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Davidson M, Cunningham D. Molecular Stratification of Colorectal Cancer: Moving from the Laboratory to Clinical Practice. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-017-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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52
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Pehserl AM, Ress AL, Stanzer S, Resel M, Karbiener M, Stadelmeyer E, Stiegelbauer V, Gerger A, Mayr C, Scheideler M, Hutterer GC, Bauernhofer T, Kiesslich T, Pichler M. Comprehensive Analysis of miRNome Alterations in Response to Sorafenib Treatment in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122011. [PMID: 27916938 PMCID: PMC5187811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of drug resistance and have been previously proposed as potential biomarkers for the prediction of therapeutic response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of liver, renal and thyroid cancer, is currently being studied as a monotherapy in selected molecular subtypes or in combination with other drugs in metastatic CRC. In this study, we explored sorafenib-induced cellular effects in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog olog (KRAS) wild-type and KRAS-mutated CRC cell lines (Caco-2 and HRT-18), and finally profiled expression changes of specific miRNAs within the miRNome (>1000 human miRNAs) after exposure to sorafenib. Overall, sorafenib induced a time- and dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect through S-phase cell cycle arrest in KRAS wild-type and KRAS-mutated CRC cells. In HRT-18 cells, two human miRNAs (hsa-miR-597 and hsa-miR-720) and two small RNAs (SNORD 13 and hsa-miR-3182) were identified as specifically sorafenib-induced. In Caco-2 cells, nine human miRNAs (hsa-miR-3142, hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-4301, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-3182, hsa-miR-3142, hsa-miR-1246 and hsa-miR-720) were identified to be differentially regulated post sorafenib treatment. In conclusion, we confirmed sorafenib as a potential anti-neoplastic treatment strategy for CRC cells by demonstrating a growth-inhibitory and cell cycle–arresting effect of this drug. Changes in the miRNome indicate that some specific miRNAs might be relevant as indicators for sorafenib response, drug resistance and potential targets for combinatorial miRNA-based drug strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Pehserl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Margit Resel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Elke Stadelmeyer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christian Mayr
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Tian C, Yao S, Liu L, Ding Y, Ye Q, Dong X, Gao Y, Yang N, Li Q. Klf4 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting microRNA-31 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:47-56. [PMID: 27909734 PMCID: PMC5179175 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, demonstrating abnormal expression in cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we profiled 18 differentially regulated miRNAs, including miRNA-31, using miRNA array. Kruppel (or Krüppel)-like factor 4 (Klf4) is a transcription factor and putative tumor suppressor. Both were found to be significantly downregulated in liver cancer tissues and cells. However, little is known about the correlation between Klf4 and miRNA-31 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mRNA expression of Klf4 was decreased and inversely associated with the clinical stage, T classification and hepatitis B in patients with HCC, while the expression of miR-31 was lower (r=0.326, P=0.018). Using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and Transwell migration assays, we found that Klf4 and miR-31 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of liver cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that Klf4 directly binds to the promoter of miR-31 and activates its transcription. In vitro experiments confirmed that Klf4 regulated miR-31 and thereby inhibited HCC cell growth and metastasis. Taken together, our findings indicate that Klf4 directly regulates miR-31 in HCC. Thus, miR-31 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Youcheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingwang Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Sugi Y, Takahashi K, Kurihara K, Nakata K, Narabayashi H, Hamamoto Y, Suzuki M, Tsuda M, Hanazawa S, Hosono A, Kaminogawa S. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Toll-Interacting Protein in the Intestinal Epithelium. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164858. [PMID: 27741296 PMCID: PMC5065231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses against gut microbiota should be minimized to avoid unnecessary inflammation at mucosal surface. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip), an inhibitor of TLRs and IL-1 family cytokine-related intracellular signaling, in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Comparable mRNA expression was observed in murine small and large IECs (S-IECs and L-IECs). However, Tollip protein was only detected in L-IECs, but not in S-IECs. Similar results were obtained in germ-free mice, indicating that L-IEC-specific TOLLIP expression does not depend on bacterial colonization. Next, to understand the mechanisms underlying the post-transcriptional repression of Tollip, 3´-UTR-mediated translational regulation was evaluated. The region +1876/+2398 was responsible for the repression of Tollip expression. This region included the target sequence of miR-31. The inhibition of miR-31 restored the 3´-UTR-meditaed translational repression. In addition, miR-31 expression was significantly higher in S-IECs than in L-IECs, suggesting that miR-31 represses the translation of Tollip mRNA in S-IECs. Collectively, we conclude that the translation of Tollip is inhibited in S-IECs, at least in part, by miR-31 to yield L-IEC-specific high-level expression of the Tollip protein, which may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Sugi
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenta Kurihara
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakata
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Narabayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Tsuda
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Hanazawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Hosono
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaminogawa
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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55
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Fanale D, Castiglia M, Bazan V, Russo A. Involvement of Non-coding RNAs in Chemo- and Radioresistance of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 937:207-28. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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56
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Nemecek R, Berkovcova J, Radova L, Kazda T, Mlcochova J, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Slaby O, Svoboda M. Mutational analysis of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer samples underlying the resistance to cetuximab-based therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4695-703. [PMID: 27555788 PMCID: PMC4968864 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although several molecular markers predicting resistance to cetuximab- or panitumumab-based therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer were described, mutations in RAS proto-oncogenes remain the only predictors being used in daily clinical practice. However, 35%-45% of wild-type RAS patients still do not respond to this anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody-based therapy, and therefore the definition of other predictors forms an important clinical need. The aim of the present retrospective single-institutional study was to evaluate potential genes responsible for resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in relation to mutational analysis of primary versus metastatic lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four paired primary and corresponding metastatic tissue samples from eight nonresponding and four responding metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab-based therapy were sequenced using a next-generation sequencing panel of 26 genes involved in EGFR signaling pathway and colorectal carcinogenesis. RESULTS Mutational status of primary tumors and metastatic lesions was highly concordant in TP53, APC, CTNNB1, KRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and FBXW7 genes. Metastatic samples harbor significantly more mutations than primary tumors. Potentially negative predictive value of FBXW7 mutations in relationship to anti-EGFR treatment outcomes was confirmed. Finally, new occurrences of activating KRAS mutations were identified in a group of patients initially determined as wild-type RAS by routinely used qPCR-based RAS mutational tests. All newly detected activating KRAS mutations most likely led to cetuximab treatment failure. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest a need of careful consideration of previously published results of anti-EGFR-targeted therapy with regard to potentially inaccurate diagnostic tools used in the past. Based on our findings, we recommend more extensive use of next-generation sequencing testing in daily clinical practice, as it brings a significant added value in terms of validity of the diagnostic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Nemecek
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Berkovcova
- Department of Oncological and Experimental Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kazda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Mlcochova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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57
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Yang J, Li S, Wang B, Wu Y, Chen Z, Lv M, Lin Y, Yang J. Potential biomarkers for anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11645-11655. [PMID: 27422777 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy has established efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer, but a significant number of patients do not respond to such treatment. Recently, various biomarkers were reported to be useful in predicting resistance to anti-EGFR. All the potential biomarkers predicting resistance to anti-EGFR are reviewed herein from five aspects. First, upstream molecules, including epiregulin (EREG) and amphiregulin (AREG), might play different roles according to their abnormal levels in tumor tissue and serum. Second, the EGFR amplification and distinct polymorphisms may have roles in identifying patients for initial anti-EGFR mAbs therapy, while rare EGFR mutations have limited predictive values. Third, among the downstream molecularly related factors, rat sarcoma viral oncogene (Ras) has been identified as a successful predictor, while B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) is considered as a prognostic factor rather than a predictor. Fourth, among the molecular bypass pathway components, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) may be potential biomarkers in the future, while activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling confers resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Fifth, many microRNAs and additional molecular biomarkers are promising in predicting the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy. Applications of multiple biomarkers are more effective than the use of a single biomarker in selecting patients who might benefit from cetuximab- or panitumumab-based treatments. Comprehensive molecular analyses of the EGFR signaling pathways should be considered in the future. Subsequent prospective trials will be required to further confirm the clinical utility of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Biyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheling Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yayun Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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58
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Li X, Nie J, Mei Q, Han WD. MicroRNAs: Novel immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5317-5331. [PMID: 27340348 PMCID: PMC4910653 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and the prognosis for CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis is extremely poor. Although chemotherapy and radiation therapy can improve survival, there are still numerous efforts to be performed. Immunotherapy is frequently used, either alone or in combination with other therapies, for the treatment of CRC and is a safe and feasible way to improve CRC treatment. Furthermore, the significance of the immune system in the biology of CRC has been demonstrated by retrospective assessments of immune infiltrates in resected CRC tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that can regulate multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MiRNAs are required for normal immune system development and function. Nevertheless, aberrant expression of miRNAs is often observed in various tumor types and leads to immune disorders or immune evasion. The immunomodulatory function of miRNAs indicates that miRNAs may ultimately be part of the portfolio of anti-cancer targets. Herein, we will review the potential roles of miRNAs in the regulation of the immune response in CRC and then move on to discuss how to utilize different miRNA targets to treat CRC. We also provide an overview of the major limitations and challenges of using miRNAs as immunotherapeutic targets.
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Vishal M, Vimalraj S, Ajeetha R, Gokulnath M, Keerthana R, He Z, Partridge N, Selvamurugan N. MicroRNA-590-5p Stabilizes Runx2 by Targeting Smad7 During Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:371-380. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vishal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering; SRM University; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Vimalraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering; SRM University; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Ajeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering; SRM University; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - M. Gokulnath
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering; SRM University; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Keerthana
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering; SRM University; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Z. He
- Department of Basic and Craniofacial Biology; New York University College of Dentistry; New York New York
| | - N.C. Partridge
- Department of Basic and Craniofacial Biology; New York University College of Dentistry; New York New York
| | - N. Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering; SRM University; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
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MicroRNA-31 Emerges as a Predictive Biomarker of Pathological Response and Outcome in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060878. [PMID: 27271609 PMCID: PMC4926412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision has emerged as the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. However, many cases do not respond to neoadjuvant CRT, suffering unnecessary toxicities and surgery delays. Thus, identification of predictive biomarkers for neoadjuvant CRT is a current clinical need. In the present study, microRNA-31 expression was measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies from 78 patients diagnosed with LARC who were treated with neoadjuvant CRT. Then, the obtained results were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics and outcome. High microRNA-31 (miR-31) levels were found overexpressed in 34.2% of cases. Its overexpression significantly predicted poor pathological response (p = 0.018) and worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.008). The odds ratio for no pathological response among patients with miR-31 overexpression was 0.18 (Confidence Interval = 0.06 to 0.57; p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis corroborated the clinical impact of miR-31 in determining pathological response to neoadjuvant CRT as well as OS. Altogether, miR-31 quantification emerges as a novel valuable clinical tool to predict both pathological response and outcome in LARC patients.
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Azizian A, Epping I, Kramer F, Jo P, Bernhardt M, Kitz J, Salinas G, Wolff HA, Grade M, Beißbarth T, Ghadimi BM, Gaedcke J. Prognostic Value of MicroRNAs in Preoperative Treated Rectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:568. [PMID: 27092493 PMCID: PMC4849024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer are treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection. Despite similar clinical parameters (uT2-3, uN+) and standard therapy, patients’ prognoses differ widely. A possible prediction of prognosis through microRNAs as biomarkers out of treatment-naïve biopsies would allow individualized therapy options. Methods: Microarray analysis of 45 microdissected preoperative biopsies from patients with rectal cancer was performed to identify potential microRNAs to predict overall survival, disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, distant-metastasis-free survival, tumor regression grade, or nodal stage. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed on an independent set of 147 rectal cancer patients to validate relevant miRNAs. Results: In the microarray screen, 14 microRNAs were significantly correlated to overall survival. Five microRNAs were included from previous work. Finally, 19 miRNAs were evaluated by qPCR. miR-515-5p, miR-573, miR-579 and miR-802 demonstrated significant correlation with overall survival and cancer-specific survival (p < 0.05). miR-573 was also significantly correlated with the tumor regression grade after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. miR-133b showed a significant correlation with distant-metastasis-free survival. miR-146b expression levels showed a significant correlation with nodal stage. Conclusion: Specific microRNAs can be used as biomarkers to predict prognosis of patients with rectal cancer and possibly stratify patients’ therapy if validated in a prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Azizian
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Ingo Epping
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Frank Kramer
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Peter Jo
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Markus Bernhardt
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Julia Kitz
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Hendrik A Wolff
- Medical Practice Radiotherapy München, Burgstraße 7, München 80331, Germany.
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - B Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
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