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Polymer-Based Nanomaterials and Applications for Vaccines and Drugs. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10010031. [PMID: 30966075 PMCID: PMC6415012 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology plays a significant role in drug development. As carriers, polymeric nanoparticles can deliver vaccine antigens, proteins, and drugs to the desired site of action. Polymeric nanoparticles with lower cytotoxicity can protect the delivered antigens or drugs from degradation under unfavorable conditions via a mucosal administration route; further, the uptake of nanoparticles by antigen-presenting cells can increase and induce potent immune responses. Additionally, nanomaterials are widely used in vaccine delivery systems because nanomaterials can make the vaccine antigen long-acting. This review focuses on some biodegradable polymer materials such as natural polymeric nanomaterials, chemically synthesized polymer materials, and biosynthesized polymeric materials, and points out the advantages and the direction of research on degradable polymeric materials. The application and future perspectives of polymeric materials as delivery carriers and vaccine adjuvants in the field of drugs and vaccines are presented. With the increase of knowledge and fundamental understandings of polymer-based nanomaterials, means of integrating some other attractive properties, such as slow release, target delivery, and alternative administration methods and delivery pathways are feasible. Polymer-based nanomaterials have great potential for the development of novel vaccines and drug systems for certain needs, including single-dose and needle-free deliveries of vaccine antigens and drugs in the future.
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52
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Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers as novel drug delivery systems: applications, advantages and disadvantages. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:288-303. [PMID: 30065762 PMCID: PMC6040163 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.235156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the recent years, more attentions have been focused on lipid base drug delivery system to overcome some limitations of conventional formulations. Among these delivery systems solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising delivery systems due to the ease of manufacturing processes, scale up capability, biocompatibility, and also biodegradability of formulation constituents and many other advantages which could be related to specific route of administration or nature of the materials are to be loaded to these delivery systems. The aim of this article is to review the advantages and limitations of these delivery systems based on the route of administration and to emphasis the effectiveness of such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghasemiyeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
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53
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Ren T, Wang Q, Xu Y, Cong L, Gou J, Tao X, Zhang Y, He H, Yin T, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tang X. Enhanced oral absorption and anticancer efficacy of cabazitaxel by overcoming intestinal mucus and epithelium barriers using surface polyethylene oxide (PEO) decorated positively charged polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles. J Control Release 2018; 269:423-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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54
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Goh WJ, Zou S, Lee CK, Ou YH, Wang JW, Czarny B, Pastorin G. EXOPLEXs: Chimeric Drug Delivery Platform from the Fusion of Cell-Derived Nanovesicles and Liposomes. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:22-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang Goh
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), 28 Medical Drive, #05-01, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, S15#05, Singapore 117543
| | - Shui Zou
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, S15#05, Singapore 117543
| | - Choon Keong Lee
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, S15#05, Singapore 117543
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ou
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, S15#05, Singapore 117543
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department
of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) and National University Health System (NUHS), Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, S15#05, Singapore 117543
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), 28 Medical Drive, #05-01, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, S15#05, Singapore 117543
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Level 11, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117580
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55
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Gou J, Feng S, Liang Y, Fang G, Zhang H, Yin T, Zhang Y, He H, Wang Y, Tang X. Polyester-Solid Lipid Mixed Nanoparticles with Improved Stability in Gastro-Intestinal Tract Facilitated Oral Delivery of Larotaxel. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3750-3761. [PMID: 28945434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of core stability of nanoparticles on their performances in oral drug delivery. Solid lipids (Geleol Mono and Diglycerides Nf) were incorporated into nanoparticles composed of mPEG-b-PCL by the dialysis method. The prepared solid lipid loaded nanoparticles were found to be spherical nanoparticles with a core state and size distribution dependent on the amount of solid lipid incorporated. The critical aggregation concentrations of lipid-loaded nanoparticles were determined using pyrene fluorescence. Then, the stability of block copolymer in nanoparticles with different solid lipid contents was studied in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. Solid lipids were found to stabilize nanoparticle cores by improving not only the thermodynamic stability (lowered CAC) of the nanoparticle but also the chemical stability of the block copolymer in the gastrointestinal environment. The stability of the loaded drug (larotaxel, LTX) in nanoparticles with different solid lipid contents was challenged by intestinal homogenate and rat liver microsome, and solid lipid loaded nanoparticles showed superior drug-protecting capability. Solid lipid incorporation exhibited limited influence on the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake but improved the transcytosis of nanoparticles in Caco-2 monolayers. The results of pharmacokinetic study indicated that core stabilization was helpful in promoting oral larotaxel absorption as the absolute bioavailability of LTX delivered by solid lipid loaded nanoparticles was found to be 13.17%, compared with that by the lipid-free nanoparticles (6.264%) and LTX solution (2.435%). Additionally, the results of biodistribution study indicated relatively higher particle integrity of solid lipid loaded nanoparticles, shown by slower liver and spleen accumulation rate, compared with its lipid-free counterpart. Overall, incorporation of solid lipids made the nanoparticles more suitable for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Shuangshuang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Yuheng Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Guihua Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University , No. 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, China , 226001
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Tian Yin
- Department of Wine, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China , 110016
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56
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Preparation of poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) and chitosan composite nanocarriers via electrostatic self assembly for oral delivery of insulin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:420-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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57
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Chaudhary Z, Ahmed N, .ur.Rehman A, Khan GM. Lipid polymer hybrid carrier systems for cancer targeting: A review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1300900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zanib Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim .ur.Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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58
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Smole U, Schabussova I, Pickl WF, Wiedermann U. Murine models for mucosal tolerance in allergy. Semin Immunol 2017; 30:12-27. [PMID: 28807539 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunity is established by a fine balance to discriminate between self and non-self. In addition, mucosal surfaces have the unique ability to establish and maintain a state of tolerance also against non-self constituents such as those represented by the large numbers of commensals populating mucosal surfaces and food-derived or air-borne antigens. Recent years have seen a dramatic expansion in our understanding of the basic mechanisms and the involved cellular and molecular players orchestrating mucosal tolerance. As a direct outgrowth, promising prophylactic and therapeutic models for mucosal tolerance induction against usually innocuous antigens (derived from food and aeroallergen sources) have been developed. A major theme in the past years was the introduction of improved formulations and novel adjuvants into such allergy vaccines. This review article describes basic mechanisms of mucosal tolerance induction and contrasts the peculiarities but also the interdependence of the gut and respiratory tract associated lymphoid tissues in that context. Particular emphasis is put on delineating the current prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to study and improve mucosal tolerance induction in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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59
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Helal HM, Mortada SM, Sallam MA. Paliperidone-Loaded Nanolipomer System for Sustained Delivery and Enhanced Intestinal Permeation: Superiority to Polymeric and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1946-1959. [PMID: 27914041 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paliperidone (PPD) is the most recent second-generation atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. An immediate release dose causes extrapyramidal side effects. In this work, a novel nanolipomer carrier system for PPD with enhanced intestinal permeability and sustained release properties has been developed and optimized. PPD was successfully encapsulated into a lipomer consisting of a specific combination of biocompatible materials including poly-ε-caprolactone as a polymeric core, Lipoid S75, and Gelucire® 50/13 as a lipid shell and polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizing agent. The lipomer system was characterized by dynamic light scattering, TEM, DSC, and FTIR. An optimized lipomer formulation possessed a particle size of 168 nm, PDI of 0.2, zeta potential of -23 mV and an encapsulation efficiency of 87.27% ± 0.098. Stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids investigated in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency measurements ensured the integrity of the nanoparticles upon oral administration. PPD-loaded nanolipomers demonstrated a superior sustained release behavior up to 24 h and better ex vivo intestinal permeation for PPD compared to the corresponding polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles and drug suspension. The in vitro hemocompatibility test on red blood cells revealed no hemolytic effect of PPD-loaded lipomers which reflects its safety. The elaborated nanohybrid carrier system represents a promising candidate for enhancing the absorption of PPD providing a 2.6-fold increase in the intestinal permeation flux compared to the drug suspension while maintaining a sustained release behavior. It is a convenient alternative to the commercially available dosage form of PPD.
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60
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Optimization of formulation processes using Design Expert ® Software for preparation of polymeric blends-artesunate-amodiaquine HCl microparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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61
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Liu Y, Liu J, Liang J, Zhang M, Li Z, Wang Z, Dang B, Feng N. Mucosal transfer of wheat germ agglutinin modified lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for oral delivery of oridonin. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2219-2229. [PMID: 28539275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wheat germ agglutinin-modified lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (WGA-LPNs) promote cellular uptake after oral delivery via receptor-mediated endocytosis and bioadhesion. Understanding the mucosal transport of WGA-LPNs would help to improve bioavailability and ensure therapeutic efficacy. In this study, WGA-LPNs interacted with mucin, forming larger agglomerates with intact core-shell structure. The interaction of WGA-LPNs with mucin improved enterocyte endocytosis in Caco-2 cells. An in situ intestinal diffusion study in mice confirmed that WGA-LPNs reached enterocytes and underwent endocytosis, despite interference from mucin. Importantly, oral bioavailability of oridonin-loaded WGA-LPNs increased by 1.96-fold compared with that of LPNs. Furthermore, oral administration of WGA-LPNs inhibited tumor growth in HepG2 xenograft nude mice. In addition to elucidating interactions between WGA-LPNs and mucin, these results indicated that WGA-LPNs might act as promising nanocarriers for oral delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinguang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beilei Dang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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62
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Guada M, Saini P, Kumar MNVR. Noncompetitive Active Transport Exploiting Intestinal Transferrin Receptors for Oral Delivery of Proteins by Tunable Nanoplatform. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:161-164. [PMID: 35632886 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a "thinking-outside-the-box", tunable nanoplatform for oral delivery of proteins using insulin as a model protein. These nanosystems offer noncompetitive active transport exploiting transferrin receptors present in the intestine and permit tailored release in vivo. Such delivery approaches have the potential to individualize insulin therapy to a regimen that is compatible with the patient's glucose profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Melissa Guada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Prabhjot Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Majeti N. V. Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Reynolds Medical Building, TAMU Mailstop 1114, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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63
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Costa-Gouveia J, Aínsa JA, Brodin P, Lucía A. How can nanoparticles contribute to antituberculosis therapy? Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:600-607. [PMID: 28137645 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches using nanoparticles are being successfully used in foods and in several fields of medicine, including infectious diseases. Regarding tuberculosis (TB) treatment, nanoparticles can be a useful strategy for two distinct applications: (i) for their intrinsic antimycobacterial activity; (ii) as vehicles for known antitubercular drugs to allow reduction of dose- and drug-associated side-effects and administration via user-friendly administration routes such as pulmonary or oral ones. Promising results were obtained in vitro and in animal Mycobacterium tuberculosis models and need now to be translated into clinical drug candidates. Such a prospect can provide an opportunity regarding the current limited therapeutic options for drug-resistant TB and the scarcity of novel antituberculosis drugs in the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa-Gouveia
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, University Hospital Center of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - José A Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Priscille Brodin
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, University Hospital Center of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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64
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Zhang RX, Ahmed T, Li LY, Li J, Abbasi AZ, Wu XY. Design of nanocarriers for nanoscale drug delivery to enhance cancer treatment using hybrid polymer and lipid building blocks. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1334-1355. [PMID: 27973629 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLN) are an emerging nanocarrier platform made from building blocks of polymers and lipids. PLN integrate the advantages of biomimetic lipid-based nanoparticles (i.e. solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes) and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles. PLN are constructed from diverse polymers and lipids and their numerous combinations, which imparts PLN with great versatility for delivering drugs of various properties to their nanoscale targets. PLN can be classified into two types based on their hybrid nanoscopic structure and assembly methods: Type-I monolithic matrix and Type-II core-shell systems. This article reviews the history of PLN development, types of PLN, lipid and polymer candidates, fabrication methods, and unique properties of PLN. The applications of PLN in delivery of therapeutic or imaging agents alone or in combination for cancer treatment are summarized and illustrated with examples. Important considerations for the rational design of PLN for advanced nanoscale drug delivery are discussed, including selection of excipients, synthesis processes governing formulation parameters, optimization of nanoparticle properties, improvement of particle surface functionality to overcome macroscopic, microscopic and cellular biological barriers. Future directions and potential clinical translation of PLN are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Lily Yi Li
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Jason Li
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Azhar Z Abbasi
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5S 3M2.
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