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Chen J, Qiao Y, Tang B, Chen G, Liu X, Yang B, Wei J, Zhang X, Cheng X, Du P, Jiang W, Hu Q, Hua ZC. Modulation of Salmonella Tumor-Colonization and Intratumoral Anti-angiogenesis by Triptolide and Its Mechanism. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2250-2260. [PMID: 28740548 PMCID: PMC5505057 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The weakened tumour colonization of attenuated Salmonella has severely hampered its clinical development. In this study, we investigated whether an anti-inflammation and antiangiogenesis compound triptolide could improve the efficacy of VNP20009, a highly attenuated Salmonella strain, against mice melanoma. By comparing the effects of conventional VNP20009 monotherapy and a combination therapy that uses both triptolide and VNP20009, we found that triptolide significantly improved the tumour colonization of VNP20009 by reducing the number of infiltrated neutrophils in the melanoma, which led to a larger necrotic area in the melanoma. Moreover, the combination therapy suppressed tumour angiogenesis by reducing the expression of VEGF in a synergistic manner, retarding the growth of the melanoma. Our study revealed that triptolide could significantly enhance the antitumour effect of VNP20009 by modulating tumour angiogenesis and the host immune response, providing a new understanding of the strategy to improve Salmonella-mediated tumour therapy.
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yanagawa J, Russell TA, Singh AS, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Intra-arterial administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R regresses a cisplatin-resistant relapsed osteosarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1164-1170. [PMID: 28494180 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1317417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model was established with a lung metastasis from an osteosarcoma patient which developed after adjuvant cisplatinum (CDDP) treatment. In this model, we previously demonstrated the efficacy of trabectedin (TRAB) and temozolomide (TEM) compared with CDDP. In the present report, osteosarcoma tissue was implanted orthotopically in the distal femur of mice which were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3; On day 14 after initiation of treatment, all but CDDP significantly inhibited tumor volume growth compared with untreated controls. Control (G1): 793.7 ± 215.0 mm3; CDDP (G2): 588.1 ± 176.9 mm3; Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) intravenous (i.v.) (G3): 269.7 ± 72.7 mm3; S. typhimurium A1-R intra-arterial (i.a.) (G4): 70.2 ± 18.9 mm3 (CDDP: p = 0.056; S. typhimurium A1-R i.v.: p = 0.0001; S. typhimurium A1-R i.a.: p = 0.00003, all vs. untreated controls). i.a. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than either CDDP (p = 0.00007), or i.v. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R (p = 0.00007) and significantly regressed the tumor volume compared with day 0 (p = 0.001). The new model of i.a. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R has great promise for the treatment of recalcitrant osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- f Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Singh AS, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. High Efficacy of Pazopanib on an Undifferentiated Spindle-Cell Sarcoma Resistant to First-Line Therapy Is Identified With a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude Mouse Model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2739-2743. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Department of Pathology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Chmielowski B, Kiyuna T, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-Targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R Sensitizes Melanoma With a BRAF-V600E Mutation to Vemurafenib in a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude Mouse Model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2314-2319. [PMID: 28106277 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previously, a BRAF-V600E-mutant melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Trametinib (TRA), an MEK inhibitor, caused tumor regression. In contrast, another MEK inhibitor, cobimetinib (COB) could slow but not arrest growth or cause regression of the melanoma PDOX. First-line therapy temozolomide (TEM) could slow but not arrest tumor growth or cause regression. In addition, vemurafenib (VEM) was not effective even though VEM is supposed to target the BRAF-V600E mutation. We also previously demonstrated that tumor-targeting with S. typhimurium A1-R combined with TEM was significantly more effective than either S. typhimurium A1-R alone or TEM alone on the melanoma PDOX with the BRAF-V600E mutation. The present study used this PDOX model of melanoma to test its sensitivity to VEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R compared to VEM alone and VEM combined with COB. VEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than VEM alone or VEM combined with COB (P = 0.0216) which is currently first line therapy for advanced melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2314-2319, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,PDOX Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,PDOX Inc., San Diego, California
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Temozolomide combined with irinotecan caused regression in an adult pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75874-75880. [PMID: 29100276 PMCID: PMC5652670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and recalcitrant, highly-malignant mesenchymal tumor in need of improved therapeutic strategies. Our laboratory pioneered the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model with the technique of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). We previously described the development of a PDOX model of adult pleomorphic RMS where the tumor behaved similar to the patient donor. A high-grade pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma from a striated muscle was previously grown orthotopically in the right biceps-femoris muscle of nude mice to establish the PDOX model. In the present study, the PDOX models were randomized into the following treatment groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, cyclophosphamide (CPA) 140 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 3 weeks; G3, temozolomide (TEM), 25 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.), daily, for 21 days; G4, temozolomide (TEM) 25 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 21 days combined with irinotecan (IRN), 4 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 21 days. After 3 weeks, treatment of PDOX with TEM combined with IRN was so powerful that it resulted in tumor regression and the smallest tumor volume compared to other groups. The RMS PDOX model should be of use to design the treatment program for the patient and for drug discovery and evaluation for this recalcitrant tumor type.
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56
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Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Miyake K, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, DeLong JC, Lwin TM, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. The irony of highly-effective bacterial therapy of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of Ewing's sarcoma, which was blocked by Ewing himself 80 years ago. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1046-1052. [PMID: 28296559 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1304340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
William B. Coley developed bacterial therapy of cancer more than 100 years ago and had clinical success. James Ewing, a very famous cancer pathologist for whom the Ewing sarcoma is named, was Coley's boss at Memorial Hospital in New York and terminated Coley's bacterial therapy of cancer. A tumor from a patient with soft-tissue Ewing's sarcoma, who failed doxorubicin (DOX) therapy, was previously implanted in nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In the present study, the Ewing's sarcoma PDOX was treated with tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R expressing green fluorescent (GFP), alone and in combination with DOX. S. typhimurium A1-R-GFP was detected in the tumors after intratumor (i.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection. The combination of S. typhimurium A1-R and DOX significantly reduced tumor weight (37.8 ± 15.6 mg) compared to the untreated control (73.8 ± 10.1 mg, P < 0.01). S. typhimurium A1-R monotherapy-treated tumors tended to be smaller (50.9 ± 17.8 mg, P = 0.051). DOX monotherapy did not show efficacy (66.3 ± 26.4 mg, P = 0.82), as was the case with the patient. The PDOX model faithfully replicated the DOX resistance the Ewing's sarcoma had in the patient. S. typhimurium A1-R converted the Ewing's sarcoma from DOX resistant to sensitive. One can only wonder how bacterial therapy and immunotherapy of cancer would have developed over the past 80 years if Ewing did not stop Coley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jonathan C DeLong
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Chishima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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57
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Hoffman RM, Singh AS, Eilber FC. Potential of immunotherapy for sarcoma. Cancer 2017; 123:1488-1489. [PMID: 28241102 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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58
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Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Russell T, Eckardt MA, Crompton J, Singh A, Bernthal N, Bukata S, Federman N, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Labeling the Stroma of a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Model of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma With Red Fluorescent Protein for Rapid Non-Invasive Imaging for Drug Screening. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:361-365. [PMID: 27357060 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory pioneered patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models using surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). PDOX models are patient-like, in contrast to the ectopic subcutaneous-transplant cancer models. In the present study, we demonstrate that an undifferentiated pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma (UPS-STS) PDOX model acquired bright RFP-expressing stroma through one passage in red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgenic mice, which upon passage to non-colored nude mice was non-invasively imageable. A PDOX nude mouse model of UPS-STS was established in the biceps femoris of nude mice. After the tumors grew to a diameter of 10 mm, the tumors were subsequently passaged to RFP transgenic mice, and after tumor growth were then passaged to non-transgenic nude mice. Tumors were divided into small fragments and transplanted in the biceps femoris at each passage. The OV100 Small Animal Fluorescence Imaging System and FV1000 laser scanning confocal microscope were used to image RFP fluorescence in the UPS-STS PDOX models. UPS-STS PDOX tumors, previously grown in RFP transgenic nude mice for only one passage, had very bright fluorescence and after passage to non-transgenic nude mice maintained the bright fluorescence and were non-invasively imageable. FV1000 confocal imaging revealed diffusely distributed bright RFP stromal cells in the PDOX tumor, both in RFP transgenic mice and after passage to non-transgenic mice. These results demonstrate a powerful method to make the PDOX UPS-STS model brightly fluorescent for non-invasive imaging, as well as for confocal microscopy of individual stromal cells associated with the tumor. The RFP-labeled UPS PDOX has the potential to rapidly screen for novel effective agents for individual patients, including stroma-targeting drugs, whereby the stromal cells are a visual target. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 361-365, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tara Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Crompton
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas Bernthal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Bukata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
- PDOX Inc., San Diego, California
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59
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Murakami T, Murata T, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Hwang HK, Hiroshima Y, Hozumi C, Komatsu S, Kikuchi T, Lwin TM, Delong JC, Miyake K, Zhang Y, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Cervical Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Is Sensitive to Cisplatinum and Resistant to Nab-paclitaxel. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:61-65. [PMID: 28011474 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a world-wide problem that requires transformative therapeutic strategies. We have previously developed patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse models of this disease. In the present report, we demonstrate that the standard drug, cisplatinum (CDDP), is highly-effective while the new, highly-touted agent, nab-paclitaxel (NAB-PTX) is ineffective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cervical PDOX tumors were grown on the cervix of nude mice for 4 weeks after surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). Tumors were treated with CDDP or NAB-PTX. RESULTS H&E staining demonstrated that the PDOX tumor recapitulated the original patient tumor. CDDP was highly-effective. One tumor that was treated with CDDP completely regressed. CDDP-treated tumors were smaller (tumor volume ratio: 0.42±0.36) than the control group (tumor volume ratio: 3.47±1.66) (p<0.01). In contrast, NAB-PTX did not show significant efficacy on the cervical cancer PDOX model (tumor volume ratio: 2.85±1.45) (p=0.47). CDDP-treated tumor weight (50±50 mg) was significantly less than control (238±114 mg) (p<0.01). NAB-PTX-treated tumors were not reduced in weight (246±136 mg) compared to control (p=0.91). There were no significant differences in mouse body weight between groups. Histological evaluation demonstrated that CDDP-treated tumors were fibrotic with scattered squamous cell nests compared to control or NAB-PTX-treated tumors. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate the power of PDOX models of cervical cancer to distinguish efficacy of potential therapeutics for individual patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan C Delong
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Itaru Endo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R inhibits human prostate cancer experimental bone metastasis in mouse models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31335-43. [PMID: 26431498 PMCID: PMC4741609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent occurrence in prostate cancer patients and often is lethal. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is often used for bone metastasis with limited efficacy. More effective models and treatment methods are required to improve the outcome of prostate cancer patients. In the present study, the effects of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R were analyzed in vitro and in vivo on prostate cancer cells and experimental bone metastasis. Both ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells expressing red fluorescent protien in vitro. To investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R on prostate cancer experimental bone metastasis, we established models of both early and advanced stage bone metastasis. The mice were treated with ZOL, S. typhimurium A1-R, and combination therapy of both ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R. ZOL and S. typhimurium A1-R inhibited the growth of solitary bone metastases. S. typhimurium A1-R treatment significantly decreased bone metastasis and delayed the appearance of PC-3 bone metastases of multiple mouse models. Additionally, S. typhimurium A1-R treatment significantly improved the overall survival of the mice with multiple bone metastases. The results of the present study indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R is useful to prevent and inhibit prostate cancer bone metastasis and has potential for future clinical use in the adjuvant setting.
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Yamamoto M, Zhao M, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Shurell E, Eilber FC, Bouvet M, Noda M, Hoffman RM. Efficacy of Tumor-Targeting Salmonella A1-R on a Melanoma Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude-Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160882. [PMID: 27500926 PMCID: PMC4976963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium A1-R (Salmonella A1-R) had strong efficacy on a melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. GFP-expressing Salmonella A1-R highly and selectively colonized the PDOX melanoma and significantly suppressed tumor growth (p = 0.021). The combination of Salmonella A1-R and cisplatinum (CDDP), both at low-dose, also significantly suppressed the growth of the melanoma PDOX (P = 0.001). Salmonella A1-R has future clinical potential for combination chemotherapy with CDDP of melanoma, a highly-recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Shurell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Spontaneous regression of tumour and the role of microbial infection--possibilities for cancer treatment. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:269-77. [PMID: 26813865 PMCID: PMC4777220 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with the role of microorganisms in spontaneous regression of a tumour. Spontaneous cancer regression is a phenomenon that has been described for many centuries. One of the most well known methods of inducing spontaneous regression of cancer is the application of Coley's toxin (heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens), which has been used for the successful treatment of sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, myelomas and melanomas. In clinical practice, the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for the treatment of superficial urinary bladder cancer is the most common instance of the application of microorganisms for the treatment of cancer. This review provides further information on other tested bacteria--Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Salmonella spp.--in this field of study. Among new age methods, bactofection, alternative gene therapy, combination bacteriolytic therapy and bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are some of the potential cancer treatment modalities that use microorganisms. We have also provided information about the interconnection among microorganisms, immune system response, and the possible mechanisms involved in the spontaneous regression of tumours.
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Hirsch Werle C, Damiani I, Paier Milanez G, Farias AS, Cintra Gomes Marcondes MC, Fabricio Culler H, Palma Sircili M, Leite B, Brocchi M. Antimelanoma effect of Salmonella Typhimurium integration host factor mutant in murine model. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2367-78. [PMID: 27328776 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2015-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate an attenuated Salmonella ihfA-null mutant strain as therapeutic agent to control tumor growth. MATERIALS & METHODS After bacterial toxicity evaluation, C57BL/6JUnib mice were inoculated with B16F10 cells and treated with two Salmonella strains (LGBM 1.1 and LGBM 1.41). RESULTS LGBM 1.1 can reduce tumor mass, but it exerts some toxic effects. Although LGBM 1.41 is less toxic than LGBM 1.1, it does not reduce tumor mass significantly. Indeed, animals treated with LGBM 1.41 present only slightly initial delay in tumor progression and increased survival rate as compared with the control. CONCLUSION The null-mutants of ihfA gene of Salmonella Typhimurium could be a promising candidate for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catierine Hirsch Werle
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Damiani
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Paier Milanez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hebert Fabricio Culler
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Palma Sircili
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leite
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kumar M, Yadav AK, Verma V, Singh B, Mal G, Nagpal R, Hemalatha R. Bioengineered probiotics as a new hope for health and diseases: an overview of potential and prospects. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:585-600. [PMID: 27070955 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.16.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of microorganisms as therapeutics for over a century, the scientific and clinical admiration of their potential is a recent phenomenon. Genome sequencing and genetic engineering has enabled researchers to develop novel strategies, such as bioengineered probiotics or pharmabiotics, which may become a therapeutic strategy. Bioengineered probiotics with multiple immunogenic or antagonistic properties could be a viable option to improve human health. The bacteria are tailored to deliver drugs, therapeutic proteins or gene therapy vectors with precision and a higher degree of site specificity than conventional drug administration regimes. This article provides an overview of methodological concepts, thereby encouraging research and interest in this topic, with the ultimate goal of using designer probiotics as therapeutics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo
| | - Rajkumar Hemalatha
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR Hyderabad, India
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Felgner S, Kocijancic D, Frahm M, Weiss S. Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Renaissance of an Old Concept. Int J Microbiol 2016; 2016:8451728. [PMID: 27051423 PMCID: PMC4802035 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8451728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of cancer cases worldwide generates an urgent need of novel treatment options. Applying bacteria may represent a valuable therapeutic variant that is intensively investigated nowadays. Interestingly, the idea to apply bacteria wittingly or unwittingly dates back to ancient times and was revived in the 19th century mainly by the pioneer William Coley. This review summarizes and compares the results of the past 150 years in bacteria mediated tumor therapy from preclinical to clinical studies. Lessons we have learned from the past provide a solid foundation on which to base future efforts. In this regard, several perspectives are discussed by which bacteria in addition to their intrinsic antitumor effect can be used as vector systems that shuttle therapeutic compounds into the tumor. Strategic solutions like these provide a sound and more apt exploitation of bacteria that may overcome limitations of conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
The present chapter reviews the development of the tumor-targeting amino-acid auxotrophic strain S. typhimurium A1 and the in vivo selection and characterization of the high-tumor-targeting strain S. typhimurium A1-R. Efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R in nude-mouse models of prostate, breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer, as well as sarcoma and glioma in orthotopic mouse models is described. Also reviewed is efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R targeting of primary bone tumor and lung metastasis of high-grade osteosarcoma, breast-cancer brain metastasis, and experimental breast-cancer bone metastasis in orthotopic mouse models. The efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R on pancreatic cancer stem cells, on pancreatic cancer in combination with anti-angiogenic agents, as well as on cervical cancer, soft-tissue sarcoma, and pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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