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Linkiewicz AM, Qi LL, Gill BS, Ratnasiri A, Echalier B, Chao S, Lazo GR, Hummel DD, Anderson OD, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Gustafson JP, La Rota CM, Sorrells ME, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Sandhu D, Bondareva SN, Gill KS, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Dubcovsky J. A 2500-locus bin map of wheat homoeologous group 5 provides insights on gene distribution and colinearity with rice. Genetics 2005; 168:665-76. [PMID: 15514043 PMCID: PMC1448825 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed high-density deletion bin maps of wheat chromosomes 5A, 5B, and 5D, including 2338 loci mapped with 1052 EST probes and 217 previously mapped loci (total 2555 loci). This information was combined to construct a consensus chromosome bin map of group 5 including 24 bins. A relatively higher number of loci were mapped on chromosome 5B (38%) compared to 5A (34%) and 5D (28%). Differences in the levels of polymorphism among the three chromosomes were partially responsible for these differences. A higher number of duplicated loci was found on chromosome 5B (42%). Three times more loci were mapped on the long arms than on the short arms, and a significantly higher number of probes, loci, and duplicated loci were mapped on the distal halves than on the proximal halves of the chromosome arms. Good overall colinearity was observed among the three homoeologous group 5 chromosomes, except for the previously known 5AL/4AL translocation and a putative small pericentric inversion in chromosome 5A. Statistically significant colinearity was observed between low-copy-number ESTs from wheat homoeologous group 5 and rice chromosomes 12 (88 ESTs), 9 (72 ESTs), and 3 (84 ESTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Linkiewicz
- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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52
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Qi LL, Echalier B, Chao S, Lazo GR, Butler GE, Anderson OD, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Ratnasiri A, Dubcovsky J, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, Greene RA, Kantety R, La Rota CM, Munkvold JD, Sorrells SF, Sorrells ME, Dilbirligi M, Sidhu D, Erayman M, Randhawa HS, Sandhu D, Bondareva SN, Gill KS, Mahmoud AA, Ma XF, Gustafson JP, Conley EJ, Nduati V, Gonzalez-Hernandez JL, Anderson JA, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Pathan MS, Zhang DS, Nguyen HT, Choi DW, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Gill BS. A chromosome bin map of 16,000 expressed sequence tag loci and distribution of genes among the three genomes of polyploid wheat. Genetics 2005; 168:701-12. [PMID: 15514046 PMCID: PMC1448828 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the huge size of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) genome of 17,300 Mb, sequencing and mapping of the expressed portion is a logical first step for gene discovery. Here we report mapping of 7104 expressed sequence tag (EST) unigenes by Southern hybridization into a chromosome bin map using a set of wheat aneuploids and deletion stocks. Each EST detected a mean of 4.8 restriction fragments and 2.8 loci. More loci were mapped in the B genome (5774) than in the A (5173) or D (5146) genomes. The EST density was significantly higher for the D genome than for the A or B. In general, EST density increased relative to the physical distance from the centromere. The majority of EST-dense regions are in the distal parts of chromosomes. Most of the agronomically important genes are located in EST-dense regions. The chromosome bin map of ESTs is a unique resource for SNP analysis, comparative mapping, structural and functional analysis, and polyploid evolution, as well as providing a framework for constructing a sequence-ready, BAC-contig map of the wheat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Qi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502, USA
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53
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Peng JH, Lapitan NLV. Characterization of EST-derived microsatellites in the wheat genome and development of eSSR markers. Funct Integr Genomics 2005; 5:80-96. [PMID: 15650880 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-004-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Revised: 10/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
EST-derived microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (eSSR) occur in expressed sequence tags (EST). Here we report characteristics of eSSRs in the wheat genome, construction of consensus chromosome bin maps of SSR-containing ESTs ((SSR)ESTs), and development of eSSR markers for the 21 wheat chromosomes. A Perl script known as MISA was used to identify eSSRs in wheat ESTs available in the database http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/cgi-bin/ace/search/wEST ). Among 492,832 ESTs from the database, 36,520 (7.41%) contained 43,598 eSSRs. This is equivalent to 1 eSSR per 5.46 kb EST sequence. About 60% of the eSSRs were trinucleotides, 19.7% were mononucleotide, 16.7% were dinucleotides, and the remaining approximately 3% consisted of tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotides. Among the identified eSSRs, (CCG/CGG)n is the most frequent (20.5%) followed by (A/T)n at 13.6%, (AAC/GTT)n at 11.7%, and (AG/CT)n at 8.7%. Among ESTs previously mapped to wheat chromosome bins, a total of 1,010 eSSR loci were derived from 341 (SSR)ESTs. Consensus chromosome bin maps showing the chromosome locations of (SSR)ESTs, SSR sequence motif, and cDNA library were constructed. A chi(2) test indicated that the distribution pattern of eSSR loci was generally similar to that of the original mapped ESTs in the wheat genome. Forty-eight (SSR)ESTs were converted into PCR-based eSSR markers, and 266 eSSR loci were mapped to specific chromosome arms using wheat cytogenetic stocks. The average polymorphism information content (0.45+/-0.16) of eSSR markers was lower than that reported for genomic SSRs (0.54+/-0.19), but higher than RFLPs (0.30+/-0.27). The eSSR markers were transferable among related Triticeae species, Triticum aestivum, T. durum, T. dicoccoides, Hordeum spontaneum, H. vulgare, and Secale cereale. The results confirm the presence of SSRs in expressed genes of wheat and demonstrate another application of ESTs in genomics research. eSSRs will be useful for gene tagging, gene cloning, and comparative genomics studies of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Peng
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA.
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2005. [PMCID: PMC2447482 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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55
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Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Lazo GR, Hegstad J, Wentz MJ, Kianian PMA, Simons K, Gehlhar S, Rust JL, Syamala RR, Obeori K, Bhamidimarri S, Karunadharma P, Chao S, Anderson OD, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Linkiewicz AM, Ratnasiri A, Dubcovsky J, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Miftahudin, Ross K, Gustafson JP, Radhawa HS, Dilbirligi M, Gill KS, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Greene RA, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, Sorrells ME, Feril O, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, Gonzalez-Hernandez JL, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Choi DW, Fenton D, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Kianian SF. A chromosome bin map of 2148 expressed sequence tag loci of wheat homoeologous group 7. Genetics 2004; 168:687-99. [PMID: 15514045 PMCID: PMC1448827 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop a high-density chromosome bin map of homoeologous group 7 in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), to identify gene distribution in these chromosomes, and to perform comparative studies of wheat with rice and barley. We mapped 2148 loci from 919 EST clones onto group 7 chromosomes of wheat. In the majority of cases the numbers of loci were significantly lower in the centromeric regions and tended to increase in the distal regions. The level of duplicated loci in this group was 24% with most of these loci being localized toward the distal regions. One hundred nineteen EST probes that hybridized to three fragments and mapped to the three group 7 chromosomes were designated landmark probes and were used to construct a consensus homoeologous group 7 map. An additional 49 probes that mapped to 7AS, 7DS, and the ancestral translocated segment involving 7BS also were designated landmarks. Landmark probe orders and comparative maps of wheat, rice, and barley were produced on the basis of corresponding rice BAC/PAC and genetic markers that mapped on chromosomes 6 and 8 of rice. Identification of landmark ESTs and development of consensus maps may provide a framework of conserved coding regions predating the evolution of wheat genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Hossain
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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56
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Peng JH, Zadeh H, Lazo GR, Gustafson JP, Chao S, Anderson OD, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Dilbirligi M, Sandhu D, Gill KS, Greene RA, Sorrells ME, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Mahmoud AA, Miftahudin, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Lapitan NLV. Chromosome bin map of expressed sequence tags in homoeologous group 1 of hexaploid wheat and homoeology with rice and Arabidopsis. Genetics 2004; 168:609-23. [PMID: 15514039 PMCID: PMC1448821 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated 2212 EST loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). EST deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show EST distribution. EST loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. The number of EST loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. The distribution of ESTs along chromosome arms was nonrandom with EST clusters occurring in the distal regions of short arms and middle regions of long arms. Duplications of group 1 ESTs in other homoeologous groups occurred at a rate of 35.5%. Seventy-five percent of wheat chromosome 1 ESTs had significant matches with rice sequences (E < or = e(-10)), where large regions of conservation occurred between wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 5 and between the proximal portion of the long arm of wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 10. Only 9.5% of group 1 ESTs showed significant matches to Arabidopsis genome sequences. The results presented are useful for gene mapping and evolutionary and comparative genomics of grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Peng
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, USA
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57
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Munkvold JD, Greene RA, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, La Rota CM, Edwards H, Sorrells SF, Dake T, Benscher D, Kantety R, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Miftahudin, Gustafson JP, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, Matthews DE, Chao S, Lazo GR, Hummel DD, Anderson OD, Anderson JA, Gonzalez-Hernandez JL, Peng JH, Lapitan N, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Sandhu D, Erayman M, Gill KS, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Sorrells ME. Group 3 chromosome bin maps of wheat and their relationship to rice chromosome 1. Genetics 2004; 168:639-50. [PMID: 15514041 PMCID: PMC1448823 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of this study was to analyze the content, distribution, and comparative genome relationships of 996 chromosome bin-mapped expressed sequence tags (ESTs) accounting for 2266 restriction fragments (loci) on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Of these loci, 634, 884, and 748 were mapped on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D, respectively. The individual chromosome bin maps revealed bins with a high density of mapped ESTs in the distal region and bins of low density in the proximal region of the chromosome arms, with the exception of 3DS and 3DL. These distributions were more localized on the higher-resolution group 3 consensus map with intermediate regions of high-mapped-EST density on both chromosome arms. Gene ontology (GO) classification of mapped ESTs was not significantly different for homoeologous group 3 chromosomes compared to the other groups. A combined analysis of the individual bin maps using 537 of the mapped ESTs revealed rearrangements between the group 3 chromosomes. Approximately 232 (44%) of the consensus mapped ESTs matched sequences on rice chromosome 1 and revealed large- and small-scale differences in gene order. Of the group 3 mapped EST unigenes approximately 21 and 32% matched the Arabidopsis coding regions and proteins, respectively, but no chromosome-level gene order conservation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Munkvold
- Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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58
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Miftahudin, Ross K, Ma XF, Mahmoud AA, Layton J, Milla MAR, Chikmawati T, Ramalingam J, Feril O, Pathan MS, Momirovic GS, Kim S, Chema K, Fang P, Haule L, Struxness H, Birkes J, Yaghoubian C, Skinner R, McAllister J, Nguyen V, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Dilbirligi M, Gill KS, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, Sorrells ME, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Lazo GR, Chao S, Anderson OD, Gonzalez-Hernandez J, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Choi DW, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Nguyen HT, Gustafson JP. Analysis of expressed sequence tag loci on wheat chromosome group 4. Genetics 2004; 168:651-63. [PMID: 15514042 PMCID: PMC1448824 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1918 loci, detected by the hybridization of 938 expressed sequence tag unigenes (ESTs) from 26 Triticeae cDNA libraries, were mapped to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) homoeologous group 4 chromosomes using a set of deletion, ditelosomic, and nulli-tetrasomic lines. The 1918 EST loci were not distributed uniformly among the three group 4 chromosomes; 41, 28, and 31% mapped to chromosomes 4A, 4B, and 4D, respectively. This pattern is in contrast to the cumulative results of EST mapping in all homoeologous groups, as reported elsewhere, that found the highest proportion of loci mapped to the B genome. Sixty-five percent of these 1918 loci mapped to the long arms of homoeologous group 4 chromosomes, while 35% mapped to the short arms. The distal regions of chromosome arms showed higher numbers of loci than the proximal regions, with the exception of 4DL. This study confirmed the complex structure of chromosome 4A that contains two reciprocal translocations and two inversions, previously identified. An additional inversion in the centromeric region of 4A was revealed. A consensus map for homoeologous group 4 was developed from 119 ESTs unique to group 4. Forty-nine percent of these ESTs were found to be homoeologous to sequences on rice chromosome 3, 12% had matches with sequences on other rice chromosomes, and 39% had no matches with rice sequences at all. Limited homology (only 26 of the 119 consensus ESTs) was found between wheat ESTs on homoeologous group 4 and the Arabidopsis genome. Forty-two percent of the homoeologous group 4 ESTs could be classified into functional categories on the basis of blastX searches against all protein databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miftahudin
- Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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59
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Conley EJ, Nduati V, Gonzalez-Hernandez JL, Mesfin A, Trudeau-Spanjers M, Chao S, Lazo GR, Hummel DD, Anderson OD, Qi LL, Gill BS, Echalier B, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, Ma XF, Miftahudin, Gustafson JP, Greene RA, Sorrells ME, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Sidhu D, Dilbirligi M, Gill KS, Choi DW, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Anderson JA. A 2600-locus chromosome bin map of wheat homoeologous group 2 reveals interstitial gene-rich islands and colinearity with rice. Genetics 2004; 168:625-37. [PMID: 15514040 PMCID: PMC1448822 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex hexaploid wheat genome offers many challenges for genomics research. Expressed sequence tags facilitate the analysis of gene-coding regions and provide a rich source of molecular markers for mapping and comparison with model organisms. The objectives of this study were to construct a high-density EST chromosome bin map of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes to determine the distribution of ESTs, construct a consensus map of group 2 ESTs, investigate synteny, examine patterns of duplication, and assess the colinearity with rice of ESTs assigned to the group 2 consensus bin map. A total of 2600 loci generated from 1110 ESTs were mapped to group 2 chromosomes by Southern hybridization onto wheat aneuploid chromosome and deletion stocks. A consensus map was constructed of 552 ESTs mapping to more than one group 2 chromosome. Regions of high gene density in distal bins and low gene density in proximal bins were found. Two interstitial gene-rich islands flanked by relatively gene-poor regions on both the short and long arms and having good synteny with rice were discovered. The map locations of two ESTs indicated the possible presence of a small pericentric inversion on chromosome 2B. Wheat chromosome group 2 was shown to share syntenous blocks with rice chromosomes 4 and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Conley
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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