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A rapid solution-based method for determining the affinity of heroin hapten-induced antibodies to heroin, its metabolites, and other opioids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3885-3903. [PMID: 29675707 PMCID: PMC5956019 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe for the first time a method that utilizes microscale thermophoresis (MST) technology to determine polyclonal antibody affinities to small molecules. Using a novel type of heterologous MST, we have accurately measured a solution-based binding affinity of serum antibodies to heroin which was previously impossible with other currently available methods. Moreover, this mismatch approach (i.e., using a cross-reactive hapten tracer) has never been reported in the literature. When compared with equilibrium dialysis combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ED-UPLC/MS/MS), this novel MST method yields similar binding affinity values for polyclonal antibodies to the major heroin metabolites 6-AM and morphine. Additionally, we herein report the method of synthesis of this novel cross-reactive hapten, MorHap-acetamide—a useful analog for the study of heroin hapten–antibody interactions. Using heterologous MST, we were able to determine the affinities, down to nanomolar accuracies, of polyclonal antibodies to various abused opioids. While optimizing this method, we further discovered that heroin is protected from serum esterase degradation by the presence of these antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner. Lastly, using affinity data for a number of structurally different opioids, we were able to dissect the moieties that are crucial to antibody binding. The novel MST method that is presented herein can be extended to the analysis of any ligand that is prone to degradation and can be applied not only to the development of vaccines to substances of abuse but also to the analysis of small molecule/protein interactions in the presence of serum. Strategy for the determination of hapten-induced antibody affinities using Microscale thermophoresis ![]()
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Boltneva N, Makhaeva G, Shchegol’kov E, Burgart Y, Saloutin V. Selective Carboxylesterase Inhibitors for Improving Efficacy, Safety and Rational use of Ester-Containing Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18097/bmcrm00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice, a large number of prodrugs and active drugs containing an ester, carbamate or amide moiety are used. Carboxylesterase (CaE, EC 3.1.1.1) is the key enzyme of hydrolytic metabolism of such drugs in the body, it largely determines their pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, efficacy and possible toxic effects. Using CaE selective inhibitors as components of combined drug therapy it is possible us to regulate the rate of hydrolytic transformation of ester-containing drugs and opens the possibility of their rational use. The development of effective and selective CaE inhibitors suitable for in vivo application is a new promising approach in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology that allows to improve the efficacy, bioavailability and reduce the side effects of ester-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - G.F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - E.V. Shchegol’kov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ya.V. Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V.I. Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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53
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Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological activity of polyfluoroalkyl dihydroazolo[5,1- c ][1,2,4]triazines as selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3997-4007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mathew MP, Tan E, Labonte JW, Shah S, Saeui CT, Liu L, Bhattacharya R, Bovonratwet P, Gray JJ, Yarema KJ. Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1204-1215. [PMID: 28218815 PMCID: PMC5757160 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. This premise was supported by treating cells with butanolylated ManNAc to increase sialylation, which in turn increased esterase activity. By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. Measurement of mRNA and protein confirmed that esterase activity was controlled through glycosylation and not through transcription or translation. Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Elaine Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Jason W. Labonte
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shivam Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Christopher T. Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Patawut Bovonratwet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Jeffrey J. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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55
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Zou LW, Dou TY, Wang P, Lei W, Weng ZM, Hou J, Wang DD, Fan YM, Zhang WD, Ge GB, Yang L. Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Potent and Selective Inhibitors against Human Carboxylesterase 1. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:435. [PMID: 28713276 PMCID: PMC5491650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1), one of the most important serine hydrolases distributed in liver and adipocytes, plays key roles in endobiotic homeostasis and xenobiotic metabolism. This study aimed to find potent and selective inhibitors against hCE1 from phytochemicals and their derivatives. To this end, a series of natural triterpenoids were collected and their inhibitory effects against human carboxylesterases (hCEs) were assayed using D-Luciferin methyl ester (DME) and 6,8-dichloro-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxo-7,9-dihydroacridin-2-yl benzoate (DDAB) as specific optical substrate for hCE1, and hCE2, respectively. Following screening of a series of natural triterpenoids, oleanolic acid (OA), and ursolic acid (UA) were found with strong inhibitory effects on hCE1 and relative high selectivity over hCE2. In order to get the highly selective and potent inhibitors of hCE1, a series of OA and UA derivatives were synthesized from OA and UA by chemical modifications including oxidation, reduction, esterification, and amidation. The inhibitory effects of these derivatives on hCEs were assayed and the structure-activity relationships of tested triterpenoids as hCE1 inhibitors were carefully investigated. The results demonstrated that the carbonyl group at the C-28 site is essential for hCE1 inhibition, the modifications of OA or UA at this site including esters, amides and alcohols are unbeneficial for hCE1 inhibition. In contrast, the structural modifications on OA and UA at other sites, such as converting the C-3 hydroxy group to 3-O-β-carboxypropionyl (compounds 20 and 22), led to a dramatically increase of the inhibitory effects against hCE1 and very high selectivity over hCE2. 3D-QSAR analysis of all tested triterpenoids including OA and UA derivatives provide new insights into the fine relationships linking between the inhibitory effects on hCE1 and the steric-electrostatic properties of triterpenoids. Furthermore, both inhibition kinetic analyses and docking simulations demonstrated that compound 22 was a potent competitive inhibitor against hCE1-mediated DME hydrolysis. All these findings are very helpful for medicinal chemists to design and develop highly selective and more potent hCE1 inhibitors for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of TechnologyPanjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China.,Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zi-Miao Weng
- Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of TechnologyPanjin, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
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Xin XL, Zhao XY, Huo XK, Tian XG, Sun CP, Zhang HL, Tian Y, Liu Y, Wang X. Two new protostane-type triterpenoids from Alisma orientalis. Nat Prod Res 2017. [PMID: 28649858 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1344660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Xin
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Clinical Laboratory of Shengjing Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- Basic Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hou-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Transport of Liaoning, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Shengjing Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Nuerosurgery, the Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Non-directly Affliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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57
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Abstract
DDAB (6,8-dichloro-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxo-7,9-dihydroacridin-2-yl benzoate) is a newly developed near-infrared fluorescent probe for human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE2), exhibiting high specificity and good reactivity for real-time monitoring the enzymatic activities of hCE2 in complex biological systems. In order to explore the applicability of DDAB in commonly used animal species, the interspecies difference in DDAB hydrolysis was carefully investigated by using liver microsomes from human and five experimental animals including mouse, rat, dog, minipig and monkey. Metabolite profiling demonstrated that DDAB hydrolysis could be catalyzed by all tested liver microsomes from different animals but displayed significant difference in the reaction rate. Chemical inhibition assays demonstrated that carboxylesterases (CEs) were the major enzymes involved in DDAB hydrolysis in all tested liver microsomes, indicating that DDAB was a selective substrate of CEs in a variety of mammals. However, the differential effects of loperamide (LPA, a specific inhibitor against hCE2) on DDAB hydrolysis among various species were observed. The apparent kinetic parameters and the maximum intrinsic clearances (CLmax) for DDAB hydrolysis in liver microsomes from different animals were determined, and the order of CLmax values for the formation of DDAO was CyLM>MLM≈PLM>RLM>HLM≈DLM. These findings were helpful for the rational use of DDAB as an imaging tool for CE2 in different mammals, as well as for translational researches on the function of mammalian CEs and CE2-associated drug-drug interactions.
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58
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Jang K, Kim MK, Oh J, Lee S, Cho JY, Yu KS, Choi TK, Lee SH, Lim KS. Effects of dexamethasone coadministered with oseltamivir on the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in healthy volunteers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:705-711. [PMID: 28331290 PMCID: PMC5352149 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s124307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Oseltamivir is widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A and B viral infections. It is ingested as an oral prodrug that is rapidly metabolized by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to its active form, oseltamivir carboxylate. Dexamethasone is also used in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe complication of influenza; however, its influence on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oseltamivir is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coadministering oseltamivir and dexamethasone on the PK of oseltamivir in healthy volunteers. Methods An open-label, two-period, one-sequence, multiple-dose study was conducted in 19 healthy male volunteers. Oseltamivir (75 mg) was orally administered on Day 1 and Day 8, and dexamethasone (1.5 mg) was administered once daily from Day 3 to Day 8. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for PK analysis of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate on Day 1 and Day 8. Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate concentrations in plasma and urine were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate decreased after dexamethasone treatment for 6 days. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) of the metabolic ratio (oseltamivir carboxylate AUC0–48h/oseltamivir AUC0–48h) was 0.92 (0.87–0.97). The amount of unchanged oseltamivir excreted in urine increased by 14% after dexamethasone treatments. Conclusion Coadministration of dexamethasone with oseltamivir slightly decreased systemic exposure to oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in healthy volunteers. This result suggests that CES1 is inhibited by dexamethasone in humans. However, coadministration of oseltamivir and dexamethasone did not appear to have a clinically relevant effect on the PK of oseltamivir; based on these results, dexamethasone can be coadministered with oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul; Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | | | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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59
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Wang DD, Zou LW, Jin Q, Hou J, Ge GB, Yang L. Recent progress in the discovery of natural inhibitors against human carboxylesterases. Fitoterapia 2017; 117:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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60
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Zhang ZJ, Huo XK, Tian XG, Feng L, Ning J, Zhao XY, Sun CP, Wang C, Deng S, Zhang BJ, Zhang HL, Liu Y. Novel protostane-type triterpenoids with inhibitory human carboxylesterase 2 activities. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten new triterpenoids, including two novel nor-protostanes, were isolated from A. orientalis and biotransformation of alisols A and B 23-acetate.
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Development of a Novel Formulation That Improves Preclinical Bioavailability of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:906-919. [PMID: 27986599 PMCID: PMC5320394 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), the bisphosphonate ester prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), has poor bioavailability due to intestinal degradation and efflux transport. Reformulation using U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved esterase and efflux inhibitors to increase oral bioavailability could provide lower dose alternatives and reduce costs for patients with HIV in resource-limited settings. Inhibition of mucosal and intracellular esterases was studied in human and rat intestinal extracts (S9), where TDF was protected by the carboxylesterase inhibitor bis-para-nitrophenylphosphate, the ester mix EM1, and the generally recognized-as-safe (GRAS) excipient propylparaben. Permeability studies using Madin-Darby canine kidney and Caco-2 cell monolayers demonstrated that TDF was a substrate for the permeability glycoprotein with permeability glycoprotein inhibitors reducing basolateral to apical transport of TDF. These studies also showed that transport was increased by esterase inhibitors. TDF, TFV, and tenofovir monophosphonate ester transport across Caco-2 monolayers with esterase and efflux inhibitors revealed a maximum 38.7-fold increase in apical to basolateral TDF transport with the potent non-GRAS combination of EM1 and GF120918. Transport was increased 22.8-fold by the GRAS excipients, propylparaben, and d-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (a vitamin E derivative). TFV pharmacokinetics in rats following oral administration of TDF and GRAS esterase and efflux inhibitors confirmed enhanced bioavailability. Area under the curve increased 1.5- to 2.1-fold with various combinations of parabens and d-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate. This significant inhibition of TDF hydrolysis and efflux in vivo exhibits the potential to safely increase TDF bioavailability in humans.
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62
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Molecular design of N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazolines as selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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63
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Serebryakova OG, Aksinenko AY, Lushchekina SV, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Esterase profiles of organophosphorus compounds in vitro predict their behavior in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:332-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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64
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Kalicharan RW, Bout MR, Oussoren C, Vromans H. Where does hydrolysis of nandrolone decanoate occur in the human body after release from an oil depot? Int J Pharm 2016; 515:721-728. [PMID: 27989828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term therapy of nandrolone (N) is recommended to increase mineral density and muscle strength. Using a parenteral sustained release drug formulation with nandrolone decanoate (ND), therapeutic N levels can be achieved and maintained. Until now, it is unknown if hydrolysis of ND into N occurs in tissue at the injection site or after systemic absorption. Therefore, hydrolysis studies were conducted to investigate the location and rate of ND hydrolysis after its release from the oil depot. ND hydrolysis was studied in porcine tissues, to mimic the human muscular and subcutaneous tissues. Additionally, the ND hydrolysis was studied in human whole blood, plasma and serum at a concentration range of 23.3-233.3μM. ND hydrolysis only occurred in human whole blood. The hydrolysis did not start immediately, but after a lag time. The mean lag time for all studied concentrations was 34.9±2.5min. Because of a slow penetration into tissue, hydrolysis of ND is found to be very low in surrounding tissue. Therefore the local generation of the active compound is clinically irrelevant. It is argued that after injection of the oil depot, ND molecules will be transported via the lymphatic system towards lymph nodes. From here, it will enter the central circulation and within half an hour it will hydrolyse to the active N compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Kalicharan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory & Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, P/O Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, UIPS, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M R Bout
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory & Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, P/O Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Oussoren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UIPS, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Vromans
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory & Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, P/O Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, UIPS, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Makhaeva GF, Rudakova EV, Serebryakova OG, Aksinenko AY, Richardson RJ, Bachurin SO. Esterase profiles of hexafluoropropan-2-ol-based dialkyl phosphates as a major determinant of their effects in mouse brain in vivo. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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66
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Argikar UA, Potter PM, Hutzler JM, Marathe PH. Challenges and Opportunities with Non-CYP Enzymes Aldehyde Oxidase, Carboxylesterase, and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase: Focus on Reaction Phenotyping and Prediction of Human Clearance. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1391-1405. [PMID: 27495117 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, significant progress has been made in reducing metabolic instability due to cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation. High-throughput metabolic stability screening has enabled the advancement of compounds with little to no oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, high lipophilicity and low aqueous solubility of presently pursued chemotypes reduces the probability of renal excretion. As such, these low microsomal turnover compounds are often substrates for non-CYP-mediated metabolism. UGTs, esterases, and aldehyde oxidase are major enzymes involved in catalyzing such metabolism. Hepatocytes provide an excellent tool to identify such pathways including elucidation of major metabolites. To predict human PK parameters for P450-mediated metabolism, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation using hepatic microsomes, hepatocytes, and intestinal microsomes has been actively investigated. However, such methods have not been sufficiently evaluated for non-P450 enzymes. In addition to the involvement of the liver, extrahepatic enzymes (intestine, kidney, lung) are also likely to contribute to these pathways. While there has been considerable progress in predicting metabolic pathways and clearance primarily mediated by the liver, progress in characterizing extrahepatic metabolism and prediction of clearance has been slow. Well-characterized in vitro systems or in vivo animal models to assess drug-drug interaction potential and intersubject variability due to polymorphism are not available. Here we focus on the utility of appropriate in vitro studies to characterize non-CYP-mediated metabolism and to understand the enzymes involved followed by pharmacokinetic studies in the appropriately characterized surrogate species. The review will highlight progress made in establishing in vitro-in vivo correlation, predicting human clearance and avoiding costly clinical failures when non-CYP-mediated metabolic pathways are predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra A Argikar
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Matthew Hutzler
- Q2 Solutions, Bioanalytical and ADME Labs, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Punit H Marathe
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
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Ajandouz EH, Berdah S, Moutardier V, Bege T, Birnbaum DJ, Perrier J, Di Pasquale E, Maresca M. Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific Deacetylation by the Small Intestine and Liver Revealed Using in Vitro and ex Vivo Approaches. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8080232. [PMID: 27483321 PMCID: PMC4999848 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to deoxynivalenol (DON), acetylated derivatives, i.e., 3-acetyl and 15-acetyldexynivalenol (or 3/15ADON), are present in cereals leading to exposure to these mycotoxins. Animal and human studies suggest that 3/15ADON are converted into DON after their ingestion through hydrolysis of the acetyl moiety, the site(s) of such deacetylation being still uncharacterized. We used in vitro and ex vivo approaches to study the deacetylation of 3/15ADON by enzymes and cells/tissues present on their way from the food matrix to the blood in humans. We found that luminal deacetylation by digestive enzymes and bacteria is limited. Using human cells, tissues and S9 fractions, we were able to demonstrate that small intestine and liver possess strong deacetylation capacity compared to colon and kidneys. Interestingly, in most cases, deacetylation was more efficient for 3ADON than 15ADON. Although we initially thought that carboxylesterases (CES) could be responsible for the deacetylation of 3/15ADON, the use of pure human CES1/2 and of CES inhibitor demonstrated that CES are not involved. Taken together, our original model system allowed us to identify the small intestine and the liver as the main site of deacetylation of ingested 3/15ADON in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Berdah
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Thierry Bege
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - David Jérémie Birnbaum
- Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 IFSTTAR, Faculté de médecine secteur Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, F-13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Josette Perrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Di Pasquale
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France & CSO@MyEnterix, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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68
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A novel tag-free probe for targeting molecules interacting with a flavonoid catabolite. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:240-245. [PMID: 28955912 PMCID: PMC5613513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is one of the colonic microflora-produced catabolites of quercetin 4′-glucoside (Q4′G). Although the interaction of DOPAC with cellular proteins might be involved in its biological activity, the actual proteins have not yet been identified. In this study, we developed a novel tag-free DOPAC probe to label the targeted proteins by the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and verified its efficacy. Various labeled proteins were detected by the DOPAC probe with the azide labeled biotin and a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-streptavidin complex. Furthermore, a pulldown assay identified Keap1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as the target proteins for the phase 2 enzyme up-regulation. A novel tag-free probe for targeting molecules interacting with a flavonoid catabolite was developed. Various labeled proteins were successfully detected by this probe with click chemistry. A pulldown assay identified Keap1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor as the target proteins of a flavonoid catabolite.
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69
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Dorywalska M, Dushin R, Moine L, Farias SE, Zhou D, Navaratnam T, Lui V, Hasa-Moreno A, Casas MG, Tran TT, Delaria K, Liu SH, Foletti D, O'Donnell CJ, Pons J, Shelton DL, Rajpal A, Strop P. Molecular Basis of Valine-Citrulline-PABC Linker Instability in Site-Specific ADCs and Its Mitigation by Linker Design. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:958-70. [PMID: 26944918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The degree of stability of antibody-drug linkers in systemic circulation, and the rate of their intracellular processing within target cancer cells are among the key factors determining the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) in vivo Previous studies demonstrated the susceptibility of cleavable linkers, as well as auristatin-based payloads, to enzymatic cleavage in rodent plasma. Here, we identify Carboxylesterase 1C as the enzyme responsible for the extracellular hydrolysis of valine-citrulline-p-aminocarbamate (VC-PABC)-based linkers in mouse plasma. We further show that the activity of Carboxylesterase 1C towards VC-PABC-based linkers, and consequently the stability of ADCs in mouse plasma, can be effectively modulated by small chemical modifications to the linker. While the introduced modifications can protect the VC-PABC-based linkers from extracellular cleavage, they do not significantly alter the intracellular linker processing by the lysosomal protease Cathepsin B. The distinct substrate preference of the serum Carboxylesterase 1C offers the opportunity to modulate the extracellular stability of cleavable ADCs without diminishing the intracellular payload release required for ADC efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 958-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russell Dushin
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Ludivine Moine
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | | | - Dahui Zhou
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | | | - Victor Lui
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Thomas-Toan Tran
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kathy Delaria
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Davide Foletti
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jaume Pons
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - David L Shelton
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Pavel Strop
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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70
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Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazolines as a new class of butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1050-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Zhu HJ, Langaee TY, Gong Y, Wang X, Pepine CJ, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Johnson JA, Markowitz JS. CES1P1 variant -816A>C is not associated with hepatic carboxylesterase 1 expression and activity or antihypertensive effect of trandolapril. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:681-7. [PMID: 26915813 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are synthesized as ester prodrugs that must be converted to their active forms in vivo in order to exert therapeutic effects. Hepatic carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is the primary enzyme responsible for the bioactivation of ACEI prodrugs in humans. The genetic variant -816A>C (rs3785161) is a common variant located in the promoter region of the CES1P1 gene. Previous studies report conflicting results with regard to the association of this variant and therapeutic outcomes of CES1 substrate drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the variant -816A>C on the activation of the ACEI prodrug trandolapril in human livers and the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of trandolapril in hypertensive patients. METHODS The -816A>C genotypes and CES1 expression and activity on trandolapril activation were determined in 100 individual human liver samples. Furthermore, the association of the -816A>C variant and the BP lowering effect of trandolapril was evaluated in hypertensive patients who participated in the International Verapamil SR Trandolapril Study (INVEST). RESULTS Our in vitro study demonstrated that hepatic CES1 expression and activity did not differ among different -816A>C genotypes. Moreover, we were unable to identify a clinical association between the BP lowering effects of trandolapril and -816A>C genotypes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the -816A>C variant is not associated with interindividual variability in CES1 expression and activity or therapeutic response to ACEI prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taimour Y Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, RM PG-23, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0486, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, RM PG-23, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0486, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, RM PG-23, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0486, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, RM PG-23, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0486, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, RM PG-23, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0486, USA. .,Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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72
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Boltneva NP, Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Lushchekina SV, Burgart YV, Shchegol’kov EV, Saloutin VI, Chupakhin ON. Alkyl 2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxo-3-polyfluoroalkylpropionates as new effective and selective inhibitors of carboxylesterase. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 465:381-5. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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73
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Wang DD, Jin Q, Hou J, Feng L, Li N, Li SY, Zhou Q, Zou LW, Ge GB, Wang JG, Yang L. Highly sensitive and selective detection of human carboxylesterase 1 activity by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:212-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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74
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A simple nonradioactive method for the determination of the binding affinities of antibodies induced by hapten bioconjugates for drugs of abuse. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1191-204. [PMID: 26677020 PMCID: PMC4718952 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The accurate analytical measurement of binding affinities of polyclonal antibody in sera to heroin, 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), and morphine has been a challenging task. A simple nonradioactive method that uses deuterium-labeled drug tracers and equilibrium dialysis (ED) combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) to measure the apparent dissociation constant (K d) of antibodies to 6-AM and morphine is described. The method can readily detect antibodies with K d in the low nanomolar range. Since heroin is rapidly degraded in sera, esterase inhibitors were included in the assay, greatly reducing heroin hydrolysis. MS/MS detection directly measured the heroin in the assay after overnight ED, thereby allowing the quantitation of % bound heroin in lieu of K d as an alternative measurement to assess heroin binding to polyclonal antibody sera. This is the first report that utilizes a solution-based assay to quantify heroin-antibody binding without being confounded by the presence of 6-AM and morphine and to measure K d of polyclonal antibody to 6-AM. Hapten surrogates 6-AcMorHap, 6-PrOxyHap, MorHap, DiAmHap, and DiPrOxyHap coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) were used to generate high affinity antibodies to heroin, 6-AM, and morphine. In comparison to competition ED-UPLC/MS/MS which gave K d values in the nanomolar range, the commonly used competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values in the micromolar range. Despite the differences in K d and IC50 values, similar trends in affinities of hapten antibodies to heroin, 6-AM, and morphine were observed by both methods. Competition ED-UPLC/MS/MS revealed that among the five TT-hapten bioconjugates, TT-6-AcMorHap and TT-6-PrOxyHap induced antibodies that bound heroin, 6-AM, and morphine. In contrast, TT-MorHap induced antibodies that poorly bound heroin, while TT-DiAmHap and TT-DiPrOxyHap induced antibodies either did not bind or poorly bound to heroin, 6-AM, and morphine. This simple and nonradioactive method can be extended to other platforms, such as oxycodone, cocaine, nicotine, and methamphetamine for the selection of the lead hapten design during substance abuse vaccine development.
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75
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Solé M, Sanchez-Hernandez JC. An in vitro screening with emerging contaminants reveals inhibition of carboxylesterase activity in aquatic organisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:215-222. [PMID: 26562051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) form part of the new generation of pollutants present in many freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although environmental concentrations of these bioactive substances are low, they cause sublethal effects (e.g., enzyme inhibition) in non-target organisms. However, little is known on metabolism of PPCPs by non-mammal species. Herein, an in vitro enzyme trial was performed to explore sensitivity of carboxylesterase (CE) activity of aquatic organisms to fourteen PPCPs. The esterase activity was determined in the liver of Mediterranean freshwater fish (Barbus meridionalis and Squalius laietanus), coastal marine fish (Dicentrarchus labrax and Solea solea), middle-slope fish (Trachyrhynchus scabrus), deep-sea fish (Alepocephalus rostratus and Cataetix laticeps), and in the digestive gland of a decapod crustacean (Aristeus antennatus). Results showed that 100μM of the lipid regulators simvastatin and fenofibrate significantly inhibited (30-80% of controls) the CE activity of all target species. Among the personal care products, nonylphenol and triclosan were strong esterase inhibitors in most species (36-68% of controls). Comparison with literature data suggests that fish CE activity is as sensitive to inhibition by some PPCPs as that of mammals, although their basal activity levels are lower than in mammals. Pending further studies on the interaction between PPCPs and CE activity, we postulate that this enzyme may act as a molecular sink for certain PPCPs in a comparable way than that described for the organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Solé
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Ecotoxicology Lab., Fac. Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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76
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Alves M, Lamego J, Bandeiras T, Castro R, Tomás H, Coroadinha AS, Costa J, Simplício AL. Human carboxylesterase 2: Studies on the role of glycosylation for enzymatic activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:105-110. [PMID: 28955811 PMCID: PMC5598387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (hCES2) is a glycoprotein involved in the metabolism of drugs and several environmental xenobiotics, whose crystallization has been proved to be a challenging task. This limitation could partly be due to glycosylation heterogeneity and has delayed the disclosure of the 3D structure of hCES2 which would be of upmost relevance for the development of new substrates and inhibitors. The present work evaluated the involvement of glycans in hCES2 activity and thermo stability in an attempt to find alternative active forms of the enzyme that might be adequate for structure elucidation. Partial or non-glycosylated forms of a secreted form of hCES2 have been obtained by three approaches: (i) enzymatic deglycosylation with peptide N-glycosidase F; (ii) incubation with the inhibitor tunicamycin; ii) site directed mutagenesis of each or both N-glycosylation sites. Deglycosylated protein did not show a detectable decrease in enzyme activity. On the other hand, tunicamycin led to decreased levels of secreted hCES2 but the enzyme was still active. In agreement, mutation of each and both N-glycosylation sites led to decreased levels of secreted active hCES2. However, the thermostability of the glycosylation mutants was decreased. The results indicated that glycans are involved, to some extent in protein folding in vivo, however, removal of glycans does not abrogate the activity of secreted hCES2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Quiímica e Biológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Lamego
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Quiímica e Biológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Bandeiras
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rute Castro
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Hélio Tomás
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Coroadinha
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Quiímica e Biológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Júlia Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quiímica e Biológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Simplício
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Quiímica e Biológica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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77
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A highly selective ratiometric fluorescent probe for in vitro monitoring and cellular imaging of human carboxylesterase 1. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 57:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of hepatocyte-secreted extracellular vesicles reveals candidate markers for liver toxicity. J Proteomics 2014; 103:227-40. [PMID: 24747303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Extracellular vesicles have created great interest as possible source of biomarkers for different biological processes and diseases. Although the biological function of these vesicles is not fully understood, it is clear that they participate in the removal of unnecessary cellular material and act as carriers of various macromolecules and signals between the cells. In this report, we analyzed the proteome of extracellular vesicles secreted by primary hepatocytes. We used one- and two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with data-independent mass spectrometry. Employing label-free quantitative proteomics, we detected significant changes in vesicle protein expression levels in this in vitro model after exposure to well-known liver toxins (galactosamine and Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide). The results allowed us to identify candidate markers for liver injury. We validated a number of these markers in vivo, providing the basis for the development of novel methods to evaluate drug toxicity. This report strongly supports the application of proteomics in the study of extracellular vesicles released by well-controlled in vitro cellular systems. Analysis of such systems should help to identify specific markers for various biological processes and pathological conditions. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Identification of low invasive candidate marker for hepatotoxicity. Support to apply proteomics in the study of extracellular vesicles released by well-controlled in vitro cellular systems to identify low invasive markers for diseases.
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79
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P-Glycoprotein, CYP3A, and Plasma Carboxylesterase Determine Brain and Blood Disposition of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus (Afinitor) in Mice. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3133-45. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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80
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhong Q, Li X, Gao P, Feng C, Chu Q, Chen Y, Liu D. In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory potential of pharmaceutical excipients on human carboxylesterase 1A and 2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93819. [PMID: 24699684 PMCID: PMC3974814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major forms of human carboxylesterase (CES), CES1A and CES2, dominate the pharmacokinetics of most prodrugs such as imidapril and irinotecan (CPT-11). Excipients, largely used as insert vehicles in formulation, have been recently reported to affect drug enzyme activity. The influence of excipients on the activity of CES remains undefined. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 25 excipients on the activities of CES1A1 and CES2 were evaluated. Imidapril and CPT-11 were used as substrates and cultured with liver microsomes in vitro. Imidapril hydrolase activities of recombinant CES1A1 and human liver microsomes (HLM) were strongly inhibited by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (RH40) [Inhibition constant (Ki) = 0.04 ± 0.01 μg/ml and 0.20 ± 0.09 μg/ml for CES1A1, and 0.12 ± 0.03 μg/ml and 0.76 ± 0.33 μg/ml, respectively, for HLM]. The enzyme hydrolase activity of recombinant CES2 was substantially inhibited by Tween 20 and polyoxyl 35 castor oil (EL35) (K(i) = 0.93 ± 0.36 μg/ml and 4.4 ± 1.24 μg/ml, respectively). Thus, these results demonstrate that surfactants such as SLS, RH40, Tween 20 and EL35 may attenuate the CES activity; such inhibition should be taken into consideration during drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaoni Zhong
- Hubei Pharmaceutical Industry Research Institute Co. Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengyang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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81
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Torres AFC, Huang C, Chong CM, Leung SW, Prieto-da-Silva ÁRB, Havt A, Quinet YP, Martins AMC, Lee SMY, Rádis-Baptista G. Transcriptome analysis in venom gland of the predatory giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps: insights into the polypeptide toxin arsenal of hymenopterans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87556. [PMID: 24498135 PMCID: PMC3909188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dinoponera quadriceps is a predatory giant ant that inhabits the Neotropical region and subdues its prey (insects) with stings that deliver a toxic cocktail of molecules. Human accidents occasionally occur and cause local pain and systemic symptoms. A comprehensive study of the D. quadriceps venom gland transcriptome is required to advance our knowledge about the toxin repertoire of the giant ant venom and to understand the physiopathological basis of Hymenoptera envenomation. Results We conducted a transcriptome analysis of a cDNA library from the D. quadriceps venom gland with Sanger sequencing in combination with whole-transcriptome shotgun deep sequencing. From the cDNA library, a total of 420 independent clones were analyzed. Although the proportion of dinoponeratoxin isoform precursors was high, the first giant ant venom inhibitor cysteine-knot (ICK) toxin was found. The deep next generation sequencing yielded a total of 2,514,767 raw reads that were assembled into 18,546 contigs. A BLAST search of the assembled contigs against non-redundant and Swiss-Prot databases showed that 6,463 contigs corresponded to BLASTx hits and indicated an interesting diversity of transcripts related to venom gene expression. The majority of these venom-related sequences code for a major polypeptide core, which comprises venom allergens, lethal-like proteins and esterases, and a minor peptide framework composed of inter-specific structurally conserved cysteine-rich toxins. Both the cDNA library and deep sequencing yielded large proportions of contigs that showed no similarities with known sequences. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of the venom gland transcriptome of the New World giant ant D. quadriceps. The glandular venom system was dissected, and the toxin arsenal was revealed; this process brought to light novel sequences that included an ICK-folded toxins, allergen proteins, esterases (phospholipases and carboxylesterases), and lethal-like toxins. These findings contribute to the understanding of the ecology, behavior and venomics of hymenopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba F. C. Torres
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Siu Wai Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | | | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Yves P. Quinet
- Laboratory of Entomology, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Alice M. C. Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AMCM); (GRB)
| | - Simon M. Y. Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AMCM); (GRB)
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Chanteux H, Rosa M, Delatour C, Prakash C, Smith S, Nicolas JM. In Vitro Hydrolysis and Transesterification of CDP323, an α4β1/α4β7 Integrin Antagonist Ester Prodrug. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:153-61. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.054049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Predicting hiCE inhibitors based upon pharmacophore models derived from the receptor and its ligands. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rudakova EV, Makhaeva GF, Galenko TG, Aksinenko AY, Sokolov VB, Martynov IV. A new selective inhibitor of mouse blood plasma carboxylesterase. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 449:87-9. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Makhaeva GF, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Rudakova EV, Aksinenko AY, Sokolov VB, Zefirov NS, Richardson RJ. Organophosphorus compound esterase profiles as predictors of therapeutic and toxic effects. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 203:231-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yanjiao X, Chengliang Z, Xiping L, Tao W, Xiuhua R, Dong L. Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Human Carboxylesterase In Vitro. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:468-74. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu HJ, Wang X, Gawronski BE, Brinda BJ, Angiolillo DJ, Markowitz JS. Carboxylesterase 1 as a Determinant of Clopidogrel Metabolism and Activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:665-72. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Sokolova NV, Nenajdenko VG, Sokolov VB, Serebryakova OG, Makhaeva GF. Synthesis and testing of trifluoromethyl-containing phosphonate–peptide conjugates as inhibitors of serine hydrolases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7216-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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