51
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HSP40 proteins use class-specific regulation to drive HSP70 functional diversity. Nature 2020; 587:489-494. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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52
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Wentink AS, Nillegoda NB, Feufel J, Ubartaitė G, Schneider CP, De Los Rios P, Hennig J, Barducci A, Bukau B. Molecular dissection of amyloid disaggregation by human HSP70. Nature 2020; 587:483-488. [PMID: 33177717 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of highly ordered fibrillar-type aggregates into inclusion bodies is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The high stability of such amyloid fibril aggregates makes them challenging substrates for the cellular protein quality-control machinery1,2. However, the human HSP70 chaperone and its co-chaperones DNAJB1 and HSP110 can dissolve preformed fibrils of the Parkinson's disease-linked presynaptic protein α-synuclein in vitro3,4. The underlying mechanisms of this unique activity remain poorly understood. Here we use biochemical tools and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the crucial steps of the disaggregation process of amyloid fibrils. We find that DNAJB1 specifically recognizes the oligomeric form of α-synuclein via multivalent interactions, and selectively targets HSP70 to fibrils. HSP70 and DNAJB1 interact with the fibril through exposed, flexible amino and carboxy termini of α-synuclein rather than the amyloid core itself. The synergistic action of DNAJB1 and HSP110 strongly accelerates disaggregation by facilitating the loading of several HSP70 molecules in a densely packed arrangement at the fibril surface, which is ideal for the generation of 'entropic pulling' forces. The cooperation of DNAJB1 and HSP110 in amyloid disaggregation goes beyond the classical substrate targeting and recycling functions that are attributed to these HSP70 co-chaperones and constitutes an active and essential contribution to the remodelling of the amyloid substrate. These mechanistic insights into the essential prerequisites for amyloid disaggregation may provide a basis for new therapeutic interventions in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Feufel
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabrielė Ubartaitė
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolyn P Schneider
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo De Los Rios
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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53
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McAlary L, Chew YL, Lum JS, Geraghty NJ, Yerbury JJ, Cashman NR. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Proteins, Proteostasis, Prions, and Promises. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:581907. [PMID: 33328890 PMCID: PMC7671971 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.581907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons that innervate muscle, resulting in gradual paralysis and culminating in the inability to breathe or swallow. This neuronal degeneration occurs in a spatiotemporal manner from a point of onset in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting that there is a molecule that spreads from cell-to-cell. There is strong evidence that the onset and progression of ALS pathology is a consequence of protein misfolding and aggregation. In line with this, a hallmark pathology of ALS is protein deposition and inclusion formation within motor neurons and surrounding glia of the proteins TAR DNA-binding protein 43, superoxide dismutase-1, or fused in sarcoma. Collectively, the observed protein aggregation, in conjunction with the spatiotemporal spread of symptoms, strongly suggests a prion-like propagation of protein aggregation occurs in ALS. In this review, we discuss the role of protein aggregation in ALS concerning protein homeostasis (proteostasis) mechanisms and prion-like propagation. Furthermore, we examine the experimental models used to investigate these processes, including in vitro assays, cultured cells, invertebrate models, and murine models. Finally, we evaluate the therapeutics that may best prevent the onset or spread of pathology in ALS and discuss what lies on the horizon for treating this currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McAlary
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy Stephen Lum
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas John Geraghty
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin John Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil R. Cashman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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54
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Tittelmeier J, Nachman E, Nussbaum-Krammer C. Molecular Chaperones: A Double-Edged Sword in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:581374. [PMID: 33132902 PMCID: PMC7572858 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.581374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation of misfolded proteins into amyloid deposits is a hallmark in many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Pathological inclusions and the associated toxicity appear to spread through the nervous system in a characteristic pattern during the disease. This has been attributed to a prion-like behavior of amyloid-type aggregates, which involves self-replication of the pathological conformation, intercellular transfer, and the subsequent seeding of native forms of the same protein in the neighboring cell. Molecular chaperones play a major role in maintaining cellular proteostasis by assisting the (re)-folding of cellular proteins to ensure their function or by promoting the degradation of terminally misfolded proteins to prevent damage. With increasing age, however, the capacity of this proteostasis network tends to decrease, which enables the manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, there has been a plethora of studies investigating how and when chaperones interact with disease-related proteins, which have advanced our understanding of the role of chaperones in protein misfolding diseases. This review article focuses on the steps of prion-like propagation from initial misfolding and self-templated replication to intercellular spreading and discusses the influence that chaperones have on these various steps, highlighting both the positive and adverse consequences chaperone action can have. Understanding how chaperones alleviate and aggravate disease progression is vital for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat these debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tittelmeier
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliana Nachman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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55
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Investigating the Structure of Neurotoxic Protein Aggregates Inside Cells. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:951-966. [PMID: 32981805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect the lives of millions of people across the world, being particularly prevalent in the aging population. Despite huge research efforts, conclusive insights into the disease mechanisms are still lacking. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are limited to symptomatic treatments. A common histopathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases is the presence of large pathognomonic protein aggregates, but their role in the disease pathology is unclear and subject to controversy. Here, we discuss imaging methods allowing investigation of these structures within their cellular environment: conventional electron microscopy (EM), super-resolution light microscopy (SR-LM), and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Multidisciplinary approaches are key for understanding neurodegenerative diseases and may contribute to the development of effective treatments. For simplicity, we focus on huntingtin aggregates, characteristic of Huntington's disease.
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56
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Johnson SL, Ranxhi B, Libohova K, Tsou WL, Todi SV. Ubiquitin-interacting motifs of ataxin-3 regulate its polyglutamine toxicity through Hsc70-4-dependent aggregation. eLife 2020; 9:60742. [PMID: 32955441 PMCID: PMC7505662 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) belongs to the family of polyglutamine neurodegenerations. Each disorder stems from the abnormal lengthening of a glutamine repeat in a different protein. Although caused by a similar mutation, polyglutamine disorders are distinct, implicating non-polyglutamine regions of disease proteins as regulators of pathogenesis. SCA3 is caused by polyglutamine expansion in ataxin-3. To determine the role of ataxin-3’s non-polyglutamine domains in disease, we utilized a new, allelic series of Drosophila melanogaster. We found that ataxin-3 pathogenicity is saliently controlled by polyglutamine-adjacent ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs) that enhance aggregation and toxicity. UIMs function by interacting with the heat shock protein, Hsc70-4, whose reduction diminishes ataxin-3 toxicity in a UIM-dependent manner. Hsc70-4 also enhances pathogenicity of other polyglutamine proteins. Our studies provide a unique insight into the impact of ataxin-3 domains in SCA3, identify Hsc70-4 as a SCA3 enhancer, and indicate pleiotropic effects from HSP70 chaperones, which are generally thought to suppress polyglutamine degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Bedri Ranxhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
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57
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C. elegans Models to Study the Propagation of Prions and Prion-Like Proteins. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081188. [PMID: 32824215 PMCID: PMC7464663 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark common to many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is that patients develop proteinaceous deposits in their central nervous system (CNS). The progressive spreading of these inclusions from initially affected sites to interconnected brain areas is reminiscent of the behavior of bona fide prions in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), hence the term prion-like proteins has been coined. Despite intensive research, the exact mechanisms that facilitate the spreading of protein aggregation between cells, and the associated loss of neurons, remain poorly understood. As population demographics in many countries continue to shift to higher life expectancy, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is also rising. This represents a major challenge for healthcare systems and patients’ families, since patients require extensive support over several years and there is still no therapy to cure or stop these diseases. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans offers unique opportunities to accelerate research and drug development due to its genetic amenability, its transparency, and the high degree of conservation of molecular pathways. Here, we will review how recent studies that utilize this soil dwelling nematode have proceeded to investigate the propagation and intercellular transmission of prions and prion-like proteins and discuss their relevance by comparing their findings to observations in other model systems and patients.
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58
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Cupo RR, Shorter J. Skd3 (human ClpB) is a potent mitochondrial protein disaggregase that is inactivated by 3-methylglutaconic aciduria-linked mutations. eLife 2020; 9:e55279. [PMID: 32573439 PMCID: PMC7343390 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved specialized protein disaggregases to reverse toxic protein aggregation and restore protein functionality. In nonmetazoan eukaryotes, the AAA+ disaggregase Hsp78 resolubilizes and reactivates proteins in mitochondria. Curiously, metazoa lack Hsp78. Hence, whether metazoan mitochondria reactivate aggregated proteins is unknown. Here, we establish that a mitochondrial AAA+ protein, Skd3 (human ClpB), couples ATP hydrolysis to protein disaggregation and reactivation. The Skd3 ankyrin-repeat domain combines with conserved AAA+ elements to enable stand-alone disaggregase activity. A mitochondrial inner-membrane protease, PARL, removes an autoinhibitory peptide from Skd3 to greatly enhance disaggregase activity. Indeed, PARL-activated Skd3 solubilizes α-synuclein fibrils connected to Parkinson's disease. Human cells lacking Skd3 exhibit reduced solubility of various mitochondrial proteins, including anti-apoptotic Hax1. Importantly, Skd3 variants linked to 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, a severe mitochondrial disorder, display diminished disaggregase activity (but not always reduced ATPase activity), which predicts disease severity. Thus, Skd3 is a potent protein disaggregase critical for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Cupo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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59
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Nachman E, Wentink AS, Madiona K, Bousset L, Katsinelos T, Allinson K, Kampinga H, McEwan WA, Jahn TR, Melki R, Mogk A, Bukau B, Nussbaum-Krammer C. Disassembly of Tau fibrils by the human Hsp70 disaggregation machinery generates small seeding-competent species. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9676-9690. [PMID: 32467226 PMCID: PMC7363153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid Tau aggregates is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Molecular chaperones are known to maintain protein homeostasis. Here, we show that an ATP-dependent human chaperone system disassembles Tau fibrils in vitro We found that this function is mediated by the core chaperone HSC70, assisted by specific cochaperones, in particular class B J-domain proteins and a heat shock protein 110 (Hsp110)-type nucleotide exchange factor (NEF). The Hsp70 disaggregation machinery processed recombinant fibrils assembled from all six Tau isoforms as well as Sarkosyl-resistant Tau aggregates extracted from cell cultures and human AD brain tissues, demonstrating the ability of the Hsp70 machinery to recognize a broad range of Tau aggregates. However, the chaperone activity released monomeric and small oligomeric Tau species, which induced the aggregation of self-propagating Tau conformers in a Tau cell culture model. We conclude that the activity of the Hsp70 disaggregation machinery is a double-edged sword, as it eliminates Tau amyloids at the cost of generating new seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Nachman
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Schaller Research Group Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karine Madiona
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Department of Neuropathology, Cambridge Universities Hospital Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harm Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Science of Cell and System, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - William A McEwan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Jahn
- Schaller Research Group Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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60
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Tittelmeier J, Sandhof CA, Ries HM, Druffel-Augustin S, Mogk A, Bukau B, Nussbaum-Krammer C. The HSP110/HSP70 disaggregation system generates spreading-competent toxic α-synuclein species. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103954. [PMID: 32449565 PMCID: PMC7327497 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and prion-like propagation of α-synuclein and other amyloidogenic proteins are associated with devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Metazoan heat shock protein HSP70 and its co-chaperones DNAJB1 and HSP110 constitute a disaggregation machinery that is able to disassemble α-synuclein fibrils in vitro, but its physiological effects on α-synuclein toxicity are unknown. Here, we depleted Caenorhabditis elegans HSP-110 and monitored the consequences on α-synuclein-related pathological phenotypes such as misfolding, intercellular spreading, and toxicity in C. elegans in vivo models. Depletion of HSP-110 impaired HSP70 disaggregation activity, prevented resolubilization of amorphous aggregates, and compromised the overall cellular folding capacity. At the same time, HSP-110 depletion reduced α-synuclein foci formation, cell-to-cell transmission, and toxicity. These data demonstrate that the HSP70 disaggregation activity constitutes a double-edged sword, as it is essential for maintaining cellular proteostasis but also involved in the generation of toxic amyloid-type protein species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tittelmeier
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Alexander Sandhof
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Maja Ries
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Druffel-Augustin
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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61
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Analysis of the Circadian Regulation of Cancer Hallmarks by a Cross-Platform Study of Colorectal Cancer Time-Series Data Reveals an Association with Genes Involved in Huntington's Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040963. [PMID: 32295075 PMCID: PMC7226183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to a link between circadian clock dysfunction and the molecular events that drive tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the connection between the circadian clock and the hallmarks of cancer in an in vitro model of colorectal cancer (CRC). We used a cross-platform data normalization method to concatenate and compare available microarray and RNA-sequencing time series data of CRC cell lines derived from the same patient at different disease stages. Our data analysis suggests differential regulation of molecular pathways between the CRC cells and identifies several of the circadian and likely clock-controlled genes (CCGs) as cancer hallmarks and circadian drug targets. Notably, we found links of the CCGs to Huntington’s disease (HD) in the metastasis-derived cells. We then investigated the impact of perturbations of our candidate genes in a cohort of 439 patients with colon adenocarcinoma retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The analysis revealed a correlation of the differential expression levels of the candidate genes with the survival of patients. Thus, our study provides a bioinformatics workflow that allows for a comprehensive analysis of circadian properties at different stages of colorectal cancer, and identifies a new association between cancer and HD.
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62
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Rosenzweig R, Nillegoda NB, Mayer MP, Bukau B. The Hsp70 chaperone network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:665-680. [PMID: 31253954 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that act in a large variety of cellular protein folding and remodelling processes. They function virtually at all stages of the life of proteins from synthesis to degradation and are thus crucial for maintaining protein homeostasis, with direct implications for human health. A large set of co-chaperones comprising J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors regulate the ATPase cycle of Hsp70s, which is allosterically coupled to substrate binding and release. Moreover, Hsp70s cooperate with other cellular chaperone systems including Hsp90, Hsp60 chaperonins, small heat shock proteins and Hsp100 AAA+ disaggregases, together constituting a dynamic and functionally versatile network for protein folding, unfolding, regulation, targeting, aggregation and disaggregation, as well as degradation. In this Review we describe recent advances that have increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and working principles of the Hsp70 network. This knowledge showcases how the Hsp70 chaperone system controls diverse cellular functions, and offers new opportunities for the development of chemical compounds that modulate disease-related Hsp70 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Rosenzweig
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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63
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Iburg M, Puchkov D, Rosas-Brugada IU, Bergemann L, Rieprecht U, Kirstein J. The noncanonical small heat shock protein HSP-17 from Caenorhabditis elegans is a selective protein aggregase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3064-3079. [PMID: 32001616 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are conserved, ubiquitous members of the proteostasis network. Canonically, they act as "holdases" and buffer unfolded or misfolded proteins against aggregation in an ATP-independent manner. Whereas bacteria and yeast each have only two sHsps in their genomes, this number is higher in metazoan genomes, suggesting a spatiotemporal and functional specialization in higher eukaryotes. Here, using recombinantly expressed and purified proteins, static light-scattering analysis, and disaggregation assays, we report that the noncanonical sHsp HSP-17 of Caenorhabditis elegans facilitates aggregation of model substrates, such as malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and inhibits disaggregation of luciferase in vitro Experiments with fluorescently tagged HSP-17 under the control of its endogenous promoter revealed that HSP-17 is expressed in the digestive and excretory organs, where its overexpression promotes the aggregation of polyQ proteins and of the endogenous kinase KIN-19. Systemic depletion of hsp-17 shortens C. elegans lifespan and severely reduces fecundity and survival upon prolonged heat stress. HSP-17 is an abundant protein exhibiting opposing chaperone activities on different substrates, indicating that it is a selective protein aggregase with physiological roles in development, digestion, and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Iburg
- Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., R.-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., R.-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irving U Rosas-Brugada
- Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., R.-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Bergemann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., R.-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rieprecht
- Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., R.-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz Research Institute for Molecular Pharmacology im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., R.-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Faculty 2, Cell Biology, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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64
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Jayaraj GG, Hipp MS, Hartl FU. Functional Modules of the Proteostasis Network. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a033951. [PMID: 30833457 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells invest in an extensive network of factors to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and prevent the accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates. This proteostasis network (PN) comprises the machineries for the biogenesis, folding, conformational maintenance, and degradation of proteins with molecular chaperones as central coordinators. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the modular architecture of the PN in mammalian cells and how it is modified during cell differentiation. We discuss the capacity and limitations of the PN in maintaining proteome integrity in the face of proteotoxic stresses, such as aggregate formation in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we outline various pharmacological interventions to ameliorate proteostasis imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal G Jayaraj
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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65
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Pinho BR, Duarte AI, Canas PM, Moreira PI, Murphy MP, Oliveira JMA. The interplay between redox signalling and proteostasis in neurodegeneration: In vivo effects of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant in Huntington's disease mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:372-382. [PMID: 31751762 PMCID: PMC6970224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal protein homeostasis (proteostasis), dysfunctional mitochondria, and aberrant redox signalling are often associated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's (HD), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It remains incompletely understood, however, how changes in redox signalling affect proteostasis mechanisms, including protein degradation pathways and unfolded protein responses (UPR). Here we address this open question by investigating the interplay between redox signalling and proteostasis in a mouse model of HD, and by examining the in vivo effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ. We performed behavioural tests in wild-type and R6/2 HD mice, examined markers of oxidative stress, UPR activation, and the status of key protein degradation pathways in brain and peripheral tissues. We show that R6/2 mice present widespread markers of oxidative stress, with tissue-specific changes in proteostasis that were more pronounced in the brain and muscle than in the liver. R6/2 mice presented increased levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial chaperones, particularly in muscle, indicating UPR activation. Treatment with MitoQ significantly ameliorated fine motor control of R6/2 mice, and reduced markers of oxidative damage in muscle. Additionally, MitoQ attenuated overactive autophagy induction in the R6/2 muscle, which has been associated with muscle wasting. Treatment with MitoQ did not alter autophagy markers in the brain, in agreement with its low brain bioavailability, which limits the risk of impairing neuronal protein clearance mechanisms. This study supports the hypotheses that abnormal redox signalling in muscle contributes to altered proteostasis and motor impairment in HD, and that redox interventions can improve muscle performance, highlighting the importance of peripheral therapeutics in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20XY, UK
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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66
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Srinivasan V, Bruelle C, Scifo E, Pham DD, Soliymani R, Lalowski M, Lindholm D. Dynamic Interaction of USP14 with the Chaperone HSC70 Mediates Crosstalk between the Proteasome, ER Signaling, and Autophagy. iScience 2019; 23:100790. [PMID: 31901637 PMCID: PMC6941875 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
USP14 is a deubiquitinating enzyme associated with the proteasome important for protein degradation. Here we show that upon proteasome inhibition or expression of the mutant W58A-USP14, association of USP14 with the 19S regulatory particle is disrupted. MS-based interactomics revealed an interaction of USP14 with the chaperone, HSC70, in neuroblastoma cells. Proteasome inhibition enhanced binding of USP14 to HSC70, and to XBP1u and IRE1α proteins, demonstrating a role in the unfolded protein response. Striatal neurons expressing mutant huntingtin exhibited reduced USP14 and HSC70 levels, whereas inhibition of HSC70 downregulated USP14. Furthermore, proteasome inhibition or use of the mutant W58A-USP14 facilitated the interaction of USP14 with the autophagy protein, GABARAP. Functionally, overexpression of W58A-USP14 increased GABARAP positive autophagosomes in striatal neurons, and this was abrogated using the HSC70 inhibitor, VER-155008. Modulation of the USP14-HSC70 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target in HD to beneficially influence multiple proteostasis pathways. USP14 binds HSC70 upon proteasome inhibition This rises GABARAP autophagosomes in HD
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Srinivasan
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Celine Bruelle
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enzo Scifo
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Duc Pham
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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67
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the aggregation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein and its deposition into pathologic Lewy bodies. While extensive research has been carried out on mediators of α-synuclein aggregation, molecular facilitators of α-synuclein disaggregation are still generally unknown. We investigated the role of molecular chaperones in both preventing and disaggregating α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, with a focus on the mammalian disaggregase complex. Here, we show that overexpression of the chaperone Hsp110 is sufficient to reduce α-synuclein aggregation in a mammalian cell culture model. Additionally, we demonstrate that Hsp110 effectively mitigates α-synuclein pathology in vivo through the characterization of transgenic Hsp110 and double-transgenic α-synuclein/Hsp110 mouse models. Unbiased analysis of the synaptic proteome of these mice revealed that overexpression of Hsp110 can override the protein changes driven by the α-synuclein transgene. Furthermore, overexpression of Hsp110 is sufficient to prevent endogenous α-synuclein templating and spread following injection of aggregated α-synuclein seeds into brain, supporting a role for Hsp110 in the prevention and/or disaggregation of α-synuclein pathology.
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68
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Kampinga HH, Mayer MP, Mogk A. Protein quality control: from mechanism to disease : EMBO Workshop, Costa de la Calma (Mallorca), Spain, April 28 - May 03, 2019. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1013-1026. [PMID: 31713048 PMCID: PMC6882752 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular protein quality control machinery with its central constituents of chaperones and proteases is vital to maintain protein homeostasis under physiological conditions and to protect against acute stress conditions. Imbalances in protein homeostasis also are keys to a plethora of genetic and acquired, often age-related, diseases as well as aging in general. At the EMBO Workshop, speakers covered all major aspects of cellular protein quality control, from basic mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level to medical translation. In this report, the highlights of the meeting will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Science of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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69
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Fitzpatrick AW, Saibil HR. Cryo-EM of amyloid fibrils and cellular aggregates. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 58:34-42. [PMID: 31200186 PMCID: PMC6778506 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and other protein misfolding diseases are associated with the aggregation of a protein, which may be mutated in genetic forms of disease, or the wild type form in late onset sporadic disease. A wide variety of proteins and peptides can be involved, with aggregation originating from a natively folded or a natively unstructured species. Large deposits of amyloid fibrils are typically associated with cell death in late stage pathology. In this review, we illustrate the contributions of cryo-EM and related methods to the structure determination of amyloid fibrils extracted post mortem from patient brains or formed in vitro. We also discuss cell models of protein aggregation and the contributions of electron tomography to understanding the cellular context of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Wp Fitzpatrick
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, Quad 4C, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Helen R Saibil
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College London, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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70
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Deshayes N, Arkan S, Hansen C. The Molecular Chaperone DNAJB6, but Not DNAJB1, Suppresses the Seeded Aggregation of Alpha-Synuclein in Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184495. [PMID: 31514384 PMCID: PMC6769935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) can misfold and aggregate, causing the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, as seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recently demonstrated that DNAJB6, a co-chaperone found in Lewy bodies (LB), suppresses the aggregation of α-Syn in cells and in vitro. In this study, we compared the capacities of DNAJB1 and DNAJB6 to suppress the seeded α-Syn aggregation in HEK293 cells expressing α-Syn tagged with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) or yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). The aggregation of α-Syn was seeded by the transfection of the cells with recombinant α-Syn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs), following the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) of these two genes, respectively. We quantified the α-Syn aggregation by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. We detected significantly more aggregates in the DNAJB6 KO cells compared with the parental cells, whereas the DNAJB1 KO had no effect on the α-Syn aggregation. This is the first evidence that DNAJB6 can suppress α-Syn aggregation, induced by exogenous α-Syn seeds, in cells. Next, we explored whether this mechanism could be dependent on protein degradation pathways. We observed that the increase in the α-Syn PFF-induced aggregation in the DNAJB6 KO cells compared with the parental cells was strongly diminished upon the incubation of the cells with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. These results consolidate that DNAJB6 is a suppressor of α-Syn aggregation, and suggest that DNAJB6 may target misfolded and/or aggregated α-Syn for proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Deshayes
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sertan Arkan
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christian Hansen
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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71
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Kannaian B, Sharma B, Phillips M, Chowdhury A, Manimekalai MSS, Adav SS, Ng JTY, Kumar A, Lim S, Mu Y, Sze SK, Grüber G, Pervushin K. Abundant neuroprotective chaperone Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) disassembles the Amyloid-β fibrils. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12579. [PMID: 31467325 PMCID: PMC6715741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides leads to the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques. Molecular chaperones can facilitate the refolding or degradation of such misfolded proteins. Here, for the first time, we report the unique ability of Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) protein to act as a disaggregase on the pre-formed fibrils of Aβ(1-40), abbreviated as Aβ40, and Aβ(25-35) peptides, in addition to inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ monomers. Furthermore, our proteomics results indicate that L-PGDS can facilitate extraction of several other proteins from the insoluble aggregates extracted from the brain of an Alzheimer's disease patient. In this study, we have established the mode of binding of L-PGDS with monomeric and fibrillar Aβ using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Our results confirm a direct interaction between L-PGDS and monomeric Aβ40 and Aβ(25-35), thereby inhibiting their spontaneous aggregation. The monomeric unstructured Aβ40 binds to L-PGDS via its C-terminus, while the N-terminus remains free which is observed as a new domain in the L-PGDS-Aβ40 complex model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneswari Kannaian
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Bhargy Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Margaret Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Anup Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Malathy S S Manimekalai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Sunil S Adav
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Justin T Y Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu K Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Gerhard Grüber
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Konstantin Pervushin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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72
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Velasco L, Dublang L, Moro F, Muga A. The Complex Phosphorylation Patterns that Regulate the Activity of Hsp70 and Its Cochaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174122. [PMID: 31450862 PMCID: PMC6747476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins must fold into their native structure and maintain it during their lifespan to display the desired activity. To ensure proper folding and stability, and avoid generation of misfolded conformations that can be potentially cytotoxic, cells synthesize a wide variety of molecular chaperones that assist folding of other proteins and avoid their aggregation, which unfortunately is unavoidable under acute stress conditions. A protein machinery in metazoa, composed of representatives of the Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hsp110 chaperone families, can reactivate protein aggregates. We revised herein the phosphorylation sites found so far in members of these chaperone families and the functional consequences associated with some of them. We also discuss how phosphorylation might regulate the chaperone activity and the interaction of human Hsp70 with its accessory and client proteins. Finally, we present the information that would be necessary to decrypt the effect that post-translational modifications, and especially phosphorylation, could have on the biological activity of the Hsp70 system, known as the “chaperone code”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Velasco
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Dublang
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Arturo Muga
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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73
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Shorter J, Southworth DR. Spiraling in Control: Structures and Mechanisms of the Hsp104 Disaggregase. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034033. [PMID: 30745294 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hsp104 is a hexameric AAA+ ATPase and protein disaggregase found in yeast, which couples ATP hydrolysis to the dissolution of diverse polypeptides trapped in toxic preamyloid oligomers, phase-transitioned gels, disordered aggregates, amyloids, and prions. Hsp104 shows plasticity in disaggregating diverse substrates, but how its hexameric architecture operates as a molecular machine has remained unclear. Here, we highlight structural advances made via cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) that enhance our mechanistic understanding of Hsp104 and other related AAA+ translocases. Hsp104 hexamers are dynamic and adopt open "lock-washer" spiral states and closed ring structures that envelope polypeptide substrate inside the axial channel. ATP hydrolysis-driven conformational changes at the spiral seam ratchet substrate deeper into the channel. Remarkably, this mode of polypeptide translocation is reminiscent of models for how hexameric helicases unwind DNA and RNA duplexes. Thus, Hsp104 likely adapts elements of a deeply rooted, ring-translocase mechanism to the specialized task of protein disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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74
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Wentink A, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Bukau B. Modulation of Amyloid States by Molecular Chaperones. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a033969. [PMID: 30755450 PMCID: PMC6601462 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation is a defining feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. During pathological aggregation, key proteins transition from their native state to alternative conformations, which are prone to oligomerize into highly ordered fibrillar states. As part of the cellular quality control machinery, molecular chaperones can intervene at many stages of the aggregation process to inhibit or reverse aberrant protein aggregation or counteract the toxicity associated with amyloid species. Although the action of chaperones is considered cytoprotective, essential housekeeping functions can be hijacked for the propagation and spreading of protein aggregates, suggesting the cellular protein quality control system constitutes a double-edged sword in neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms used by chaperones to influence protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils to understand how the interplay of these activities produces specific cellular outcomes and to define mechanisms that may be targeted by pharmacological agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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75
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Shacham T, Sharma N, Lederkremer GZ. Protein Misfolding and ER Stress in Huntington's Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:20. [PMID: 31001537 PMCID: PMC6456712 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence in recent years indicates that protein misfolding and aggregation, leading to ER stress, are central factors of pathogenicity in neurodegenerative diseases. This is particularly true in Huntington's disease (HD), where in contrast with other disorders, the cause is monogenic. Mutant huntingtin interferes with many cellular processes, but the fact that modulation of ER stress and of the unfolded response pathways reduces the toxicity, places these mechanisms at the core and gives hope for potential therapeutic approaches. There is currently no effective treatment for HD and it has a fatal outcome a few years after the start of symptoms of cognitive and motor impairment. Here we will discuss recent findings that shed light on the mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation that give origin to ER stress in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Huntington's disease, on the cellular response and on how to use this knowledge for possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Shacham
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z Lederkremer
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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76
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Feleciano DR, Juenemann K, Iburg M, Brás IC, Holmberg CI, Kirstein J. Crosstalk Between Chaperone-Mediated Protein Disaggregation and Proteolytic Pathways in Aging and Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 30760997 PMCID: PMC6361847 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional protein quality control machinery is crucial to maintain cellular and organismal physiology. Perturbation in the protein homeostasis network can lead to the formation of misfolded and aggregated proteins that are a hallmark of protein conformational disorders and aging. Protein aggregation is counteracted by the action of chaperones that can resolubilize aggregated proteins. An alternative protein aggregation clearance strategy is the elimination by proteolysis employing the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) or autophagy. Little is known how these three protein aggregate clearance strategies are regulated and coordinated in an organism with the progression of aging or upon expression of disease-associated proteins. To unravel the crosstalk between the protein aggregate clearance options, we investigated how autophagy and the UPS respond to perturbations in protein disaggregation capacity. We found that autophagy is induced as a potential compensatory mechanism, whereas the UPS exhibits reduced capacity upon depletion of disaggregating chaperones in C. elegans and HEK293 cells. The expression of amyloid proteins Aβ3-42 and Q40 result in an impairment of autophagy as well as the UPS within the same and even across tissues. Our data indicate a tight coordination between the different nodes of the proteostasis network (PN) with the progression of aging and upon imbalances of the capacity of each clearance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo R Feleciano
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Juenemann
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Iburg
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inês C Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carina I Holmberg
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, and Medicum, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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77
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Soares TR, Reis SD, Pinho BR, Duchen MR, Oliveira JMA. Targeting the proteostasis network in Huntington's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:92-103. [PMID: 30502498 PMCID: PMC6320389 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion mutation in the huntingtin protein. Expansions above 40 polyglutamine repeats are invariably fatal, following a symptomatic period characterised by choreiform movements, behavioural abnormalities, and cognitive decline. While mutant huntingtin (mHtt) is widely expressed from early life, most patients with HD present in mid-adulthood, highlighting the role of ageing in disease pathogenesis. mHtt undergoes proteolytic cleavage, misfolding, accumulation, and aggregation into inclusion bodies. The emerging model of HD pathogenesis proposes that the chronic production of misfolded mHtt overwhelms the chaperone machinery, diverting other misfolded clients to the proteasome and the autophagy pathways, ultimately leading to a global collapse of the proteostasis network. Multiple converging hypotheses also implicate ageing and its impact in the dysfunction of organelles as additional contributing factors to the collapse of proteostasis in HD. In particular, mitochondrial function is required to sustain the activity of ATP-dependent chaperones and proteolytic machinery. Recent studies elucidating mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions and uncovering a dedicated proteostasis machinery in mitochondria, suggest that mitochondria play a more active role in the maintenance of cellular proteostasis than previously thought. The enhancement of cytosolic proteostasis pathways shows promise for HD treatment, protecting cells from the detrimental effects of mHtt accumulation. In this review, we consider how mHtt and its post translational modifications interfere with protein quality control pathways, and how the pharmacological and genetic modulation of components of the proteostasis network impact disease phenotypes in cellular and in vivo HD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia R Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sara D Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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78
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Kampinga HH, Andreasson C, Barducci A, Cheetham ME, Cyr D, Emanuelsson C, Genevaux P, Gestwicki JE, Goloubinoff P, Huerta-Cepas J, Kirstein J, Liberek K, Mayer MP, Nagata K, Nillegoda NB, Pulido P, Ramos C, De Los Rios P, Rospert S, Rosenzweig R, Sahi C, Taipale M, Tomiczek B, Ushioda R, Young JC, Zimmermann R, Zylicz A, Zylicz M, Craig EA, Marszalek J. Function, evolution, and structure of J-domain proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:7-15. [PMID: 30478692 PMCID: PMC6363617 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 chaperone systems are very versatile machines present in nearly all living organisms and in nearly all intracellular compartments. They function in many fundamental processes through their facilitation of protein (re)folding, trafficking, remodeling, disaggregation, and degradation. Hsp70 machines are regulated by co-chaperones. J-domain containing proteins (JDPs) are the largest family of Hsp70 co-chaperones and play a determining role functionally specifying and directing Hsp70 functions. Many features of JDPs are not understood; however, a number of JDP experts gathered at a recent CSSI-sponsored workshop in Gdansk (Poland) to discuss various aspects of J-domain protein function, evolution, and structure. In this report, we present the main findings and the consensus reached to help direct future developments in the field of Hsp70 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Claes Andreasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- Inserm, U1054, CNRS, UMR 5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Douglas Cyr
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cecilia Emanuelsson
- Center for Molecular Protein Sciences, CMPS, Dept. Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pierre Genevaux
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS-Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, 15 Innovative Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Pablo Pulido
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo De Los Rios
- EPFL SB IPHYS LBS BSP 723 (Cubotron UNIL), Rte de la Sorge, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Rospert
- Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Chandan Sahi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 066, India
| | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bratłomiej Tomiczek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Jason C Young
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alicja Zylicz
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zylicz
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elizabeth A Craig
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Marszalek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
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79
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Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are protein homopolymers that adopt diverse cross-β conformations. Some amyloid fibrils are associated with the pathogenesis of devastating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Conversely, functional amyloids play beneficial roles in melanosome biogenesis, long-term memory formation and release of peptide hormones. Here, we showcase advances in our understanding of amyloid assembly and structure, and how distinct amyloid strains formed by the same protein can cause distinct neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how mutant steric zippers promote deleterious amyloidogenesis and aberrant liquid-to-gel phase transitions. We also highlight effective strategies to combat amyloidogenesis and related toxicity, including: (1) small-molecule drugs (e.g. tafamidis) to inhibit amyloid formation or (2) stimulate amyloid degradation by the proteasome and autophagy, and (3) protein disaggregases that disassemble toxic amyloid and soluble oligomers. We anticipate that these advances will inspire therapeutics for several fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Summary: This Review showcases important advances in our understanding of amyloid structure, assembly and disassembly, which are inspiring novel therapeutic strategies for amyloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Acacia M Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina D Hesketh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA .,Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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80
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Abstract
Huntington's disease is caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the N-terminal exon of huntingtin (HttEx1), but the cellular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Here we present in situ structural studies by cryo-electron tomography of an established yeast model system of polyQ toxicity. We find that expression of polyQ-expanded HttEx1 results in the formation of unstructured inclusion bodies and in some cases fibrillar aggregates. This contrasts with recent findings in mammalian cells, where polyQ inclusions were exclusively fibrillar. In yeast, polyQ toxicity correlates with alterations in mitochondrial and lipid droplet morphology, which do not arise from physical interactions with inclusions or fibrils. Quantitative proteomic analysis shows that polyQ aggregates sequester numerous cellular proteins and cause a major change in proteome composition, most significantly in proteins related to energy metabolism. Thus, our data point to a multifaceted toxic gain-of-function of polyQ aggregates, driven by sequestration of endogenous proteins and mitochondrial and lipid droplet dysfunction.
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81
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Nillegoda NB, Wentink AS, Bukau B. Protein Disaggregation in Multicellular Organisms. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:285-300. [PMID: 29501325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregates are formed in cells with profoundly perturbed proteostasis, where the generation of misfolded proteins exceeds the cellular refolding and degradative capacity. They are a hallmark of protein conformational disorders and aged and/or environmentally stressed cells. Protein aggregation is a reversible process in vivo, which counteracts proteotoxicities derived from aggregate persistence, but the chaperone machineries involved in protein disaggregation in Metazoa were uncovered only recently. Here we highlight recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the major protein disaggregation machinery mediated by the Hsp70 chaperone system and discuss emerging alternative disaggregation activities in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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82
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Scior A, Buntru A, Arnsburg K, Ast A, Iburg M, Juenemann K, Pigazzini ML, Mlody B, Puchkov D, Priller J, Wanker EE, Prigione A, Kirstein J. Complete suppression of Htt fibrilization and disaggregation of Htt fibrils by a trimeric chaperone complex. EMBO J 2017; 37:282-299. [PMID: 29212816 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene (HTT). Molecular chaperones have been implicated in suppressing or delaying the aggregation of mutant Htt. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we have identified a trimeric chaperone complex (Hsc70, Hsp110, and J-protein) that completely suppresses fibrilization of HttExon1Q48 The composition of this chaperone complex is variable as recruitment of different chaperone family members forms distinct functional complexes. The trimeric chaperone complex is also able to resolubilize Htt fibrils. We confirmed the biological significance of these findings in HD patient-derived neural cells and on an organismal level in Caenorhabditis elegans Among the proteins in this chaperone complex, the J-protein is the concentration-limiting factor. The single overexpression of DNAJB1 in HEK293T cells is sufficient to profoundly reduce HttExon1Q97 aggregation and represents a target of future therapeutic avenues for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Scior
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Arnsburg
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Ast
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Iburg
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Juenemann
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Lucia Pigazzini
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin and NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mlody
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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