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Li L, Lu H, Zhao Y, Luo J, Yang L, Liu W, He Q. Functionalized cell-free scaffolds for bone defect repair inspired by self-healing of bone fractures: A review and new perspectives. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1241-1251. [PMID: 30813005 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that scaffolds, a component of bone tissue engineering, play an indispensable role in bone repair. However, these scaffolds involving ex-vivo cultivated cells seeded have disadvantages in clinical practice, such as limited autologous cells, time-consuming cell expansion procedures, low survival rate and immune-rejection issues. To overcome these disadvantages, recent focus has been placed on the design of functionalized cell-free scaffolds, instead of cell-seeded scaffolds, that can reduplicate the natural self-healing events of bone fractures, such as inflammation, cell recruitment, vascularization, and osteogenic differentiation. New approaches and applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine continue to drive the development of functionalized cell-free scaffolds for bone repair. In this review, the self-healing processes were highlighted, and approaches for the functionalization were summarized. Also, ongoing efforts and breakthroughs in the field of functionalization for bone defect repair were discussed. Finally, a brief summery and new perspectives for functionalization strategies were presented to provide guidelines for further efforts in the design of bioinspired cell-free scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Orthopedic Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Orthopedic Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jiangming Luo
- Center of Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Qingyi He
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Orthopedic Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Wu X, Qiu W, Hu Z, Lian J, Liu Y, Zhu X, Tu M, Fang F, Yu Y, Valverde P, Tu Q, Yu Y, Chen J. An Adiponectin Receptor Agonist Reduces Type 2 Diabetic Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:313-321. [PMID: 30626266 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518818449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is twice as prevalent in diabetics as in nondiabetics, and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated periodontitis is severe in many cases due to the altered and aberrant functions of bone cells in hyperglycemic conditions. Therefore, developing an effective method to halt the disease process, as well as restore and regenerate lost alveolar bone to reserve the natural teeth in diabetics, is critically important. In the current study, we applied a newly discovered adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon (APR) in experimental periodontitis in diabetic animal models and demonstrated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that when APR systemically quenched the blood sugar level in diet-induced obesity (DIO) diabetic mice, it reduced osteoclast numbers and alveolar bone loss significantly due to APR's inhibition on osteoclast differentiation shown in our in vitro studies. APR also decreased the production of proinflammatory molecules CC chemokine ligand 2 and interleukin 6 in diseased gingival tissues. On the other hand, APR promoted alveolar bone regeneration through enhancing osteogenic differentiation and decreasing stromal cell-derived factor 1 in the bone marrow that facilitates stem cell migration. Same results were achieved by APR treatment of periodontitis induced in adiponectin (APN) knockout mice, indicating the ability of APR to activate the endogenous APN receptors to exert osteoanabolic effects. In summary, our study supports the notion that APR could be used as an effective multipronged approach to target T2D-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Qiu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Hu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Lian
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Zhu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Tu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Fang
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Yu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Valverde
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Tu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Yu
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang J, Li J, Lu Y, Yang H, Hong N, Jin L, Li Y, Wu S. Incorporation of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α in Three-Dimensional Hydroxyapatite/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:911-921. [PMID: 33405848 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration strategies rely on biomaterial constructs with stem cells or growth factors. By comparison, cell homing strategies employ chemokines to recruit the host endogenous stem or progenitor cells to the defect site to support endogenous healing. In the present study, we used a novel fluffy hydroxyapatite/polyacrylonitrile (HA/PAN) composite scaffold to provide a better three-dimensional cell culture microenvironment. These HA/PAN composite scaffolds loaded with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) provided a diffusion-controlled SDF-1α release profile and endowed the scaffolds with cell homing capabilities. Furthermore, the scaffolds significantly stimulated bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) recruitment, facilitated BMSC osteogenic differentiation, and promoted ectopic bone formation. Our results suggest that a HA/PAN composite scaffold loaded with SDF-1α offers a clinically beneficial bone repair strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieda Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yeming Lu
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Nanrui Hong
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Airport Road, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, No. 6, Wenchang Road, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Shuyi Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
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Asiedu KO, Ferdousi M, Ton PT, Adler SS, Choyke PL, Sato N. Bone marrow cell homing to sites of acute tibial fracture: 89Zr-oxine cell labeling with positron emission tomographic imaging in a mouse model. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:109. [PMID: 30547233 PMCID: PMC6292830 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fracture healing is dependent upon the rapid migration and engraftment of bone marrow (BM) progenitor and stem cells to the site of injury. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 plays a crucial role in recruiting BM cells expressing its receptor CXCR4. Recently, a CXCR4 antagonist, plerixafor, has been used to mobilize BM cells into the blood in efforts to enhance cell migration to sites of injury presumably improving healing. In this study, we employed zirconium-89 (89Zr)-oxine-labeled BM cells imaged with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to visualize and quantitate BM cell trafficking following acute bone injury and to investigate the effect of plerixafor on BM cell homing. Unilateral 1-mm incisions were created in the distal tibia of mice either on the same day (d0) or 24 h (d1) after 89Zr-oxine-labeled BM cell transfer (n = 4–6, 2–2.3 × 107 cells at 9.65–15.7 kBq/106 cells). Serial microPET/CT imaging was performed and migration of 89Zr-labeled cells to the bone injury was quantified. The effects of three daily doses of plerixafor on cell trafficking were evaluated beginning on the day of fracture generation (n = 4–6). The labeled cells localizing to the fracture were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results In d0- and d1-fracture groups, 0.7% and 1.7% of administered BM cells accumulated within the fracture, respectively. Plerixafor treatment reduced BM cell migration to the fracture by approximately one-third (p < 0.05 for both fracture groups). Flow cytometry analysis of donor cells collected from the injured site revealed a predominance of CD45+ stem/progenitor cell populations and subsequent histological analysis demonstrated the presence of donor cells engrafted within sites of fracture repair. Conclusion 89Zr-oxine labeling enabled visualization and quantitation of BM cell recruitment to acute fractures and further demonstrated that plerixafor plays an inhibitory role in this recruitment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0463-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley O Asiedu
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Building 10, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1002, USA
| | - Munira Ferdousi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Building 10, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1002, USA
| | - Phuongnga T Ton
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Building 10, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1002, USA
| | - Stephen S Adler
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Building 10, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1002, USA
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Building 10, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1002, USA.
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Circulating osteogenic precursor cells: Building bone from blood. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:603-611. [PMID: 30522933 PMCID: PMC6354620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells constitute a recently discovered population of circulating progenitor cells with the capacity to form not only bone but other mesenchymal tissues. There is a small, but growing body of literature exploring these cells, but with a great deal of disagreement and contradiction within it. This review explores the origins and biological characterization of these cells, including the identification strategies used to isolate these cells from the peripheral blood. It also examines the available knowledge on the in vitro and in vivo behaviour of these cells, in the areas of plastic adherence, differentiation capacity, proliferation, and cellular homing. We also review the implications for future use of COP cells in clinical practice, particularly in the area of regenerative medicine and the treatment and assessment of musculoskeletal disease. Circulating Osteogenic Precursors are circulating cells with characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. They are able to differentiate into bone, fat, cartilage and muscle, but many other characteristics remain unknown. They are heterogenous, with at least two specific populations present, with displaying different markers and behaviors.
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Kimura T, Ozaki T, Fujita K, Yamashita A, Morioka M, Ozono K, Tsumaki N. Proposal of patient-specific growth plate cartilage xenograft model for FGFR3 chondrodysplasia. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1551-1561. [PMID: 30086379 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FGFR3 chondrodysplasia is caused by a gain-of-function mutation of the FGFR3 gene. The disease causes abnormal growth plate cartilage and lacks effective drug treatment. We sought to establish an in vivo model for the study of FGFR3 chondrodysplasia pathology and drug testing. DESIGN We created cartilage from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and transplanted the cartilage into the subcutaneous spaces of immunodeficient mice. We then created cartilage from the hiPSCs of patients with FGFR3 chondrodysplasia and transplanted them into immunodeficient mice. We treated some mice with a FGFR inhibitor after the transplantation. RESULTS Xenografting the hiPSC-derived cartilage reproduced human growth plate cartilage consisting of zones of resting, proliferating, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes and bone in immunodeficient mice. Immunohistochemistry of xenografts using anti-human nuclear antigen antibody indicated that all chondrocytes in growth plate cartilage were human, whereas bone was composed of human and mouse cells. The pathology of small hypertrophic chondrocytes due to up-regulated FGFR3 signaling in FGFR3 skeletal dysplasia was recapitulated in growth plate cartilage formed in the xenografts of patient-specific hiPSC-derived cartilage. The mean diameters of hypertrophic chondrocytes between wild type and thanatophoric dysplasia were significantly different (95% CI: 13.2-26.9; n = 4 mice, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)). The pathology was corrected by systemic administration of a FGFR inhibitor to the mice. CONCLUSION The patient-specific growth plate cartilage xenograft model for FGFR3 skeletal dysplasia indicated recapitulation of pathology and effectiveness of a FGFR inhibitor for treatment and warrants more study for its usefulness to study disease pathology and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kimura
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - T Ozaki
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - K Fujita
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - A Yamashita
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - M Morioka
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - K Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - N Tsumaki
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan.
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Wang L, Chopp M, Szalad A, Lu X, Lu M, Zhang T, Zhang ZG. Angiopoietin-1/Tie2 signaling pathway contributes to the therapeutic effect of thymosin β4 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neurosci Res 2018; 147:1-8. [PMID: 30326249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and its receptor Tie2 regulate vascular function. Our previous study demonstrated that thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) ameliorates neurological function of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy have not been fully investigated. The present in vivo study investigated whether the Ang1/Tie2 signaling pathway is involved in Tβ4-improved neurovascular remodeling in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic BKS. Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 and neutralizing antibody against mouse Tie2 for 4 consecutive weeks. Neurological functional and neurovascular remodeling were measured. Administration of the neutralizing antibody against Tie2 attenuated the therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on improved diabetic peripheral neuropathy as measured by motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and thermal hypoesthesia compared to diabetic db/db mice treated with Tβ4 only. Histopathological analysis revealed that the neutralizing antibody against Tie2 abolished Tβ4-increased microvascular density in sciatic nerve and intraepidermal nerve fiber density, which were associated with suppression of Tβ4-upregulated occludin expression and Tβ4-reduced protein levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1). Our data provide in vivo evidence that the Ang1/Tie2 pathway contributes to the therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, USA.
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | | | - XueRong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Talan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Moukoko D, Pourquier D, Genovesio C, Thezenas S, Chabrand P, Roffino S, Pithioux M. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor enhances bone fracture healing. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 58:62-68. [PMID: 30036852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating mesenchymal stem cells contribute to bone repair. Their incorporation in fracture callus is correlated to their bioavailability. In addition, Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor induces the release of vascular and mesenchymal progenitors. We hypothesized that this glycoprotein stimulates fracture healing, and analyzed the effects of its administration at low doses on bone healing. METHODS 27 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent mid-femur osteotomy stabilized by centromedullar pinning. In a post (pre) operative group, rats were subcutaneously injected with 5 μg/kg per day of Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for 5 days after (before) surgery. In a control group, rats were injected with saline solution for 5 days immediately after surgery. A radiographic consolidation score was calculated. At day 35, femurs were studied histologically and underwent biomechanical tests. FINDINGS 5 weeks after surgery, mean radiographic scores were significantly higher in the Preop group 7.75 (SD 0.42) and in the Postop group 7.67 (SD 0.52) than in the control group 6.75 (SD 0.69). Biomechanical tests showed femur stiffness to be more than three times higher in both the Preop 109.24 N/mm (SD 51.86) and Postop groups 100.05 N/mm (SD 60.24) than in control 32.01 N/mm (SD 15.78). Mean maximal failure force was twice as high in the Preop group 68.66 N (SD 27.78) as in the control group 34.21 N (SD 11.79). Histological results indicated a later consolidation process in control than in treated groups. INTERPRETATION Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor injections strongly stimulated early femur fracture healing, indicating its potential utility in human clinical situations such as programmed osteotomy and fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Moukoko
- Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique Pédiatrique, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Didier Pourquier
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM)- Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Genovesio
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Simon Thezenas
- Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM)- Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Chabrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, IML, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Roffino
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, IML, Marseille, France.
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Loder SJ, Agarwal S, Chung MT, Cholok D, Hwang C, Visser N, Vasquez K, Sorkin M, Habbouche J, Sung HH, Peterson J, Fireman D, Ranganathan K, Breuler C, Priest C, Li J, Bai X, Li S, Cederna PS, Levi B. Characterizing the Circulating Cell Populations in Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2464-2473. [PMID: 30142335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs secondary to trauma, causing pain and functional limitations. Identification of the cells that contribute to HO is critical to the development of therapies. Given that innate immune cells and mesenchymal stem cells are known contributors to HO, we sought to define the contribution of these populations to HO and to identify what, if any, contribution circulating populations have to HO. A shared circulation was obtained using a parabiosis model, established between an enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive/luciferase+ donor and a same-strain nonreporter recipient mouse. The nonreporter mouse received Achilles tendon transection and dorsal burn injury to induce HO formation. Bioluminescence imaging and immunostaining were performed to define the circulatory contribution of immune and mesenchymal cell populations. Histologic analysis showed circulating cells present throughout each stage of the developing HO anlagen. Circulating cells were present at the injury site during the inflammatory phase and proliferative period, with diminished contribution in mature HO. Immunostaining demonstrated that most early circulatory cells were from the innate immune system; only a small population of mesenchymal cells were present in the HO. We demonstrate the time course of the participation of circulatory cells in trauma-induced HO and identify populations of circulating cells present in different stages of HO. These findings further elucidate the relative contribution of local and systemic cell populations to HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J Loder
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shailesh Agarwal
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael T Chung
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Cholok
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles Hwang
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Noelle Visser
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kaetlin Vasquez
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joe Habbouche
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hsiao H Sung
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua Peterson
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Fireman
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kavitha Ranganathan
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher Breuler
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Caitlin Priest
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Li
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xue Bai
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuli Li
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Burn/Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Novel Lipid Signaling Mediators for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mobilization during Bone Repair. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:241-253. [PMID: 29983824 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSCs), which normally reside in the bone marrow, are critical to bone health and can be recruited to sites of traumatic bone injury, contributing to new bone formation. The ability to control the trafficking of MSCs provides therapeutic potential for improving traumatic bone healing and therapy for genetic bone diseases such as hypophosphatasia. Methods In this study, we explored the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling axis as a means to control the mobilization of MSCs into blood and possibly to recruit MSCs enhancing bone growth. Results Loss of S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) leads to an increase in circulating CD45-/CD29+/CD90+/Sca1 putative mesenchymal progenitor cells, suggesting that blocking S1PR3 may stimulate MSCs to leave the bone marrow. Antagonism of S1PR3 with the small molecule VPC01091 stimulated acute migration of CD45-/CD29+/CD90+/Sca1+ MSCs into the blood as early as 1.5 hours after treatment. VPC01091 administration also increased ectopic bone formation induced by BMP-2 and significantly increased new bone formation in critically sized rat cranial defects, suggesting that mobilized MSCs may home to injuries to contribute to healing. We also explored the possibility of combining S1P manipulation of endogenous host cell occupancy with exogenous MSC transplantation for potential use in combination therapies. Importantly, reducing niche occupancy of host MSCs with VPC01091 does not impede engraftment of exogenous MSCs. Conclusions Our studies suggest that MSC mobilization through S1PR3 antagonism is a promising strategy for endogenous tissue engineering and improving MSC delivery to treat bone diseases.
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Cai X, Yang F, Walboomers XF, Wang Y, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJJP, Plachokova AS. Periodontal regeneration via chemoattractive constructs. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:851-860. [PMID: 29779212 PMCID: PMC6055718 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim Chemoattractants, such as stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α), can offer an advantage for periodontal regeneration by recruiting the patient’s own stem cells to stimulate self‐repair. We here developed a chemoattractive construct for periodontal regeneration using SDF‐1α and evaluated its efficacy in vivo. Materials and Methods SDF‐1α was loaded on gelatin sponge and tested in vitro for SDF‐1α release. Subsequently, SDF‐1α constructs were implanted into rat periodontal defects for 1 and 6 weeks, with unloaded materials and empty defects as controls. The regenerative efficacy was evaluated by micro‐CT, histological and histomorphometrical analyses. Results In vitro results showed limited SDF‐1α release up to 35 days. In contrast, SDF‐1α constructs significantly improved periodontal defect regeneration in terms of alveolar bone height, new bone area and functional ligament length. Additionally, SDF‐1α constructs decreased the inflammatory response at Week 6. Conclusion Chemoattractive constructs significantly improved periodontal regeneration in terms of alveolar bone height, new bone area and functional ligament length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Cai
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Adelina S Plachokova
- Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Tellier L, Krieger J, Brimeyer A, Coogan A, Falis A, Rinker T, Schudel A, Thomas S, Jarrett C, Willett N, Botchwey E, Temenoff J. Localized SDF-1α Delivery Increases Pro-Healing Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in the Supraspinatus Muscle Following Severe Rotator Cuff Injury. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 4:92-103. [PMID: 30288396 PMCID: PMC6166879 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To examine how the chemotactic agent stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α) modulates the unique cellular milieu within rotator cuff muscle following tendon injury, we developed an injectable, heparin-based microparticle platform to locally present SDF-1α within the supraspinatus muscle following severe rotator cuff injury. SDF-1α loaded, degradable, N-desulfated heparin-based microparticles were fabricated, injected into a rat model of severe rotator cuff injury, and were retained for up to 7 days at the site. The resultant inflammatory cell and mesenchymal stem cell populations were analyzed compared to uninjured contralateral controls and, after 7 days, the fold-change in anti-inflammatory, M2-like macrophages (CD11b+CD68+CD163+, 4.3X fold-change) and mesenchymal stem cells (CD29+CD44+CD90+, 3.0X, respectively) was significantly greater in muscles treated with SDF-1α loaded microparticles than unloaded microparticles or injury alone. Our results indicate that SDF-1α loaded microparticles may be a novel approach to shift the cellular composition within the supraspinatus muscle and create a more pro-regenerative milieu, which may provide a platform to improve muscle repair following rotator cuff injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.E. Tellier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - J.R. Krieger
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A.L. Brimeyer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A.C. Coogan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A.A. Falis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - T.E. Rinker
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A. Schudel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - S.N. Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Decatur, GA
| | - C.D. Jarrett
- Wilmington Health Orthopedic Medical Center, Wilmington, NC
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Decatur, GA
| | - N.J. Willett
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Decatur, GA
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - E.A. Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - J.S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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Updates on the Mechanisms and the Care of Cardiovascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2018; 38:233-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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64
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Lim RZL, Li L, Yong EL, Chew N. STAT-3 regulation of CXCR4 is necessary for the prenylflavonoid Icaritin to enhance mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1680-1692. [PMID: 29679717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. MSCs derived from osteoporotic subjects demonstrate significant impairment in proliferation, adhesion and chemotaxis, and osteogenic differentiation, leading to reduced functional bone-forming osteoblasts and ultimately nett bone loss and osteoporosis. Epimedium herbs and its active compound Icaritin (ICT) have been used in Chinese ethnopharmacology for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Using an in-vitro cell culture model, we investigated the benefits of ICT treatment in enhancing MSC proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation, and provide novel data to describe its mechanism of action. ICT enhances MSC proliferation, chemotaxis to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and osteogenic differentiation through the activation of signal transduction activator transcription factor 3 (STAT-3), with a consequential up-regulation in the expression and activity of cysteine (C)-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). These findings provide a strong basis for future clinical studies to confirm the therapeutic potential of ICT for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Z L Lim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Li
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E L Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - N Chew
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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65
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Hu Y, Ran J, Zheng Z, Jin Z, Chen X, Yin Z, Tang C, Chen Y, Huang J, Le H, Yan R, Zhu T, Wang J, Lin J, Xu K, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Cai Y, Dominique P, Heng BC, Chen W, Shen W, Ouyang HW. Exogenous stromal derived factor-1 releasing silk scaffold combined with intra-articular injection of progenitor cells promotes bone-ligament-bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2018. [PMID: 29524675 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most difficult tissues to heal once injured. Ligament regeneration and tendon-bone junction healing are two major goals of ACL reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic therapeutic effects of Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)-releasing collagen-silk (CSF) scaffold combined with intra-articular injection of ligament-derived stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs) for ACL regeneration and the amelioration in the long-term complication of osteoarthritis (OA). The stem cell recruitment ability of CSF scaffold and the multipotency, particularly the tendon forming ability of LSPCs from rabbits were characterized in vitro, while the synergistic effect of the CSF scaffold and LSPCs for ACL regeneration and OA amelioration were investigated in vivo at 1, 3, and 6 months with a rabbit ACL reconstruction model. The CSF scaffold was used as a substitute for the ACL, and LSPCs were injected into the joint cavity after 7 days of the ACL reconstruction. CSF scaffold displayed a controlled release pattern for the encapsulated protein for up to 7 days with an increased stiffness in the mechanical property. LSPCs, which exhibited highly I Collagen and CXCR4 expression, were attracted by SDF-1 and successfully relocated into the CSF scaffold at 1 month in vivo. At 3 and 6 months post-treatment, the CSF scaffold combined with LSPCs (CSFL group) enhanced the regeneration of ACL tissue, and promoted bone tunnel healing. Furthermore, the OA progression was impeded efficiently. Our findings here provided a new strategy that using stem cell recruiting CSF scaffold with tissue-specific stem cells, could be a promising solution for ACL regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we developed a silk scaffold with increased stiffness and SDF-1 controlled release capacity for ligament repair. This advanced scaffold transplantation combined with intra-articular injection of LSPCs (which was isolated from rabbit ligament for the first time in this study) promoted the regeneration of both the tendinous and bone tunnel portion of ACL. This therapeutic strategy also ameliorated cartilage degeneration and reduced the severity of arthrofibrosis. Hence, combining LSPCs injection with SDF-1-releasing silk scaffold is demonstrated as a therapeutic strategy for ACL regeneration and OA treatment in the clinic.
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Egan KP, Duque G, Keenan MA, Pignolo RJ. Circulating osteogentic precursor cells in non-hereditary heterotopic ossification. Bone 2018; 109:61-64. [PMID: 29305336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-hereditary heterotopic ossification (NHHO) may occur after musculoskeletal trauma, central nervous system (CNS) injury, or surgery. We previously described circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells as a bone marrow-derived type 1 collagen+CD45+subpopulation of mononuclear adherent cells that are able of producing extraskeletal ossification in a murine in vivo implantation assay. In the current study, we performed a tissue analysis of COP cells in NHHO secondary to defined conditions, including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accident, trauma without neurologic injury, and joint arthroplasty. All bone specimens revealed the presence of COP cells at 2-14 cells per high power field. COP cells were localized to early fibroproliferative and neovascular lesions of NHHO with evidence for their circulatory status supported by their presence near blood vessels in examined lesions. This study provides the first systematic evaluation of COP cells as a contributory histopathological finding associated with multiple forms of NHHO. These data support that circulating, hematopoietic-derived cells with osteogenic potential can seed inflammatory sites, such as those subject to soft tissue injury, and due to their migratory nature, may likely be involved in seeding sites distant to CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Egan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mary Ann Keenan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Haumer A, Bourgine PE, Occhetta P, Born G, Tasso R, Martin I. Delivery of cellular factors to regulate bone healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:285-294. [PMID: 29357301 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue has a strong intrinsic regenerative capacity, thanks to a delicate and complex interplay of cellular and molecular processes, which tightly involve the immune system. Pathological settings of anatomical, biomechanical or inflammatory nature may lead to impaired bone healing. Innovative strategies to enhance bone repair, including the delivery of osteoprogenitor cells or of potent cytokines/morphogens, indicate the potential of 'orthobiologics', but are not fully satisfactory. Here, we review different approaches based on the delivery of regenerative cues produced by cells but in cell-free, possibly off-the-shelf configurations. Such strategies exploit the paracrine effect of the secretome of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, presented in soluble form, shuttled through extracellular vesicles, or embedded within the network of extracellular matrix molecules. In addition to osteoinductive molecules, attention is given to factors targeting the resident immune cells, to reshape inflammatory and immunity processes from scarring to regenerative patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haumer
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Emile Bourgine
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Occhetta
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gordian Born
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roberta Tasso
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IST, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Lees-Shepard JB, Goldhamer DJ. Stem cells and heterotopic ossification: Lessons from animal models. Bone 2018; 109:178-186. [PMID: 29409971 PMCID: PMC5866227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Put most simply, heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of bone at extraskeletal sites. HO can be classified into two main subtypes, genetic and acquired. Acquired HO is a common complication of major connective tissue injury, traumatic central nervous system injury, and surgical interventions, where it can cause significant pain and postoperative disability. A particularly devastating form of HO is manifested in the rare genetic disorder, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), in which progressive heterotopic bone formation occurs throughout life, resulting in painful and disabling cumulative immobility. While the central role of stem/progenitor cell populations in HO is firmly established, the identity of the offending cell type(s) remains to be conclusively determined, and little is known of the mechanisms that direct these progenitor cells to initiate cartilage and bone formation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the cells responsible for acquired HO and FOP, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of animal models used to interrogate the cellular origins of HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Lees-Shepard
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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Wang C, Abu-Amer Y, O'Keefe RJ, Shen J. Loss of Dnmt3b in Chondrocytes Leads to Delayed Endochondral Ossification and Fracture Repair. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:283-297. [PMID: 29024060 PMCID: PMC5809267 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite advanced understanding of signaling mediated by local and systemic factors, the role of epigenetic factors in the regulation of bone regeneration remains vague. The DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b have tissue specific expression patterns and create unique methylation signatures to regulate gene expression. Using a stabilized murine tibia fracture model we find that Dnmt3b is induced early in fracture healing, peaks at 10 days post fracture (dpf), and declines to nearly undetectable levels by 28 dpf. Dnmt3b expression was cell-specific and stage-specific. High levels were observed in chondrogenic lineage cells within the fracture callus. To determine the role of Dnmt3b in fracture healing, Agc1CreERT2 ;Dnmt3bf/f (Dnmt3bAgc1ER ) mice were generated to delete Dnmt3b in chondrogenic cells. Dnmt3bAgc1ER fracture displayed chondrogenesis and chondrocyte maturation defect, and a delay in the later events of angiogenesis, ossification, and bone remodeling. Biomechanical studies demonstrated markedly reduced strength in Dnmt3bAgc1ER fractures and confirmed the delay in repair. The angiogenic response was reduced in both vessel number and volume at 10 and 14 dpf in Dnmt3bAgc1ER mice. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased CD31 expression, consistent with the reduced angiogenesis. Finally, in vitro angiogenesis assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that loss of Dnmt3b in chondrocytes significantly reduced tube formation and endothelial migration. To identify specific angiogenic factors involved in the decreased callus vascularization, a protein array was performed using conditioned media isolated from control and Dnmt3b loss-of-function chondrocytes. Several angiogenic factors, including CXCL12 and osteopontin (OPN) were reduced in chondrocytes following loss of Dnmt3b. DNA methylation analysis further identified hypomethylation in Cxcl12 promoter region. Importantly, the defects in tube formation and cell migration could be rescued by administration of CXCL12 and/or OPN. Altogether, our findings establish that Dnmt3b positively regulates chondrocyte maturation process, and its genetic ablation leads to delayed angiogenesis and fracture repair. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Chen G, Fang T, Qi Y, Yin X, Di T, Feng G, Lei Z, Zhang Y, Huang Z. Combined Use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Sheet Transplantation and Local Injection of SDF-1 for Bone Repair in a Rat Nonunion Model. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1801-1817. [PMID: 26883892 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone nonunion treatments pose a challenge in orthopedics. This study investigated the joint effects of using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets with local injection of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on bone formation. In vitro, we found that migration of MSCs was mediated by SDF-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, stimulation with SDF-1 had no direct effect on the proliferation or osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, the results indicated elevated expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and vascular endothelial growth factor in MSC sheets compared with MSCs cultured in medium. New bone formation in fractures was evaluated by X-ray, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Safranin-O staining, and immunohistochemistry in vivo. In the rat bone fracture model, the MSC sheets transplanted into the injured site along with injection of SDF-1 showed significantly more new bone formation within the gap. Moreover, at 8 weeks, complete bone union was obtained in this group. In contrast, the control group showed nonunion of the bone. Our study suggests a new strategy involving the use of MSC sheets with a local injection of SDF-1 for hard tissue reconstruction, such as the healing of nonunions and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangnan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tuoyu Di
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Egashira K, Sumita Y, Zhong W, I T, Ohba S, Nagai K, Asahina I. Bone marrow concentrate promotes bone regeneration with a suboptimal-dose of rhBMP-2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191099. [PMID: 29346436 PMCID: PMC5773187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow concentrate (BMC), which is enriched in mononuclear cells (MNCs) and platelets, has recently attracted the attention of clinicians as a new optional means for bone engineering. We previously reported that the osteoinductive effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) could be enhanced synergistically by co-transplantation of peripheral blood (PB)-derived platelet-rich plasma (PRP). This study aims to investigate whether BMC can effectively promote bone formation induced by low-dose BMP-2, thereby reducing the undesirable side-effects of BMP-2, compared to PRP. Human BMC was obtained from bone marrow aspirates using an automated blood separator. The BMC was then seeded onto β-TCP granules pre-adsorbed with a suboptimal-dose (minimum concentration to induce bone formation at 2 weeks in mice) of recombinant human (rh) BMP-2. These specimens were transplanted subcutaneously to the dorsal skin of immunodeficient-mice and the induction of ectopic bone formation was assessed 2 and 4 weeks post-transplantation. Transplantations of five other groups [PB, PRP, platelet-poor plasma (PPP), bone marrow aspirate (BM), and BM-PPP] were employed as experimental controls. Then, to clarify the effects on vertical bone augmentation, specimens from the six groups were transplanted for on-lay placement on the craniums of mice. The results indicated that BMC, which contained an approximately 2.5-fold increase in the number of MNCs compared to PRP, could accelerate ectopic bone formation until 2 weeks post-transplantation. On the cranium, the BMC group promoted bone augmentation with a suboptimal-dose of rhBMP-2 compared to other groups. Particularly in the BMC specimens harvested at 4 weeks, we observed newly formed bone surrounding the TCP granules at sites far from the calvarial bone. In conclusion, the addition of BMC could reduce the amount of rhBMP-2 by one-half via its synergistic effect on early-phase osteoinduction. We propose here that BMC transplantation facilitates the clinical use of rhBMP-2 as an alternative strategy for bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Egashira
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Weijian Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Takashi I
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Seigo Ohba
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagai
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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72
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Zhou C, Xu AT, Wang DD, Lin GF, Liu T, He FM. The effects of Sr-incorporated micro/nano rough titanium surface on rBMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation for rapid osteointegration. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1946-1961. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MNT-Sr can promote rBMSC osteogenic differentiation and significantly enhance rBMSC migration and homing via activation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prothodontics
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - An-tian Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prothodontics
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prothodontics
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Guo-fen Lin
- Department of General Dentistry
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Fu-ming He
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prothodontics
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
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73
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Lin SC, Lee YC, Yu G, Cheng CJ, Zhou X, Chu K, Murshed M, Le NT, Baseler L, Abe JI, Fujiwara K, deCrombrugghe B, Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Maity SN, Lin SH. Endothelial-to-Osteoblast Conversion Generates Osteoblastic Metastasis of Prostate Cancer. Dev Cell 2017; 41:467-480.e3. [PMID: 28586644 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis is frequently associated with bone-forming lesions, but the source of the osteoblastic lesions remains unclear. We show that the tumor-induced bone derives partly from tumor-associated endothelial cells that have undergone endothelial-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) conversion. The tumor-associated osteoblasts in PCa bone metastasis specimens and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were found to co-express endothelial marker Tie-2. BMP4, identified in PDX-conditioned medium, promoted EC-to-OSB conversion of 2H11 endothelial cells. BMP4 overexpression in non-osteogenic C4-2b PCa cells led to ectopic bone formation under subcutaneous implantation. Tumor-induced bone was reduced in trigenic mice (Tie2cre/Osxf/f/SCID) with endothelial-specific deletion of osteoblast cell-fate determinant OSX compared with bigenic mice (Osxf/f/SCID). Thus, tumor-induced EC-to-OSB conversion is one mechanism that leads to osteoblastic bone metastasis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chien-Jui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Khoi Chu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laura Baseler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benoit deCrombrugghe
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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74
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Lo Sicco C, Tasso R. Harnessing Endogenous Cellular Mechanisms for Bone Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:52. [PMID: 28929099 PMCID: PMC5591576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although autologous tissue transplantation represents a valid approach for bone repair, it has encountered crucial barriers in therapeutic translation, not least the invasive process necessary for stem cell isolation. In recent years, the scientific community has made significant strides for identifying new treatment options, and great emphasis has been placed on the tight interaction between skeletal and immune system in modulating the outcome of bone repair. Within the context of specific injury environmental cues, the cross talk among inflammatory cells and tissue resident and/or circulating progenitor cells is crucial to finely coordinate repair and remodeling processes. The appropriate modulation of the inflammatory response can now be considered a new trend in the field of regenerative medicine, as it raises the attracting possibility to enhance endogenous progenitor cell functions, finally leading to tissue repair. Therefore, new treatment options have been developed considering the wide spectrum of bone–inflammation interplay, considering in particular the cell intrinsic cues responsible for the modulation of the injured environment. In this review, we will provide a panoramic overview focusing on novel findings developed to uphold endogenous bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lo Sicco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Tasso
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico per l'Oncologia, Genoa, Italy
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75
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Dawson LA, Yu L, Yan M, Marrero L, Schanes PP, Dolan C, Pela M, Petersen B, Han M, Muneoka K. The periosteal requirement and temporal dynamics of BMP2-induced middle phalanx regeneration in the adult mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:140-150. [PMID: 28975034 PMCID: PMC5617898 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of mammalian limbs is restricted to amputation of the distal digit tip, the terminal phalanx (P3). The adjacent skeletal element, the middle phalanx (P2), has emerged as a model system to investigate regenerative failure and as a site to test approaches aimed at enhancing regeneration. We report that exogenous application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) stimulates the formation of a transient cartilaginous callus distal to the amputation plane that mediates the regeneration of the amputated P2 bone. BMP2 initiates a significant regeneration response during the periosteal‐derived cartilaginous healing phase of P2 bone repair, yet fails to induce regeneration in the absence of periosteal tissue, or after boney callus formation. We provide evidence that a temporal component exists in the induced regeneration of P2 that we define as the “regeneration window.” In this window, cells are transiently responsive to BMP2 after the amputation injury. Simple re‐injury of the healed P2 stump acts to reinitiate endogenous bone repair, complete with periosteal chondrogenesis, thus reopening the “regeneration window” and thereby recreating a regeneration‐permissive environment that is responsive to exogenous BMP2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Dawson
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Ling Yu
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Mingquan Yan
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Luis Marrero
- Department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Paula P Schanes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Connor Dolan
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA
| | - Maegan Pela
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Britta Petersen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Manjong Han
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Ken Muneoka
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
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76
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Lana JFSD, Purita J, Paulus C, Huber SC, Rodrigues BL, Rodrigues AA, Santana MH, Madureira JL, Malheiros Luzo ÂC, Belangero WD, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM. Contributions for classification of platelet rich plasma - proposal of a new classification: MARSPILL. Regen Med 2017; 12:565-574. [PMID: 28758836 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a significant therapy used in medical conditions with heterogeneous results. There are some important classifications to try to standardize the PRP procedure. The aim of this report is to describe PRP contents studying celular and molecular components, and also propose a new classification for PRP. The main focus is on mononuclear cells, which comprise progenitor cells and monocytes. In addition, there are important variables related to PRP application incorporated in this study, which are the harvest method, activation, red blood cells, number of spins, image guidance, leukocytes number and light activation. The other focus is the discussion about progenitor cells presence on peripherial blood which are interesting due to neovasculogenesis and proliferation. The function of monocytes (in tissue-macrophages) are discussed here and also its plasticity, a potential property for regenerative medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Purita
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ana Amélia Rodrigues
- Orthopaedic Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Santana
- Department of Engineering of Materials & Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - William Dias Belangero
- Orthopaedic Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
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77
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Zhao W, Jin K, Li J, Qiu X, Li S. Delivery of stromal cell-derived factor 1α for in situ tissue regeneration. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:22. [PMID: 28670340 PMCID: PMC5492719 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ tissue regeneration approach aims to exploit the body's own biological resources and reparative capability and recruit host cells by utilizing cell-instructive biomaterials. In order to immobilize and release bioactive factors in biomaterials, it is important to engineer the load effectiveness, release kinetics and cell recruiting capabilities of bioactive molecules by using suitable bonding strategies. Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) is one of the most potent chemokines for stem cell recruitment, and SDF-1α-loaded scaffolds have been used for the regeneration of many types of tissues. This review summarizes the strategies to incorporate SDF-1α into scaffolds, including direct loading or adsorption, polyion complexes, specific heparin-mediated interaction and particulate system, which may be applied to the immobilization of other chemokines or growth factors. In addition, we discuss the application of these strategies in the regeneration of tissues such as blood vessel, myocardium, cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Kaixiang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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78
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Cancedda R, Bollini S, Descalzi F, Mastrogiacomo M, Tasso R. Learning from Mother Nature: Innovative Tools to Boost Endogenous Repair of Critical or Difficult-to-Heal Large Tissue Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:28. [PMID: 28503549 PMCID: PMC5408079 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For repair of chronic or difficult-to-heal tissue lesions and defects, major constraints exist to a broad application of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches, i.e., transplantation of “ex vivo” expanded autologous stem/progenitor cells, alone or associated with carrier biomaterials. To enable a large number of patients to benefit, new strategies should be considered. One of the main goals of contemporary regenerative medicine is to develop new regenerative therapies, inspired from Mother Nature. In all injured tissues, when platelets are activated by tissue contact, their released factors promote innate immune cell migration to the wound site. Platelet-derived factors and factors secreted by migrating immune cells create an inflammatory microenvironment, in turn, causing the activation of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis processes. Eventually, repair or regeneration of the injured tissue occurs via paracrine signals activating, mobilizing or recruiting to the wound site cells with healing potential, such as stem cells, progenitors, or undifferentiated cells derived from the reprogramming of tissue differentiated cells. This review, largely based on our studies, discusses the identification of new tools, inspired by cellular and molecular mechanisms overseeing physiological tissue healing, that could reactivate dormant endogenous regeneration mechanisms lost during evolution and ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Cancedda
- Biorigen Srl, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Tasso
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST National Institute of Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
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79
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Abstract
Ultrasound is an inaudible form of acoustic sound wave at 20 kHz or above that is widely used in the medical field with applications including medical imaging and therapeutic stimulation. In therapeutic ultrasound, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is the most widely used and studied form that generally uses acoustic waves at an intensity of 30 mW/cm2, with 200 ms pulses and 1.5 MHz. In orthopaedic applications, it is used as a biophysical stimulus for musculoskeletal tissue repair to enhance tissue regeneration. LIPUS has been shown to enhance fracture healing by shortening the time to heal and reestablishment of mechanical properties through enhancing different phases of the healing process, including the inflammatory phase, callus formation, and callus remodelling phase. Reports from in vitro studies reveal insights in the mechanism through which acoustic stimulations activate cell surface integrins that, in turn, activate various mechanical transduction pathways including FAK (focal adhesion kinase), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), PI3K, and Akt. It is then followed by the production of cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 to stimulate further downstream angiogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cytokines, explaining the different enhancements observed in animal and clinical studies. Furthermore, LIPUS has also been shown to have remarkable effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in musculoskeletal injuries and tissue regeneration. The recruitment of MSCs to injury sites by LIPUS requires the SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor-1)/CXCR-4 signalling axis. MSCs would then differentiate differently, and this is regulated by the presence of different cytokines, which determines their fates. Other musculoskeletal applications including bone–tendon junction healing, and distraction osteogenesis are also explored, and the results are promising. However, the use of LIPUS is controversial in treating osteoporosis, with negative findings in clinical settings, which may be attributable to the absence of an injury entry point for the acoustic signal to propagate, strong attenuation effect of cortical bone and the insufficient intensity for penetration, whereas in some animal studies it has proven effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Astronaut Center of China (CUHK-ACC) Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Astronaut Center of China (CUHK-ACC) Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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80
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Lo SC, Li KC, Chang YH, Hsu MN, Sung LY, Vu TA, Hu YC. Enhanced critical-size calvarial bone healing by ASCs engineered with Cre/loxP-based hybrid baculovirus. Biomaterials 2017; 124:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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81
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Lin W, Xu L, Zwingenberger S, Gibon E, Goodman SB, Li G. Mesenchymal stem cells homing to improve bone healing. J Orthop Translat 2017; 9:19-27. [PMID: 29662796 PMCID: PMC5822957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy continues to attract growing interest as a promising approach to treat a variety of diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been one of the most intensely studied candidates for cell therapy. Since the homing capacity of MSCs is an important determinant of effective MSC-based therapy, the enhancement of homing efficiency is essential for optimizing the therapeutic outcome. Furthermore, trafficking of endogenous MSCs to damaged tissues, also referred to as endogenic stem cell homing, and the subsequent participation of MSCs in tissue regeneration are considered to be a natural self-healing response. Therefore, strategies to stimulate and reinforce the mobilisation and homing of MSCs have become a key point in regenerative medicine. The current review focuses on advances in the mechanisms and factors governing trafficking of MSCs, and the relationship between MSC mobilisation and skeletal diseases, providing insights into strategies for their potential translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Stefan Zwingenberger
- Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, APHP, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center Outpatient Center, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center Outpatient Center, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
- Corresponding authors. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center Outpatient Center, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA (S. Goodman); Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China (G. Li).
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Corresponding authors. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center Outpatient Center, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA (S. Goodman); Room 904, 9/F, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China (G. Li).
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82
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Kaku M, Kitami M, Rosales Rocabado JM, Ida T, Akiba Y, Uoshima K. Recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to the periodontal ligament via the stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 axis. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:686-694. [PMID: 28177531 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a non-mineralized connective tissue that exists between the alveolar bone and root surface cementum and plays important roles in tooth function. The PDL harbors a remarkable reserve of multipotent stem cells, which maintain various types of cells. However, the sources of these stem cells, other than their developmental origin, are not well understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS To elucidate the recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells in the PDL, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing BM-derived cells were transplanted into the femoral BM of immunodeficient rats, and the distribution and expression of stem cell markers in the PDL were analyzed in vivo. To evaluate the functional significance of BM-derived cells to the PDL, tooth replantation was performed and the expression of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, a critical chemotactic signal for mesenchymal stem cell recruitment, was analyzed. To confirm the SDF-1-dependency of BM-derived cell migration to the PDL, PDL-conditioned medium (CM) was prepared, and BM-derived cell migration was analyzed using a transwell culture system. RESULTS Four weeks after cell transplantation, GFP-positive cells were detected in the PDL, and some of them were also positive for stem cell markers (i.e., CD29, SSEA4, and αSMA). Seven days after tooth replantation, the number of GFP- and SDF-1-positive cells significantly increased in PDL. Concurrently, the concentration of SDF-1 and the number of colony-forming units of fibroblasts in peripheral blood were increased. BM-derived cell migration increased in PDL-CM and was inhibited by an inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), an SDF-1 receptor. CONCLUSION These results indicate that stem cells and their progeny in PDL are not only derived from their developmental origin but are also supplied from the BM via the blood as the need arises. Moreover, this BM-derived cell recruitment appears to be regulated, at least partially, by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Kitami
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - J M Rosales Rocabado
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Ida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Akiba
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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83
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Takayama T, Dai J, Tachi K, Shohara R, Kasai H, Imamura K, Yamano S. The potential of stromal cell-derived factor-1 delivery using a collagen membrane for bone regeneration. J Biomater Appl 2017; 31:1049-1061. [PMID: 28056602 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216686727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a cytokine that is important in stem and progenitor cell recruitment in tissue repair after injury. Regenerative procedures using collagen membranes (CMs) are presently well established in periodontal and implant dentistry. The objective of this study is to test the subsequent effects of the released SDF-1 from a CM on bone regeneration compared to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro studies, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteoblastic differentiation marker genes were assessed after MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts were cultured with CMs containing factors. In vivo effects were investigated by placement of CMs containing SDF-1 or PDGF using a rat mandibular bone defect model. At 4 weeks after the surgery, the new bone formation was measured using micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histological analysis. The results of in vitro studies revealed that CM delivery of SDF-1 significantly induced cell proliferation, ALP activity, and gene expression of all osteogenic markers compared to the CM alone or control, similar to PDGF. Quantitative and qualitative µCT analysis for volume of new bone formation and the percentage of new bone area showed that SDF-1-treated groups significantly increased and accelerated bone regeneration compared to control and CM alone. The enhancement of bone formation in SDF-1-treated animals was dose-dependent and with levels similar to those measured with PDGF. These results suggest that a CM with SDF-1 may be a great candidate for growth factor delivery that could be a substitute for PDGF in clinical procedures where bone regeneration is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Takayama
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jisen Dai
- 3 Mouse Genotyping Core, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keita Tachi
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryutaro Shohara
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hironori Kasai
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seiichi Yamano
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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84
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Otsuru S, Overholt KM, Olson TS, Hofmann TJ, Guess AJ, Velazquez VM, Kaito T, Dominici M, Horwitz EM. Hematopoietic derived cells do not contribute to osteogenesis as osteoblasts. Bone 2017; 94:1-9. [PMID: 27725318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite years of extensive investigation, the cellular origin of heterotopic ossification (HO) has not been fully elucidated. We have previously shown that circulating bone marrow-derived osteoblast progenitor cells, characterized by the immunophenotype CD45-/CD44+/CXCR4+, contributed to the formation of heterotopic bone induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. In contrast, other reports have demonstrated the contribution of CD45+ hematopoietic derived cells to HO. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel triple transgenic mouse strain that allows us to visualize CD45+ cells with red fluorescence and mature osteoblasts with green fluorescence. These mice were generated by crossing CD45-Cre mice with Z/RED mice that express DsRed, a variant of red fluorescent protein, after Cre-mediated recombination, and then crossing with Col2.3GFP mice that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in mature osteoblasts. Utilizing this model, we were able to investigate if hematopoietic derived cells have the potential to give rise to mature osteoblasts. Analyses of this triple transgenic mouse model demonstrated that DsRed and GFP did not co-localize in either normal skeletogenesis, bone regeneration after fracture, or HO. This indicates that in these conditions hematopoietic derived cells do not differentiate into mature osteoblasts. Interestingly, we observed the presence of previously unidentified DsRed positive bone lining cells (red BLCs) which are derived from hematopoietic cells but lack CD45 expression. These red BLCs fail to produce GFP even under in vitro osteogenic conditions. These findings indicate that, even though both osteoblasts and hematopoietic cells are developmentally derived from mesoderm, hematopoietic derived cells do not contribute to osteogenesis in fracture healing or HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Otsuru
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Overholt
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Timothy S Olson
- Division of Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ted J Hofmann
- Division of Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam J Guess
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Victoria M Velazquez
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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85
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Glorie L, D'Haese PC, Verhulst A. Boning up on DPP4, DPP4 substrates, and DPP4-adipokine interactions: Logical reasoning and known facts about bone related effects of DPP4 inhibitors. Bone 2016; 92:37-49. [PMID: 27535784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a conserved exopeptidase with an important function in protein regulation. The activity of DPP4, an enzyme which can either be anchored to the plasma membrane or circulate free in the extracellular compartment, affects the glucose metabolism, cellular signaling, migration and differentiation, oxidative stress and the immune system. DPP4 is also expressed on the surface of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, and was found to play a role in collagen metabolism. Many substrates of DPP4 have an established role in bone metabolism, among which are incretins, gastrointestinal peptides and neuropeptides. In general, their effects favor bone formation, but some effects are complex and have not been completely elucidated. DPP4 and some of its substrates are known to interact with adipokines, playing an essential role in the energy metabolism. The prolongation of the half-life of incretins through DPP4 inhibition led to the development of these inhibitors to improve glucose tolerance in diabetes. Current literature indicates that the inhibition of DPP4 activity might also result in a beneficial effect on the bone metabolism, but the long-term effect of DPP4 inhibition on fracture outcome has not been entirely established. Diabetic as well as postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with an increased activity of DPP4, as well as a shift in the expression levels of DPP4 substrates, their receptors, and adipokines. The interactions between these factors and their relationship in bone metabolism are therefore an interesting field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Glorie
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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86
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Aikawa E, Fujita R, Asai M, Kaneda Y, Tamai K. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products-Mediated Signaling Impairs the Maintenance of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Diabetic Model Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1721-1732. [PMID: 27539289 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been demonstrated to contribute to tissue regeneration. However, chronic pathological conditions, such as diabetes and aging, can result in a decreased number and/or quality of BM-MSCs. We therefore investigated the maintenance mechanism of BM-MSCs by studying signaling through the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which is thought to be activated under various pathological conditions. The abundance of endogenous BM-MSCs decreased in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) model, as determined by performing colony-forming unit (CFU) assays. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the prevalence of the Lin-/ckit-/CD106+/CD44- BM population, which was previously identified as a slow-cycling BM-MSC population, also decreased. Furthermore, in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM model (DM1), the CFUs of fibroblasts and the prevalence of the Lin-/ckit-/CD106+/CD44- BM population also significantly decreased. BM-MSCs in RAGE knockout (KO) mice were resistant to such reduction induced by streptozotocin treatment, suggesting that chronic RAGE signaling worsened the maintenance mechanism of BM-MSCs. Using an in vitro culture condition, BM-MSCs from RAGE-KO mice showed less proliferation and expressed significantly more Nanog and Oct-4, which are key factors in multipotency, than did wild-type BM-MSCs. Furthermore, RAGE-KO BM-MSCs showed a greater capacity for differentiation into mesenchymal lineages, such as adipocytes and osteocytes. These data suggested that RAGE signaling inhibition is useful for maintaining BM-MSCs in vitro. Together, our findings indicated that perturbation of BM-MSCs in DM could be partially explained by chronic RAGE signaling and that targeting the RAGE signaling pathway is a viable approach for maintaining BM-MSCs under chronic pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Aikawa
- 1 Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujita
- 1 Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Japan .,2 Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki, Japan .,3 Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Japan
| | - Maiko Asai
- 4 Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University , Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- 3 Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Japan
| | - Katsuto Tamai
- 1 Department of Stem Cell Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Japan
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87
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Shen X, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li B, Chen L. Sequential and sustained release of SDF-1 and BMP-2 from silk fibroin-nanohydroxyapatite scaffold for the enhancement of bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 106:205-16. [PMID: 27566869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a cell-free bone tissue engineering system based on a silk fibroin (SF)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) scaffold was developed, in which two bioactive molecules, stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), were embedded and released in a sequential and controlled manner to facilitate cell recruitment and bone formation, respectively. BMP-2 was initially loaded into SF microspheres, and these BMP-2 containing microspheres were subsequently encapsulated into the SF/nHAp scaffolds, which were successively functionalized with SDF-1 via physical adsorption. The results indicated rapid initial release of SDF-1 during the first few days, followed by slow and sustained release of BMP-2 for as long as three weeks. The composite scaffold significantly promoted the recruitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteogenic differentiation of them in vitro. Further, the in vivo studies using D-Luciferin-labeled BMSCs indicated that implantation of this composite scaffold markedly promoted the recruitment of BMSCs to the implanted sites. Enhanced bone regeneration was identified at 12 weeks' post-implantation. Taken together, our findings suggested that the sequential and sustained release of SDF-1 and BMP-2 from the SF/nHAp scaffolds resulted in a synergistic effect on bone regeneration. Such a composite system, therefore, shows promising potential for cell-free bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, PR China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China; Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
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88
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Hirata E, Miyako E, Hanagata N, Ushijima N, Sakaguchi N, Russier J, Yudasaka M, Iijima S, Bianco A, Yokoyama A. Carbon nanohorns allow acceleration of osteoblast differentiation via macrophage activation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14514-14522. [PMID: 27412794 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02756c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanohorns (CNHs), formed by a rolled graphene structure and terminating in a cone, are promising nanomaterials for the development of a variety of biological applications. Here we demonstrate that alkaline phosphatase activity is dramatically increased by coculture of human monocyte derived macrophages (hMDMs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the presence of CNHs. CNHs were mainly localized in the lysosome of macrophages more than in hMSCs during coculturing. At the same time, the amount of Oncostatin M (OSM) in the supernatant was also increased during incubation with CNHs. Oncostatin M (OSM) from activated macrophage has been reported to induce osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization through STAT3. These results suggest that the macrophages engulfed CNHs and accelerated the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the osteoblast via OSM release. We expect that the proof-of-concept on the osteoblast differentiation capacity by CNHs will allow future studies focused on CNHs as ideal therapeutic materials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Hirata
- Department of Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
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89
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Du L, Feng R, Ge S. PTH/SDF-1α cotherapy promotes proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:599-608. [PMID: 27523567 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) plays an important role in tissue regeneration in various tissues including the periodontium. A potential limitation for its use derives from its sensitivity to cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduces enzymatic activity of DPP-IV and is suggested to be a promising agent for periodontal tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into how SDF-1α and intermittent PTH treatment might affect proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDLSCs were isolated by the limiting dilution method. Surface markers were quantified by flow cytometry. Cell-counting kit-8 (CCK8), cell migration assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and RT-PCR were used to determine viability, migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. RESULTS PDLSCs were positive for CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166 and STRO-1 and negative for CD14, CD34 and CD45. PTH/SDF-1α cotherapy significantly promoted cell proliferation, chemotactic capability, ALP activity and mineral deposition (P<.05). Gene expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) were all up-regulated (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS PTH/SDF-1α cotherapy promoted proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro. Cotherapy seemed to have potential to promote periodontal tissue regeneration by facilitating chemotaxis of PDLSCs to the injured site, followed by promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijuan Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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90
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Harrison A, Lin S, Pounder N, Mikuni-Takagaki Y. Mode & mechanism of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in fracture repair. ULTRASONICS 2016; 70:45-52. [PMID: 27130989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been 30years since the first level one clinical trial demonstrated low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) could accelerate fracture repair. Since 1994 numerous investigations have been performed on the effect of LIPUS. The majority of these studies have used the same signal parameters comprised of an intensity of 30mW/cm(2) SATA, an ultrasound carrier frequency of 1.5MHz, pulsed at 1kHz with an exposure time of 20minutes per day. These studies show that a biological response is stimulated in the cell which produces bioactive molecules. The production of these molecules, linked with observations demonstrating the enhanced effects on mineralization by LIPUS, might be considered the general manner, or mode, of how LIPUS stimulates fractures to heal. We propose a mechanism for how the LIPUS signal can enhance fracture repair by combining the findings of numerous studies. The LIPUS signal is transmitted through tissue to the bone, where cells translate this mechanical signal to a biochemical response via integrin mechano-receptors. The cells enhance the production of cyclo-oxygenese 2 (COX-2) which in turn stimulates molecules to enhance fracture repair. The aim of this review is to present the state of the art data related to LIPUS effects and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheldon Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, USA
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91
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Goto Y, Aoyama M, Sekiya T, Kakita H, Waguri-Nagaya Y, Miyazawa K, Asai K, Goto S. CXCR4 + CD45 - Cells are Niche Forming for Osteoclastogenesis via the SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 Signaling Pathways in Bone Marrow. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2733-2743. [PMID: 27339271 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis comprises the balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs), with an acceleration of osteoclastic bone resorption leading to osteoporosis. OCs can be generated from bone marrow cells (BMCs) under the tightly regulated local bone environment. However, it remained difficult to identify the critical cells responsible for providing an osteoclastogenesis niche. In this study, we used a fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique to determine the cell populations important for forming an appropriate microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis and to verify the associated interactions between osteoclast precursor cells and non-OCs. We isolated and removed a small cell population specific for osteoclastogenesis (CXCR4+ CD45- ) from mouse BMCs and cultured the remaining cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor. The resulting cultures showed significantly less large osteoclast formation. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that these CXCR4+ CD45- cells expressed low levels of RANK and RANKL, but high levels of critical chemokines including stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7), and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1). Furthermore, an SDF-1-specific antibody strongly suppressed OC formation in RAW264.7 cells and antibodies against SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 suppressed OC formation in BMCs. These results suggest that isolated CXCR4+ CD45- cells support an appropriate microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis with a direct effect on the cells expressing SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 receptors. The regulation of CXCR4+ CD45- cell function might therefore inform therapeutic strategies for diseases involving loss of bone homeostasis. Stem Cells 2016;34:2733-2743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeo Sekiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuko Waguri-Nagaya
- Department of Joint Surgery for Rheumatic Diseases, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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92
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Sun H, Wang J, Deng F, Liu Y, Zhuang X, Xu J, Li L. Co‑delivery and controlled release of stromal cell‑derived factor‑1α chemically conjugated on collagen scaffolds enhances bone morphogenetic protein‑2‑driven osteogenesis in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:737-45. [PMID: 27220358 PMCID: PMC4918613 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable focus in investigations on the delivery systems and clinical applications of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for novel bone formation. However, current delivery systems require high levels of BMP-2 to exert a biological function. There are several concerns in using of high levels of BMP-2, including safety and the high cost of treatment. Therefore, the development of strategies to decrease the levels of BMP-2 required in these delivery systems is required. In our previous studies, a controlled-release system was developed, which used Traut's reagent and the cross-linker, 4-(N-maleimi-domethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 3-sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester sodium salt (Sulfo-SMCC), to chemically conjugate BMP-2 directly on collagen discs. In the current study, retention efficiency and release kinetics of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) cross-linked on collagen scaffolds were detected. In addition, the osteogenic activity of SDF-1α and suboptimal doses of BMP-2 cross-linked on collagen discs following subcutaneous implantation in rats were evaluated. Independent two-tailed t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used for analysis. In the present study, the controlled release of SDF-1α chemically conjugated on collagen scaffolds was demonstrated. By optimizing the concentrations of Traut's reagent and the Sulfo-SMCC cross-linker, a significantly higher level of SDF-1α was covalently retained on the collagen scaffold, compared with that retained using a physical adsorption method. Mesenchymal stem cell homing indicated that the biological function of the SDF-1α cross-linked on the collagen scaffolds remained intact. In rats, co-treatment with SDF-1α and a suboptimal dose of BMP-2 cross-linked on collagen scaffolds using this chemically conjugated method induced higher levels of ectopic bone formation, compared with the physical adsorption method. No ectopic bone formation was observed following treatment with a suboptimal dose of BMP-2 alone. Therefore, the co-delivery of SDF-1α and a suboptimal dose of BMP-2 chemically conjugated on collagen scaffolds for the treatment of bone injuries reduced the level of BMP-2 required, reducing the risks of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Zhuang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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93
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Dadhich P, Das B, Pal P, Srivas PK, Dutta J, Ray S, Dhara S. A Simple Approach for an Eggshell-Based 3D-Printed Osteoinductive Multiphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11910-11924. [PMID: 26853051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural origin bioceramics are widely used for bone grafts. In the present study, an eggshell-derived bioceramic scaffold is fabricated by 3D printing as a potential bone-graft analogue. The eggshell, a biological waste material, was mixed with a specific ratio of phosphoric acid and chitosan to form a precursor toward the fabrication of an osteoinductive multiphasic calcium phosphate scaffold via a coagulation-assisted extrusion and sintering for a multiscalar hierarchical porous structure with improved mechanical properties. Physicochemical characterization of the formed scaffolds was carried out for phase analysis, surface morphology, and mechanical properties. A similar scaffold was prepared using a chemically synthesized calcium phosphate powder that was compared with the natural origin one. The higher surface area associated with the interconnected porosity along with multiple phases of the natural origin scaffold facilitated higher cell adhesion and proliferation compared to the chemically synthesized one. Further, the natural origin scaffold displayed relatively higher cell differentiation activity, as is evident by protein and gene expression studies. On subcutaneous implantation for 30 days, promising vascular tissue in-growth was observed, circumventing a major foreign body response. Collagen-rich vascular extracellular matrix deposition and osteocalcin secretion indicated bonelike tissue formation. Finally, the eggshell-derived multiphasic calcium phosphate scaffold displayed improvement in the mechanical properties with higher porosity and osteoinductivity compared to the chemically derived apatite and unveiled a new paradigm for utilization of biological wastes in bone-graft application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhash Dadhich
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Bodhisatwa Das
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pavan K Srivas
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Joy Dutta
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sabyasachi Ray
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Midnapore Medical Collage and Hospital , Midnapore, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
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94
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Guided bone regeneration is promoted by the molecular events in the membrane compartment. Biomaterials 2016; 84:167-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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95
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Abstract
Complex interactions among cells of the monocyte-macrophage-osteoclast lineage and the mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage play a major role in the pathophysiology of bone healing. Whereas the former lineage directs inflammatory events and bone resorption, the latter represents a source of cells for bone regeneration and immune modulation. Both of these lineages are affected by increasing age, which is associated with higher baseline levels of inflammatory mediators, and a significant reduction in osteogenic capabilities. Given the above, fracture healing, osteoporosis, and other related events in the elderly present numerous challenges, which potentially could be aided by new therapeutic approaches to modulate both inflammation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, R116, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires - UMR CNRS 7052, Faculté de Médecine - Université Paris7, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, APHP, Université Paris5, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Laura Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, R116, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, R116, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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96
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Szulc P. Abdominal aortic calcification: A reappraisal of epidemiological and pathophysiological data. Bone 2016; 84:25-37. [PMID: 26688274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In men and women, there is a significant association between the risk of cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke) and risk of major fragility fracture (hip, vertebra). Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) can be assessed using semiquantitative scores on spine radiographs and spine scans obtained by DXA. Severe AAC is associated with higher risk of major cardiovascular event. Not only does severe AAC reflect poor cardiovascular health status, but also directly disturbs blood flow in the vascular system. Severe (but not mild or moderate) AAC is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), faster bone loss and higher risk of major fragility fracture. The fracture risk remains increased after adjustment for BMD and other potential risk factors. The association between severe AAC and fracture risk was found in both sexes, mainly in the follow-ups of less than 10years. Many factors contribute to initiation and progression of AAC: lifestyle, co-morbidities, inorganic ions, dyslipidemia, hormones, cytokines (e.g. inflammatory cytokines, RANKL), matrix vesicles, microRNAs, structural proteins (e.g. elastin), vitamin K-dependent proteins, and medications (e.g. vitamin K antagonists). Osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and circulating osteoprogenitors penetrating into vascular wall plays a major role in the AAC initiation and progression. Vitamin K-dependent proteins protect vascular tunica media against formation of calcified deposits (matrix GLA protein, GLA-rich protein) and against VSMC apoptosis (Gas6). Further studies are needed to investigate clinical utility of AAC for the assessment of fracture and cardiovascular risk at the individual level and develop new medications permitting to prevent AAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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97
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Characterization of Reversibly Immortalized Calvarial Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 26:1207-13. [PMID: 26080159 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a sentinel role in osteoblastic differentiation, and their implementation into clinical practice can revolutionize cranial reconstruction. Preliminary data suggest a therapeutic role of adenoviral gene delivery of BMPs in murine calvarial defect healing. Poor transgene expression inherent in direct adenoviral therapy prompted investigation of cell-based strategies. OBJECTIVE To isolate and immortalize calvarial cells as a potential progenitor source for osseous tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were isolated from murine skulls, cultured, and transduced with a retroviral vector bearing the loxP-flanked SV40 large T antigen. Immortalized calvarial cells (iCALs) were evaluated via light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to determine whether the immortalization process altered cell morphology or progenitor cell profile. Immortalized calvarial cells were then infected with adenoviral vectors encoding BMP-2 or GFP and assessed for early and late stages of osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS Immortalization of calvarial cells did not alter cell morphology as demonstrated by phase contrast microscopy. Mesenchymal progenitor cell markers CD166, CD73, CD44, and CD105 were detected at varying levels in both primary cells and iCALs. Significant elevations in alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin mRNA transcription, and matrix mineralization were detected in BMP-2 treated iCALs compared with GFP-treated cells. Gross and histological analyses revealed ectopic bone production from treated cells compared with controls in an in vivo stem cell implantation assay. CONCLUSION We have established an immortalized osteoprogenitor cell line from juvenile calvarial cells that retain a progenitor cell phenotype and can successfully undergo osteogenic differentiation upon BMP-2 stimulation. These cells provide a valuable platform to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying intramembranous bone formation and to screen for factors/small molecules that can facilitate the healing of osseous defects in the craniofacial skeleton.
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98
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Wang C, Meng H, Wang X, Zhao C, Peng J, Wang Y. Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoblasts and Adipocytes and its Role in Treatment of Osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:226-33. [PMID: 26795027 PMCID: PMC4727494 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and degradation of the bone microstructure, leaving bones that are fragile and prone to fracture. Most osteoporosis treatments improve symptoms, but to date there is no quick and effective therapy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have pluripotent potential. In adults, BMMSCs differentiate mainly into osteoblasts and adipocytes in the skeleton. However, if this differentiation is unbalanced, it may lead to a decrease in bone mass. If the number of adipocyte cells increases and that of osteoblast cells decreases, osteoporosis can result. A variety of hormones and cytokines play an important role in the regulation of BMMSCs bidirectional differentiation. Therefore, a greater understanding of the regulation mechanism of BMMSC differentiation may provide new methods to prevent and treat osteoporosis. In addition, autologous, allogeneic BMMSCs or genetically modified BMMSC transplantation can effectively increase bone mass and density, increase bone mechanical strength, correct the imbalance in bone metabolism, and increase bone formation, and is expected to provide a new strategy and method for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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99
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Wei H, Zhao X, Yuan R, Dai X, Li Y, Liu L. Effects of PB-EPCs on Homing Ability of Rabbit BMSCs via Endogenous SDF-1 and MCP-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145044. [PMID: 26660527 PMCID: PMC4682485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumas, infections, tumors, and some congenital malformations can lead to bone defects or even bone loss. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether inclusion of endothelial progenitor cells derived from peripheral blood (PB–EPCs) in cell-seeded partially deproteinized bone (PDPB) implants would stimulate recruitment of systemically injected bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to the implant. Methods: BMSCs were injected intravenously with lentiviral expression vector expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) for tracing. Recruitment of eGFP-positive BMSCs was tested for the following implant configurations: 1) seeded with both BMSC and PB-EPC, 2) BMSC alone, 3) PB-EPC alone, and 4) unseeded PDPB. Protein and mRNA levels of endogenous stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4, as well as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor CCR2, were evaluated on the 8th week. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine eGFP-positive areas at the defective sites. Masson’s trichrome staining was conducted to observe the distribution of collagen deposition and evaluate the extent of osteogenesis. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the co-culture group were higher than those in other groups (p < 0.05) 8 weeks after the surgery. MCP-1 mRNA level in the co-culture group was also higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical assays revealed that the area covered by eGFP-positive cells was larger in the co-culture group than in the other groups (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks. Masson’s trichrome staining revealed better osteogenic potential of the co-culture group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These experiments demonstrate an association between PB-EPC and BMSC recruitment mediated by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis that can enhance repair of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Ruihong Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Yisong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, PR of China
- * E-mail:
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100
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Ramchandani D, Weber GF. Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for skeletal disorders. Bone 2015; 81:7-15. [PMID: 26123594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are characterized by a convergence in function for maintaining the homeostasis of the skeletal and renal systems (the bone-renal-vascular axis regulates bone metabolism). The two cytokines contribute to bone remodeling, dental healing, kidney function, and the adjustment to microgravity. Often, they are co-expressed or one molecule induces the other, however, in some settings OPN-associated pathways and VEGF-associated pathways are distinct. In bone remodeling, OPN and VEGF are regulated under the influence of growth factors and hormones, hypoxia and inflammation, the micro-environment, and various physical forces. Their abundance can be affected by drug treatment. OPN and VEGF are variably associated with kidney disease. Their balanced levels are critical for restoring endothelial cell function and ameliorating the adverse effects of microgravity. Here, we review the relevant 83 papers of 257 articles published, and listed in PubMed under the key words OPN and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, USA.
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