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Madorsky Rowdo FP, Barón A, von Euw EM, Mordoh J. In vitro long-term treatment with MAPK inhibitors induces melanoma cells with resistance plasticity to inhibitors while retaining sensitivity to CD8 T cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1367-1378. [PMID: 28098866 PMCID: PMC5364845 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of BRAF V600 and MEK inhibitors constitutes a breakthrough in the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. However, although there is an increase in overall survival, these patients generally confront recurrence, and several resistance mechanisms have already been described. In the present study we describe a different resistance mechanism. After several weeks of long‑term in vitro treatment of two different V600E BRAF‑mutated melanoma cell lines with MARK inhibitors, PLX4032 and/or GDC-0973, the majority of the cells died whereas some remained viable and quiescent (SUR). Markedly, discontinuing treatment of SUR cells with MAPK inhibitors allowed the population to regrow and these cells retained drug sensitivity equal to that of the parental cells. SUR cells had increased expression levels of CD271 and ABCB5 and presented senescence-associated characteristics. Notably, SUR cells were efficiently lysed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing MART-1 and gp100 melanoma differentiation antigens. We propose quiescent plasticity as a mechanism of resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors while retaining sensitivity to immune effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonela Barón
- Leloir Institute, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika María von Euw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José Mordoh
- Leloir Institute, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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52
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Alshehri MM, Robbins SM, Senger DL. The Role of Neurotrophin Signaling in Gliomagenesis: A Focus on the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75 NTR/CD271). VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017; 104:367-404. [PMID: 28215302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, a.k.a. CD271), a transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis family (TNF) of receptors, was originally identified as a nerve growth factor receptor in the mid-1980s. While p75NTR is recognized to have important roles during neural development, its presence in both neural and nonneural tissues clearly supports the potential to mediate a broad range of functions depending on cellular context. Using an unbiased in vivo selection paradigm for genes underlying the invasive behavior of glioma, a critical characteristic that contributes to poor clinical outcome for glioma patients, we identified p75NTR as a central regulator of glioma invasion. Herein we review the expanding role that p75NTR plays in glioma progression with an emphasis on how p75NTR may contribute to the treatment refractory nature of glioma. Based on the observation that p75NTR is expressed and functional in two critical glioma disease reservoirs, namely, the highly infiltrative cells that evade surgical resection, and the radiation- and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor-initiating cells (also referred to as brain tumor stem cells), we propose that p75NTR and its myriad of downstream signaling effectors represent rationale therapeutic targets for this devastating disease. Lastly, we provide the provocative hypothesis that, in addition to the well-documented cell autonomous signaling functions, the neurotrophins, and their respective receptors, contribute in a cell nonautonomous manner to drive the complex cellular and molecular composition of the brain tumor microenvironment, an environment that fuels tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alshehri
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S M Robbins
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D L Senger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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53
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Frydenlund NF, Mahalingam M. Neurotrophin Receptors and Perineural Invasion: Analyses in Select Lineage-Unrelated Cutaneous Malignancies With a Propensity for Perineural Invasion. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:497-531. [PMID: 28215306 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we parse the literature on neurotrophins that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of perineural invasion (PNI) in select lineage-unrelated malignancies. We also detail evidence linking neurotrophins and their receptors (TrkA, RET, p75NGFR, and NCAM) to the pathogenesis of PNI in desmoplastic melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma-both malignancies with an established propensity for PNI. Lastly, the clinical potential of neurotrophins as receptors for targeted therapies is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Frydenlund
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - M Mahalingam
- VA Consolidated Laboratories, West Roxbury, MA, United States.
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Abstract
The link between inflammation, immunity and cancer is well established. In the last decade, there has been considerable excitement over cancer stem cells, believed to be a subset of tumour cells responsible for their initiation, propagation and resistance to conventional chemoradiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the characterization of cancer stem cells and describe their modulation by inflammation with a focus on melanoma.
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55
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Richard G, Dalle S, Monet MA, Ligier M, Boespflug A, Pommier RM, de la Fouchardière A, Perier-Muzet M, Depaepe L, Barnault R, Tondeur G, Ansieau S, Thomas E, Bertolotto C, Ballotti R, Mourah S, Battistella M, Lebbé C, Thomas L, Puisieux A, Caramel J. ZEB1-mediated melanoma cell plasticity enhances resistance to MAPK inhibitors. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1143-1161. [PMID: 27596438 PMCID: PMC5048365 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies with MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi) are faced with severe problems of resistance in BRAF-mutant melanoma. In parallel to the acquisition of genetic mutations, melanoma cells may also adapt to the drugs through phenotype switching. The ZEB1 transcription factor, a known inducer of EMT and invasiveness, is now considered as a genuine oncogenic factor required for tumor initiation, cancer cell plasticity, and drug resistance in carcinomas. Here, we show that high levels of ZEB1 expression are associated with inherent resistance to MAPKi in BRAFV600-mutated cell lines and tumors. ZEB1 levels are also elevated in melanoma cells with acquired resistance and in biopsies from patients relapsing while under treatment. ZEB1 overexpression is sufficient to drive the emergence of resistance to MAPKi by promoting a reversible transition toward a MITFlow/p75high stem-like and tumorigenic phenotype. ZEB1 inhibition promotes cell differentiation, prevents tumorigenic growth in vivo, sensitizes naive melanoma cells to MAPKi, and induces cell death in resistant cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that ZEB1 is a major driver of melanoma cell plasticity, driving drug adaptation and phenotypic resistance to MAPKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Richard
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France Dermatology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon CH Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Ambre Monet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Ligier
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Boespflug
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France Dermatology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon CH Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud de la Fouchardière
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Perier-Muzet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France Dermatology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon CH Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Lauriane Depaepe
- Department of Biopathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon CH Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Romain Barnault
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Garance Tondeur
- Department of Biopathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon CH Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Ansieau
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- INSERM U1065 Equipe 1 Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome Equipe labellisée Ligue 2013 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis UFR Médecine, Nice, France CHU Nice Service de Dermatologie, Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- INSERM U1065 Equipe 1 Biologie et pathologies des mélanocytes: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome Equipe labellisée Ligue 2013 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis UFR Médecine, Nice, France CHU Nice Service de Dermatologie, Nice, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- APHP INSERM U976 Saint Louis Hospital Pharmacology-Genetic Laboratory Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Battistella
- Department of Pathology, INSERM U1165 Université Paris Diderot AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbé
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France INSERM U976 University Paris 7 Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Luc Thomas
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France Dermatology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon CH Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Julie Caramel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Lyon, France ISPB Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Gambichler T, Petig AL, Stockfleth E, Stücker M. Expression of SOX10, ABCB5 and CD271 in melanocytic lesions and correlation with survival data of patients with melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:709-16. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - A.-L. Petig
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - E. Stockfleth
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - M. Stücker
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
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57
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Grasso C, Anaka M, Hofmann O, Sompallae R, Broadley K, Hide W, Berridge MV, Cebon J, Behren A, McConnell MJ. Iterative sorting reveals CD133+ and CD133- melanoma cells as phenotypically distinct populations. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:726. [PMID: 27613604 PMCID: PMC5017126 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heterogeneity and tumourigenicity of metastatic melanoma is attributed to a cancer stem cell model, with CD133 considered to be a cancer stem cell marker in melanoma as well as other tumours, but its role has remained controversial. Methods We iteratively sorted CD133+ and CD133- cells from 3 metastatic melanoma cell lines, and observed tumourigenicity and phenotypic characteristics over 7 generations of serial xeno-transplantation in NOD/SCID mice. Results We demonstrate that iterative sorting is required to make highly pure populations of CD133+ and CD133- cells from metastatic melanoma, and that these two populations have distinct characteristics not related to the cancer stem cell phenotype. In vitro, gene set enrichment analysis indicated CD133+ cells were related to a proliferative phenotype, whereas CD133- cells were of an invasive phenotype. However, in vivo, serial transplantation of CD133+ and CD133- tumours over 7 generations showed that both populations were equally able to initiate and propagate tumours. Despite this, both populations remained phenotypically distinct, with CD133- cells only able to express CD133 in vivo and not in vitro. Loss of CD133 from the surface of a CD133+ cell was observed in vitro and in vivo, however CD133- cells derived from CD133+ retained the CD133+ phenotype, even in the presence of signals from the tumour microenvironment. Conclusion We show for the first time the necessity of iterative sorting to isolate pure marker-positive and marker-negative populations for comparative studies, and present evidence that despite CD133+ and CD133- cells being equally tumourigenic, they display distinct phenotypic differences, suggesting CD133 may define a distinct lineage in melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2759-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Grasso
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Anaka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Holyoke Center, Suite 727W, 1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Sompallae
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kate Broadley
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Winston Hide
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Michael V Berridge
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
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58
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Ngo M, Han A, Lakatos A, Sahoo D, Hachey SJ, Weiskopf K, Beck AH, Weissman IL, Boiko AD. Antibody Therapy Targeting CD47 and CD271 Effectively Suppresses Melanoma Metastasis in Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1701-1716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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59
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Abstract
Over the last decade, the treatment of metastatic melanoma has been revolutionized by the translation of molecular insights into therapeutic benefit for patients. These include advances in immunotherapeutic and small-molecule approaches aimed at destroying cells with immunogenic antigens or gene mutations. Despite these advances, the limited durability of clinical response and eventual disease progression underscores a need for better understanding of mechanisms underlying tumor development. Current targeted therapies are developed partly based on the rationale that tumors are primarily clonal with respect to mutant oncogene or cell surface antigen target. However, with the advancement of cell isolation and transplantation approaches coupled with deep sequencing and mutation detection techniques, it has become increasingly clear that tumors are polyclonal. As a result, sensitive malignant cells are eradicated by treatment while the remaining tumor cell populations are conferred varying degrees of resistance and survival advantages by harbouring or acquiring certain epigenetic and genetic abnormalities. Tumor heterogeneity thus represents a major obstacle to the successful application of current therapies. Gaining insights into the cellular and molecular aspects of tumor diversity will not only facilitate the development and selection of therapeutic targets but also promote the evolution of precision medicine. In this viewpoint, we will discuss the implications of tumor heterogeneity for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and propose approaches to accelerate the translation of scientific discovery into improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Hachey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, CIRM Institute, University of California –Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Alexander D. Boiko
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, CIRM Institute, University of California –Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Correspondence should be addressed to Alexander D. Boiko ()
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60
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Boyle SE, Fedele CG, Corbin V, Wybacz E, Szeto P, Lewin J, Young RJ, Wong A, Fuller R, Spillane J, Speakman D, Donahoe S, Pohl M, Gyorki D, Henderson MA, Johnstone RW, Papenfuss AT, Shackleton M. CD271 Expression on Patient Melanoma Cells Is Unstable and Unlinked to Tumorigenicity. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3965-77. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Demir IE, Tieftrunk E, Schorn S, Friess H, Ceyhan GO. Nerve growth factor & TrkA as novel therapeutic targets in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:37-50. [PMID: 27264679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20years, nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors TrkA & p75NTR were recognized to be overexpressed in the overwhelming majority of human solid cancers. Recent studies discovered the presence of overactive TrkA signaling due to TrkA rearrangements or TrkA fusion products in frequent cancers like colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, or acute myeloid leukemia. Thus, targeting TrkA/NGF via selective small-molecule-inhibitors or antibodies has gained enormous attention in the drug discovery sector. Clinical studies on the anti-cancer impact of NGF-blocking antibodies are likely to be accelerated after the recent removal of clinical holds on these agents by regulatory authorities. Based on these current developments, the present review provides not only a broad overview of the biological effects of NGF-TrkA-p75NTR on cancer cells and their microenvironment, but also explains why NGF and its receptors are going to evoke major interest as promising therapeutic anti-cancer targets in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elke Tieftrunk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Schorn
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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62
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Chopin V, Lagadec C, Toillon RA, Le Bourhis X. Neurotrophin signaling in cancer stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1859-70. [PMID: 26883804 PMCID: PMC11108437 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), are thought to be at the origin of tumor development and resistance to therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of CSC stemness is essential to the design of more effective therapies for cancer patients. Cancer cell stemness and the subsequent expansion of CSCs are regulated by micro-environmental signals including neurotrophins. Over the years, the roles of neurotrophins in tumor development have been well established and regularly reviewed. Especially, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are reported to stimulate tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration and/or invasion, and favors tumor angiogenesis. More recently, neurotrophins have been reported to regulate CSCs. This review briefly presents neurotrophins and their receptors, summarizes their roles in different cancers, and discusses the emerging evidence of neurotrophins-induced enrichment of CSCs as well as the involved signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chopin
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Chann Lagadec
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- CPAC, Cell Plasticity and Cancer, Univ. Lille, INSERM U908, F-59 000, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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63
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Ballotti R. Identification of melanoma initiating cells: does CD271 have a future? Future Oncol 2016; 11:1587-90. [PMID: 26043212 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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64
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Regulation of viability, differentiation and death of human melanoma cells carrying neural stem cell biomarkers: a possibility for neural trans-differentiation. Apoptosis 2016; 20:996-1015. [PMID: 25953317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, melanoblasts, the precursors of melanocytes, emerge from a subpopulation of the neural crest stem cells and migrate to colonize skin. Melanomas arise during melanoblast differentiation into melanocytes and from young proliferating melanocytes through somatic mutagenesis and epigenetic regulations. In the present study, we used several human melanoma cell lines from the sequential phases of melanoma development (radial growth phase, vertical growth phase and metastatic phase) to compare: (i) the frequency and efficiency of the induction of cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis; (ii) the presence of neural and cancer stem cell biomarkers as well as death receptors, DR5 and FAS, in both adherent and spheroid cultures of melanoma cells; (iii) anti-apoptotic effects of the endogenous production of cytokines and (iv) the ability of melanoma cells to perform neural trans-differentiation. We demonstrated that programed necrosis or necroptosis, could be induced in two metastatic melanoma lines, FEMX and OM431, while the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was prevalent in a vast majority of melanoma lines. All melanoma lines used in the current study expressed substantial levels of pluripotency markers, SOX2 and NANOG. There was a trend for increasing expression of Nestin, an early neuroprogenitor marker, during melanoma progression. Most of the melanoma lines, including WM35, FEMX and A375, can grow as a spheroid culture in serum-free media with supplements. It was possible to induce neural trans-differentiation of 1205Lu and OM431 melanoma cells in serum-free media supplemented with insulin. This was confirmed by the expression of neuronal markers, doublecortin and β3-Tubulin, by significant growth of neurites and by the negative regulation of this process by a dominant-negative Rac1N17. These results suggest a relative plasticity of differentiated melanoma cells and a possibility for their neural trans-differentiation without the necessity for preliminary dedifferentiation.
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65
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Lehraiki A, Cerezo M, Rouaud F, Abbe P, Allegra M, Kluza J, Marchetti P, Imbert V, Cheli Y, Bertolotto C, Ballotti R, Rocchi S. Increased CD271 expression by the NF-kB pathway promotes melanoma cell survival and drives acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15030. [PMID: 27462428 PMCID: PMC4860830 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific BRAFV600E inhibitors (BRAFi) are highly effective in the treatment of melanoma. However, acquired drug resistances invariably develop after the initial response. Therefore, the identification of new mechanisms of acquired resistance gives important clues towards the development of therapies that could elicit long lasting responses. Here we report that CD271 confers resistance to BRAFi in melanoma cells. The expression of CD271 is increased by BRAFi through a stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) secretion that leads to NF-κB signaling pathway activation. CD271 is upregulated in a subset of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells. The inhibition of TNFα/NF-κB pathway and CD271 silencing restore the BRAFi sensitivity of resistant melanoma cells. Finally, increase of CD271 expression is validated in BRAFi-resistant xenografts tumors and also in tumors from the patients who relapsed under BRAFi. In summary, these results reveal a novel TNFα/NF-κB/CD271 axis whose activation contributes to the acquisition of resistance to BRAFi and therefore may represent a novel therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of therapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Lehraiki
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Michael Cerezo
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Florian Rouaud
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Patricia Abbe
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Marilyne Allegra
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Jerome Kluza
- INSERM, U837, équipe 4 et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille II , Lille, France
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- INSERM, U837, équipe 4 et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille II , Lille, France
| | - Veronique Imbert
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 4, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M) , Nice, France
| | - Yann Cheli
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France; Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Archet II, CHU, Nice, France
| | - Robert Ballotti
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France; Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Archet II, CHU, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM, U1065, équipe 1, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France; Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Archet II, CHU, Nice, France
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66
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Hadjimichael C, Chanoumidou K, Papadopoulou N, Arampatzi P, Papamatheakis J, Kretsovali A. Common stemness regulators of embryonic and cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1150-1184. [PMID: 26516408 PMCID: PMC4620423 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i9.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells is regulated by a well characterized gene transcription circuitry. The circuitry is assembled by ESC specific transcription factors, signal transducing molecules and epigenetic regulators. Growing understanding of stem-like cells, albeit of more complex phenotypes, present in tumors (cancer stem cells), provides a common conceptual and research framework for basic and applied stem cell biology. In this review, we highlight current results on biomarkers, gene signatures, signaling pathways and epigenetic regulators that are common in embryonic and cancer stem cells. We discuss their role in determining the cell phenotype and finally, their potential use to design next generation biological and pharmaceutical approaches for regenerative medicine and cancer therapies.
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67
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Mukherjee N, Schwan JV, Fujita M, Norris DA, Shellman YG. Alternative Treatments For Melanoma: Targeting BCL-2 Family Members to De-Bulk and Kill Cancer Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2155-2161. [PMID: 25947358 PMCID: PMC4537369 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the first time new treatments in melanoma have produced significant responses in advanced diseases, but 30-90% of melanoma patients do not respond or eventually relapse after the initial response to the current treatments. The resistance of these melanomas is likely due to tumor heterogeneity, which may be explained by models such as the stochastic, hierarchical, and phenotype-switching models. This review will discuss the recent advancements in targeting BCL-2 family members for cancer treatments, and how this approach can be applied as an alternative option to combat melanoma, and overcome melanoma relapse or resistance in current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Josianna V Schwan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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68
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Ahn BY, Saldanha-Gama RFG, Rahn JJ, Hao X, Zhang J, Dang NH, Alshehri M, Robbins SM, Senger DL. Glioma invasion mediated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)/CD271) requires regulated interaction with PDLIM1. Oncogene 2015; 35:1411-22. [PMID: 26119933 PMCID: PMC4800290 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The invasive nature of glioblastoma renders them incurable by current therapeutic interventions. Using a novel invasive human glioma model, we previously identified the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR (aka CD271) as a mediator of glioma invasion. Herein, we provide evidence that preventing phosphorylation of p75NTR on S303 by pharmacological inhibition of PKA, or by a mutational strategy (S303G), cripples p75NTR-mediated glioma invasion resulting in serine phosphorylation within the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (SPV) of p75NTR. Consistent with this, deletion (ΔSPV) or mutation (SPM) of the PDZ motif results in abrogation of p75NTR-mediated invasion. Using a peptide-based strategy, we identified PDLIM1 as a novel signaling adaptor for p75NTR and provide the first evidence for a regulated interaction via S425 phosphorylation. Importantly, PDLIM1 was shown to interact with p75NTR in highly invasive patient-derived glioma stem cells/tumor-initiating cells and shRNA knockdown of PDLIM1 in vitro and in vivo results in complete ablation of p75NTR-mediated invasion. Collectively, these data demonstrate a requirement for a regulated interaction of p75NTR with PDLIM1 and suggest that targeting either the PDZ domain interactions and/or the phosphorylation of p75NTR by PKA could provide therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Ahn
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R F G Saldanha-Gama
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J J Rahn
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - X Hao
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Zhang
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N-H Dang
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Alshehri
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S M Robbins
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D L Senger
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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69
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Rappa G, Anzanello F, Lorico A. Ethanol induces upregulation of the nerve growth factor receptor CD271 in human melanoma cells via nuclear factor-κB activation. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:815-821. [PMID: 26622576 PMCID: PMC4509067 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the most important, and potentially avoidable, risk factors of human cancer, accounting for 3.6% of all types of cancer worldwide. In a recent meta-analysis, a 20% increased risk of melanoma was linked with regular alcohol consumption. In the present study, the effect of ethanol exposure on the expression of the nerve growth factor receptor, CD271, in human FEMX-I melanoma cells was investigated. Consistent with the derivation of melanocytes from the neural crest, the majority of melanomas express CD271, a protein that is crucial for maintaining the melanoma stem cell properties, including the capacity of self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Analysis of CD271-sorted subpopulations and clones of FEMX-I cells indicated no hierarchical organization of CD271+ and CD271− cells. In addition, CD271 expression was lost upon growth of FEMX-I melanoma cells in cancer stem cell-like conditions, while it was greatly increased upon CD133 knockdown or exposure to ethanol. After 24-h exposure to 100, 200 and 400 mM ethanol, the percentage of CD271+ cells increased from 14% in control cells to 24, 35 and 88%, respectively. An increase in the percentage of CD271+ cells was already evident 8 h after ethanol exposure and reached a maximum at 48 h. Ethanol-induced upregulation of CD271 was mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In fact, exposure of FEMX-I cells to 100–400 mM ethanol for 24 h resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in NF-κB activity, up to 900% that of control cells. NF-κB activation was due to a decrease in p50 homodimers, which occupy the NF-κB binding site, blocking transactivation. No effects of ethanol on 9 additional signaling pathways of FEMX-I cells were observed. In the presence of CD271 blocking antibodies, NF-κB activation was not prevented, indicating that ethanol did not target CD271 directly. These data demonstrate that ethanol induces expression of CD271 in FEMX-I cells via NF-κB activation and indicate a possible molecular link between ethanol exposure and melanoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Rappa
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| | - Fabio Anzanello
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
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70
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Schnegg CI, Yang MH, Ghosh SK, Hsu MY. Induction of Vasculogenic Mimicry Overrides VEGF-A Silencing and Enriches Stem-like Cancer Cells in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1682-90. [PMID: 25769726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The basis for resistance to VEGF inhibition is not fully understood despite its clinical importance. In this study, we examined the adaptive response to VEGF-A inhibition by a loss-of-function analysis using plasmid-based shRNA. Tumor xenografts that initially responded to VEGF-A inhibition underwent an adaptation in vivo, leading to acquired resistance. VEGF-A blockade in tumors was associated with HIF1α expression and an increase in CD144(+) vasculogenic mimicry (VM), leading to formation of channels displaying Tie-1 and MMP-2 upregulation. CD133(+) and CD271(+) melanoma stem-like cells (MSLC) accumulated in the perivascular niche. Tumor xenografts of melanoma cell populations that were intrinsically resistant to VEGF-A blockade did not exhibit any of these features, compared with nontarget control counterparts. Thus, melanomas that are initially sensitive to VEGF-A blockade acquire adaptive resistance by adopting VM as an alternate angiogenic strategy, thereby enriching for deposition of MSLC in the perivascular niche through an HIF1α-dependent process. Conversely, melanomas that are intrinsically resistant to VEGF-A blockade do not show any evidence of compensatory survival mechanisms that promote MSLC accumulation. Our work highlights the potential risk of anti-VEGF treatments owing to a selective pressure for an adaptive resistance mechanism that empowers the development of stem-like cancer cells, with implications for how to design combination therapies that can improve outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I Schnegg
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moon Hee Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subrata K Ghosh
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mei-Yu Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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71
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Roesch A. Tumorstammzellen im Melanom. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12584_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roesch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
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72
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Li S, Yue D, Chen X, Wang L, Li J, Ping Y, Gao Q, Wang D, Zhang T, Li F, Yang L, Huang L, Zhang Y. Epigenetic regulation of CD271, a potential cancer stem cell marker associated with chemoresistance and metastatic capacity. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:425-32. [PMID: 25351876 PMCID: PMC4440220 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the cause of tumor initiation, metastasis and recurrence. Additionally, CSCs are responsible for the failure of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The isolation and identification of CSCs is crucial for facilitating the monitoring, therapy or prevention of cancer. We aimed to identify esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stem-like cells, the epigenetic mechanism and identify novel biomarkers for targeting ESCC CSCs. Sixty-three paired ESCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were included in this study. CD271, which was identified as the CSC marker for melanoma, was assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using flow cytometry, we isolated CD271+ cells comprising 7.5% of cancer cells from the KYSE70 cell line. Sphere formation and anchorage-independent growth were analyzed in CD271+ and CD271− cancer cells, respectively. qPCR was used to detect stem-related genes and CCK-8 was performed to analyze the sensitivity to chemotherapy in the two groups. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was used to analyze the methylation status. CD271 expression was significantly higher in ESCC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Compared with CD271− cancer cells, CD271+ cancer cells showed a higher ability of sphere and colony formation, a high level expression of stem-related gene, and resistance to chemotherapy. The expression of CD271 was induced by a demethylation agent. In conclusion, CD271+ ESCC cells possess stem-like properties. CD271 can potentially act as a prognostic marker for ESCC, whose expression is regulated epigenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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