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Camargo LDR, Doneda D, Oliveira VR. Whey protein ingestion in elderly diet and the association with physical, performance and clinical outcomes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110936. [PMID: 32289487 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is critical to the health of the elderly, since most of them have a deficiency in key nutrient. The use of whey protein may be a food strategy to increase protein intake. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ingestion of whey protein for the elderly and the association with physical performance and clinical outcomes. A systematic review was conducted in order to find papers that shed some light in the correlation between whey protein and the elderly. INCLUSION CRITERIA population: elderly; intervention: use of whey protein when compared to control group; outcome: related to health, nutrition, or quality of life. DATABASE PubMed, with papers published in the last 5 years. SEARCH STRATEGY (elder OR senior OR elderly OR aging OR aged OR old OR older) AND (whey OR "whey protein"). 35 papers were selected of which 22 had a physical performance outcome and 13 had clinical outcomes. Studies indicate that whey protein supplements promote protein synthesis in the elderly, improving muscle performance and aerobic capacity, protecting against sarcopenia and reducing the risk for falls. In the papers studied, the age group considered to be elderly was ≥65 years in 27 papers and ≥60 years in the other 8 papers. Whey protein also appears to contribute to improved health, recovery from disease, prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic risks, and hepatic steatosis complications. Data suggest that whey protein supplements may be promising for the health improvement of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liziane da Rosa Camargo
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Geronthology in the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Divair Doneda
- Nutritionist, Medicine College, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Viviani Ruffo Oliveira
- Nutrition Department, Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Khaltourina D, Matveyev Y, Alekseev A, Cortese F, Ioviţă A. Aging Fits the Disease Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111230. [PMID: 32251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disease criteria used by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to human biological aging in order to assess whether aging can be classified as a disease. These criteria were developed for the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and included disease diagnostics, mechanisms, course and outcomes, known interventions, and linkage to genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Biological aging can be diagnosed with frailty indices, functional, blood-based biomarkers. A number of major causal mechanisms of human aging involved in various organs have been described, such as inflammation, replicative cellular senescence, immune senescence, proteostasis failures, mitochondrial dysfunctions, fibrotic propensity, hormonal aging, body composition changes, etc. We identified a number of clinically proven interventions, as well as genetic and environmental factors of aging. Therefore, aging fits the ICD-11 criteria and can be considered a disease. Our proposal was submitted to the ICD-11 Joint Task force, and this led to the inclusion of the extension code for "Ageing-related" (XT9T) into the "Causality" section of the ICD-11. This might lead to greater focus on biological aging in global health policy and might provide for more opportunities for the new therapy developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Khaltourina
- Department of Risk Factor Prevention, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dobrolyubova St. 11, Moscow, 127254, Russia; International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France.
| | - Yuri Matveyev
- Research Lab, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina St. 61/2 k.1, Moscow, 129110, Russia
| | - Aleksey Alekseev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Apt 2354 Chynoweth House, Trevissome Park, Truro, London, TR4 8UN, UK
| | - Anca Ioviţă
- International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France
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Utilization of Hydroxyl-Methyl Butyrate, Leucine, Glutamine and Arginine Supplementation in Nutritional Management of Sarcopenia-Implications and Clinical Considerations for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Modulation. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10010019. [PMID: 32213854 PMCID: PMC7151606 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While onset characteristics may vary, sarcopenia gradually develops over time as a result of the aging process, leading to muscle loss, disturbance of the muscle to fat ratio, and a variety of negative symptoms undermining the wellbeing, quality of life, and lifespan in the aging population globally. There is evidence that sarcopenia may be a cause and consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the aging population. The importance of nutritional management in the prevention and/or deceleration of sarcopenia is critical, with the main focus placed on the amount and quality of protein intake. Significant efforts are being made towards the development of medical nutrition therapies involving certain amino acids and amino compounds, as well as their combinations, for the improvement in muscle strength, muscle function and protein synthesis. This may reduce hospitalization times and hasten the recovery of patients with sarcopenia. The administration of protocols with varying dose and frequencies, as well as their efficacy, is being investigated. In the work herein, we present and evaluate data derived from human trials regarding the utilization of hydroxyl-methyl butyrate (HMB), L-leucine (Leu), L-glutamine (Gln) and L-arginine (Arg) supplementation for optimal management of sarcopenia in geriatric patients, a topic of significant clinical nutrition interest which may have important implications in T2DM status.
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A Pilot Study on the Effects of l-Carnitine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide on Platelet Mitochondrial DNA Methylation and CVD Biomarkers in Aged Women. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031047. [PMID: 32033285 PMCID: PMC7037757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
l-carnitine supplementation has been used for cardiovascular health protection for a long time. Recently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is an end product of l-carnitine metabolism via the activity of microbiota, has been identified as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 6 months of l-carnitine supplementation in a group of aged women engaged in a regular physical training. Platelet mitochondrial DNA methylation, an emerging and innovative biomarker, lipid profile and TMAO levels have been measured. TMAO increased after l-carnitine supplementation (before 344.3 ± 129.8 ng/mL vs. after 2216.8 ± 1869.0 ng/mL; n = 9; paired t-test, p = 0.02). No significant effects on TMAO were exerted by training alone (n = 9) or by l-leucine supplementation (n = 12). TMAO levels after 6 months of l-carnitine supplementation were associated with higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) (Spearman Rho = 0.518, p = 0.003) and total cholesterol (TC) (Spearman Rho = 0.407, p = 0.026) levels. l-carnitine supplementation increased D-loop methylation in platelets (+6.63%; paired t-test, p = 0.005). D-loop methylation was not directly correlated to the TMAO augmentation observed in the supplemented group, but its increase inversely correlated with TC (Pearson coefficient = −0.529, p = 0.029) and LDL-c (Pearson coefficient = −0.439, p = 0.048). This evidence supports the hypothesis that the correlation between l-carnitine, TMAO and atherosclerosis might be more complex than already postulated, and the alteration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation in platelets could be involved in the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease.
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Hawley AL, Gbur E, Tacinelli AM, Walker S, Murphy A, Burgess R, Baum JI. The Short-Term Effect of Whey Compared with Pea Protein on Appetite, Food Intake, and Energy Expenditure in Young and Older Men. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa009. [PMID: 32072131 PMCID: PMC7016484 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets higher in protein have been reported to improve age-related changes in body composition via increased energy expenditure, shifts in substrate oxidation (SO), and decreased appetite. However, how protein source (e.g., animal compared with plant protein) affects energy expenditure, appetite, and food intake as we age is unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein source as part of a high-protein breakfast on appetite, food intake, energy expenditure, and fat oxidation in young men (YM) compared with older men (OM). METHODS This study used a randomized, single-blinded crossover design, with a 1-wk washout period between testing days. Fifteen YM (mean ± SD age: 25.2 ± 2.8 y) and 15 OM (67.7 ± 4.5 y), healthy adults, participated in the study. Participants arrived fasted and consumed an isocaloric, volume-matched, high-protein (40-g) test beverage made with either an animal [whey protein isolate (WPI)] or plant [pea protein isolate (PPI)] protein isolate source. Markers of appetite and energy expenditure were determined at baseline and over 4 h postprandial. RESULTS There was a significant effect of time, age, and protein source on appetite (P < 0.05). There was no effect of protein source on plasma markers of appetite, food intake, energy expenditure, and SO. After controlling for body weight, OM had decreased energy expenditure (P < 0.05) and lower fat oxidation (P < 0.001) compared with YM. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that a high-protein breakfast containing WPI or PPI exerts comparable effects on appetite, energy expenditure, and 24-h energy intake in both young and older healthy adult men.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03399812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubree L Hawley
- Department of Food Science, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Edward Gbur
- Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Angela M Tacinelli
- Department of Food Science, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sam Walker
- Department of Food Science, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Allie Murphy
- Department of Food Science, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Regan Burgess
- Department of Food Science, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Department of Food Science, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Candow DG, Forbes SC, Chilibeck PD, Cornish SM, Antonio J, Kreider RB. Variables Influencing the Effectiveness of Creatine Supplementation as a Therapeutic Intervention for Sarcopenia. Front Nutr 2019; 6:124. [PMID: 31448281 PMCID: PMC6696725 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle condition characterized by a reduction in muscle quantity, force generating capacity and physical performance. Sarcopenia occurs in 8-13% of adults ≥ 60 years of age and can lead to disability, frailty, and various other diseases. Over the past few decades, several leading research groups have focused their efforts on developing strategies and recommendations for attenuating sarcopenia. One potential nutritional intervention for sarcopenia is creatine supplementation. However, research is inconsistent regarding the effectiveness of creatine on aging muscle. The purpose of this perspective paper is to: (1) propose possible reasons for the inconsistent responsiveness to creatine in aging adults, (2) discuss the potential mechanistic actions of creatine on muscle biology, (3) determine whether the timing of creatine supplementation influences aging muscle, (4) evaluate the evidence investigating the effects of creatine with other compounds (protein, conjugated linoleic acid) in aging adults, and (5) provide insight regarding the safety of creatine for aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Stephen M Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Winett RA, Ogletree AM. Evidence-Based, High-Intensity Exercise and Physical Activity for Compressing Morbidity in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Innov Aging 2019; 3:igz020. [PMID: 31380470 PMCID: PMC6658199 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research in exercise science has important applications for middle-aged and older adults and points to how the programming of individual and multicomponent interventions including theory-based health behavior change strategies may be improved to compress morbidity by delaying or reducing the disabling process. High-intensity interval training and sprint interval training until recently were seen as only applicable to athletes. But recent lab-based research has adapted these interventions for even older adults and demonstrated their safety with beneficial outcomes on cardiometabolic risk factors comparable to or surpassing the usual lower- to moderate-intensity endurance training, and their potential translatability by showing the efficacy of much lower duration and frequency of training, even by systematic stair climbing. Moreover, people report positive affect while engaged in such training. For a century, resistance training was conceived as weightlifting with heavy weights required. Recent research has shown that using a higher degree of effort with lighter to moderate resistance in simple, time efficient protocols result in gains in strength and muscle mass similar to heavy resistance, as well as improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors, strength, body composition, and cognitive, affective, and functional abilities. More effort-based resistance training with moderate resistance may make resistance training more appealing and accessible to older adults. A key potential translational finding is that with correct technique and a high degree of effort, training with inexpensive, portable elastic bands, useable virtually anywhere, can provide appreciable benefits. More emphasis should be placed on long-term, translational interventions, resources, and programs that integrate interval and resistance trainings. This work may improve public health programs for middle-aged and older adults and reflects an emerging evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron M Ogletree
- Health Research and Evaluation, American Institutes for Research, Washington, District of Columbia
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Tarnopolsky MA, Nilsson MI. Nutrition and exercise in Pompe disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:282. [PMID: 31392194 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care for Pompe disease (PD) is the administration of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Exercise and nutrition are often considered as complementary strategies rather than "treatments" per se. Nutritional assessment is important in patients with locomotor disability because the relative hypodynamia limits energy expenditure and thus the total amount of energy must be reduced to avoid obesity. A lower total energy intake often leads to lower protein and micronutrient intake. Consequently, ensuring that Pompe patients are tested for and replaced for deficiencies (protein, vitamin D, vitamin B12, etc.) is an important aspect of care. Furthermore, given the role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of PD and the fact that fasting induces autophagy, it is important that strategies such as nutritional timing and amino acid intake (L-arginine, L-leucine) be evaluated as therapies. Exercise interventions have been shown to improve six-minute walk testing distance by more than what was seen in the seminal ERT study in late-onset PD. Exercise therapy can also activate autophagy, and this is likely another component of its efficacy. The current review will evaluate the theoretical and practical aspects of nutrition and exercise as therapies for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Bell KE, Fang H, Snijders T, Allison DJ, Zulyniak MA, Chabowski A, Parise G, Phillips SM, Heisz JJ. A Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement in Combination With Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Function and Increases N-3 Index in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:107. [PMID: 31143111 PMCID: PMC6521794 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation, with and without exercise training, on cognitive function in healthy older men. Forty-nine sedentary men [age: 73 ± 6 years (mean ± SD); body mass index: 28.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2] were randomized to consume a supplement (SUPP n = 25; 1500 mg n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 30 g whey protein, 2.5 g creatine, 500 IU vitamin D, and 400 mg calcium) or control beverage (CON n = 24; 22 g maltodextrin) twice daily for 20 weeks consisting of Phase 1: SUPP/CON followed by Phase 2: 12-week resistance exercise training plus high-intensity interval training, while continuing to consume the study beverages (SUPP/CON + EX). At baseline, 6 weeks, and 19 weeks we assessed cognitive function [Montréal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)], memory [word recall during the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)], executive functions (working memory inhibition control), and nutrient bioavailability. We did not observe changes to any aspect of cognitive function after Phase 1; however, significant improvements in the following cognitive function outcomes were detected following Phase 2: MOCA scores increased (6 weeks: 23.5 ± 3.3 vs. 19 weeks: 24.4 ± 2.5, p = 0.013); number of words recalled during the RAVLT increased (6 weeks: 6.6 ± 3.6 vs. 19 weeks: 7.6 ± 3.8, p = 0.047); and reaction time improved (6 weeks: 567 ± 49 ms vs. 19 weeks: 551 ± 51 ms, p = 0.002). Although between-group differences in these outcomes were not significant, we observed within-group improvements in composite cognitive function scores over the course of the entire study only in the SUPP group (Δ = 0.58 ± 0.62, p = 0.004) but not in the CON group (Δ = 0.31 ± 0.61, p = 0.06). We observed a progressive increase in n-3 index, and a concomitant decrease in the ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) within erythrocyte plasma membranes, in the SUPP group only. At week 19, n-3 index (r = 0.49, p = 0.02) and the ARA:EPA ratio (r = -0.44, p = 0.03) were significantly correlated with composite cognitive function scores. Our results show that 12 weeks of RET + HIIT resulted in improved MOCA scores, word recall, and reaction time during an executive functions task; and suggest that a multi-ingredient supplement combined with this exercise training program may improve composite cognitive function scores in older men possibly via supplementation-mediated alterations to n-3 PUFA bioavailability. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02281331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Hanna Fang
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Snijders
- NUTRIM, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David J Allison
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Heisz
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Kirk B, Mooney K, Amirabdollahian F, Khaiyat O. Exercise and Dietary-Protein as a Countermeasure to Skeletal Muscle Weakness: Liverpool Hope University - Sarcopenia Aging Trial (LHU-SAT). Front Physiol 2019; 10:445. [PMID: 31133863 PMCID: PMC6524700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of a 16-week concurrent exercise regimen [resistance exercise (RE) + functional exercise (FE)] in combination with, or without, a leucine-enriched whey protein isolate supplement on muscle strength, physical functioning, aerobic capacity, and cardiometabolic health in older adults (≥60 years). Physical activity levels were also evaluated 6 months post-cessation of the intervention. Methods Forty-six, community-dwelling, previously untrained males, and females [age: 68 ± 5 years (mean ± SD); BMI: 27.8 ± 6.2 kg/m2] who completed the trial were initially randomized to one of two independent arms [Exercise n = 24 (E); Exercise+Protein n = 22 (EP)]. Both arms completed 16 weeks of RE (performed to fatigue) (2 times/week) with FE (1 time/week) on non-consecutive days. Additionally, EP were administered a leucine-enriched whey protein supplement (3 times/day) for 16 weeks based on individual body-weight (1.5 g/kg/day). Results As a result of dietary supplementation, protein intake increased in EP (∼1.2 ± 0.4 to 1.5 ± 0.7 g/kg/day) during the intervention. Maximal strength (1RM) values for leg press (E: +39 ± 7 kg, p = 0.006; EP: +63 ± 7 kg, p < 0.001), chest press (E: +22 ± 4 kg, p < 0.001; EP: +21 ± 6 kg, p < 0.001), and bicep curl (E: +7 ± 0 kg, p = 0.002; EP: +6 ± 1 kg, p = 0.008) significantly increased in E and EP respectively, with no differences between arms (p > 0.05). Physical functioning in the obstacle course (E: -5.1 ± 6.8 s, p < 0.001; EP: -2.8 ± 0.8 s, p < 0.001) and short-physical performance battery scores (E: +0.5 ± 0.5, p = <0.001; EP: +0.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.038), and aerobic capacity in the 6-min walk test (E: +37 ± 24 m, p = 0.014; EP: +36 ± 3 m, p = 0.005) improved in E and EP respectively, with no differences between arms (p > 0.05). No significant change was observed for markers of cardiometabolic health (glycaemic control or blood pressure) (p > 0.05). At follow-up, 86% of older adults reported to performing physical activity ≥1 per week. Of those, 61% were still participating in strength- and cardiovascular- based exercise. Conclusion Concurrent exercise (RE + FE) offers a potent method to combat age-related muscle weakness, and our results suggest a high proportion of older adults may continue to exercise unsupervised. However, leucine-enriched whey protein isolate supplementation did not confer any additional benefit in those already consuming ample amounts of dietary protein at trial enrolment. Future trials should utilize a whole-foods approach and investigate the effects in frail and non-frail older adults habitually consuming the RDA of protein, to assess if a higher intake of protein is needed to delay the onset of muscle weakness. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02912130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Mooney
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Omid Khaiyat
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Bell KE, Brook MS, Snijders T, Kumbhare D, Parise G, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Phillips SM. Integrated Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Recovery From Unaccustomed and Accustomed Resistance Exercise With and Without Multi-ingredient Supplementation in Overweight Older Men. Front Nutr 2019; 6:40. [PMID: 31032258 PMCID: PMC6470195 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously showed that daily consumption of a multi-ingredient nutritional supplement increased lean mass in older men, but did not enhance lean tissue gains during a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance exercise training (RET) program. Here, we aimed to determine whether these divergent observations aligned with the myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) response to acute unaccustomed and accustomed resistance exercise. Methods: A sub-sample of our participants were randomly allocated (n = 15; age: 72 ± 7 years; BMI: 26.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2 [mean ± SD]) to ingest an experimental supplement (SUPP, n = 8: containing whey protein, creatine, vitamin D, and n-3 PUFA) or control beverage (CON, n = 7: 22 g maltodextrin) twice per day for 21 weeks. After 7 weeks of consuming the beverage alone (Phase 1: SUPP/CON only), subjects completed 12 weeks of RET (twice per week) + HIIT (once per week) (Phase 2: SUPP/CON + EX). Orally administered deuterated water was used to measure integrated rates of MyoPS over 48 h following a single session of resistance exercise pre- (unaccustomed) and post-training (accustomed). Results: Following an acute bout of accustomed resistance exercise, 0-24 h MyoPS was 30% higher than rest in the SUPP group (effect size: 0.86); however, in the CON group, 0-24 h MyoPS was 0% higher than rest (effect size: 0.04). Nonetheless, no within or between group changes in MyoPS were statistically significant. When collapsed across group, rates of MyoPS in recovery from acute unaccustomed resistance exercise were positively correlated with training-induced gains in whole body lean mass (r = 0.63, p = 0.01). Conclusion: There were no significant between-group differences in MyoPS pre- or post-training. Integrated rates of MyoPS post-acute exercise in the untrained state were positively correlated with training-induced gains in whole body lean mass. Our finding that supplementation did not alter 0-48 h MyoPS following 12 weeks of training suggests a possible adaptive response to longer-term increased protein intake and warrants further investigation. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02281331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E. Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S. Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Snijders
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ken Smith
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Ten Haaf DSM, Eijsvogels TMH, Bongers CCWG, Horstman AMH, Timmers S, de Groot LCPGM, Hopman MTE. Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:298-310. [PMID: 30848096 PMCID: PMC6463466 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day). METHODS A randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67-73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso-caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up-and-Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand-Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention. RESULTS A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆-0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆-0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆-0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆-0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair-rise ability, Timed Up-and-Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between-group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between-group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers. CONCLUSIONS In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S M Ten Haaf
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C W G Bongers
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvie Timmers
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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63
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O’Bryan KR, Doering TM, Morton RW, Coffey VG, Phillips SM, Cox GR. Do multi-ingredient protein supplements augment resistance training-induced gains in skeletal muscle mass and strength? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 trials. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:573-581. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the effects of multi-ingredient protein (MIP) supplements on resistance exercise training (RT)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength compared with protein-only (PRO) or placebo supplementation.Data sourcesSystematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials with interventions including RT ≥6 weeks in duration and a MIP supplement.DesignRandom effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation on fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) upper body and 1RM lower body muscular strength. Subgroup analyses compared the efficacy of MIP supplementation relative to training status and chronological age.ResultsThe most common MIP supplements included protein with creatine (n=17) or vitamin D (n=10). Data from 35 trials with 1387 participants showed significant (p<0.05) increases in FFM (0.80 kg (95% CI 0.44 to 1.15)), 1RM lower body (4.22 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 7.64)) and 1RM upper body (2.56 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 4.33)) where a supplement was compared with all non-MIP supplemented conditions (means (95% CI)). Subgroup analyses indicated a greater effect of MIP supplements compared with all non-MIP supplements on FFM in untrained (0.95 kg (95% CI 0.51 to 1.39), p<0.0001) and older participants (0.77 kg (95% CI 0.11 to 1.43), p=0.02); taking MIP supplements was also associated with gains in 1RM upper body (1.56 kg (95% CI 0.80 to 2.33), p=0.01) in older adults.Summary/conclusionsWhen MIP supplements were combined with resistance exercise training, there were greater gains in FFM and strength in healthy adults than in counterparts who were supplemented with non-MIP. MIP supplements were not superior when directly compared with PRO supplements. The magnitude of effect of MIP supplements was greater (in absolute values) in untrained and elderly individuals undertaking RT than it was in trained individuals and in younger people.Trial registration numberCRD42017081970.
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64
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Oikawa SY, Callahan DM, McGlory C, Toth MJ, Phillips SM. Maintenance of skeletal muscle function following reduced daily physical activity in healthy older adults: a pilot trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1052-1056. [PMID: 30794431 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Older adults can experience periods of inactivity related to disease or illness, which can hasten the development of physical disability, in part, through reductions in skeletal muscle strength and power. To date no study has characterized adaptations in skeletal muscle physical function in response to reduced daily physical activity. Participants (15 men, aged 69 ± 2 years; 15 women, aged 68 ± 4 years) restricted their daily steps (<750 steps/day) while being energy restricted (-500 kcal/day) for 2 weeks before returning to normal activity levels during recovery (RC; 1 week). Before and after each phase, measures of knee extensor isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), time-to-peak torque, and physical function were performed and muscle biopsies were taken from a subset of participants. Following the energy restriction and step-reduction phase (ER+SR), MVC was reduced by 9.1 and 6.1 Nm in men and women, respectively (p = 0.02), which returned to baseline after RC in men, but not women (p = 0.046). Maximum isometric tension in MHC IIA fibres (p < 0.01) and maximum power production in MHC I and IIA (p = 0.05) were increased by 14%, 25%, and 10%, respectively, following ER+SR. Reductions in muscle strength could not be explained by changes in single muscle fibre function in a subsample (n = 9 men) of volunteers. These data highlight the resilience of physical function in healthy older men in the face of an acute period of ER+SR and demonstrate sex-based differences in the ability to recover muscle strength upon resumption of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Oikawa
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Damien M Callahan
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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65
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Liao Y, Peng Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Nüssler AK, Bao W, Liu L, Yang W. Prospective Views for Whey Protein and/or Resistance Training Against Age-related Sarcopenia. Aging Dis 2019; 10:157-173. [PMID: 30705776 PMCID: PMC6345331 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is characterized by decline in skeletal muscle mass and function along with growing age, which consequently leads to age-related sarcopenia, if without any preventive timely treatment. Moreover, age-related sarcopenia in elder people would contribute to falls and fractures, disability, poor quality of life, increased use of hospital services and even mortality. Whey protein (WP) and/or resistance training (RT) has shown promise in preventing and treating age-related sarcopenia. It seems that sex hormones could be potential contributors for gender differences in skeletal muscle and age-related sarcopenia. In addition, skeletal muscle and the development of sarcopenia are influenced by gut microbiota, which in turn is affected by WP or RT. Gut microbiota may be a key factor for WP and/or RT against age-related sarcopenia. Therefore, focusing on sex hormones and gut microbiota may do great help for preventing, treating and better understanding age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liao
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- 3Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wei Bao
- 4Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Liegang Liu
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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66
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Allison DJ, Nederveen JP, Snijders T, Bell KE, Kumbhare D, Phillips SM, Parise G, Heisz JJ. Exercise training impacts skeletal muscle gene expression related to the kynurenine pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C444-C448. [PMID: 30649918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00448.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise positively impacts mood and symptoms of depression; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Recent evidence highlights a potential role for skeletal muscle-derived transcription factors to influence tryptophan metabolism, along the kynurenine pathway, which has important implications in depression. This has important consequences for older adults, whose age-related muscle deterioration may influence this pathway and may increase their risk for depression. Although exercise training has been shown to improve skeletal muscle mass in older adults, whether this also translates into improvements in transcription factors and metabolites related to the kynurenine pathway has yet to be examined. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a 12-wk exercise program on skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors, kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) gene expression, and plasma concentrations of tryptophan metabolites (kynurenines) in healthy older men over 65 yr of age. Exercise training significantly increased skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ: 1.77, 1.99, 2.18-fold increases, respectively, P < 0.01] and KAT isoforms 1-4 (6.5, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.6-fold increases, respectively, P ≤ 0.01). Concentrations of plasma kynurenines were not altered. These results demonstrate that 12 wk of exercise training significantly altered skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors and gene expression related to the kynurenine pathway, but not circulating kynurenine metabolites in older men. These findings warrant future research to determine whether distinct exercise modalities or varying intensities could induce a shift in the kynurenine pathway in depressed older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Allison
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Heath Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jennifer J Heisz
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
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67
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Negro M, Perna S, Spadaccini D, Castelli L, Calanni L, Barbero M, Cescon C, Rondanelli M, D'Antona G. Effects of 12 Weeks of Essential Amino Acids (EAA)-Based Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, Muscle Power and Fatigue in Healthy Elderly Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:414-424. [PMID: 31021358 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To counteract muscle mass, muscle strength and power loss during aging, and to study age-related change of neuromuscular manifestation of fatigue in relation to nutritional supplementation. DESIGN randomized controlled double-blind study. SETTING Twice-daily consumption for 12 weeks of an Essential Amino Acids (EAA)-based multi-ingredient nutritional supplement containing EAA, creatine, vitamin D and Muscle Restore Complex®. PARTICIPANTS 38 healthy elderly subjects (8 male, 30 female; age: 68.91±4.60 years; body weight: 69.40±15.58 kg; height: 1.60±0.09 m) were randomized and allocated in supplement (SUPP) or placebo (PLA) group. Mean Measurements: Vitamin D blood level; Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM); Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT); Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and Peak Power (PP); myoelectric descriptors of fatigue: Fractal Dimension and Conduction Velocity initial values (FD iv, CV iv), their rates of change (FD slopes, CV slopes) and the Time to perform the Task (TtT). Mean Results: Significant changes were found in SUPP compared to baseline: Vitamin D (+8.73 ng/ml; p<0.001); ALM (+0.34 kg; p<0.001); VAT (-76.25 g; p<0.001); MVC (+0.52 kg; p<0.001); PP (+4.82 W; p<0.001). Between group analysis (SUPP Vs. PLA) showed improvements: vitamin D blood levels (+11,72 ng/ml; p<0.001); Legs FFM (+443.7 g; p<0.05); ALM (+0.53 kg; p<0.05); MVC (+1.38 kg; p<0.05); PP (+9.87 W; p<0.05). No statistical changes were found for FD iv, CV iv, FD and CV slopes and TtT, either compared to baseline or between groups. Significant correlations between mean differences in SUPP group were also found. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that in healthy elderly subjects an EAA-based multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation of 12 weeks is not effective to change myoelectric manifestation of fatigue and TtT failure but can positively affect muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle power and VAT, counterbalancing more than one year of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Negro
- Giuseppe D'Antona, CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy,
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68
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Snijders T, Nederveen JP, Bell KE, Lau SW, Mazara N, Kumbhare DA, Phillips SM, Parise G. Prolonged exercise training improves the acute type II muscle fibre satellite cell response in healthy older men. J Physiol 2018; 597:105-119. [PMID: 30370532 DOI: 10.1113/jp276260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells, play a crucial role in repair and remodelling of muscle in response to exercise An age-related decline in satellite cell number and/or function has been hypothesized to be a key factor in the development of sarcopenia and/or the blunted muscle fibre adaptive response to prolonged exercise training in older persons We report that performing prolonged exercise training improves the acute type II muscle fibre satellite cell response following a single bout of resistance exercise in older men. The observed improvement in muscle satellite function is associated with an increase in muscle fibre capillarization following exercise training suggesting a possible functional link between capillarization and satellite cell function. ABSTRACT Age-related type II muscle fibre atrophy is accompanied by a fibre type-specific decline in satellite cell number and function. Exercise training restores satellite cell quantity in older adults; however, whether it can restore the impaired satellite cell response to exercise in older adults remains unknown. Therefore we assessed the acute satellite cell response to a single exercise session before and after prolonged exercise training in older men. Fourteen older men (74 ± 8 years) participated in a 12-week exercise training programme (resistance exercise performed twice per week, high intensity interval training once per week). Before and after training, percutaneous biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were taken prior to and following 24 and 48 h of post-exercise recovery. Muscle fibre characteristics were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Whereas no changes were observed in type II muscle fibres, type I muscle fibre satellite cell content increased significantly at 24 and 48 h after a single bout of resistance exercise before the exercise training programme (P < 0.01). Following the exercise training programme, both type I and type II muscle fibre satellite cell content increased significantly at 24 and 48 h after a single bout of resistance exercise (P < 0.05). The greater acute increase in type II muscle fibre satellite cell content at 24 h post-exercise recovery after training was correlated with an increase in type II muscle fibre capillarization (r = 0.671, P = 0.012). We show that the acute muscle satellite cell response following exercise can be improved by prolonged exercise training in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1.,Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Kirsten E Bell
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Sean W Lau
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Nicole Mazara
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Dinesh A Kumbhare
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2A2
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
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69
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Ten Haaf DSM, Nuijten MAH, Maessen MFH, Horstman AMH, Eijsvogels TMH, Hopman MTE. Effects of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1043-1059. [PMID: 30475963 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing protein intake has been suggested as an effective strategy to ameliorate age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Current reviews assessing the effect of protein supplementation are strongly influenced by the inclusion of studies with frail older adults. Objectives We assessed the effect of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in exclusively nonfrail community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, we assessed the superior effects of protein supplementation during concomitant resistance exercise training on muscle characteristics. Design A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to 15 May 2018. We included randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle thigh cross-sectional area, muscle strength, gait speed, and chair-rise ability and performed random-effects meta-analyses. Results Data from 36 studies with 1682 participants showed no significant effects of protein supplementation on changes in lean body mass [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.11; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.28], handgrip strength (SMD: 0.58; 95% CI: -0.08, 1.24), lower extremity muscle strength (SMD: 0.03; 95% CI: -0.20, 0.27), gait speed (SMD: 0.41; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.85), or chair-rise ability (SMD: 0.10; 95%: CI -0.08, 0.28) compared with a control condition in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, no superior effects of protein supplementation were found during concomitant resistance exercise training on muscle characteristics. Conclusions Protein supplementation in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults does not lead to increases in lean body mass, muscle cross-sectional area, muscle strength, or physical performance compared with control conditions; nor does it exert superior effects when added to resistance exercise training. Habitual protein intakes of most study participants were already sufficient, and protein interventions differed in terms of type of protein, amount, and timing. Future research should clarify what specific protein supplementation protocol is beneficial for nonfrail community-dwelling older adults with low habitual protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S M Ten Haaf
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Malou A H Nuijten
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn F H Maessen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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70
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Xiao Y, Qi PX, Wickham ED. Interactions, induced by heating, of whey protein isolate (WPI) with sugar beet pectin (SBP) in solution: Comparisons with a dry-state Maillard reaction. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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71
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Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:637-646. [PMID: 29431561 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.
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72
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Tessier AJ, Chevalier S. An Update on Protein, Leucine, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin D in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia and Functional Decline. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1099. [PMID: 30115829 PMCID: PMC6116139 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with sarcopenia and functional decline, leading to frailty and disability. As a modifiable risk factor, nutrition may represent a target for preventing or postponing the onset of these geriatric conditions. Among nutrients, high-quality protein, leucine, vitamin D, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are of particular interest for their demonstrated effects on skeletal muscle health. This narrative review aims to examine the recent observational and interventional evidence on the associations and the role of these nutrients in the muscle mass, strength, mobility, and physical function of free-living older adults, who are either healthy or at risk of frailty. Recent evidence supports a higher protein intake recommendation of 1.0⁻1.2 g/kg/day in healthy older adults; an evenly distributed mealtime protein intake or minimal protein per meal may be beneficial. In addition, vitamin D supplementation of 800⁻1000 IU, particularly when vitamin D status is low, and doses of ~3 g/day of n-3 PUFA may be favorable for physical function, muscle mass, and strength. Reviewed studies are highly heterogenous, yet the quantity, quality, and timing of intakes should be considered when designing intervention studies. Combined protein, leucine, vitamin D, and n-3 PUFA supplements may convey added benefits and may represent an intervention strategy in the prevention of sarcopenia and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Julie Tessier
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
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73
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What Is the Role of Nutritional Supplements in Support of Total Hip Replacement and Total Knee Replacement Surgeries? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070820. [PMID: 29941852 PMCID: PMC6073268 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements can influence outcomes for individuals undergoing major surgery, particularly in older persons whose functional reserve is limited. Accelerating recovery from total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) may offer significant benefits. Therefore, we explored the role of nutritional supplements in improving recovery following THR and TKR. A systematic review was conducted to source randomized clinical trials that tested nutritional supplements in cohorts of THR or TKR patients. Our search yielded nine relevant trials. Intake of a carbohydrate-containing fluid is reported to improve insulin-like growth factor levels, reduce hunger, nausea, and length of stay, and attenuate the decrease in whole-body insulin sensitivity and endogenous glucose release. Amino acid supplementation is reported to reduce muscle atrophy and accelerate return of functional mobility. One paper reported a suppressive effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine supplementation on muscle strength loss following TKR. There is limited evidence for nutritional supplementation in THR and TKR pathways; however, the low risk profile and potential benefits to adjunctive treatment methods, such as exercise programs, suggest nutritional supplements may have a role. Optimizing nutritional status pre-operatively may help manage the surgical stress response, with a particular benefit for undernourished, frail, or elderly individuals.
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Snijders T, Bell KE, Nederveen JP, Saddler NI, Mazara N, Kumbhare DA, Phillips SM, Parise G. Ingestion of a Multi-Ingredient Supplement Does Not Alter Exercise-Induced Satellite Cell Responses in Older Men. J Nutr 2018; 148:891-899. [PMID: 29878269 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional supplementation can have beneficial effects on body composition, strength, and function in older adults. However, whether the response of satellite cells can be altered by nutritional supplementation in older adults remains unknown. Objective We assessed whether a multi-ingredient protein-based supplement taken over a prolonged period of time could alter the muscle satellite cell response after exercise in older men. Methods Twenty-seven older men [mean ± SD age: 73 ± 1 y; mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2): 28 ± 1] participated in a randomized double-blind experiment. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental (EXP) group (n = 13) who consumed a multi-ingredient protein-based supplement [30 g whey protein, 2.5 g creatine, 500 IU vitamin D, 400 mg Ca, and 1500 mg n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids] 2 times/d for 7 wk or a control (CON; 22 g maltodextrin) group (n = 14). After 7 wk of supplementation, all participants performed a single resistance exercise session, and muscle biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis before and 24 and 48 h after exercise. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the change in type I and II muscle fiber satellite cell content and activation status of the cells. In addition, mRNA expression of the myogenic regulatory factors was determined by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results In response to the single bout of exercise, type I muscle fiber satellite cell content was significantly increased at 24 h (0.132 ± 0.015 and 0.131 ± 0.011 satellite cells/fiber in CON and EXP groups, respectively) and 48 h (0.126 ± 0.010 and 0.120 ± 0.012 satellite cells/fiber in CON and EXP groups, respectively) compared with pre-exercise (0.092 ± 0.007 and 0.118 ± 0.017 satellite cells/fiber in CON and EXP groups, respectively) muscle biopsy samples (P < 0.01), with no difference between the 2 groups. In both groups, we observed no significant changes in type II muscle fiber satellite cell content after exercise. Conclusion Ingesting a multi-ingredient protein-based supplement for 7 wk did not alter the type I or II muscle fiber satellite cell response during postexercise recovery in older men. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02281331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bell
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nelson I Saddler
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Mazara
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dinesh A Kumbhare
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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75
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Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation Pre- or Post-Resistance Training on Muscle Mass, Muscular Strength, and Functional Capacity in Pre-Conditioned Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050563. [PMID: 29751507 PMCID: PMC5986443 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with sarcopenia and dynapenia, with both processes contributing to functional dependence and mortality in older adults. Resistance training (RT) and increased protein intake are strategies that may contribute to health improvements in older adults. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation consumed either immediately pre- or post-RT on skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscular strength, and functional capacity in pre-conditioned older women. Seventy older women participated in this investigation and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: whey protein pre-RT and placebo post-RT (WP-PLA, n = 24), placebo pre-RT and whey protein post-RT (PLA-WP, n = 23), and placebo pre- and post-RT (PLA-PLA, n = 23). Each group ingested 35 g of WP or PLA. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks (three times per week; 3 × 8⁻12 repetition maximum). Body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and dietary intake were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures, with baseline scores as covariates were used for data analysis. A time vs. group interaction (p < 0.05) was observed with WP-PLA and PLA-WP presenting greater increases compared with PLA-PLA for SMM (WP-PLA = 3.4%; PLA-WP = 4.2%; PLA-PLA = 2.0%), strength (WP-PLA = 8.1%; PLA-WP = 8.3%; PLA-PLA = 7.0%), and the 10-m walk test (WP-PLA = −10.8%; PLA-WP = −11.8%; PLA-PLA = −4.3%). Whey protein supplementation was effective in promoting increases in SMM, muscular strength, and functional capacity in pre-conditioned older women, regardless of supplementation timing. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03247192.
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76
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Fingeret M, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P. No association between vitamin C and E supplementation and grip strength over 5 years: the Colaus study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:609-617. [PMID: 29484474 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between self-reported vitamin C + E dietary supplementation and markers of grip strength and frailty in community-dwelling Swiss adults. METHODS Population-based study including 3277 participants (1722 women) aged 40-80 years at baseline. The associations between vitamin C + E dietary supplementation and grip strength were examined cross-sectionally and after a follow-up of 5.2 years on average. RESULTS There were 253 (7.7%) self-reported vitamin C + E supplement users. Female users had significantly lower grip strength than non-users (average ± standard deviation: 24.3 ± 6.1 versus 25.6 ± 6.1 kg, respectively). However, the association disappeared after multivariate adjustment (24.7 ± 0.5 versus 25.6 ± 0.1 kg, for users versus non-users, respectively). No differences were found in men regarding grip strength. No differences were found in the highest quintile of grip strength or prevalence of low grip strengthin in users versus non-users during cross-sectional analysis for both genders. After 5.2 years of follow-up, no associations were found between vitamin C + E supplementation and change in grip strength for raw values (difference between baseline and follow-up: 1.2 ± 5.0 versus 0.4 ± 5.2 kg for female and 0.6 ± 6.5 versus 1.1 ± 6.8 kg for male users and non-users, respectively) or after multivariable adjustment (1.2 ± 0.5 versus 0.4 ± 0.1 kg for female and 0.6 ± 0.8 versus 1.1 ± 0.2 kg for male users and non-users, respectively) when taking baseline vitamin C + E supplementation into account. No association was also found for incidence of low grip strength. CONCLUSION In a sample of community-dwelling Swiss adults, vitamin C + E supplementation neither improved grip strength nor prevented low-grip strength over a 5-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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77
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Münzer T. [Doping with illegal and legal substances in old age]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 51:149-151. [PMID: 29305652 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The number of old persons who participate in sports and can even achieve peak performances is increasing steadily. Normal aging, however, is associated with decreased muscle strength and a decline in cardiovascular endurance even in those persons who regularly participate in sports. Thus, it seems obvious to impact on muscle mass and muscle strength by using anabolic substances. The number of older persons who illegally use doping substances is currently unknown. Besides classical anabolic drugs, other proteins and amino acids are used to impact on muscle mass or strength. This article provides some insights into clinical trials of classical anabolic drugs in older persons and gives an overview on more recent studies examining the potential effects of taurine, creatine and whey protein in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzer
- Geriatrische Klinik St. Gallen, Rorschacherstr. 94, 9000, St. Gallen, Schweiz.
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78
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Bell KE, Snijders T, Zulyniak MA, Kumbhare D, Parise G, Chabowski A, Phillips SM. A multi-ingredient nutritional supplement enhances exercise training-related reductions in markers of systemic inflammation in healthy older men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:299-302. [PMID: 29106814 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether twice-daily consumption of a multi-ingredient nutritional supplement (SUPP) would reduce systemic inflammatory markers following 6 weeks of supplementation alone (phase 1), and the subsequent addition of 12 weeks of exercise training (phase 2) in healthy older men, in comparison with a carbohydrate-based control (CON). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were progressively reduced (P-time < 0.05) in the SUPP group. No change in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations was observed in the CON group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Bell
- a Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tim Snijders
- a Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- b Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- b Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- a Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- c Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- a Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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