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Kovács P, Csonka T, Kovács T, Sári Z, Ujlaki G, Sipos A, Karányi Z, Szeőcs D, Hegedűs C, Uray K, Jankó L, Kiss M, Kiss B, Laoui D, Virág L, Méhes G, Bai P, Mikó E. Lithocholic Acid, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Increases Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1255. [PMID: 31461945 PMCID: PMC6769524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer patients, the diversity of the microbiome decreases, coinciding with decreased production of cytostatic bacterial metabolites like lithocholic acid (LCA). We hypothesized that LCA can modulate oxidative stress to exert cytostatic effects in breast cancer cells. Treatment of breast cancer cells with LCA decreased nuclear factor-2 (NRF2) expression and increased Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (KEAP1) expression via activation of Takeda G-protein coupled receptor (TGR5) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Altered NRF2 and KEAP1 expression subsequently led to decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), an antioxidant enzyme, and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The imbalance between the pro- and antioxidant enzymes increased cytostatic effects via increased levels of lipid and protein oxidation. These effects were reversed by the pharmacological induction of NRF2 with RA839, tBHQ, or by thiol antioxidants. The expression of key components of the LCA-elicited cytostatic pathway (iNOS and 4HNE) gradually decreased as the breast cancer stage advanced. The level of lipid peroxidation in tumors negatively correlated with the mitotic index. The overexpression of iNOS, nNOS, CAR, KEAP1, NOX4, and TGR5 or the downregulation of NRF2 correlated with better survival in breast cancer patients, except for triple negative cases. Taken together, LCA, a metabolite of the gut microbiome, elicits oxidative stress that slows down the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The LCA-oxidative stress protective pathway is lost as breast cancer progresses, and the loss correlates with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Kovács
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csonka
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Sári
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrien Sipos
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Karányi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szeőcs
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karen Uray
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laura Jankó
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Kiss
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Borbála Kiss
- Departments of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - László Virág
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Edit Mikó
- Departments of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Larsson P, Syed Khaja AS, Semenas J, Wang T, Sarwar M, Dizeyi N, Simoulis A, Hedblom A, Wai SN, Ødum N, Persson JL. The functional interlink between AR and MMP9/VEGF signaling axis is mediated through PIP5K1α/pAKT in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1686-1699. [PMID: 31381135 PMCID: PMC7004098 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no effective targeted therapeutics exists for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Given that matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and its associated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are critical for tumor vascularization and invasion under castration-resistant condition, it is therefore of great importance to define the functional association and interplay between androgen receptor (AR) and MMP9 and their associated key survival and invasion pathways in PCa cells. Here, we found that there was a significant correlation between MMP9 and AR protein expression in primary and metastatic PCa tissues, and a trend that high level of MMP9 expression was associated with poor prognosis. We demonstrated that constitutive activation of AR increased expression of MMP9 and VEGF/VEGF receptors. We further showed that AR exerts its effect on MMP9/VEGF signaling axis through PIP5K1α/AKT. We showed that MMP9 physically interacted with PIP5K1α via formation of protein-protein complexes. Furthermore, elevated expression of MMP9 enhanced ability of AR to activate its target gene cyclin A1. The elevated sequential activation of AR/PIP5K1α/AKT/MMP9/VEGF signaling axis contributed to increased invasiveness and growth of metastatic tumors. Conversely, treatment with PIP5K1α inhibitor significantly suppressed invasiveness of PCa cells expressing constitutively activated AR, this was coincident with its inhibitory effect of this inhibitor on AR/MMP9/VEGF pathways. Our results suggest that AR and MMP9-associated network proteins may be effectively targeted by blocking PIP5K1α/AKT pathways using PIP5K1α inhibitor in metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Larsson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Julius Semenas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tianyan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martuza Sarwar
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nishtman Dizeyi
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Athanasios Simoulis
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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53
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Nitric oxide and interactions with reactive oxygen species in the development of melanoma, breast, and colon cancer: A redox signaling perspective. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Prognostic Value of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in Human Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6304851. [PMID: 31275981 PMCID: PMC6582868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6304851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is confirmed to regulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) when cells are exposed to external stimulus. Recent publications revealed that overexpression of iNOS predicted poor clinical outcomes for patients with malignant cancers, e.g., gastric, bladder, and colorectal cancers; however, several studies reported no obvious relationship between iNOS expression and prognosis of solid tumors. The aim of our study was to investigate the pooled effect of the prognostic value of iNOS expression. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to January 15, 2019. The concerned outcomes of interest included overall survival (OS), cancer-special survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results Fourteen studies with 1,758 patients were included in this meta-analysis, and we reached the conclusion that increased iNOS expression was significantly associated with worse OS (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.57 - 2.28, p ≤ 0.001), worse CSS (HR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.88 - 5.20, p ≤ 0.001), and worse RFS (HR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.29 - 3.62, p = 0.003) in solid tumors. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis identified the significant relationship of high iNOS expression with poor OS in gastric cancer. No obvious publication bias was detected by Begg's tests. Conclusion In summary, the results drawn in our meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of iNOS had a significant association with poor survival in human cancer. iNOS might serve as a promising predictive biomarker of prognosis in cancer patients, and well-designed prospective studies are further needed to substantiate the prognostic value of iNOS.
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55
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Wu C, Chen M, Zhang Q, Yu L, Zhu J, Gao X. Genomic and GeneChip expression profiling reveals the inhibitory effects of Amorphophalli Rhizoma in TNBC cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:206-218. [PMID: 30731183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amorphophalli Rhizoma has been widely used as an adjuvant treatment for advanced or metastatic breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatoma, and malignant lymphoma, but its molecular mechanism of action for treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is generally poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate genomic changes related to the inhibitory effect of Amorphophalli Rhizoma and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene chip analysis was employed to explore genomic changes caused by Amorphophalli Rhizoma in TNBC cells. Potential classical signaling pathways, upstream regulators, functions, regulatory effects and gene interaction networks were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RNA interference (RNAi) assays were used to clarify the roles of potential target genes. RESULTS In total, 536 significantly upregulated and 648 significantly downregulated genes were identified between the group treated with Amorphophalli Rhizoma extract and that treated with vehicle. Many of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TNBC cells are involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair, the cell cycle, and cellular assembly and organization. Attenuation of KNL1, OLFML2A, RTKN2 and SGO1 gene expression by Amorphophalli Rhizoma significantly induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effects of Amorphophalli Rhizoma in TNBC cells likely occur through regulation of the spindle checkpoint, chromosomal and centrosomal instability, and cell membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery (Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine), Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Linghong Yu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiayan Zhu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xiufei Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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56
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S-nitrosylation and its role in breast cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. Nitric Oxide 2019; 87:52-59. [PMID: 30862477 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the modification by nitric oxide of free sulfhydryl groups in cysteines, has become an important regulatory mechanism in carcinogenesis and metastasis. S-nitrosylation of targets in tumor cells contributes to metastasis regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion. In the tumor environment, the role of S-nitrosylation in endothelium has not been addressed; however, the evidence points out that S-nitrosylation of endothelial proteins may regulate angiogenesis, adhesion of tumor cells to the endothelium, intra and extravasation of tumor cells and contribute to metastasis.
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57
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Elkamhawy A, Hassan AHE, Paik S, Sup Lee Y, Lee HH, Shin JS, Lee KT, Roh EJ. EGFR inhibitors from cancer to inflammation: Discovery of 4-fluoro-N-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzamide as a novel anti-inflammatory EGFR inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:112-118. [PMID: 30685642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
EGFR inhibitors are well-known as anticancer agents. Quite differently, we report our effort to develop EGFR inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents. Pyrimidinamide EGFR inhibitors eliciting low micromolar IC50 and the structurally close non-EGFR inhibitor urea analog were synthesized. Comparing their nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity in peritoneal macrophages and RAW 246.7 macrophages indicated that their anti-inflammatory activity in peritoneal macrophages might be a sequence of EGFR inhibition. Further evaluations proved that compound 4d significantly and dose-dependently inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production via NF-κB inactivation in peritoneal macrophages. Compound 4d might serve as a lead compound for development of a novel class of anti-inflammatory EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sora Paik
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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58
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols Against Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010193. [PMID: 30621039 PMCID: PMC6337309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. Green tea consumption is reported to play an important role in the prevention of carcinogenesis in many types of malignancies, including prostate cancer; however, epidemiological studies show conflicting results regarding these anti-cancer effects. In recent years, in addition to prevention, many investigators have shown the efficacy and safety of green tea polyphenols and combination therapies with green tea extracts and anti-cancer agents in in vivo and in vitro studies. Furthermore, numerous studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of green tea extracts. We believe that improved understanding of the detailed pathological roles at the molecular level is important to evaluate the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, in this review, we present current knowledge regarding the anti-cancer effects of green tea extracts in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms of action, such as influencing tumor growth, apoptosis, androgen receptor signaling, cell cycle, and various malignant behaviors. Finally, the future direction for the use of green tea extracts as treatment strategies in patients with prostate cancer is introduced.
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Hulin JA, Tommasi S, Elliot D, Mangoni AA. Small molecule inhibition of DDAH1 significantly attenuates triple negative breast cancer cell vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:602-612. [PMID: 30611984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA). Increased DDAH1 expression and subsequent increased NO production have been recently linked to cancer. Specifically, DDAH1 is implicated in establishment of a vascular network by tumour cells, vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which is strongly associated with tumour progression and poor patient prognosis. The use of DDAH1 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents thus represents a growing field of interest. Here we describe a UPLC-MS assay to quantify stability and intracellular concentration of two small molecule DDAH1 inhibitors synthesised by our group, ZST316 and ZST152, following incubation with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In an in vitro assay of VM, both DDAH1 inhibitors significantly attenuated formation of capillary-like tube structures in a dose-dependent fashion. This was not due to cell toxicity or altered cell proliferation, but may be due in part to inhibition of cell migration. Mechanistically, we demonstrate significant modulation of the endogenous DDAH/ADMA/NO pathway following exposure of 100 μM ZST316 or ZST152: a 40% increase in the DDAH1 substrate ADMA, and a 38% decrease in the DDAH1 product l-citrulline. This study represents the first evidence for therapeutic inhibition of DDAH1 by small molecules in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Ann Hulin
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Elliot
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Salaroglio IC, Gazzano E, Abdullrahman A, Mungo E, Castella B, Abd-Elrahman GEFAE, Massaia M, Donadelli M, Rubinstein M, Riganti C, Kopecka J. Increasing intratumor C/EBP-β LIP and nitric oxide levels overcome resistance to doxorubicin in triple negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:286. [PMID: 30482226 PMCID: PMC6258159 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) easily develops resistance to the first-line drug doxorubicin, because of the high levels of the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and the activation of pro-survival pathways dependent on endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interfering with these mechanisms may overcome the resistance to doxorubicin, a still unmet need in TNBC. METHODS We analyzed a panel of human and murine breast cancer cells for their resistance to doxorubicin, Pgp expression, lysosome and proteasome activity, nitrite production, ER-dependent cell death and immunogenic cell death parameters. We evaluated the efficacy of genetic (C/EBP-β LIP induction) and pharmacological strategies (lysosome and proteasome inhibitors), in restoring the ER-dependent and immunogenic-dependent cell death induced by doxorubicin, in vitro and in syngeneic mice bearing chemoresistant TNBC. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test. RESULTS We found that TNBC cells characterized by high levels of Pgp and resistance to doxorubicin, had low induction of the ER-dependent pro-apoptotic factor C/EBP-β LIP upon doxorubicin treatment and high activities of lysosome and proteasome that constitutively destroyed LIP. The combination of chloroquine and bortezomib restored doxorubicin sensitivity by activating multiple and interconnected mechanisms. First, chloroquine and bortezomib prevented C/EBP-β LIP degradation and activated LIP-dependent CHOP/TRB3/caspase 3 axis in response to doxorubicin. Second, C/EBP-β LIP down-regulated Pgp and up-regulated calreticulin that triggered the dendritic cell (DC)-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cell, followed by the activation of anti-tumor CD8+T-lymphocytes upon doxorubicin treatment. Third, chloroquine and bortezomib increased the endogenous production of nitric oxide that further induced C/EBP-β LIP and inhibited Pgp activity, enhancing doxorubicin's cytotoxicity. In orthotopic models of resistant TNBC, intratumor C/EBP-β LIP induction - achieved by a specific expression vector or by chloroquine and bortezomib - effectively reduced tumor growth and Pgp expression, increased intra-tumor apoptosis and anti-tumor immune-infiltrate, rescuing the efficacy of doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that preventing C/EBP-β LIP degradation by lysosome and proteasome inhibitors triggers multiple virtuous circuitries that restore ER-dependent apoptosis, down-regulate Pgp and re-activate the DC/CD8+T-lymphocytes response against TNBC. Lysosome and proteasome inhibitors associated with doxorubicin may overcome the resistance to the drug in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Salaroglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ahmad Abdullrahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratory of Blood Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gamal Eldein Fathy Abd-Ellatef Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratory of Blood Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Hematology Division, AO S Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Menachem Rubinstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Bignon E, Allega MF, Lucchetta M, Tiberti M, Papaleo E. Computational Structural Biology of S-nitrosylation of Cancer Targets. Front Oncol 2018; 8:272. [PMID: 30155439 PMCID: PMC6102371 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in redox signaling in normal and pathological cellular conditions. In particular, it is well known to react in vivo with cysteines by the so-called S-nitrosylation reaction. S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification that exerts a myriad of different effects, such as the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and biological interaction networks. We have appreciated, over the last years, the role of S-nitrosylation in normal and disease conditions. In this context, structural and computational studies can help to dissect the complex and multifaceted role of this redox post-translational modification. In this review article, we summarized the current state-of-the-art on the mechanism of S-nitrosylation, along with the structural and computational studies that have helped to unveil its effects and biological roles. We also discussed the need to move new steps forward especially in the direction of employing computational structural biology to address the molecular and atomistic details of S-nitrosylation. Indeed, this redox modification has been so far an underappreciated redox post-translational modification by the computational biochemistry community. In our review, we primarily focus on S-nitrosylated proteins that are attractive cancer targets due to the emerging relevance of this redox modification in a cancer setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bignon
- Computational Biology Laboratory Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Francesca Allega
- Computational Biology Laboratory Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Lucchetta
- Computational Biology Laboratory Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Tiberti
- Computational Biology Laboratory Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Keshet R, Erez A. Arginine and the metabolic regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in cancer. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/8/dmm033332. [PMID: 30082427 PMCID: PMC6124554 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays important roles in diverse biological processes and thus its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders. In cancer, NO has broad and sometimes dichotomous roles; it is involved in cancer initiation and progression, but also restricts cancer proliferation and invasion, and contributes to the anti-tumor immune response. The importance of NO in a range of cellular processes is exemplified by its tight spatial and dosage control at multiple levels, including via its transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic regulation. In this Review, we focus on the regulation of NO via the synthesis and availability of its precursor, arginine, and discuss the implications of this metabolic regulation for cancer biology and therapy. Despite the established contribution of NO to cancer pathogenesis, the implementation of NO-related cancer therapeutics remains limited, likely due to the challenge of targeting and inducing its protective functions in a cell- and dosage-specific manner. A better understanding of how arginine regulates the production of NO in cancer might thus support the development of anti-cancer drugs that target this key metabolic pathway, and other metabolic pathways involved in NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Mandel A, Larsson P, Sarwar M, Semenas J, Syed Khaja AS, Persson JL. The interplay between AR, EGF receptor and MMP-9 signaling pathways in invasive prostate cancer. Mol Med 2018; 24:34. [PMID: 30134822 PMCID: PMC6020326 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic Prostate cancer (PCa) cells have gained survival and invasive advantages. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which may mediate signalling to promote progression and invasion of various cancers. In this study, we uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying the interconnection among the androgen receptor (AR), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and EGFR in promoting PCa progression. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue microarrays consisting of primary and metastatic PCa tissues was performed. The clinical importance of EGFR and its association with survivals were analyzed using three cohorts from MSKCC Prostate Oncogenome Project dataset (For primary tumors, n = 181; for metastatic tumors n = 37) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma Provisional dataset (n = 495). Targeted overexpression or inhibition of the proteins of interests was introduced into PCa cell lines. Treatment of PCa cell lines with the compounds was conducted. Immunoblot analysis was performed. Results We showed that AR, MMP-9 and EGFR are interconnect factors, which may cooperatively promote PCa progression. Altered EGFR expression was associated with poor disease-free survival in PCa patients. Induced overexpression of AR led to an increase in the expression of EGFR, p-GSK-3β and decrease in p27 expression in PCa cell lines in the presence of androgen stimulation. Overexpression of MMP9 significantly induced EGFR expression in PCa cells. Inhibition of PIP5K1α, a lipid kinase that acts upstream of PI3K/AKT greatly reduced expressions of AR, MMP-9 and EGFR. Conclusions Our findings also suggest that PCa cells may utilize AR, EGFR and MMP-9 pathways in androgen-dependent as well as in castration-resistant conditions. Our data suggest a new therapeutic potential to block cancer metastasis by targeting AR, EGFR and MMP-9 pathways in subsets of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mandel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martuza Sarwar
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gatan 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julius Semenas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jenny L Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gatan 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Walsh EM, Keane MM, Wink DA, Callagy G, Glynn SA. Review of Triple Negative Breast Cancer and the Impact of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase on Tumor Biology and Patient Outcomes. Crit Rev Oncog 2016; 21:333-351. [PMID: 29431082 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2017021307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which are defined as estrogen-receptor, progesterone-receptor, and HER2-receptor negative, account for 10-20% of breast cancers, and they are associated with early metastasis, chemotherapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates. One aspect of TNBC that complicates its prognosis and the development of new molecular therapeutic targets is its clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Herein we compare TNBC and basal cytokeratin-positive breast cancers. We examine the different TNBC molecular subtypes, based on gene expression profiling, which include basal-like, mesenchymal, and luminal androgen receptors, in the context of their biology and impact on TNBC prognosis. We explore the potential role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in TNBC tumor biology and treatment responses. iNOS has been shown to induce p53 mutation accumulation, basal-like gene signature enrichment, and transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via S-nitrosylation, all of which are key components of TNBC biology. Moreover, iNOS predicts poor outcome in TNBC, and iNOS inhibitors show efficacy against TNBC when used in combination with chemotherapy. We discuss molecular targeted approaches, including EGFR, PARP, and VEGF inhibitors and immunotherapeutics, that are under consideration for the treatment of TNBC and what role, if any, iNOS may play in their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Walsh
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maccon M Keane
- Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - David A Wink
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Grace Callagy
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon A Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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