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Zhong W, Myers JS, Wang F, Wang K, Lucas J, Rosfjord E, Lucas J, Hooper AT, Yang S, Lemon LA, Guffroy M, May C, Bienkowska JR, Rejto PA. Comparison of the molecular and cellular phenotypes of common mouse syngeneic models with human tumors. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:2. [PMID: 31898484 PMCID: PMC6941261 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrates that reactivation of the human immune system delivers durable responses for some patients and represents an exciting approach for cancer treatment. An important class of preclinical in vivo models for immuno-oncology is immunocompetent mice bearing mouse syngeneic tumors. To facilitate translation of preclinical studies into human, we characterized the genomic, transcriptomic, and protein expression of a panel of ten commonly used mouse tumor cell lines grown in vitro culture as well as in vivo tumors. RESULTS Our studies identified a number of genetic and cellular phenotypic differences that distinguish commonly used mouse syngeneic models in our study from human cancers. Only a fraction of the somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in these common mouse cell lines directly match SNVs in human actionable cancer genes. Some models derived from epithelial tumors have a more mesenchymal phenotype with relatively low T-lymphocyte infiltration compared to the corresponding human cancers. CT26, a colon tumor model, had the highest immunogenicity and was the model most responsive to CTLA4 inhibitor treatment, by contrast to the relatively low immunogenicity and response rate to checkpoint inhibitor therapies in human colon cancers. CONCLUSIONS The relative immunogenicity of these ten syngeneic tumors does not resemble typical human tumors derived from the same tissue of origin. By characterizing the mouse syngeneic models and comparing with their human tumor counterparts, this study contributes to a framework that may help investigators select the model most relevant to study a particular immune-oncology mechanism, and may rationalize some of the challenges associated with translating preclinical findings to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhong
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA.
| | - Jeremy S Myers
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Justin Lucas
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Edward Rosfjord
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Judy Lucas
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Andrea T Hooper
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Sharon Yang
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Lu Anna Lemon
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Magali Guffroy
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Chad May
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, New York, Pearl River, 10965, USA
| | - Jadwiga R Bienkowska
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Paul A Rejto
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Carpenter KJ, Valfort AC, Steinauer N, Chatterjee A, Abuirqeba S, Majidi S, Sengupta M, Di Paolo RJ, Shornick LP, Zhang J, Flaveny CA. LXR-inverse agonism stimulates immune-mediated tumor destruction by enhancing CD8 T-cell activity in triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19530. [PMID: 31863071 PMCID: PMC6925117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype that is untreatable with hormonal or HER2-targeted therapies and is also typically unresponsive to checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy. Within the tumor microenvironment dysregulated immune cell metabolism has emerged as a key mechanism of tumor immune-evasion. We have discovered that the Liver-X-Receptors (LXRα and LXRβ), nuclear receptors known to regulate lipid metabolism and tumor-immune interaction, are highly activated in TNBC tumor associated myeloid cells. We therefore theorized that inhibiting LXR would induce immune-mediated TNBC-tumor clearance. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition of LXR activity induces tumor destruction primarily through stimulation of CD8+ T-cell cytotoxic activity and mitochondrial metabolism. Our results imply that LXR inverse agonists may be a promising new class of TNBC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Carpenter
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Aurore-Cecile Valfort
- The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Louis College of Pharmacy, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nick Steinauer
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Suomia Abuirqeba
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Shabnam Majidi
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Monideepa Sengupta
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Richard J Di Paolo
- The Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish and Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Laurie P Shornick
- The Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish and Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Colin A Flaveny
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA. .,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish and Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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53
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Steenbrugge J, Vander Elst N, Demeyere K, De Wever O, Sanders NN, Van Den Broeck W, Dirix L, Van Laere S, Meyer E. Comparative Profiling of Metastatic 4T1- vs. Non-metastatic Py230-Based Mammary Tumors in an Intraductal Model for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2928. [PMID: 31921184 PMCID: PMC6927949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma (IC) in breast cancer can be faithfully reproduced by the intraductal mouse model. Envisaging to use this model for therapeutic testing, we aimed to in-depth characterize the tumor immunity associated with the differential progression of two types of intraductal tumors. More specifically, we focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and intraductally inoculated luciferase-expressing metastatic 4T1 and locally invasive Py230 cells in lactating mammary glands of syngeneic BALB/c and C57BL/6 female mice, respectively. Although the aggressive 4T1 cells rapidly formed solid tumors, Py230 tumors eventually grew to a similar size through enhanced proliferation. Yet, ductal tumor cell breakthrough and metastasis occurred earlier in the 4T1- compared to the Py230-based intraductal model and was associated with high expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as well as an increased influx of immune cells (mainly macrophages, neutrophils and T-cells). Moreover, activated cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells and programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive cells were more prominent in the 4T1-based intraductal model in line with enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine and gene expression profiles. Py230-based tumors showed a more immunosuppressed anti-inflammatory profile with a high amount of regulatory T-cells, which may account for the decreased T-cell activation but increased proliferation compared to the 4T1-based tumors. Taken together, our results highlight the differential immunological aspects of aggressive metastatic and non-aggressive intraductal progression of 4T1- vs. Py230-based tumors, providing a base for future studies to explore therapy using these intraductal TNBC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Bioprofiling TS/A Murine Mammary Cancer for a Functional Precision Experimental Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121889. [PMID: 31783695 PMCID: PMC6966465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The TS/A cell line was established in 1983 from a spontaneous mammary tumor arisen in an inbred BALB/c female mouse. Its features (heterogeneity, low immunogenicity and metastatic ability) rendered the TS/A cell line suitable as a preclinical model for studies on tumor-host interactions and for gene therapy approaches. The integrated biological profile of TS/A resulting from the review of the literature could be a path towards the description of a precision experimental model of mammary cancer.
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55
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Abdel-Aziz AK, Saadeldin MK, D'Amico P, Orecchioni S, Bertolini F, Curigliano G, Minucci S. Preclinical models of breast cancer: Two-way shuttles for immune checkpoint inhibitors from and to patient bedside. Eur J Cancer 2019; 122:22-41. [PMID: 31606656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration has lately approved atezolizumab, anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), to be used together with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel in treating patients with triple negative breast cancer (BC) expressing PD-L1. Nonetheless, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are still challenged by the resistance and immune-related adverse effects evident in a considerable subset of treated patients without conclusive comprehension of the underlying molecular basis, biomarkers and tolerable therapeutic regimens capable of unleashing the anti-tumour immune responses. Stepping back to preclinical models is thus inevitable to address these inquiries. Herein, we comprehensively review diverse preclinical models of BC exploited in investigating ICIs underscoring their pros and cons as well as the learnt and awaited lessons to allow full exploitation of ICIs in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona Kamal Saadeldin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paolo D'Amico
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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56
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Yang Y, Yang HH, Tang B, Wu AML, Flanders KC, Moshkovich N, Weinberg DS, Welsh MA, Weng J, Ochoa HJ, Hu TY, Herrmann MA, Chen J, Edmondson EF, Simpson RM, Liu F, Liu H, Lee MP, Wakefield LM. The Outcome of TGFβ Antagonism in Metastatic Breast Cancer Models In Vivo Reflects a Complex Balance between Tumor-Suppressive and Proprogression Activities of TGFβ. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:643-656. [PMID: 31582516 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TGFβs are overexpressed in many advanced cancers and promote cancer progression through mechanisms that include suppression of immunosurveillance. Multiple strategies to antagonize the TGFβ pathway are in early-phase oncology trials. However, TGFβs also have tumor-suppressive activities early in tumorigenesis, and the extent to which these might be retained in advanced disease has not been fully explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of 12 immunocompetent mouse allograft models of metastatic breast cancer was tested for the effect of neutralizing anti-TGFβ antibodies on lung metastatic burden. Extensive correlative biology analyses were performed to assess potential predictive biomarkers and probe underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Heterogeneous responses to anti-TGFβ treatment were observed, with 5 of 12 models (42%) showing suppression of metastasis, 4 of 12 (33%) showing no response, and 3 of 12 (25%) showing an undesirable stimulation (up to 9-fold) of metastasis. Inhibition of metastasis was immune-dependent, whereas stimulation of metastasis was immune-independent and targeted the tumor cell compartment, potentially affecting the cancer stem cell. Thus, the integrated outcome of TGFβ antagonism depends on a complex balance between enhancing effective antitumor immunity and disrupting persistent tumor-suppressive effects of TGFβ on the tumor cell. Applying transcriptomic signatures derived from treatment-naïve mouse primary tumors to human breast cancer datasets suggested that patients with breast cancer with high-grade, estrogen receptor-negative disease are most likely to benefit from anti-TGFβ therapy. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to dogma, tumor-suppressive responses to TGFβ are retained in some advanced metastatic tumors. Safe deployment of TGFβ antagonists in the clinic will require good predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard H Yang
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Binwu Tang
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alex Man Lai Wu
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen C Flanders
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nellie Moshkovich
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas S Weinberg
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael A Welsh
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jia Weng
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Humberto J Ochoa
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany Y Hu
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle A Herrmann
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Pathology Histotechnology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Luo ZK, Chen QF, Qu X, Zhou XY. The Roles And Signaling Pathways Of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein 4 In Tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7685-7690. [PMID: 31571919 PMCID: PMC6755245 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) has been found to be highly expressed in many tumors and to be closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of tumors. PEBP4 has also been found to be involved in many cancer-activated signaling pathways and to cause therapeutic resistance. In this study, we first reviewed the morphological structure and expression of PEBP4, then discussed the roles of PEBP4 in individualized treatment of some cancers, and finally explored the possibilities of cultivating PEBP4 as a therapeutic target.We also identified the main signaling pathways in which PEBP4 affects different cancers. It is here concluded that over-expression of PEBP4 can enhance the proliferation and metastasis of the cancer cells and the resistance to radiotherapy/chemotherapy in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kang Luo
- Department of Clinical Medical, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Feng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
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Leslie PL, Chao YL, Tsai YH, Ghosh SK, Porrello A, Van Swearingen AED, Harrison EB, Cooley BC, Parker JS, Carey LA, Pecot CV. Histone deacetylase 11 inhibition promotes breast cancer metastasis from lymph nodes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4192. [PMID: 31519896 PMCID: PMC6744422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastases correspond with a worse prognosis in nearly all cancers, yet the occurrence of cancer spreading from LNs remains controversial. Additionally, the mechanisms explaining how cancers survive and exit LNs are largely unknown. Here, we show that breast cancer patients frequently have LN metastases that closely resemble distant metastases. In addition, using a microsurgical model, we show how LN metastasis development and dissemination is regulated by the expression of a chromatin modifier, histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11). Genetic and pharmacologic blockade of HDAC11 decreases LN tumor growth, yet substantially increases migration and distant metastasis formation. Collectively, we reveal a mechanism explaining how HDAC11 plasticity promotes breast cancer growth as well as dissemination from LNs and suggest caution with the use of HDAC inhibitors. The prognosis of cancer patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis is worse than those without. Here, the authors report that while histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) inhibition suppresses tumor growth within the LN, it also promotes cancer cell migration out of the LN to form distant metastasis, and therefore suggest caution with HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Leslie
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yvonne L Chao
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Subrata K Ghosh
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alessandro Porrello
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Amanda E D Van Swearingen
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Emily B Harrison
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brian C Cooley
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lisa A Carey
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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The flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside decreases local inflammation, suppresses NFκB signaling, and inhibits mammary tumor growth. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:545-557. [PMID: 30367332 PMCID: PMC6394576 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-5021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to the polyphenolic plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and its metabolite enterolactone (ENL) has been associated with reduced breast cancer progression, particularly for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-negative disease, and decreased preclinical mammary tumor growth. However, while preclinical studies have established that SDG and ENL affect measures of progression in models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, a subset of ERα-negative disease), the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (control, 10% kcal from fat) or control diet + SDG (SDG, 100 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks, then orthotopically injected with syngeneic E0771 mammary tumor cells (a model of TNBC); tumor growth was monitored for 3 weeks. The role of reduced NF-κB signaling in SDG's anti-tumor effects was explored in vitro via treatment with the bioactive SDG metabolite ENL. In addition to the murine E0771 cells, the in vitro studies utilized MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, two human cell lines which model the triple-negative and luminal A breast cancer subtypes, respectively. RESULTS SDG supplementation in the mice significantly reduced tumor volume and expression of phospho-p65 and NF-κB target genes (P < 0.05). Markers of macrophage infiltration were decreased in the distal-to-tumor mammary fat pad of mice supplemented with SDG relative to control mice (P < 0.05). In vitro, ENL treatment inhibited viability, survival, and NF-κB activity and target gene expression in E0771, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05). Overexpression of Rela attenuated ENL's inhibition of E0771 cell viability and survival. CONCLUSIONS SDG reduces tumor growth in the E0771 model of TNBC, likely via a mechanism involving inhibition of NF-κB activity. SDG could serve as a practical and effective adjuvant treatment to reduce recurrence, but greater understanding of its effects is needed to inform the development of more targeted recommendations for its use.
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Ouarné M, Bouvard C, Boneva G, Mallet C, Ribeiro J, Desroches-Castan A, Soleilhac E, Tillet E, Peyruchaud O, Bailly S. BMP9, but not BMP10, acts as a quiescence factor on tumor growth, vessel normalization and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:209. [PMID: 30165893 PMCID: PMC6118004 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis has become an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, despite the initial success of anti-VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies, the overall survival appears only modestly improved and resistance to therapy often develops. Other anti-angiogenic targets are thus urgently needed. The predominant expression of the type I BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptor ALK1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1) in endothelial cells makes it an attractive target, and phase I/II trials are currently being conducted. ALK1 binds with strong affinity to two ligands that belong to the TGF-ß family, BMP9 and BMP10. In the present work, we addressed their specific roles in tumor angiogenesis, cancer development and metastasis in a mammary cancer model. METHODS For this, we used knockout (KO) mice for BMP9 (constitutive Gdf2-deficient), for BMP10 (inducible Bmp10-deficient) and double KO mice (Gdf2 and Bmp10) in a syngeneic immunocompetent orthotopic mouse model of spontaneous metastatic breast cancer (E0771). RESULTS Our studies demonstrate a specific role for BMP9 in the E0771 mammary carcinoma model. Gdf2 deletion increased tumor growth while inhibiting vessel maturation and tumor perfusion. Gdf2 deletion also increased the number and the mean size of lung metastases. On the other hand, Bmp10 deletion did not significantly affect the E0771 mammary model and the double deletion (Gdf2 and Bmp10) did not lead to a stronger phenotype than the single Gdf2 deletion. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data show that in a tumor environment BMP9 and BMP10 play different roles and thus blocking their shared receptor ALK1 is maybe not appropriate. Indeed, BMP9, but not BMP10, acts as a quiescence factor on tumor growth, lung metastasis and vessel normalization. Our results also support that activating rather than blocking the BMP9 pathway could be a new strategy for tumor vessel normalization in order to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ouarné
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Bouvard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gabriela Boneva
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Mallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Johnny Ribeiro
- Inserm, U1033, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,, Faculté de Médecine de Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Desroches-Castan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Soleilhac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie à Grande Echelle, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Peyruchaud
- Inserm, U1033, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,, Faculté de Médecine de Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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61
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Ghosh A, Sarkar S, Banerjee S, Behbod F, Tawfik O, McGregor D, Graff S, Banerjee SK. MIND model for triple-negative breast cancer in syngeneic mice for quick and sequential progression analysis of lung metastasis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198143. [PMID: 29813119 PMCID: PMC5973560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of breast cancer with specific molecular subtypes (e.g., ER or HER2 positive) in an immunocompetent or an immunocompromised environment significantly contribute to our understanding of cancer biology, despite some limitations, and they give insight into targeted therapies. However, an ideal triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse model is lacking. What has been missing in the TNBC mouse model is a sequential progression of the disease in an essential native microenvironment. This notion inspired us to develop a TNBC-model in syngeneic mice using a mammary intraductal (MIND) method. To achieve this goal, Mvt-1and 4T1 TNBC mouse cell lines were injected into the mammary ducts via nipples of FVB/N mice and BALB/c wild-type immunocompetent mice, respectively. We established that the TNBC-MIND model in syngeneic mice could epitomize all breast cancer progression stages and metastasis into the lungs via lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination within four weeks. Collectively, the syngeneic mouse-TNBC-MIND model may serve as a unique platform for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of TNBC growth and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sandipto Sarkar
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Saint Luke’s Hospital of Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas McGregor
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Pathology Department, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Graff
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Sarah Cannon Cancer Center at HCA Midwest Health, Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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62
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Brooks D, Zimmer A, Wakefield L, Lyle LT, Difilippantonio S, Tucci FC, Illiano S, Annunziata CM, Steeg PS. Limited fibrosis accompanies triple-negative breast cancer metastasis in multiple model systems and is not a preventive target. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23462-23481. [PMID: 29805748 PMCID: PMC5955109 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) is mechanistically implicated in both tumor metastasis and tissue fibrosis. Previously, metastasis was increased when fulminant fibrosis was first induced in mice, suggesting a direct connection between these processes. The current report examined the extent of metastasis-induced fibrosis in breast cancer model systems, and tested the metastasis preventive efficacy and fibrosis attenuation of antagonists for LPAR1 and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) in breast and ovarian cancer models. Staining analysis demonstrated only focal, low-moderate levels of fibrosis in lungs from eleven metastasis model systems. Two orally available LPAR1 antagonists, SAR100842 and EPGN9878, significantly inhibited breast cancer motility to LPA in vitro. Both compounds were negative for metastasis prevention and failed to reduce fibrosis in the experimental MDA-MB-231T and spontaneous murine 4T1 in vivo breast cancer metastasis models. SAR100842 demonstrated only occasional reductions in invasive metastases in the SKOV3 and OVCAR5 ovarian cancer experimental metastasis models. Two approved drugs for IPF, nintedanib and pirfenidone, were investigated. Both were ineffective at preventing MDA-MB-231T metastasis, with no attenuation of fibrosis. In summary, metastasis-induced fibrosis is only a minor component of metastasis in untreated progressive breast cancer. LPAR1 antagonists, despite in vitro evidence of specificity and efficacy, were ineffective in vivo as oral agents, as were approved IPF drugs. The data argue against LPAR1 and fibrosis as monotherapy targets for metastasis prevention in triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Brooks
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Zimmer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lalage Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L. Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Christina M. Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia S. Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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63
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Sahni JM, Keri RA. Targeting bromodomain and extraterminal proteins in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:156-176. [PMID: 29154989 PMCID: PMC5828951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a collection of distinct tumor subtypes that are driven by unique gene expression profiles. These transcriptomes are controlled by various epigenetic marks that dictate which genes are expressed and suppressed. During carcinogenesis, extensive restructuring of the epigenome occurs, including aberrant acetylation, alteration of methylation patterns, and accumulation of epigenetic readers at oncogenes. As epigenetic alterations are reversible, epigenome-modulating drugs could provide a mechanism to silence numerous oncogenes simultaneously. Here, we review the impact of inhibitors of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) family of epigenetic readers in breast cancer. These agents, including the prototypical BET inhibitor JQ1, have been shown to suppress a variety of oncogenic pathways while inducing minimal, if any, toxicity in models of several subtypes of breast cancer. BET inhibitors also synergize with multiple approved anti-cancer drugs, providing a greater response in breast cancer cell lines and mouse models than either single agent. The combined findings of the studies discussed here provide an excellent rationale for the continued investigation of the utility of BET inhibitors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sahni
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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64
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Jungwirth U, van Weverwijk A, Melake MJ, Chambers AF, Gao Q, Fivaz M, Isacke CM. Generation and characterisation of two D2A1 mammary cancer sublines to model spontaneous and experimental metastasis in a syngeneic BALB/c host. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.031740. [PMID: 29208627 PMCID: PMC5818081 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the complex mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis and therapy response necessitates relevant in vivo models, particularly syngeneic models with an intact immune system. Two syngeneic spontaneously metastatic sublines, D2A1-m1 and D2A1-m2, were generated from the poorly metastasising BALB/c-derived D2A1 cell line by serial in vivo passaging. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed distinct and shared characteristics of the metastatic D2A1-m1 and D2A1-m2 sublines. In particular, D2A1-m1 cells are more aggressive in experimental metastasis assays, while D2A1-m2 cells are more efficient at disseminating from the primary tumour in spontaneous metastasis assays. Surprisingly, classical metastasis-associated in vitro phenotypes, such as enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion, are reduced in the sublines compared to the parental cell line. Further, evasion of immune control cannot fully explain their enhanced metastatic properties. By contrast, both sublines show increased resistance to apoptosis when cultured in non-adherent conditions and, for the D2A1-m2 subline, increased 3D tumour spheroid growth. Moreover, the enhanced spontaneous metastatic phenotype of the D2A1-m2 subline is associated with an increased ability to recruit an activated tumour stroma. The metastatic D2A1-m1 and D2A1-m2 cell lines provide additional syngeneic models for investigating the different steps of the metastatic cascade and thereby represent valuable tools for breast cancer researchers. Finally, this study highlights that morphology and cell behaviour in 2D cell-based assays cannot be used as a reliable predictor of metastatic behaviour in vivo. Summary: We describe two D2A1 mouse mammary cancer sublines with enhanced spontaneous metastasis in a syngeneic host, and highlight the limitations of in vitro assays to predict in vivo metastatic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Jungwirth
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Antoinette van Weverwijk
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Miriam J Melake
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.,German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann F Chambers
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Qiong Gao
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Marc Fivaz
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Clare M Isacke
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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65
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Tian L, Zhang XHF, Mani SA. Effective models for antimetastatic therapies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93295-93296. [PMID: 29212140 PMCID: PMC5706786 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Xiang H.F. Zhang: Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiang H F Zhang
- Xiang H.F. Zhang: Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Xiang H.F. Zhang: Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
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