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Auslander N, Cunningham CE, Toosi BM, McEwen EJ, Yizhak K, Vizeacoumar FS, Parameswaran S, Gonen N, Freywald T, Bhanumathy KK, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ, Ruppin E. An integrated computational and experimental study uncovers FUT9 as a metabolic driver of colorectal cancer. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:956. [PMID: 29196508 PMCID: PMC5740504 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20177739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations play an important role in cancer and yet, few metabolic cancer driver genes are known. Here we perform a combined genomic and metabolic modeling analysis searching for metabolic drivers of colorectal cancer. Our analysis predicts FUT9, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of Ley glycolipids, as a driver of advanced-stage colon cancer. Experimental testing reveals FUT9's complex dual role; while its knockdown enhances proliferation and migration in monolayers, it suppresses colon cancer cells expansion in tumorspheres and inhibits tumor development in a mouse xenograft models. These results suggest that FUT9's inhibition may attenuate tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that are known to dominate tumorspheres and early tumor growth, but promote bulk tumor cells. In agreement, we find that FUT9 silencing decreases the expression of the colorectal cancer TIC marker CD44 and the level of the OCT4 transcription factor, which is known to support cancer stemness. Beyond its current application, this work presents a novel genomic and metabolic modeling computational approach that can facilitate the systematic discovery of metabolic driver genes in other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Auslander
- Department of Computer Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chelsea E Cunningham
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Behzad M Toosi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Emily J McEwen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Keren Yizhak
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frederick S Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sreejit Parameswaran
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nir Gonen
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Freywald
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kalpana K Bhanumathy
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada .,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Department of Computer Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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52
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Liu C, Qiu H, Yu M, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Jiang Z, Shao X, Hua D, Liu M, Wu S. c-Jun-mediated β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 expression: A novel mechanism regulating the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3722-3728. [PMID: 28927138 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of polylactosamine glycan structures by transferring GlcNAc to tetra-antennary β1-6-branched N-glycans, and it has been reported to participate in tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) and polylactosamine. By contrast, the role of transcription factor c-Jun in cell cycle progression has been well established. c-Jun has an important role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which c-Jun regulates these processes in colorectal carcinoma cells are not fully elucidated. In the present study, c-Jun had a significant effect on the invasive and migratory abilities of SW480 and LoVo cells. Additionally, overexpression of c-Jun was able to increase the expression of β3GnT8, MMPs, CD147 and polylactosamine. Similarly, knockdown of c-Jun was able to decrease the expression of β3GnT8, MMPs, CD147 and polylactosamine. These results suggest that c-Jun is able to regulate colorectal carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis via β3GnT8. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that c-Jun is able to bind directly to the promoter regions of β3GnT8 in SW480 and LoVo cells. This leads to transcriptional activation of β3GnT8, which in turn regulates the expression of tumor invasion and metastasis-associated genes. The results of the present study demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying colorectal carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis, where β3GnT8 is transcriptionally activated via c-Jun binding to its promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Meiyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zerong Wang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Shao
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hua
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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53
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Sumardika IW, Youyi C, Kondo E, Inoue Y, Ruma IMW, Murata H, Kinoshita R, Yamamoto KI, Tomida S, Shien K, Sato H, Yamauchi A, Futami J, Putranto EW, Hibino T, Toyooka S, Nishibori M, Sakaguchi M. β-1,3-Galactosyl- O-Glycosyl-Glycoprotein β-1,6- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 Increases MCAM Stability, Which Enhances S100A8/A9-Mediated Cancer Motility. Oncol Res 2017; 26:431-444. [PMID: 28923134 PMCID: PMC7844831 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15031557924123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified novel S100A8/A9 receptors, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), and neuroplastin (NPTN) β, that are critically involved in S100A8/A9-mediated cancer metastasis and inflammation when expressed at high levels. However, little is known about the presence of any cancer-specific mechanism(s) that modifies these receptors, further inducing upregulation at protein levels without any transcriptional regulation. Expression levels of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes were examined by a PCR-based profiling array followed by confirmation with quantitative real-time PCR. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using a Boyden chamber. Western blotting was used to examine the protein level, and the RNA level was examined by Northern blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression pattern of β-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (GCNT3) and MCAM in melanoma tissue. We found that GCNT3 is overexpressed in highly metastatic melanomas. Silencing and functional inhibition of GCNT3 greatly suppressed migration and invasion of melanoma cells, resulting in the loss of S100A8/A9 responsiveness. Among the novel S100A8/A9 receptors, GCNT3 favorably glycosylates the MCAM receptor, extending its half-life and leading to further elevation of S100A8/A9-mediated cellular motility in melanoma cells. GCNT3 expression is positively correlated to MCAM expression in patients with high-grade melanomas. Collectively, our results showed that GCNT3 is an upstream regulator of MCAM protein and indicate the possibility of a potential molecular target in melanoma therapeutics through abrogation of the S100A8/A9-MCAM axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wayan Sumardika
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Chen Youyi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigataJapan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma UniversityGunmaJapan
| | - I Made Winarsa Ruma
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Department of Biobank, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayamaJapan
| | - Endy Widya Putranto
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakartaIndonesia
| | | | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Biobank, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
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54
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Glycans as Regulatory Elements of the Insulin/IGF System: Impact in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091921. [PMID: 28880250 PMCID: PMC5618570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in mammals comprises a dynamic network of proteins that modulate several biological processes such as development, cell growth, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF system has major implications for several pathological conditions such as diabetes and cancer. Metabolic changes also culminate in aberrant glycosylation, which has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer. Changes in glycosylation regulate every pathophysiological step of cancer progression including tumour cell-cell dissociation, cell migration, cell signaling and metastasis. This review discusses how the insulin/IGF system integrates with glycosylation alterations and impacts on cell behaviour, metabolism and drug resistance in cancer.
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55
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Hyperglycemia exacerbates colon cancer malignancy through hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e306. [PMID: 28319096 PMCID: PMC5533945 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetes mellitus, considered as a risk factor for cancer. However, its direct effects in cancer cell behavior are relatively unexplored. Herein we show that high glucose concentration induces aberrant glycosylation, increased cell proliferation, invasion and tumor progression of colon cancer. By modulating the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), we demonstrate that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is involved in those processes. Biopsies from patients with colon carcinoma show increased levels of GFAT and consequently aberrant glycans’ expression suggesting an increase of HBP flow in human colon cancer. All together, our results open the possibility that HBP links hyperglycemia, aberrant glycosylation and tumor malignancy, and suggest this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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56
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N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35210. [PMID: 27869218 PMCID: PMC5116672 DOI: 10.1038/srep35210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates oncogenic processes partly through N-glycosylation modifications. N-glycosylation has been demonstrated to be instrumental for the regulation of CD147 function during malignant transformation. However, the role that site-specific glycosylation of CD147 plays in its defective function in hepatocellular carcinomacells needs to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that the modification of N-glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 strongly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and migration. After the removal of N-glycans at Asn152, CD147 was more susceptible to degradation by ER-localized ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Furthermore, N-linked glycans at Asn152 were required for CD147 to acquire and maintain proper folding in the ER. Moreover, N-linked glycans at Asn152 functioned as a recognition motif that was directly mediated by the CNX quality control system. Two phases in the retention-based ER chaperones system drove ER-localized CD147 trafficking to degradation. Deletion of N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 significantly suppressed in situ tumour metastasis. These data could potentially shed light on the molecular regulation of CD147 through glycosylation and provide a valuable means of developing drugs that target N-glycans at Asn152 on CD147.
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57
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Holst S, Heijs B, de Haan N, van Zeijl RJM, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, van Pelt GW, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Mesker WE, Tollenaar RA, Drake RR, Bovée JVMG, McDonnell LA, Wuhrer M. Linkage-Specific in Situ Sialic Acid Derivatization for N-Glycan Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5904-13. [PMID: 27145236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging is a rapidly evolving field in which mass spectrometry techniques are applied directly on tissues to characterize the spatial distribution of various molecules such as lipids, protein/peptides, and recently also N-glycans. Glycans are involved in many biological processes and several glycan changes have been associated with different kinds of cancer, making them an interesting target group to study. An important analytical challenge for the study of glycans by MALDI mass spectrometry is the labile character of sialic acid groups which are prone to in-source/postsource decay, thereby biasing the recorded glycan profile. We therefore developed a linkage-specific sialic acid derivatization by dimethylamidation and subsequent amidation and transferred this onto formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for MALDI imaging of N-glycans. Our results show (i) the successful stabilization of sialic acids in a linkage specific manner, thereby not only increasing the detection range, but also adding biological meaning, (ii) that no noticeable lateral diffusion is induced during to sample preparation, (iii) the potential of mass spectrometry imaging to spatially characterize the N-glycan expression within heterogeneous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - René J M van Zeijl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gabi W van Pelt
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine , 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Peggy M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.,Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, c/o Croce Rossa Italiana , via Panfilo Castaldi 2, 56121, Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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