51
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Gartel AL. FOXM1 in Cancer: Interactions and Vulnerabilities. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3135-3139. [PMID: 28584182 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FOXM1 is a transcription factor of the Forkhead family that is required for cell proliferation of normal cells. However, FOXM1 is repeatedly overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, and it has been implicated in all major hallmarks of cancer delineated by Hanahan and Weinberg. It has been postulated that the oncogenic potential of FOXM1 is determined by its capacity to transactivate target genes that are implicated in different phases of cancer development. However, FOXM1 may also play an oncogenic role by interacting with other proteins, such as β-catenin or SMAD3 to induce oncogenic WNT and TGFβ signaling pathways, respectively. In this review, I will discuss the protein-protein interactions of FOXM1 that are critical for cancer development and may represent novel targets for anticancer drugs. Cancer Res; 77(12); 3135-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Thanasupawat T, Natarajan S, Rommel A, Glogowska A, Bergen H, Krcek J, Pitz M, Beiko J, Krawitz S, Verma IM, Ghavami S, Klonisch T, Hombach-Klonisch S. Dovitinib enhances temozolomide efficacy in glioblastoma cells. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1078-1098. [PMID: 28500786 PMCID: PMC5537714 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor and FDA‐approved drug dovitinib (Dov) crosses the blood–brain barrier and was recently used as single drug application in clinical trials for GB patients with recurrent disease. The Dov‐mediated molecular mechanisms in GB cells are unknown. We used GB patient cells and cell lines to show that Dov downregulated the stem cell protein Lin28 and its target high‐mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2). The Dov‐induced reduction in pSTAT3Tyr705 phosphorylation demonstrated that Dov negatively affects the STAT3/LIN28/Let‐7/HMGA2 regulatory axis in GB cells. Consistent with the known function of LIN28 and HMGA2 in GB self‐renewal, Dov reduced GB tumor sphere formation. Dov treatment also caused the downregulation of key base excision repair factors and O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT), which are known to have important roles in the repair of temozolomide (TMZ)‐induced alkylating DNA damage. Combined Dov/TMZ treatment enhanced TMZ‐induced DNA damage as quantified by nuclear γH2AX foci and comet assays, and increased GB cell apoptosis. Pretreatment of GB cells with Dov (‘Dov priming’) prior to TMZ treatment reduced GB cell viability independent of p53 status. Sequential treatment involving ‘Dov priming’ and alternating treatment cycles with TMZ and Dov substantially reduced long‐term GB cell survival in MGMT+ patient GB cells. Our results may have immediate clinical implications to improve TMZ response in patients with LIN28+/HMGA2+GB, independent of their MGMT methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suchitra Natarajan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amy Rommel
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Glogowska
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hugo Bergen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jerry Krcek
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marshall Pitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jason Beiko
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sherry Krawitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Inder M Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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53
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Stanzani E, Martínez-Soler F, Mateos TM, Vidal N, Villanueva A, Pujana MA, Serra-Musach J, de la Iglesia N, Giménez-Bonafé P, Tortosa A. Radioresistance of mesenchymal glioblastoma initiating cells correlates with patient outcome and is associated with activation of inflammatory program. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73640-73653. [PMID: 29088733 PMCID: PMC5650288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) still remains an incurable disease being radiotherapy (RT) the mainstay treatment. Glioblastoma intra-tumoral heterogeneity and Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells (GICs) challenge the design of effective therapies. We investigated GICs and non-GICs response to RT in a paired in-vitro model and addressed molecular programs activated in GICs after RT. Established GICs heterogeneously expressed several GICs markers and displayed a mesenchymal signature. Upon fractionated RT, GICs reported higher radioresistance compared to non-GICs and showed lower α- and β-values, according to the Linear Quadratic Model interpretation of the survival curves. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between GICs radiosensitivity and patient disease-free survival. Transcriptome analysis of GICs after acquisition of a radioresistant phenotype reported significant activation of Proneural-to-Mesenchymal transition (PMT) and pro-inflammatory pathways, being STAT3 and IL6 the major players. Our findings support a leading role of mesenchymal GICs in defining patient response to RT and provide the grounds for targeted therapies based on the blockade of inflammatory pathways to overcome GBM radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Stanzani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Martín Mateos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat S.L., Bellvitge Health Science Campus, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Serra-Musach
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria de la Iglesia
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pepita Giménez-Bonafé
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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54
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Abou-Antoun TJ, Hale JS, Lathia JD, Dombrowski SM. Brain Cancer Stem Cells in Adults and Children: Cell Biology and Therapeutic Implications. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:372-384. [PMID: 28374184 PMCID: PMC5398995 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors represent some of the most malignant cancers in both children and adults. Current treatment options target the majority of tumor cells but do not adequately target self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have been reported to resist the most aggressive radiation and chemotherapies, and give rise to recurrent, treatment-resistant secondary malignancies. With advancing technologies, we now have a better understanding of the genetic, epigenetic and molecular signatures and microenvironmental influences which are useful in distinguishing between distinctly different tumor subtypes. As a result, efforts are now underway to identify and target CSCs within various tumor subtypes based on this foundation. This review discusses progress in CSC biology as it relates to targeted therapies which may be uniquely different between pediatric and adult brain tumors. Studies to date suggest that pediatric brain tumors may benefit more from genetic and epigenetic targeted therapies, while combination treatments aimed specifically at multiple molecular pathways may be more effective in treating adult brain tumors which seem to have a greater propensity towards microenvironmental interactions. Ultimately, CSC targeting approaches in combination with current clinical therapies have the potential to be more effective owing to their ability to compromise CSCs maintenance and the mechanisms which underlie their highly aggressive and deadly nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Abou-Antoun
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen M Dombrowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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55
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Lee SY, Jeong EK, Ju MK, Jeon HM, Kim MY, Kim CH, Park HG, Han SI, Kang HS. Induction of metastasis, cancer stem cell phenotype, and oncogenic metabolism in cancer cells by ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:10. [PMID: 28137309 PMCID: PMC5282724 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the major tools of cancer treatment, and is widely used for a variety of malignant tumours. Radiotherapy causes DNA damage directly by ionization or indirectly via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby destroying cancer cells. However, ionizing radiation (IR) paradoxically promotes metastasis and invasion of cancer cells by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Metastasis is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy, and is closely linked to the rates of morbidity and mortality of many cancers. ROS have been shown to play important roles in mediating the biological effects of IR. ROS have been implicated in IR-induced EMT, via activation of several EMT transcription factors—including Snail, HIF-1, ZEB1, and STAT3—that are activated by signalling pathways, including those of TGF-β, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, G-CSF, EGFR/PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. Cancer cells that undergo EMT have been shown to acquire stemness and undergo metabolic changes, although these points are debated. IR is known to induce cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including dedifferentiation and self-renewal, and to promote oncogenic metabolism by activating these EMT-inducing pathways. Much accumulated evidence has shown that metabolic alterations in cancer cells are closely associated with the EMT and CSC phenotypes; specifically, the IR-induced oncogenic metabolism seems to be required for acquisition of the EMT and CSC phenotypes. IR can also elicit various changes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) that may affect invasion and metastasis. EMT, CSC, and oncogenic metabolism are involved in radioresistance; targeting them may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, preventing tumour recurrence and metastasis. This study focuses on the molecular mechanisms of IR-induced EMT, CSCs, oncogenic metabolism, and alterations in the TME. We discuss how IR-induced EMT/CSC/oncogenic metabolism may promote resistance to radiotherapy; we also review efforts to develop therapeutic approaches to eliminate these IR-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Eui Kyong Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ju
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Pusan, 619-953, Korea
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.,DNA Identification Center, National Forensic Service, Seoul, 158-707, Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Park
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- The Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 609-735, Korea.
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