51
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Novello S, Pellen-Mussi P, Jeanne S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles as cell-free therapy: Perspectives in periodontal regeneration. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:433-442. [PMID: 33641196 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are involved in the regeneration of the different missing or compromised periodontal tissues. MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have recently been explored as a favorable substitution for stem cell therapy, as they are capable of producing therapeutic effects comparable to those of their parent cells, with advantages over cell therapy. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived sEV as cell-free therapy in periodontal regeneration. A review of the scientific literature on sEV and their use in periodontal regeneration was performed. The main characteristics of sEV are described, and their mechanisms of action and potential biological effects in periodontal regeneration are studied. A summary of existing preclinical studies conducted in animals is performed. The results indicate that sEV derived from MSC are emerging as a promising new therapeutic tool in the field of periodontal regeneration and may become an ideal therapeutic option. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in this regard in order to better understand this newly emerging treatment. First results in vivo are promising and show a favorable potential for cell-free therapy in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Novello
- ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Pôle d'Odontologie, UF Parodontologie, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Pellen-Mussi
- ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- ISCR [(Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)] - UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'Odontologie, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Pôle d'Odontologie, UF Parodontologie, Rennes, France
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52
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Li LJ, Chang WM, Hsiao M. Aberrant Expression of microRNA Clusters in Head and Neck Cancer Development and Progression: Current and Future Translational Impacts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030194. [PMID: 33673471 PMCID: PMC7997248 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to negative regulate endogenous genes. Some microRNAs have high sequence conservation and localize as clusters in the genome. Their coordination is regulated by simple genetic and epigenetic events mechanism. In cells, single microRNAs can regulate multiple genes and microRNA clusters contain multiple microRNAs. MicroRNAs can be differentially expressed and act as oncogenic or tumor suppressor microRNAs, which are based on the roles of microRNA-regulated genes. It is vital to understand their effects, regulation, and various biological functions under both normal and disease conditions. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are some of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and are regulated by many factors, including the dysregulation of microRNAs and their clusters. In disease stages, microRNA clusters can potentially control every field of oncogenic function, including growth, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and intercellular commutation. Furthermore, microRNA clusters are regulated by genetic mutations or translocations, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, microRNA clusters harbor the potential to act therapeutically against cancer in the future. Here, we review recent advances in microRNA cluster research, especially relative to head and neck cancers, and discuss their regulation and biological functions under pathological conditions as well as translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2789–8752
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53
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Farmani AR, Nekoofar MH, Ebrahimi Barough S, Azami M, Rezaei N, Najafipour S, Ai J. Application of Platelet Rich Fibrin in Tissue Engineering: Focus on Bone Regeneration. Platelets 2021; 32:183-188. [PMID: 33577378 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1869710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a strategy for reconstructing bone lesions, which is rapidly developing in response to higher demands for bone repairing. Recently, this method, along with the emergence of functionally graded, biocompatible and biodegradable materials, has been expanded. Moreover, scaffolds with chemical, physical and external patterns have induced bone regeneration. However, the maintenance of healthy bone and its regeneration in the human body needs a series of complex and accurate processes. Hence, many studies have been accompanied for reconstructing bone by using blood-derived biomaterials, especially platelet-rich fabricates. The most important reason for using platelet-rich formulations in bone regeneration is based on releasing growth factors from alpha granules in platelets, which can induce osteogenesis. Moreover, the presence of fibrin nano-fiber structures as a constituent can provide a good substrate for cell attachments. This study attempts to review the history, structure, and biology of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as well as in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies on the use of PRF for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department-School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Department-School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Ebrahimi Barough
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department-School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department-School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department-School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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54
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Wu SC, Kuo PJ, Rau CS, Wu YC, Wu CJ, Lu TH, Lin CW, Tsai CW, Hsieh CH. Subpopulations of exosomes purified via different exosomal markers carry different microRNA contents. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1058-1066. [PMID: 33456364 PMCID: PMC7807189 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of exosome populations presents a great challenge to their study. The current study was designed to investigate the potential heterogeneity miRNA contents in circulating exosomes purified via different exosomal markers. In this study, exosomes from the serum of C57BL/6 mice after cecum ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham operation were isolated by precipitation using ExoQuick-TC and affinity purified with anti-Rab5b, anti-CD9, anti-CD31, and anti-CD44 antibodies using the Exo-Flow Exosome Capture kit to collect exosome subpopulations. RNA extracted from the exosomes isolated by ExoQuick-TC were profiled by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was also employed to determine the expression profiles of four representative exosomal miRNAs (mmu-miR-486-5p, mmu-miR-10a-5p, mmu-miR-143-3p, and mmu-miR-25-3p) selected from the NGS analysis. The results revealed that the expression patterns of these miRNAs in exosomes isolated by ExoQuick-TC as determined by RT-qPCR and NGS were similar, showing upregulation of mmu-miR-10a-5p and mmu-miR-143-3p but downregulation of mmu-miR-25-3p and mmu-miR-486-5p following CLP when compared to the levels in exosomes from sham control mice. However, their expression levels in the antibody-captured exosome subpopulations varied. The miRNAs in the exosomes captured by anti-Rab5b or anti-CD9 antibodies were more similar to those isolated by ExoQuick-TC than to those captured by anti-CD44 antibodies. However, there were no significant differences in these four miRNAs in CD31-captured exosomes. This study demonstrated that purification with different exosomal markers allows the collection of different exosome subpopulations with various miRNA contents. The results of this study demonstrate the heterogeneity of circulating exosomes and suggest the importance of stratifying exosome subpopulations when using circulating exosomes as biomarkers or investigating exosome function. In addition, this study also emphasized the necessity of using a consistent exosome marker across different samples as detecting biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Jen Kuo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shyuan Rau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Hsiang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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55
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Jiang Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, Lv L, Zhou Y. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of osteoporosis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12956. [PMID: 33210341 PMCID: PMC7791182 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease with characteristics of bone loss and microstructural degeneration. The personal and societal costs of osteoporosis are increasing year by year as the ageing of population, posing challenges to public health care. Homing disorders, impaired capability of osteogenic differentiation, senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), an imbalanced microenvironment, and disordered immunoregulation play important roles during the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The MSC transplantation promises to increase osteoblast differentiation and block osteoclast activation, and to rebalance bone formation and resorption. Preclinical investigations on MSC transplantation in the osteoporosis treatment provide evidences of enhancing osteogenic differentiation, increasing bone mineral density, and halting the deterioration of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, the latest techniques, such as gene modification, targeted modification and co-transplantation, are promising approaches to enhance the therapeutic effect and efficacy of MSCs. In addition, clinical trials of MSC therapy to treat osteoporosis are underway, which will fill the gap of clinical data. Although MSCs tend to be effective to treat osteoporosis, the urgent issues of safety, transplant efficiency and standardization of the manufacturing process have to be settled. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of clinical trials, including safety and efficacy, is still needed as an important basis for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Jiang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
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56
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Yang G, Yu H, Liu Y, Ye W, Zhu G, Yan A, Tan Q, Mei H. Serum-derived exosomes from neurofibromatosis type 1 congenital tibial pseudarthrosis impaired bone by promoting osteoclastogenesis and inhibiting osteogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:130-141. [PMID: 33023333 PMCID: PMC7871115 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220962737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) still is full of challenges in pediatric orthopedist. Serum-derived exosomes (SDEs) have been proven to be participated in bone remodeling. However, the molecular changes in SDEs of CPT children and their pathologies have not been elucidated. In this study, SDEs were isolated and purified from CPT patients (CPT-SDEs) associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and normal children (Norm-SDEs). Then we obtained the proteomics profile of SDEs by combining liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and tandem mass tag label-based quantitation. In vitro, the efficacy of SDEs on osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and osteoclastogenesis ability of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and cytochemical staining. In vivo, we used micro-CT to assess cortical bone mass and trabecular microstructures to reflect the influence of SDEs on bone remodeling after injection into the tail vein of rats. Based on proteomics analysis, 410 differentially expressed proteins, including 289 downregulated proteins and 121 upregulated proteins, were identified in the CPT-SDEs. These proteins have multiple biological functions associated with cellular metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and protein binding, which are important for cell differentiation and proliferation. In vitro, CPT-SDEs decreased the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and promoted the osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells. Injection of CPT-SDEs into the tail vein for two months resulted in bone loss in rats, as indicated by the decrease in trabecular and cortical bone mass. Our findings demonstrated the differences in proteins in SDEs between normal and CPT children with NF1. These differentially expressed proteins in CPT-SDEs contributed to deteriorating trabecular bone microstructures by inhibiting bone formation and stimulating bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 39062, Germany
| | - Yaoxi Liu
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Weihua Ye
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - An Yan
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Qian Tan
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Haibo Mei
- Pediatric orthopedic lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan 410000, PR China
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57
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Jiang X, Ying P, Shen Y, Miu Y, Kong W, Lu T, Wang Q. Identification of Critical Functional Modules and Signaling Pathways in Osteoporosis. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615999200706002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease. Abnormal
osteoclast formation and resorption play a fundamental role in osteoporosis pathogenesis. Recent
researches have greatly broadened our understanding of molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis.
However, the molecular mechanisms leading to osteoporosis are still not entirely clear.
Objective:
The purpose of this work is to study the critical regulatory genes, functional modules, and
signaling pathways.
Methods:
Differential expression analysis, network topology-based analysis, and overrepresentation
enrichment analysis (ORA) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene
subnetworks, and signaling pathways related to osteoporosis, respectively.
Results:
Differential expression analysis identified DEGs, such as POGLUT1, DAPK3 and NFKBIA,
associated with osteoclastogenesis, which highlighted Notch, apoptosis and NF-kB signaling
pathways. Network topology-based analysis identified the upregulated subnetwork characterized by
EXOSC8 and DIS3L from the RNA exosome complex, and the downregulated subnetwork
composed of histone deacetylases and the cofactors, MORF4L1 and JDP2. Furthermore, the
overrepresentation enrichment analysis highlighted that corticotrophin-releasing hormone signaling
pathway might affect osteoclastogenesis through its component NR4A1, and suppressing osteoclast
differentiation and osteoclast bone resorption with urocortin (UCN).
Conclusion:
Our systematic analysis not only discovered novel molecular mechanisms but also
proposed potential drug targets for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu 215500,China
| | - Pu Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu 215500,China
| | - Yingchao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu 215500,China
| | - Yiming Miu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu 215500,China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu 215500,China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu 215500,China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu 215500,China
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58
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Reddy LVK, Murugan D, Mullick M, Begum Moghal ET, Sen D. Recent Approaches for Angiogenesis in Search of Successful Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:111-134. [PMID: 31682212 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666191104151928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a central role in human physiology from reproduction and fetal development to wound healing and tissue repair/regeneration. Clinically relevant therapies are needed for promoting angiogenesis in order to supply oxygen and nutrients after transplantation, thus relieving the symptoms of ischemia. Increase in angiogenesis can lead to the restoration of damaged tissues, thereby leading the way for successful tissue regeneration. Tissue regeneration is a broad field that has shown the convergence of various interdisciplinary fields, wherein living cells in conjugation with biomaterials have been tried and tested on to the human body. Although there is a prevalence of various approaches that hypothesize enhanced tissue regeneration via angiogenesis, none of them have been successful in gaining clinical relevance. Hence, the current review summarizes the recent cell-based and cell free (exosomes, extracellular vesicles, micro-RNAs) therapies, gene and biomaterial-based approaches that have been used for angiogenesis-mediated tissue regeneration and have been applied in treating disease models like ischemic heart, brain stroke, bone defects and corneal defects. This review also puts forward a concise report of the pre-clinical and clinical studies that have been performed so far; thereby presenting the credible impact of the development of biomaterials and their 3D concepts in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration, which would lead to the probable ways for heralding the successful future of angiogenesis-mediated approaches in the greater perspective of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Vinod Kumar Reddy
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durai Murugan
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhubanti Mullick
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Erfath Thanjeem Begum Moghal
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.,University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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59
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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60
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Pishavar E, Copus JS, Atala A, Lee SJ. Comparison Study of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1044-1054. [PMID: 33045930 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great promise in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Recently, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived EVs have been considered for bone tissue engineering applications. In this study, we evaluated the osteogenic capability of placental stem cell (PSC)-derived EVs and compared them to the well-characterized BMSC-derived EVs. EVs were extracted from three designated time points (0, 7, and 21 days) after osteogenic differentiation. The results showed that the PSC-derived EVs had much higher protein and lipid concentrations than EVs derived from BMSCs. The extracted EVs were characterized by observing their morphology and size distribution before utilizing next-generation sequencing to determine their microRNA (miRNA) profiles. A total of 306 miRNAs within the EVs were identified, of which 64 were significantly expressed in PSC-derived EVs that related to osteogenic differentiation. In vitro osteogenic differentiation study indicated the late-stage (21-day extracted)-derived EVs higher osteogenic enhancing capability when compared with the early stage-derived EVs. We demonstrated that EVs derived from PSCs could be a new source of EVs for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Pishavar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Joshua S Copus
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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61
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Teng Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Teng Y, Lu S. Osteoporosis Is Characterized by Altered Expression of Exosomal Long Non-coding RNAs. Front Genet 2020; 11:566959. [PMID: 33281871 PMCID: PMC7689021 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and degradation of the bone microstructure, which increases bone fragility and risk of fracture. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis remain unclear. The current study attempts to elucidate the role of exosomal long non-coding RNA in the pathology of osteoporosis. Peripheral blood was collected from persons with (OP) or without (NC) osteoporosis, and the serum exosomes were extracted using ultra centrifugation process. Total RNA of exosomes was isolated, and the lncRNAs profiling was done using RNA-Seq experiments. In silico analysis resulted in identification of 393 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs in OP vs. NC, with 296 that were up-regulated and 97 were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis of potential target mRNAs of lncRNAs with cis-acting mechanism showed that mRNAs co-located with DE lncRNAs were highly enriched in osteoporosis-related pathways, including regulation of insulin secretion, activation of MAPK activity, cellular response to metal ions, fucosylation and proteolysis. Together these results suggest that lncRNAs of serum exosomes could play a significant role in development of osteoporosis and such information may be helpful in developing diagnostic markers and therapeutic modules for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Teng
- The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The 920 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Xiguang Zhang
- The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yirong Teng
- The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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62
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Wang X, Li X, Li J, Zhai L, Liu D, Abdurahman A, Zhang Y, Yokota H, Zhang P. Mechanical loading stimulates bone angiogenesis through enhancing type H vessel formation and downregulating exosomal miR-214-3p from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21150. [PMID: 33161580 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001080rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are important transporters of miRNAs, which play varying roles in the healing of the bone fracture. Angiogenesis is one of such critical events in bone healing, and we previously reported the stimulatory effect of mechanical loading in vessel remodeling. Focusing on type H vessels and exosomal miR-214-3p, this study examined the mechanism of loading-driven angiogenesis. MiRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR revealed that miR-214-3p was increased in the exosomes of the bone-losing ovariectomized (OVX) mice, while it was significantly decreased by knee loading. Furthermore, compared to the OVX group, exosomes, derived from the loading group, promoted the angiogenesis of endothelial cells. In contrast, exosomes, which were transfected with miR-214-3p, decreased the angiogenic potential. Notably, knee loading significantly improved the microvascular volume, type H vessel formation, and bone mineral density and contents, as well as BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp. In cell cultures, the overexpression of miR-214-3p in endothelial cells reduced the tube formation and cell migration. Collectively, this study demonstrates that knee loading promotes angiogenesis by enhancing the formation of type H vessels and downregulating exosomal miR-214-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lidong Zhai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Abdusami Abdurahman
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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63
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Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207623. [PMID: 33076329 PMCID: PMC7589419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common chronic metabolic bone disease. It has been estimated that more than 10 million people in the United States and 200 million men and women worldwide have osteoporosis. Given that the aging population is rapidly increasing in many countries, osteoporosis could become a global challenge with an impact on the quality of life of the affected individuals. Osteoporosis can be defined as a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures due to the deterioration of the bone architecture. Thus, the major goal of treatment is to reduce the risk for fractures. There are several treatment options, mostly medications that can control disease progression in risk groups, such as postmenopausal women and elderly men. Recent studies on the basic molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of osteoporosis have identified novel therapeutic targets. Emerging therapies targeting novel disease mechanisms could provide powerful approaches for osteoporosis management in the future. Here, we review the etiology of osteoporosis and the molecular mechanism of bone remodeling, present current pharmacological options, and discuss emerging therapies targeting novel mechanisms, investigational treatments, and new promising therapeutic approaches.
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64
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Hong Y, Sun Y, Rong X, Li D, Lu Y, Ji Y. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells attenuate UVB-induced apoptosis, ROS, and the Ca 2+ level in HLEC cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112321. [PMID: 33045215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage acid protein 1 (CRTAC1) encodes a protein containing the Ca2+binding domain, which can promote apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) induced by ultraviolet B radiation. Exosomes secreted from adipose-derived stem cells (ASC-exo) have been used to treat many diseases, but the effect of ASC-exo on cataracts has not been established. We hypothesized that ASC-exo has a therapeutic effect on cataracts by regulating CRTAC1. We established the UVB-induced injured HLECs model to test the interactions between CRTAC1 and miR-10a-5p, and the effect on the Ca2+ level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in apoptotic HLECs. We found that UVB significantly increased the level of CRTAC1 expression and induced HLEC apoptosis, while ASC-exo inhibited the induction of UVB and exosome inhibitor reduced the inhibition of ASC-exo. The qRT-PCR results showed that miR-10a-5p had a low level of expression in cataract lesions, whereas CRTAC1 was highly expressed. There was a negative correlation between the expression of CRTAC1 and miR-10a-5p. ASC-exo reversed UVB-inhibited miR-10a-5p expression and miR-10a-5p negatively regulated CRTAC1. In vitro data showed that miR-10a-5p reversed UVB-induced ROS, apoptosis, and the Ca2+ level in HLECs. Overexpression of CRTAC1 reversed the induction of ASC-exo in UVB-injured HLECs, and low expression of CRTAC1 reversed the induction of miR-10a-5p inhibitor. By upregulating the level of miR-10a-5p expression and downregulating the level of CRTAC1 expression, exosomes from ASCs attenuated UVB-induced apoptosis, ROS generation, and the Ca2+ level in HLECs. Our research provides novel insight into the treatment methods and associated mechanisms underlying cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianfang Rong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dan Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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65
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Arjmand B, Sarvari M, Alavi-Moghadam S, Payab M, Goodarzi P, Gilany K, Mehrdad N, Larijani B. Prospect of Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine in Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:430. [PMID: 32719657 PMCID: PMC7347755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine can hold the promise of restoring normal tissues structure and function. Additionally, the main targets of stem cell-based therapies are chronic diseases and lifelong disabilities without definite cures such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis as one of the important causes of morbidity in older men and post-menopausal women is characterized by reduced bone quantity or skeletal tissue atrophy that leads to an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. The common therapeutic methods for osteoporosis only can prevent the loss of bone mass and recover the bone partially. Nevertheless, stem cell-based therapy is considered as a new approach to regenerate the bone tissue. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells as pivotal candidates for regenerative medicine purposes especially bone regeneration are the most common type of cells with anti-inflammatory, immune-privileged potential, and less ethical concerns than other types of stem cells which are investigated in osteoporosis. Based on several findings, the mesenchymal stem cells effectiveness near to a great extent depends on their secretory function. Indeed, they can be involved in the establishment of normal bone remodeling via initiation of specific molecular signaling pathways. Accordingly, the aim herein was to review the effects of stem cell-based therapies in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sarvari
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACER), Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACER), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mehrdad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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66
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Tu C, He J, Chen R, Li Z. The Emerging Role of Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4523-4535. [PMID: 31724510 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191113104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed membrane vesicles derived and constitutively secreted by various metabolically active cells. They are capable of mediating hetero- and homotypic intercellular communication by transferring multiple cargos from donor cells to recipient cells. Nowadays, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as novel potential biomarkers or disease-targeting agents in a variety of diseases. However, the lack of effective delivery systems may impair their clinical application. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrated that ncRNAs could be efficiently delivered to recipient cells using exosomes as a carrier, and therefore can exert a critical role in musculoskeletal diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophies, osteosarcoma and other diseases. Herein, we present an extensive review of biogenesis, physiological relevance and clinical implication of exosome-derived ncRNAs in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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67
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Sanwlani R, Fonseka P, Chitti SV, Mathivanan S. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inter-Organism, Cross-Species Communication and Drug Delivery. Proteomes 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32414045 PMCID: PMC7356197 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is considered as more than a source of nutrition for infants and is a vector involved in the transfer of bioactive compounds and cells. Milk contains abundant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may originate from multiple cellular sources. These nanosized vesicles have been well characterized and are known to carry a diverse cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biomolecules. Milk-derived EVs have been demonstrated to survive harsh and degrading conditions in gut, taken up by various cell types, cross biological barriers and reach peripheral tissues. The cargo carried by these dietary EVs has been suggested to have a role in cell growth, development, immune modulation and regulation. Hence, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of milk-derived EVs in mediating inter-organismal and cross-species communication. Furthermore, various attributes such as it being a natural source, as well as its abundance, scalability, economic viability and lack of unwarranted immunologic reactions, has generated significant interest in deploying milk-derived EVs for clinical applications such as drug delivery and disease therapy. In this review, the role of milk-derived EVs in inter-organismal, cross-species communication and in drug delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.S.); (P.F.); (S.V.C.)
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68
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Hu C, Meiners S, Lukas C, Stathopoulos GT, Chen J. Role of exosomal microRNAs in lung cancer biology and clinical applications. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12828. [PMID: 32391938 PMCID: PMC7309943 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are secreted by various cell types, including tumour cells. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified to be encapsulated and hence protected from degradation within exosomes. These exosomal miRNAs can be horizontally transferred to target cells, in which they subsequently modulate biological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs play a critical role in modifying the microenvironment of lung cancers, possibly facilitating progression, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the novel findings on exosomal miRNA functions during lung cancer initiation and progression. In addition, we highlight their potential role and challenges as biomarkers in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and drug resistance and as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Lukas
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Center, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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69
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Exosomal miRNAs in osteoarthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4737-4748. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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70
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Yang JX, Xie P, Li YS, Wen T, Yang XC. Osteoclast-derived miR-23a-5p-containing exosomes inhibit osteogenic differentiation by regulating Runx2. Cell Signal 2019; 70:109504. [PMID: 31857240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in osteogenic differentiation. In recent years, increasing evidences have revealed that exosomes contain specific miRNAs. However, the effect and mechanism of miR-23a-5p-containing exosomes in osteoblast remain largely unclear. METHODS We extracted exosomes from RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and identified exosomes via transmission electron microscopy, western blot and flow cytometry analysis. In addition, exosome secretion was inhibited by GW4869 and Rab27a siRNAs. miR-23a-5p expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the related protein levels were examined by western blot assay. Furthermore, the number and distribution of osteoclasts were detected by TRAP staining, and early osteogenesis was evaluated by ALP staining. Combination of YAP1 and Runx2 was verified by Co-IP assay, and the regulation of miR-23a-5p and Runx2 was measured by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We successfully extracted exosomes from RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and successfully verified exosomes morphology. We also indicated that miR-23a-5p was highly expressed in exosomes from RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and osteoclast-derived miR-23a-5p-containing exosomes inhibited osteoblast activity, while its inhibition weakened osteoclasts. In mechanism, we demonstrated that Runx2 was a target gene of miR-23a-5p, YAP interacted with Runx2, and YAP or Runx2 inhibited MT1DP expression. In addition, we proved that knockdown of MT1DP facilitated osteogenic differentiation by regulating FoxA1 and Runx2. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that osteoclast-derived miR-23a-5p-containing exosomes could efficiently suppress osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting Runx2 and promoting YAP1-mediated MT1DP. Therefore, we suggested miR-23a-5p in exosomes might provide a novel mechanism for osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xiao Yang
- Department of orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xu-Cheng Yang
- Department of orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China.
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71
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Aghebati-Maleki A, Nami S, Baghbanzadeh A, Karzar BH, Noorolyai S, Fotouhi A, Aghebati-Maleki L. Implications of exosomes as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21694-21706. [PMID: 31161617 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes offer a new perspective on the biology of cancer with both diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. Due to the cell-to-cell association, exosomes are involved in the progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy of the tumor. They can be isolated from blood and other body fluids to determine the disease progression in the body, including cancer growth. In addition to being reservoirs of biochemical markers of cancer, exomes can be designed to restore tumor immunity. Tumor exosomes interact with different cells in the tumor microenvironment to confer beneficial modulations, responsible for stromal activity, angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, and immune evasion. Exosomes also contribute to the metastasis with the aim of epithelial transmission to the mesenchyme and the formation of premetastatic niches. Moreover, exosomes protect cells against the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and prevent the transmission of chemotherapy resistance to adjacent cells. Therefore, exosomes are essential for many fatal cancer agents, and understanding their origins and role in cancer is important. In this article, we attempted to clarify the potential of exosomes for the application in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bita H Karzar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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72
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Lu J, Yang J, Zheng Y, Chen X, Fang S. Extracellular vesicles from endothelial progenitor cells prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis by suppressing the ferroptotic pathway in mouse osteoblasts based on bioinformatics evidence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16130. [PMID: 31695092 PMCID: PMC6834614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal antioxidative capabilities were observed in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP). Ferroptosis is a recently discovered type of cell death that is characterized by the overproduction of ROS in response to GPX4 and system Xc- downregulation, which is mediated by an Fe2+ fenton reaction. However, investigations focusing on the relationship between ferroptosis and steroid-induced bone disease remain limited. In the present study, high-dose dexamethasone was used to establish a mouse SIOP model, and extracellular vesicles extracted from bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC-EVs) alleviated the pathological changes in SIOP via microtomography (micro-CT), with elevations in bone volume (BV), bone surface (BS), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular connectivity density (Conn-D) and decreases in trabecular separation (Tb.sp) and the structure model index (SMI). Histopathological analysis, such as haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining, showed that EPC-EVs treatment increased the volume and density of the trabecular bone and bone marrow. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis revealed subcellular biological alterations upon steroid and EPC-EVs treatment. Compared with the control, high-dose dexamethasone downregulated GPX4 and system XC-, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the ferroptotic pathway was activated. In contrast, combination treatment with EPC-EVs partly reversed the KEGG-mapped changes in the ferroptotic pathway at both the gene and mRNA expression levels. In addition, alterations in ferroptotic marker expression, such as SLC3A2, SLC7A11, and GPX4, were further confirmed by RNA-seq. EPC-EVs were able to reverse dexamethasone treatment-induced alterations in cysteine and several oxidative injury markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) (as detected by ELISA). In conclusion, EPC-EVs prevented mouse glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by suppressing the ferroptotic pathway in osteoblasts, which may provide a basis for novel therapies for SIOP in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lujiang Road No. 17, 230001, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiazhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lujiang Road No. 17, 230001, Hefei, China
| | - Yongshun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lujiang Road No. 17, 230001, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road No. 81, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Lujiang Road No. 17, 230001, Hefei, China.
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Rammal H, Entz L, Dubus M, Moniot A, Bercu NB, Sergheraert J, Gangloff SC, Mauprivez C, Kerdjoudj H. Osteoinductive Material to Fine-Tune Paracrine Crosstalk of Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Endothelial Cells and Osteoblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:256. [PMID: 31649927 PMCID: PMC6795130 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While stem cell/biomaterial studies provide solid evidences that biomaterial intrinsic cues deeply affect cell fate, current strategies tend to neglect their effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secretory activities and resulting cell-crosstalks. The present study aims to investigate the impact of bone-mimetic material (B-MM), with intrinsic osteoinductive property, on MSCs mediator secretions; and to explore underlying effects on cells involved in bone regeneration. Human MSCs were cultured, on B-MM, made from inorganic calcium phosphate supplemented with chitosan and hyaluronic acid biopolymers. Collected MSCs culture media were assessed for mediators release quantification and used further to stimulate endothelial cells (ECs) and alveolar bone derived osteoblasts (OBs). Without osteogenic supplements, MSCs committed into bone lineage forming thus 3D bone-like nodules after 21 days. Despite a weak percentage of cell commitment, our data elucidate new aspects of osteoinductive material effect on MSCs functions through the regulation of the secretion of mediators involved in bone regeneration and subsequently the MSCs/ECs indirect crosstalk with osteogenesis-boosting effect. Using MSCs culture media, we demonstrate a large potential of osteoinductive materials and MSCs in bone regenerative medicine. Such strategies could help to address some insights in cell-free therapies using MSCs derived media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rammal
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Laura Entz
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marie Dubus
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Aurélie Moniot
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nicolae B Bercu
- EA 4682, Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanoscience (LRN), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Johan Sergheraert
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,Pôle Médecine bucco-dentaire, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Sophie C Gangloff
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cédric Mauprivez
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,Pôle Médecine bucco-dentaire, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
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74
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Pourakbari R, Khodadadi M, Aghebati-Maleki A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Yousefi M. The potential of exosomes in the therapy of the cartilage and bone complications; emphasis on osteoarthritis. Life Sci 2019; 236:116861. [PMID: 31513815 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a prevalent worldwide joint disease, which demonstrates a remarkable adverse effect on the patients' life modality. Medicinal agents, exclusively nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have been routinely applied in the clinic. But, their effects are restricted to pain control with insignificant effects on cartilage renovation, which would finally lead to cartilage destruction. In the field of regenerative medicine, many researchers have tried to use stem cells to repair tissues and other human organs. However, in recent years, with the discovery of extracellular microvesicles, especially exosomes, researchers have been able to offer more exciting alternatives on the subject. Exosomes and microvesicles are derived from different types of bone cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. They are also recognized to play substantial roles in bone remodeling processes including osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis. Specifically, exosomes derived from a mesenchymal stem cell have shown a great potential for the desired purpose. Exosomal products include miRNA, DNA, proteins, and other factors. At present, if it is possible to extract exosomes from various stem cells effectively and load certain products or drugs into them, they can be used in diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bone fractures, and other diseases. Of course, to achieve proper clinical use, advances have to be made to establish a promising regenerative ability for microvesicles for treatment purposes in the orthopedic disorders. In this review, we describe the exosomes biogenesis and bone cell derived exosomes in the regenerate process of bone and cartilage remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Pourakbari
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Khodadadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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75
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The Role of Exosomes in Bone Remodeling: Implications for Bone Physiology and Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:9417914. [PMID: 31485281 PMCID: PMC6710799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9417914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling represents a physiological phenomenon of continuous bone tissue renewal that requires fine orchestration of multiple cell types, which is critical for the understanding of bone disease but not yet clarified in precise detail. Exosomes, which are cell-secreted nanovesicles drawing increasing attention for their broad biosignaling functions, can shed new light on how multiple heterogeneous cells communicate for the purpose of bone remodeling. In the healthy bone, exosomes transmit signals favoring both bone synthesis and resorption, regulating the differentiation, recruitment, and activity of most cell types involved in bone remodeling and even assuming an active role in extracellular matrix mineralization. Additionally, in the ailing bone, they actively participate in pathogenic processes constituting also potential therapeutic agents and drug vectors. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on bone exosomes and bone remodeling in health and disease.
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76
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Shojaati G, Khandaker I, Funderburgh ML, Mann MM, Basu R, Stolz DB, Geary ML, Dos Santos A, Deng SX, Funderburgh JL. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Corneal Fibrosis and Inflammation via Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of miRNA. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1192-1201. [PMID: 31290598 PMCID: PMC6811691 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells from corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) prevent fibrotic scarring and stimulate regeneration of transparent stromal tissue after corneal wounding in mice. These effects rely on the ability of CSSC to block neutrophil infiltration into the damaged cornea. The current study investigated the hypothesis that tissue regeneration by CSSC is mediated by secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). CSSC produced EVs 130-150 nm in diameter with surface proteins that include CD63, CD81, and CD9. EVs from CSSC reduced visual scarring in murine corneal wounds as effectively as did live cells, but EVs from human embryonic kidney (HEK)293T cells had no regenerative properties. CSSC EV treatment of wounds decreased expression of fibrotic genes Col3a1 and Acta2, blocked neutrophil infiltration, and restored normal tissue morphology. CSSC EVs labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dye, rapidly fused with corneal epithelial and stromal cells in culture, transferring microRNA (miRNA) to the target cells. Knockdown of mRNA for Alix, a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport, using siRNA, resulted in an 85% reduction of miRNA in the secreted EVs. The EVs with reduced miRNA were ineffective at blocking corneal scarring. Furthermore, CSSC with reduced Alix expression also lost their regenerative function, suggesting EVs as an obligate component in the delivery of miRNA. The results of these studies support an essential role for extracellular vesicles in the process by which CSSC cells block scarring and initiate regeneration of transparent corneal tissue after wounding. EVs appear to serve as a delivery vehicle for miRNA, which affects the regenerative action. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1192-1201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnar Shojaati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kantonsspital Winterthur, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irona Khandaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martha L Funderburgh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary M Mann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rohan Basu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Moira L Geary
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aurélie Dos Santos
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James L Funderburgh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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77
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Rody WJ, Truzman EL, Foster DT, Smith LN, Rocha FG, Sorenson HL, Wallet SM, Holliday LS. Clastic cells in orthodontic treatment: Translational challenges and recent advances. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22 Suppl 1:180-185. [PMID: 31074132 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthodontic treatment consists of numerous appliance activations that rely on stimulation of osteoclasts at alveolar bone sites. However, the action of osteoclast-like cells on dentin ("odontoclasts") is a pathological side effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) To report preliminary results from ongoing cell culture experiments to identify unique markers of dentin resorption, and (b) To discuss our work using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and exosomes for developing biological fluid-based biopsies to monitor clastic cell activity. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Twelve healthy volunteers in permanent dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the in vitro experiments, murine clastic cell precursors were cultured on dentin or bone slices for 7 days and phage-display biopanning was used to identify molecular surface differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. In the human study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected using different tools and analysed for protein and exosome recovery. RESULTS Biopanning generated antibody fragments that were uniquely reactive to odontoclasts. Numerous nanoparticles in the size range of exosomes were detected in all of the human GCF samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that there are molecular differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Emerging technologies may allow the use of exosomes in GCF as a clinical tool to detect markers of root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington J Rody
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Estela L Truzman
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Desmond T Foster
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leigh N Smith
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Fernanda G Rocha
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Heather L Sorenson
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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78
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Hadjiargyrou M, Komatsu DE. The Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs as Orthobiologics for Skeletal Fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:797-809. [PMID: 30866092 PMCID: PMC6536331 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The repair of a fractured bone is critical to the well-being of humans. Failure of the repair process to proceed normally can lead to complicated fractures, exemplified by either a delay in union or a complete nonunion. Both of these conditions lead to pain, the possibility of additional surgery, and impairment of life quality. Additionally, work productivity decreases, income is reduced, and treatment costs increase, resulting in financial hardship. Thus, developing effective treatments for these difficult fractures or even accelerating the normal physiological repair process is warranted. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, can serve as key regulatory molecules of fracture repair. In this review, a brief description of the fracture repair process and miRNA biogenesis is presented, as well as a summary of our current knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs in physiological fracture repair, osteoporotic fractures, and bone defect healing. Further, miRNA polymorphisms associated with fractures, miRNA presence in exosomes, and miRNAs as potential therapeutic orthobiologics are also discussed. This is a timely review as several miRNA-based therapeutics have recently entered clinical trials for nonskeletal applications and thus it is incumbent upon bone researchers to explore whether miRNAs can become the next class of orthobiologics for the treatment of skeletal fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000
| | - David E. Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181
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79
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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80
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Sun Z, Shi K, Yang S, Liu J, Zhou Q, Wang G, Song J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Yuan W. Effect of exosomal miRNA on cancer biology and clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:147. [PMID: 30309355 PMCID: PMC6182840 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are widely present in various body fluids. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in exosomes, the biogenesis, release, and uptake of which may involve the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT complex) and relevant proteins. After release, exosomes are taken up by neighboring or distant cells, and the miRNAs contained within modulate such processes as interfering with tumor immunity and the microenvironment, possibly facilitating tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Therefore, exosomal miRNAs have a significant function in regulating cancer progression. Here, we briefly review recent findings regarding tumor-derived exosomes, including RNA sorting and delivering mechanism. We then describe the intercommunication occurring between different cells via exosomal miRNAs in tumor microenvironmnt, with impacts on tumor proliferation, vascularization, metastasis and other biological characteristics. Finally, we highlight the potential role of these molecules as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis and tumor resistance to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junmin Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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81
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Dudics S, Venkatesha SH, Moudgil KD. The Micro-RNA Expression Profiles of Autoimmune Arthritis Reveal Novel Biomarkers of the Disease and Therapeutic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082293. [PMID: 30081592 PMCID: PMC6121685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the joints affecting about 0.3–1% of the population in different countries. About 50–60 percent of RA patients respond to presently used drugs. Moreover, the current biomarkers for RA have inherent limitations. Consequently, there is a need for additional, new biomarkers for monitoring disease activity and responsiveness to therapy of RA patients. We examined the micro-RNA (miRNA) profile of immune (lymphoid) cells of arthritic Lewis rats and arthritic rats treated with celastrol, a natural triterpenoid. Experimental and bioinformatics analyses revealed 8 miRNAs (miR-22, miR-27a, miR-96, miR-142, miR-223, miR-296, miR-298, and miR-451) and their target genes in functional pathways important for RA pathogenesis. Interestingly, 6 of them (miR-22, miR-27a, miR-96, miR-142, miR-223, and miR-296) were further modulated by celastrol treatment. Interestingly, serum levels of miR-142, miR-155, and miR-223 were higher in arthritic versus control rats, whereas miR-212 showed increased expression in celastrol-treated rats compared with arthritic rats or control rats. This is the first study on comprehensive miRNA expression profiling in the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model and it also has revealed new miRNA targets for celastrol in arthritis. We suggest that subsets of the above miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers of disease activity and therapeutic response in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dudics
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Shivaprasad H Venkatesha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Kamal D Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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