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Hessman J, Atterby C, Olsen B, Järhult JD. High Prevalence and Temporal Variation of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Urban Swedish Mallards. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:822-829. [PMID: 29304312 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacteria present a growing global healthcare challenge. Previous research demonstrates that wild birds harbor extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and may contribute to their dissemination. We aimed to assess prevalence and temporal variation in the detection rate of ESBL-producing bacteria in urban wild birds and to evaluate methods regarding sample handling. Monthly fecal sampling was performed in 2013 at an urban pond in Sweden. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction targeting blaCTX-M. Subsets of samples were analyzed in multiple replicates and without previous freezing. Pond water samples were screened for 12 antibiotics. Out of 813 fecal samples, 47% grew ESBL-producing E. coli, a higher prevalence than in similar studies. Detection rate varied considerably between months, ranging from 4.2% in May to 84% in July, and was significantly higher during warm months. A majority of isolates harbored CTX-M-15 type ESBL. Detection rates were increased by duplicating samples and by avoiding freezing. No antibiotics were detected in pond water. This study demonstrates high prevalence and a previously undescribed temporal variation in detection rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in wild birds. The distribution of CTX-M genes corresponds well with Swedish human isolates, indicating communication between the genetic pools of ESBLs in humans and wild birds. Urban ponds may serve as important natural reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hessman
- 1 Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clara Atterby
- 1 Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- 2 Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala Hospital, Sweden
| | - Josef D Järhult
- 2 Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala Hospital, Sweden
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Atterby C, Börjesson S, Ny S, Järhult JD, Byfors S, Bonnedahl J. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in Swedish gulls-A case of environmental pollution from humans? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190380. [PMID: 29284053 PMCID: PMC5746268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ESBL-producing bacteria are present in wildlife and the environment might serve as a resistance reservoir. Wild gulls have been described as frequent carriers of ESBL-producing E. coli strains with genotypic characteristics similar to strains found in humans. Therefore, potential dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria between the human population and wildlife need to be further investigated. Occurrence and characterization of ESBL-producing E. coli in Swedish wild gulls were assessed and compared to isolates from humans, livestock and surface water collected in the same country and similar time-period. Occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Swedish gulls is about three times higher in gulls compared to Swedish community carriers (17% versus 5%) and the genetic characteristics of the ESBL-producing E. coli population in Swedish wild gulls and Swedish human are similar. ESBL-plasmids IncF- and IncI1-type carrying ESBL-genes blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-14 were most common in isolates from both gulls and humans, but there was limited evidence of clonal transmission. Isolates from Swedish surface water harbored similar genetic characteristics, which highlights surface waters as potential dissemination routes between wildlife and the human population. Even in a low-prevalence country such as Sweden, the occurrence of ESBL producing E. coli in wild gulls and the human population appears to be connected and the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Swedish gulls is likely a case of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Atterby
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Sofia Ny
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef D. Järhult
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Byfors
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar,Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Council, Kalmar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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de Oliveira DV, Nunes LS, Barth AL, Van Der Sand ST. Genetic Background of β-Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Environmental Samples. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:599-607. [PMID: 28378066 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased worldwide. Although antibiotic-resistant bacteria are usually associated with hospitals, there are a growing number of reports of resistant bacteria in other environments. Concern about resistant microorganisms outside the hospital setting highlights the need to investigate mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in isolates collected from the environment. The present study evaluated the resistance mechanism to β-lactam antibiotics in 40 isolates from hospital sewage and surface water from the Dilúvio Stream, Porto Alegre City, Southern Brazil. The multiplex PCR technique was used to detect several resistance genes of β-lactamases: extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemases, and β-lactamase AmpC. After genes, detection amplicons were sequenced to confirm their identification. The clonal relationship was established by DNA macrorestriction using the XbaI enzyme, followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results indicated that resistance genes were present in 85% of the isolates. The most prevalent genes encoded narrow-spectrum β-lactamase, such as TEM-1 and SHV-1 with 70% of the strains, followed by carbapenemase KPC and GES (45%), ESBL types SHV-5 and CTX-M-8 (27.5%), and AmpC (ACT-1/MIR-1) (2.5%). Twelve isolates contained only one resistance gene, 14 contained two, and eight isolates had three resistance genes. PFGE indicated a clonal relationship among K. pneumoniae isolates. It was not possible to establish a clonal relationship between Enterobacter sp. isolates. The results highlight the potential of these resistance genes to spread in the polluted environment and to present a health risk to communities. This report is the first description of these resistance genes present in environmental samples other than a hospital in the city of Porto Alegre/RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Nunes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Afonso Luís Barth
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sueli T Van Der Sand
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and/or Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Yellow-Legged Gulls from Barcelona, Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02071-16. [PMID: 27919890 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02071-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-two (54.5%) out of 132 fecal samples from a group of yellow-legged gulls in Barcelona, Spain, were positive for Escherichia coli producing either extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (51.5%), carbapenemase (1.5%), or cephamycinase (1.5%). The isolation of two carbapenemase-producing E. coli strains is a matter of concern.
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Hurst CJ. Of Ducks and Men: Ecology and Evolution of a Zoonotic Pathogen in a Wild Reservoir Host. MODELING THE TRANSMISSION AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60616-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of disease is that most pathogens are able to infect more than one host species. However, for most pathogens, we still have a limited understanding of how this affects epidemiology, persistence and virulence of infections—including several zoonotic pathogens that reside in wild animal reservoirs and spillover into humans. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) as host for pathogens. This species is widely distributed, often occupying habitats close to humans and livestock, and is an important game bird species and the ancestor to domestic ducks—thereby being an excellent model species to highlight aspects of the wildlife, domestic animal interface and the relevance for human health. We discuss mallard as host for a range of pathogens but focus more in depth of it as a reservoir host for influenza A virus (IAV). Over the last decades, IAV research has surged, prompted in part to the genesis and spread of highly pathogenic virus variants that have been devastating to domestic poultry and caused a number of human spillover infections. The aim of this chapter is to synthesise and review the intricate interactions of virus, host and environmental factors governing IAV epidemiology and evolution.
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Alcalá L, Alonso CA, Simón C, González-Esteban C, Orós J, Rezusta A, Ortega C, Torres C. Wild Birds, Frequent Carriers of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli of CTX-M and SHV-12 Types. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:861-869. [PMID: 26687342 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To get a better insight into the role of birds as reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) Escherichia coli producers, 100 fecal samples belonging to 15 different wild avian species from Northern Spain were analyzed. Cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) E. coli isolates were identified in 16 of the 100 tested birds, which corresponded to 9 animal species (Gyps fulvus-griffon vulture, Larus michahellis-yellow-legged gull, Milvus migrans-black kite, Milvus milvus-red kite, Ciconia ciconia-white stork, Sturnus unicolor-spotless starling, Aquila chrysaetos-golden eagle, Cuculus canorus-common cuckoo, Tyto alba-barn owl). Fifteen isolates harbored ESBL or pAmpC-encoding genes (number of isolates): bla SHV-12 (9), bla CTX-M-1 (3), bla CTX-M-14 (2), and bla CMY-2 (1). The last CTXR isolate presented a -42-point-mutation in the chromosomal ampC promoter. Eleven out of 15 ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates were multiresistant (most common resistance phenotype: β-lactams-quinolones-tetracycline-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim). A plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant (qnrS1) was identified in one E. coli from a barn owl. High genetic diversity was observed among ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates, with 12 different sequence types (STs), including several strains of STs frequently detected among human clinical isolates (ST38/D, ST131/B2, ST155/B1, ST10/A). The ST131 isolate belonged to the emergent ciprofloxacin-resistant H30R subclone. This study reveals a high percentage of bird as carriers of ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates in Spain, highlighting the elevated rate among storks, kites, and vultures. Wild birds can contribute to the global spread of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Alcalá
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Simón
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chabier González-Esteban
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre de La Alfranca, Departamento de Agricultura, Ganadería y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de Aragón, Spain
| | - Jesús Orós
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Carmelo Ortega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Schauss T, Wings T, Brunner J, Glaeser S, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistances of abundant aerobic culturable bacteria in input and output samples of 15 German biogas plants. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1673-1684. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Schauss
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - T.K. Wings
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule; Aachen Germany
| | - J.S. Brunner
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - S.P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - W. Dott
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule; Aachen Germany
| | - P. Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie; Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen; Giessen Germany
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Medhanie GA, Pearl DL, McEwen SA, Guerin MT, Jardine CM, Schrock J, LeJeune JT. On-farm starling populations and other environmental and management factors associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli among dairy cattle in Ohio. Prev Vet Med 2016; 134:122-127. [PMID: 27836033 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wild birds that forage around livestock facilities have been implicated as vectors of antimicrobial resistant organisms. Although antimicrobial resistant bacteria have been isolated from European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), their role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant elements in livestock facilities needs further investigation. To determine whether on-farm starling density and other factors were associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli among dairy cows in Ohio, bovine fecal pats from 150 farms were tested for the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli. Each farm was visited twice (during the summer and fall of 2007-2009). Multi-level logistic regression models with a random intercept to account for fecal pats collected within a specific visit to a farm were used to assess the associations. The percentage of samples with cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli was 13.4% and 13.6%, respectively. The percentage of farms having at least one sample testing positive for cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli was 56.7% and 48.7%, respectively. The odds of detecting cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli in the samples was significantly higher in 2007 compared to 2008 and 2009, in fall compared to summer, and from farms closer than 60km to starling night roost sites compared to the farms further than 60km. The presence of starlings during the day had a negative association with the likelihood of detecting cefotaxime resistant E. coli. Presence of calves also had a negative association with the likelihood of detecting both cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli. European starlings might play a role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant agents in livestock facilities related to their daily population movements rather than the specific density of birds on farm during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genet A Medhanie
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Scott A McEwen
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Claire M Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal and Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Jeffrey T LeJeune
- Food Animal and Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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Atterby C, Ramey AM, Hall GG, Järhult J, Börjesson S, Bonnedahl J. Increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in gulls sampled in Southcentral Alaska is associated with urban environments. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:32334. [PMID: 27649798 PMCID: PMC5030259 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.32334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose challenges to healthcare delivery systems globally; however, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and spread of such bacteria in the environment. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in large-bodied gulls (Larus spp.) at urban and remote locations in Southcentral Alaska to gain inference into the association between antibiotic resistance in wildlife and anthropogenically influenced habitats. Methods Escherichia coli was cultured (n=115 isolates) from fecal samples of gulls (n=160) collected from a remote location, Middleton Island, and a more urban setting on the Kenai Peninsula. Results Screening of E. coli from fecal samples collected from glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) at Middleton Island revealed 8% of isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics and 2% of the isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotics. In contrast, 55% of E. coli isolates derived from fecal samples collected from large-bodied gulls (i.e. glaucous, herring [Larus argentatus], and potentially hybrid gulls) on the Kenai Peninsula were resistant to one or more antibiotics and 22% were resistant to three or more antibiotics. In addition, total of 16% of the gull samples from locations on the Kenai Peninsula harbored extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBL] and plasmid-encoded AmpC [pAmpC]), in contrast to Middleton Island where no ESBL- or pAmpC-producing isolates were detected. Conclusion Our findings indicate that increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is associated with urban environments in Southcentral Alaska and presumably influenced by anthropogenic impacts. Further investigation is warranted to assess how migratory birds may maintain and spread antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of relevance to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Atterby
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew M Ramey
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gabriel Gustafsson Hall
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josef Järhult
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden;
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Agnew A, Wang J, Fanning S, Bearhop S, McMahon BJ. Insights into antimicrobial resistance among long distance migratory East Canadian High Arctic light-bellied Brent geese (Branta bernicla hrota). Ir Vet J 2016; 69:13. [PMID: 27651892 PMCID: PMC5024491 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-016-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the most significant threat to global public health and ascertaining the role wild birds play in the epidemiology of resistance is critically important. This study investigated the prevalence of AMR Gram-negative bacteria among long-distance migratory East Canadian High Arctic (ECHA) light-bellied Brent geese found wintering on the east coast of Ireland. Findings In this study a number of bacterial species were isolated from cloacal swabs taken from ECHA light-bellied Brent geese. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified five species of Gram-negative bacteria; the dominant isolated species were Pantoea spp. (n = 5) followed by Buttiauxella agrestis (n = 2). Antimicrobial susceptibility disk diffusion results identified four of the Pantoea spp. strains, and one of the Buttiauxella agrestis strains resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first record of AMR bacteria isolated from long distance migratory ECHA light-bellied Brent geese. This indicates that this species may act as reservoirs and potential disseminators of resistance genes into remote natural ecosystems across their migratory range. This population of geese frequently forage (and defecate) on public amenity areas during the winter months presenting a potential human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Agnew
- UCD School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Juan Wang
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland ; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland
| | - Stuart Bearhop
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Barry J McMahon
- UCD School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
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Characteristics of CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Multiple Rivers in Southern Taiwan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1889-1897. [PMID: 26773082 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03222-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli sequence type ST131 has emerged as the leading cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections and bacteremia worldwide. Whether environmental water is a potential reservoir of these strains remains unclear. River water samples were collected from 40 stations in southern Taiwan from February to August 2014. PCR assay and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis were conducted to determine the CTX-M group and sequence type, respectively. In addition, we identified the seasonal frequency of ESBL-producing E. coli strains and their geographical relationship with runoffs from livestock and poultry farms between February and August 2014. ESBL-producing E. coli accounted for 30% of the 621 E. coli strains isolated from river water in southern Taiwan. ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 was not detected among the isolates. The most commonly detected strain was E. coli CTX-M group 9. Among the 92 isolates selected for MLST analysis, the most common ESBL-producing clonal complexes were ST10 and ST58. The proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was significantly higher in areas with a lower river pollution index (P = 0.025) and regions with a large number of chickens being raised (P = 0.013). ESBL-producing E. coli strains were commonly isolated from river waters in southern Taiwan. The most commonly isolated ESBL-producing clonal complexes were ST10 and ST58, which were geographically related to chicken farms. ESBL-producing E. coli ST131, the major clone causing community-acquired infections in Taiwan and worldwide, was not detected in river waters.
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Comparison of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) CTX-M Genotypes in Franklin Gulls from Canada and Chile. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141315. [PMID: 26496629 PMCID: PMC4619735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory birds have been suggested to contribute to long-distance dispersal of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, but tests of this hypothesis are lacking. In this study we determined resistance profiles and genotypes of ESBL-producing bacteria in randomly selected Escherichia coli from Franklin´s gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) at breeding sites in Canada and compared with similar data from the gulls' wintering grounds in Chile. Resistant E. coli phenotypes were common, most notably to ampicillin (30.1%) and cefadroxil (15.1%). Furthermore, 17.0% of the gulls in Canada carried ESBL producing bacteria, which is higher than reported from human datasets from the same country. However, compared to gulls sampled in Chile (30.1%) the prevalence of ESBL was much lower. The dominant ESBL variants in Canada were blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 and differed in proportions to the data from Chile. We hypothesize that the observed differences in ESBL variants are more likely linked to recent exposure to bacteria from anthropogenic sources, suggesting high local dissemination of resistant bacteria both at breeding and non-breeding times rather than a significant trans-hemispheric exchange through migrating birds.
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63
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Schauss T, Glaeser SP, Gütschow A, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Improved detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in input and output samples of German biogas plants by a selective pre-enrichment procedure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119791. [PMID: 25799434 PMCID: PMC4370489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was investigated in input (manure from livestock husbandry) and output samples of six German biogas plants in 2012 (one sampling per biogas plant) and two German biogas plants investigated in an annual cycle four times in 2013/2014. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were cultured by direct plating on CHROMagar ESBL from input samples in the range of 100 to 104 colony forming units (CFU) per g dry weight but not from output sample. This initially indicated a complete elimination of ESBL-producing E. coli by the biogas plant process. Detected non target bacteria were assigned to the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Achromobacter, Castellaniella, and Ochrobactrum. A selective pre-enrichment procedure increased the detection efficiency of ESBL-producing E. coli in input samples and enabled the detection in five of eight analyzed output samples. In total 119 ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from input and 46 from output samples. Most of the E. coli isolates carried CTX-M-type and/or TEM-type beta lactamases (94%), few SHV-type beta lactamase (6%). Sixty-four blaCTX-M genes were characterized more detailed and assigned mainly to CTX-M-groups 1 (85%) and 9 (13%), and one to group 2. Phylogenetic grouping of 80 E. coli isolates showed that most were assigned to group A (71%) and B1 (27%), only one to group D (2%). Genomic fingerprinting and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed a high clonal diversity with 41 BOX-types and 19 ST-types. The two most common ST-types were ST410 and ST1210. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 46 selected ESBL-producing E. coli revealed that several isolates were additionally resistant to other veterinary relevant antibiotics and some grew on CHROMagar STEC but shiga-like toxine (SLT) genes were not detected. Resistance to carbapenems was not detected. In summary the study showed for the first time the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in output samples of German biogas plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schauss
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
| | - Alexandra Gütschow
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dott
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
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Báez J, Hernández-García M, Guamparito C, Díaz S, Olave A, Guerrero K, Cantón R, Baquero F, Gahona J, Valenzuela N, del Campo R, Silva J. Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Colonizing the Migratory Franklin's Gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) in Antofagasta, North of Chile. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:111-6. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Báez
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Marta Hernández-García
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Guamparito
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Sofía Díaz
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Abdon Olave
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Katherine Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joselyne Gahona
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Nicomedes Valenzuela
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Silva
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR), is an increasing problem globally. MDR bacteria are frequently detected in humans and animals from both more- and less-developed countries and pose a serious concern for human health. Infections caused by MDR microbes may increase morbidity and mortality and require use of expensive drugs and prolonged hospitalization. Humans may be exposed to MDR pathogens through exposure to environments at health-care facilities and farms, livestock and companion animals, human food, and exposure to other individuals carrying MDR microbes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classifies drug-resistant foodborne bacteria, including Campylobacter, Salmonella Typhi, nontyphoidal salmonellae, and Shigella, as serious threats. MDR bacteria have been detected in both meat and fresh produce. Salmonellae carrying genes coding for resistance to multiple antibiotics have caused numerous foodborne MDR outbreaks. While there is some level of resistance to antimicrobials in environmental bacteria, the widespread use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has driven the selection of a great variety of microbes with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. MDR bacteria on meat may have originated in veterinary health-care settings or on farms where animals are given antibiotics in feed or to treat infections. Fresh produce may be contaminated by irrigation or wash water containing MDR bacteria. Livestock, fruits, and vegetables may also be contaminated by food handlers, farmers, and animal caretakers who carry MDR bacteria. All potential sources of MDR bacteria should be considered and strategies devised to reduce their presence in foods. Surveillance studies have documented increasing trends in MDR in many pathogens, although there are a few reports of the decline of certain multidrug pathogens. Better coordination of surveillance programs and strategies for controlling use of antimicrobials need to be implemented in both human and animal medicine and agriculture and in countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E Doyle
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin
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Moura A, Araújo S, Alves MS, Henriques I, Pereira A, Correia ACM. The contribution of Escherichia coli from human and animal sources to the integron gene pool in coastal waters. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:419. [PMID: 25161650 PMCID: PMC4129628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the contribution of animal- and human-derived fecal pollution sources in shaping integron prevalence and diversity in beach waters, 414 Escherichia coli strains were collected from beach waters (BW, n = 166), seagull feces (SF, n = 179), and wastewaters (WW, n = 69), on the World Biosphere Reserve of the Berlenga Island, Portugal. Statistical differences were found between the prevalence of integrons in BW (21%) and WW (10%), but not between BW and SF (19%). The majority of integrase-positive (intI+)-strains affiliated to commensal phylogroups B1 (37%), A0 (24%), and A1 (20%). Eighteen different gene cassette arrays were detected, most of them coding for resistances to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and quaternary ammonia compounds. Common arrays were found among strains from different sources. Multi-resistance to three or more different classes of antibiotics was observed in 89, 82, and 57% of intI+-strains from BW, SF and WW, respectively. Plasmids were detected in 79% of strains (60/76) revealing a high diversity of replicons in all sources, mostly belonging to IncF (Frep, FIA, and FIB subgroups), IncI1, IncN, IncY, and IncK incompatibility groups. In 20% (15/76) of strains, integrons were successfully mobilized through conjugation to E. coli CV601. Results obtained support the existence of a diverse integron pool in the E. coli strains from this coastal environment, associated with different resistance traits and plasmid incompatibility groups, mainly shaped by animal fecal pollution inputs. These findings underscore the role of wild life in dissemination of integrons and antibiotic resistance traits in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moura
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Araújo
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta S Alves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
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Haque A, Yoshizumi A, Saga T, Ishii Y, Tateda K. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in environmental water in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Infect Chemother 2014; 20:735-7. [PMID: 25103169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes represent a threat for failure of empirical antibiotic therapy and are associated with high mortality, morbidity and expenses. We examined surface water in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh and isolated ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, suggesting the potential role of water for the dissemination and transmission of resistant genes among microorganisms. E. coli found most prevalent among isolated Enterobacteriaceae from environmental water. Molecular and genetic analysis revealed CTX-M-type and SHV-type ESBL genes in isolates that may influence the spread of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria causing human and animal infections in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizumi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tomoo Saga
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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Abstract
Wild birds have been postulated as sentinels, reservoirs, and potential spreaders of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been isolated from a multitude of wild bird species. Several studies strongly indicate transmission of resistant bacteria from human rest products to wild birds. There is evidence suggesting that wild birds can spread resistant bacteria through migration and that resistant bacteria can be transmitted from birds to humans and vice versa. Through further studies of the spatial and temporal distribution of resistant bacteria in wild birds, we can better assess their role and thereby help to mitigate the increasing global problem of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden and Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Josef D. Järhult
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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