affecting cell viability, both OPE and quercetin averted adipogenesis, as characterized by dose-dependent decreases in intracellular triglyceride content and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, but the effect was more pronounced with OPE than with quercetin. The mRNA expression levels of key adipogenic genes such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4, aP2 and LPL were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by both OPE and quercetin. CONCLUSION The results indicate that OPE treatment significantly prevents intracellular lipid accumulation via hyperactivation of genes regulating lipolysis as compared with quercetin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Bae
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Humans Ecology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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62
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Abreu AR, de Abreu AR, Santos LT, de Souza AA, da Silva LG, Chianca DA, de Menezes RC. Blunted GABA-mediated inhibition within the dorsomedial hypothalamus potentiates the cardiovascular response to emotional stress in rats fed a high-fat diet. Neuroscience 2014; 262:21-30. [PMID: 24397951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) present an exaggerated endocrine response to stress conditions, which, like obesity, show a high correlation with cardiovascular diseases. Meanwhile the GABAergic neurotransmission within the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is involved in the regulation of the physiological responses during emotional stress. Here we evaluated the influence of obesity, induced by a HFD, on the cardiovascular responses induced by air jet stress in rats, and the role of the GABAergic tonus within the DMH in these changes. Our results showed that consumption of a HFD (45% w/w fat) for 9 weeks induced obesity and increases in baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Moreover, obesity potentiated stress responsiveness, evidenced by the greater changes in MAP and HR induced by stress in obese rats. The injection of muscimol into the DMH reduced the maximal increases in HR and MAP induced by stress in both groups; however, the reduction in the maximal increases in MAP in the HFD group was less pronounced. Moreover, the injection of muscimol into the DMH of obese rats was less effective in reducing the stress-induced tachycardia, since the HR attained the same levels at the end of the stress paradigm as after the vehicle injection. Injection of bicuculline into DMH induced increases in MAP and HR in both groups. Nevertheless, obesity shortened the tachycardic response to bicuculline injection. These data show that obesity potentiates the cardiovascular response to stress in rats due to an inefficient GABAA-mediated inhibition within the DMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Abreu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - A R de Abreu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - L T Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - A A de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - L G da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - D A Chianca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - R C de Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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Auberval N, Dal S, Bietiger W, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Maillard-Pedracini E, Schini-Kerth V, Sigrist S. Metabolic and oxidative stress markers in Wistar rats after 2 months on a high-fat diet. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:130. [PMID: 25960774 PMCID: PMC4424531 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and hepatic complications. Oxidative stress in metabolic tissues has emerged as a universal feature of metabolic syndrome and its co-morbidities. We aimed to develop a rapidly and easily induced model of metabolic syndrome in rats to evaluate its impact on plasma and tissue oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD), and these rats were compared to rats fed a normal diet (ND) for 2 months. Metabolic control was determined by measuring body weight, blood glucose, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in plasma. Insulinemia was evaluated through the measure of C-peptide. Histological analysis was performed on the pancreas, liver and blood vessels. RESULTS After 2 months, the HFD induced an increase in body weight, insulin and triglycerides. Liver steatosis was also observed in the HFD group, which was associated with an increase in glycogen storage. In the pancreas, the HFD induced islet hyperplasia. Tissue oxidative stress was also increased in the liver, pancreas and blood vessels, but plasma oxidative stress remained unchanged. CONCLUSION This paper reports the development of a fast and easy model of rat metabolic syndrome associated with tissue oxidative stress. This model may be a good tool for the biological validation of drugs or antioxidants to limit or prevent the complications of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auberval
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- />Structure d’Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- />Structure d’Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Maillard-Pedracini
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Schini-Kerth
- />Département de Pharmacologie et Physicochimie, UMR 7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, BP60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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