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Domblides C, Antoine M, Lavole A, Cadranel J, Wislez M. [Crizotinib for ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer patients]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:303-310. [PMID: 28237354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ROS1 fusions are rare mutations that preferentially concern young and non-smoker women. The ROS1-rearranged protein conserves an intact tyrosine kinase domain, leading to the constitutive activation of the ROS1 tyrosine kinase function and of its downstream pathways, that are known to be involved in tumorigenesis. These molecular abnormalities have shown their oncogenic potential in animals' models and in human, with an early effect on carcinogenesis. Several partners have been identified. Patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harbouring ROS1 alterations can receive specific targeted therapies. Indeed, crizotinib has recently been approved in France in advanced ROS1-rearranged NSCLC. We propose a review of the oncogenic role of ROS1 rearrangements, the different methods for its diagnosis, and the available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Domblides
- GH HUEP, AP-HP, hôpital Tenon, service de pneumologie, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris, France
| | - Martine Antoine
- Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, Theranoscan, GRC n(o) 04, 4, rue de la Chine, 75252 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, GH HUEP, service d'anatomie pathologique, 75970 Paris, France
| | - Armelle Lavole
- GH HUEP, AP-HP, hôpital Tenon, service de pneumologie, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- GH HUEP, AP-HP, hôpital Tenon, service de pneumologie, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, Theranoscan, GRC n(o) 04, 4, rue de la Chine, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- GH HUEP, AP-HP, hôpital Tenon, service de pneumologie, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris, France; Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, Theranoscan, GRC n(o) 04, 4, rue de la Chine, 75252 Paris, France.
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Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved drugs to treat patients with tumor types based on a single anatomic site, such as renal cell carcinoma or melanoma, rather than on a biomarker alone. This standard approach is based on a number of factors, including heterogeneity of drug effects in different biomarker-positive tumor types. Additionally, drug development for some drugs was primarily directed toward a specific genomic abnormality in a specific tumor type (e.g., drugs for anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer). In such cases, differences in biology, differences in natural histories of different cancers, differences in mutation frequencies among cancers, or differences in concomitant therapies may have necessitated diverse development considerations. As described in U.S. regulations [21 CFR 201, CFR 201.57(c)(2)], the indications and usage section of drug labeling "must state that a drug is indicated for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a recognized disease or condition or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition." Such regulations, however, do not require that disease be defined solely as a specific tumor type. This manuscript will highlight scientific/biologic issues, clinical trial designs, and regulatory issues pertaining to the development of drugs agnostic of tumor type. Although the manuscript will discuss regulatory considerations as understood by the authors regarding tissue-agnostic drug development, it should not be considered formal or binding FDA guidance or policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T Flaherty
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Dung T Le
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Steven Lemery
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
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Beaver JA, Tzou A, Blumenthal GM, McKee AE, Kim G, Pazdur R, Philip R. An FDA Perspective on the Regulatory Implications of Complex Signatures to Predict Response to Targeted Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1368-1372. [PMID: 27993967 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As technologies evolve, and diagnostics move from detection of single biomarkers toward complex signatures, an increase in the clinical use and regulatory submission of complex signatures is anticipated. However, to date, no complex signatures have been approved as companion diagnostics. In this article, we will describe the potential benefit of complex signatures and their unique regulatory challenges, including analytic performance validation, complex signature simulation, and clinical performance evaluation. We also will review the potential regulatory pathways for clearance, approval, or acceptance of complex signatures by the FDA. These regulatory pathways include regulations applicable to in vitro diagnostic devices, including companion diagnostic devices, the potential for labeling as a complementary diagnostic, and the biomarker qualification program. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1368-72. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham Tzou
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland
| | | | - Amy E McKee
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland
| | - Geoffrey Kim
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland
| | | | - Reena Philip
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland.
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Kazandjian D, Landgren O. A look backward and forward in the regulatory and treatment history of multiple myeloma: Approval of novel-novel agents, new drug development, and longer patient survival. Semin Oncol 2016; 43:682-689. [PMID: 28061986 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and its precursor diseases. These advances include gains in knowledge of the underlying pathobiology including molecular and cellular prognostic factors for disease progression. In parallel we have witnessed the availability of novel therapeutics. Together these advances have translated into improvements in long-term clinical benefit and survival in MM. Indeed, it has been shown that patients diagnosed in the last decade have experienced almost doubling of median survival time. We aim to review and give further insight into drug development and novel drug approvals that have revolutionized the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickran Kazandjian
- Myeloma program, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health and the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Reungwetwattana T, Liang Y, Zhu V, Ou SHI. The race to target MET exon 14 skipping alterations in non-small cell lung cancer: The Why, the How, the Who, the Unknown, and the Inevitable. Lung Cancer 2016; 103:27-37. [PMID: 28024693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have now been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), including those targeted against epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, and ROS1. Despite a wealth of agents developed to target the receptor tyrosine kinase, MET, clinical outcomes have as yet been disappointing, leading to pessimism about the role of MET in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. However, in recent years, there has been a renewed interest in MET exon 14 alterations as potential drivers of lung cancer. MET exon 14 alterations, which result in increased MET protein levels due to disrupted ubiquitin-mediated degradation, occur at a prevalence of around 3% in adenocarcinomas and around 2% in other lung neoplasms, making them attractive targets for the treatment of lung cancer. At least five MET-targeted TKIs, including crizotinib, cabozantinib, capmatinib, tepotinib, and glesatinib, are being investigated clinically for patients with MET exon 14 altered-NSCLC. A further two compounds have shown activity in preclinical models. In this article, we review the current clinical and preclinical data available for these TKIs, along with a number of other potential therapeutic options, including antibodies and immunotherapy. A number of questions remain unanswered regarding the future of MET TKIs, but unfortunately, the development of resistance to targeted therapies is inevitable. Resistance is expected to arise as a result of receptor tyrosine kinase mutation or from upregulation of MET ligand expression; potential strategies to overcome resistance are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyanan Reungwetwattana
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Viola Zhu
- Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange County, CA 92868, USA
| | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange County, CA 92868, USA.
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Zhong E, Huang H. Crizotinib in ROS1 rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), from response to resistance. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-217322. [PMID: 27797842 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined an immediate, but short-lived, response to crizotinib, a drug with a new indication for ROS1 rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a middle-aged non-smoker. The patient presented with metastatic NSCLC and extensive disease in multiple organs. He was treated with crizotinib 250 mg twice a day. Within 2-3 days, his condition rapidly improved, which was evident in a CT scan 2 months later. However, after 3 months of treatment, his condition deteriorated dramatically. The patient did not respond to ceritinib, a second-line drug that targets anaplastic lymphoma kinase, and died shortly after. This case demonstrated an impressive but brief response to crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zhong
- Quality Medical Oncology, Flushing, New York, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Quality Medical Oncology, Flushing, New York, USA.,New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, New York, USA
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Ou SHI, Govindan R, Eaton KD, Otterson GA, Gutierrez ME, Mita AC, Argiris A, Brega NM, Usari T, Tan W, Ho SN, Robert F. Phase I Results from a Study of Crizotinib in Combination with Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:145-151. [PMID: 27697581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This phase I trial was conducted to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose, and efficacy of crizotinib plus erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS Patients with NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2 after failure of one or two prior chemotherapy regimens were eligible. Erlotinib, 100 mg, was given continuously once daily starting between day -14 and -7; crizotinib, 200 mg twice daily (dose level 1) or 150 mg twice daily (dose level -1), was added continuously beginning on day 1 of treatment cycle 1. Potential pharmacokinetic interactions between crizotinib and erlotinib were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients received treatment; 26 received crizotinib plus erlotinib. Frequent adverse events were diarrhea, rash, decreased appetite, and fatigue. Dose-limiting toxicities were dehydration, diarrhea, dry eye, dysphagia, dyspepsia, esophagitis and vomiting. The MTD was crizotinib, 150 mg twice daily, with erlotinib, 100 mg once daily. Crizotinib increased the erlotinib area under the concentration-time curve 1.5-fold (dose level -1) and 1.8-fold (dose level 1). The plasma level of crizotinib appeared to be unaffected by coadministration of erlotinib. Two patients whose tumors harbored activating EGFR mutations achieved confirmed partial responses, one at each crizotinib dose level. CONCLUSIONS The MTD of the combination of crizotinib and erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC was crizotinib, 150 mg twice daily, with erlotinib, 100 mg once daily, which is less than the approved dose of either agent. The phase II portion of the study was not initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California.
| | | | - Keith D Eaton
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gregory A Otterson
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and the James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Martin E Gutierrez
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Alain C Mita
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Athanassios Argiris
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Robert
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama; University of Alabama-Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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TPD52L1-ROS1, a new ROS1 fusion variant in lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma identified by comprehensive genomic profiling. Lung Cancer 2016; 97:48-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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