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Wu G, Cui X, Chen H, Renaud JB, Yu K, Chen X, Wang A. Dynamin-Like Proteins of Endocytosis in Plants Are Coopted by Potyviruses To Enhance Virus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:e01320-18. [PMID: 30258010 PMCID: PMC6232491 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01320-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking regulate the proteins targeted to the plasma membrane and play essential roles in diverse cellular processes, including responses to pathogen attack. Here, we report the identification of Glycine max (soybean) endocytosis dynamin-like protein 5A (GmSDL5A) associated with purified soybean mosaic virus (SMV) virions from soybean using a bottom-up proteomics approach. Knockdown of GmSDL5A and its homologous gene GmSDL12A inhibits SMV infection in soybean. The role of analogous dynamin-like proteins in potyvirus infection was further confirmed and investigated using the Arabidopsis/turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) pathosystem. We demonstrate that dynamin-related proteins 2A and 2B in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtDRP2A, AtDRP2B), homologs of GmSDL5A, are recruited to the virus replication complex (VRC) of TuMV. TuMV infection is inhibited in both A. thalianadrp2a (atdrp2a) and atdrp2b knockout mutants. Overexpression of AtDRP2 promotes TuMV replication and intercellular movement. AtRDP2 interacts with TuMV VPg, CP, CI, and 6K2. Of these viral proteins, VPg, CP, and CI are essential for viral intercellular movement, and 6K2, VPg, and CI are critical components of the VRC. We reveal that VPg and CI are present in the punctate structures labeled by the endocytic tracer FM4-64, suggesting that VPg and CI can be endocytosed. Treatment of plant leaves with a dynamin-specific inhibitor disrupts the delivery of VPg and CI to endocytic structures and suppresses TuMV replication and intercellular movement. Taken together, these data suggest that dynamin-like proteins are novel host factors of potyviruses and that endocytic processes are involved in potyvirus infection.IMPORTANCE It is well known that animal viruses enter host cells via endocytosis, whereas plant viruses require physical assistance, such as human and insect activities, to penetrate the host cell to establish their infection. In this study, we report that the endocytosis pathway is also involved in virus infection in plants. We show that plant potyviruses recruit endocytosis dynamin-like proteins to support their infection. Depletion of them by knockout of the corresponding genes suppresses virus replication, whereas overexpression of them enhances virus replication and intercellular movement. We also demonstrate that the dynamin-like proteins interact with several viral proteins that are essential for virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. We further show that treatment of a dynamin-specific inhibitor disrupts endocytosis and inhibits virus replication and intercellular movement. Therefore, the dynamin-like proteins are novel host factors of potyviruses. The corresponding genes may be manipulated using advanced biotechnology to control potyviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Wu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hui Chen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kangfu Yu
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Yang Q, Zhou Y, Wang J, Fu W, Li X. Study on the mechanism of excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells induced by shRNA-Piezo1 under abnormal mechanical stretch stress. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3989-3997. [PMID: 30260030 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells induced by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) under abnormal mechanical stretch stress. METHODS In vitro mechanical stretch stress model of nucleus pulposus cells in vitro was established, in which the expression of Piezo1 was interfered by transfection of shRNA-Piezo1 interfering vector. Both messenger RNA and protein level of Piezo1 were measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ was detected by Fluo3-AM kit, and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential in cells were detected using Cell Meter Assay kit. Finally, the apoptosis was evaluated with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate kit. RESULTS The highest transfection efficiency of lentivirus titer was 1 × 10 TU/mL and the nucleus pulposus cells were transfected with plural multiplicity of infection = 50. Homo-3201 sequence exhibited the most effective silencing effect and was used in subsequent experiments as the default sequence of shRNA-Piezo1. The calcium content in the cytoplasm of the tension stress group increased significantly compared with that in the blank control group ( q = 3.773; P < 0.05). The level of cytosolic calcium in shRNA-interference group was significantly lower than that in stretch stress group ( q = 5.159; P < 0.05). Stretch stress treatment resulted in an elevated ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential turnover as opposed to blank control group ( q = 4.332; P < 0.05), while shRNA-interference group showed smaller ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential turnover than that in stretch stress group ( q = 4.974; P < 0.05). Similar results were also observed in apoptosis rate analysis ( q = 3.175; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ShRNA-Piezo1 can protect cells by reducing the level of intracellular Ca2+ and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qining Yang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yongwei Zhou
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weicong Fu
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
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