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Kwon SB, An S, Kim MJ, Kim KR, Choi YM, Ahn KJ, An IS, Cha HJ. Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate and epidermal growth factor synergistically restore extracellular matrix in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:741-748. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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The Effects of Dietary Macronutrient Balance on Skin Structure in Aging Male and Female Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166175. [PMID: 27832138 PMCID: PMC5104383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition influences skin structure; however, a systematic investigation into how energy and macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate and fat) affects the skin has yet to be conducted. We evaluated the associations between macronutrients, energy intake and skin structure in mice fed 25 experimental diets and a control diet for 15 months using the Geometric Framework, a novel method of nutritional analysis. Skin structure was associated with the ratio of dietary macronutrients eaten, not energy intake, and the nature of the effect differed between the sexes. In males, skin structure was primarily associated with protein intake, whereas in females carbohydrate intake was the primary correlate. In both sexes, the dermis and subcutaneous fat thicknesses were inversely proportional. Subcutaneous fat thickness varied positively with fat intake, due to enlarged adipocytes rather than increased adipocyte number. We therefore demonstrated clear interactions between skin structure and macronutrient intakes, with the associations being sex-specific and dependent on dietary macronutrient balance.
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Zhao J, Zeng X, Song P, Wu X, Shi H. AKT1 as the PageRank hub gene is associated with melanoma and its functional annotation is highly related to the estrogen signaling pathway that may regulate the growth of melanoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2087-93. [PMID: 27573172 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to detect the disease-associated genes and their gene interaction function and association with melanoma mechanisms, we identified a total of 1,310 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database GSE3189 with FDR <0.01 and |logFC| >2 using the R package. After constructing the gene interaction network by STRING with the selected DEGs, we applied a statistical approach to identify the topological hub genes with PageRank score. Forty-four genes were identified in this network and AKT1 was selected as the most important hub gene. The AKT1 gene encodes a serine‑threonine protein kinase (AKT). High expression of AKT is involved in the resistance of cell apoptosis as well as adaptive resistance to treatment in melanoma. Our results indicated that AKT1 with a higher expression in melanoma showed enriched binding sites in the negative regulation of response to external stimulus, which enables cells to adapt to changes in external stimulation for survival. Another finding was that AKT regulated the lipid metabolic process and may be involved in melanoma progression and promotion of tumor growth through gene enrichment function analysis. Two highlighted pathways were detected in our study: i) the estrogen signaling pathway modulates the immune tolerance and resistance to cell apoptosis, which contributes to the growth of melanoma and ii) the RAP1 signaling pathway which regulates focal adhesion (FA) negative feedback to cell migration and invasion in melanoma. Our studies highlighted the top differentially expressed gene AKT1 and its correlation with the estrogen signaling and RAP1 signaling pathways to alter the proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cells. Analysis of the enrichment functions of genes associated with melanoma will help us find the exact mechanism of melanoma and advance the full potential of newly targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of the Chinese Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of the Chinese Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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Chalyk NE, Bandaletova TY, Kyle NH, Petyaev IM. Age-related differences in morphological characteristics of residual skin surface components collected from the surface of facial skin of healthy male volunteers. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:212-220. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. E. Chalyk
- Lycotec Ltd; Cambridge UK
- Institute of Cardiology; Saratov Russia
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Haustead DJ, Stevenson A, Saxena V, Marriage F, Firth M, Silla R, Martin L, Adcroft KF, Rea S, Day PJ, Melton P, Wood FM, Fear MW. Transcriptome analysis of human ageing in male skin shows mid-life period of variability and central role of NF-κB. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26846. [PMID: 27229172 PMCID: PMC4882522 DOI: 10.1038/srep26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is well-known to be a significant factor in both disease pathology and response to treatment, yet the molecular changes that occur with age in humans remain ill-defined. Here, using transcriptome profiling of healthy human male skin, we demonstrate that there is a period of significantly elevated, transcriptome-wide expression changes occurring predominantly in middle age. Both pre and post this period, the transcriptome appears to undergo much smaller, linear changes with increasing age. Functional analysis of the transient changes in middle age suggest a period of heightened metabolic activity and cellular damage associated with NF-kappa-B and TNF signaling pathways. Through meta-analysis we also show the presence of global, tissue independent linear transcriptome changes with age which appear to be regulated by NF-kappa-B. These results suggest that aging in human skin is associated with a critical mid-life period with widespread transcriptome changes, both preceded and proceeded by a relatively steady rate of linear change in the transcriptome. The data provides insight into molecular changes associated with normal aging and will help to better understand the increasingly important pathological changes associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Haustead
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fiona Marriage
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Martin Firth
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robyn Silla
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Lisa Martin
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Katharine F. Adcroft
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Suzanne Rea
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Philip J. Day
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Phillip Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA , Australia 6009
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Mark W. Fear
- The Fiona Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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Abstract
The estrogen receptors, ERα, ERβ, and GPER, mediate the effects of estrogenic compounds on their target tissues. Estrogen receptors are located in the tissues of the female reproductive tract and breast as one would expect, but also in tissues as diverse as bone, brain, liver, colon, skin, and salivary gland. The purpose of this discussion of the estrogen receptors is to provide a brief overview of the estrogen receptors and estrogen action from perspectives such as the historical, physiological, pharmacological, pathological, structural, and ligand perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Eyster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
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57
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Butzelaar L, Ulrich MMW, Mink van der Molen AB, Niessen FB, Beelen RHJ. Currently known risk factors for hypertrophic skin scarring: A review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015; 69:163-9. [PMID: 26776348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to provide an overview of risk factors for hypertrophic scarring. BACKGROUND Hypertrophic skin scarring remains a major concern in medicine and causes considerable morbidity. Despite extensive research on this topic, the precise mechanism of excessive scarring is still unknown. In addition, the current literature lacks an overview of the possible risk factors in the development of hypertrophic scars. METHODS PubMed searches were performed on risk factors for hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation. RESULTS Eleven studies suggesting nine factors associated with HTS formation were found. Studies concerning chemotherapy, age, stretch, infection, and smoking have a moderate to high strength of evidence, but some other factors have not been studied in a convincing manner or are still disputed. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for HTS formation are young age, bacterial colonization, and skin subjected to stretch. Chemotherapy, statins, and smoking seem to play a protective role in HTS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Butzelaar
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M M W Ulrich
- Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A B Mink van der Molen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F B Niessen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R H J Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Dermatological disorders are a common workplace injury. Workers in many occupations are at increased risk of developing dermatological skin disorders due to chemical and physical hazards in the workplace. Contact irritant dermatitis can have adverse health effects on workers and may cause permanent scarring and disability. An occupational risk assessment may identify those workers at risk, and provide strategies to decrease the risk of developing contact irritant dermatitis and treatment options.
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Tang J, Li Q, Cheng B, Huang C, Chen K. Effects of diethylstilbestrol on the proliferation and tyrosinase activity of cultured human melanocytes. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:499-502. [PMID: 26171155 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of different exogenous estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) concentrations on the human melanocyte proliferation and tyrosinase activity. Skin specimens were obtained following blepharoplasty, and the melanocytes were primary cultured and passaged to the third generation. The melanocytes were seeded in 96-well plates, each well had 5×103 cells. The medium was changed after 24 h, and contained 10-4-10-8 M DES. After the melanocytes were incubated, the proliferation and tyrosinase activity were detected by the MTT assay and L-DOPA reaction. DES (10-8-10-6 M) enhanced the proliferation of cultured melanocytes. The intensity was positively correlated with the concentration of drug. DES, >10-5 M, inhibited the melanocytes proliferation or even produced the toxicity effect. Following the addition of 10-6 M DES to the medium, the tyrosinase activity of melanocytes was significantly increased, with P<0.05. In conclusion, a certain concentration of DES promoted the proliferation of melanocytes, enhanced the activity of tyrosinase and promoted pigment synthesis of melanocytes, with the optimal concentration of 10-6 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, People's Liberation Army, HuaBo BioPharmaceutical Institute of Guangzhou, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, People's Liberation Army, HuaBo BioPharmaceutical Institute of Guangzhou, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, People's Liberation Army, HuaBo BioPharmaceutical Institute of Guangzhou, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, People's Liberation Army, HuaBo BioPharmaceutical Institute of Guangzhou, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, People's Liberation Army, HuaBo BioPharmaceutical Institute of Guangzhou, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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60
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Auriemma M, Di Nicola M, Varrati S, Carbone A, Pamio A, Capo A, Tracanna M, Castigliego AP, Tiboni GM, Amerio P. Mole modifications following controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted reproduction technologies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:1913-7. [PMID: 25879151 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of estrogens on moles biology remains undefined although estrogenic receptors have been found on melanocytes. It has been postulated that supraphysiological estrogen levels could promote the progression of moles to melanoma. Women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are exposed to high levels of estrogens, produced by the ovary in response to exogenous gonadotropin administration. The aim of this study is to assess whether COS for ART may have an impact on mole structure and/or characteristics. METHODS Women undergoing to ART for various infertility conditions were included in the study. Personal and clinical data were collected. Dermatoscopic features and scores (total dermoscopy score--TDS) were statistically compared before COS and after a 6-month follow-up period. Statistical correlation was performed between estradiol, FSH blood levels and relative variation in moles dimensions. RESULTS A total of 46 patients were included in the study. One hundred and seventy-five melanocytic lesions from 31 patients were evaluated at both time points. Although statistically significant differences were found in mole dimension and TDS between the two time points, these differences had no relevance in the clinical setting not suggesting the need for mole excision. Moreover, the only statistically significant correlation with estradiol blood concentration on hCG administration day was found with one-axis dimensional variation. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first work to evaluate the effect of COS on moles. The obtained results do not support a causal relation between the supraphysiological hormone levels stimulation and worsening of clinical and dermoscopical features of moles. Further study is needed to clarify whether estrogens plays a role in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Auriemma
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science and Dermatologic Clinic, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Di Nicola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Varrati
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science and Dermatologic Clinic, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Carbone
- L'Immacolata Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Celano (AQ), Italy
| | - A Pamio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Capo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science and Dermatologic Clinic, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Tracanna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science and Dermatologic Clinic, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A P Castigliego
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G M Tiboni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Amerio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science and Dermatologic Clinic, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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61
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Carnesecchi J, Malbouyres M, de Mets R, Balland M, Beauchef G, Vié K, Chamot C, Lionnet C, Ruggiero F, Vanacker JM. Estrogens induce rapid cytoskeleton re-organization in human dermal fibroblasts via the non-classical receptor GPR30. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120672. [PMID: 25781607 PMCID: PMC4363467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-menopausal decrease in estrogen circulating levels results in rapid skin deterioration pointing out to a protective effect exerted by these hormones. The identity of the skin cell type responding to estrogens is unclear as are the cellular and molecular processes they elicit. Here, we reported that lack of estrogens induces rapid re-organization of the human dermal fibroblast cytoskeleton resulting in striking cell shape change. This morphological change was accompanied by a spatial re-organization of focal adhesion and a substantial reduction of their number as evidenced by vinculin and actin co-staining. Cell morphology and cytoskeleton organization was fully restored upon 17β-estradiol (E2) addition. Treatment with specific ER antagonists and cycloheximide respectively showed that the E2 acts independently of the classical Estrogen Receptors and that cell shape change is mediated by non-genomic mechanisms. E2 treatment resulted in a rapid and transient activation of ERK1/2 but not Src or PI3K. We show that human fibroblasts express the non-classical E2 receptor GPR30 and that its agonist G-1 phenocopies the effect of E2. Inhibiting GPR30 through treatment with the G-15 antagonist or specific shRNA impaired E2 effects. Altogether, our data reveal a novel mechanism by which estrogens act on skin fibroblast by regulating cell shape through the non-classical G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 and ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marilyne Malbouyres
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Richard de Mets
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique UMR CNRS 5588, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique UMR CNRS 5588, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Florence Ruggiero
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Utian WH, Jones M, Setchell KDR. S-equol: a potential nonhormonal agent for menopause-related symptom relief. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24:200-8. [PMID: 25692726 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many women suffering from vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are now seeking nonpharmaceutical treatments for symptom relief. Recently, S-equol, an intestinal bacterial metabolite of the soybean isoflavone daidzein has received attention for its ability to alleviate VMS and provide other important health benefits to menopausal women. S-equol is found in very few foods and only in traces. About 50% of Asians and 25% of non-Asians host the intestinal bacteria that convert daidzein into S-equol. Clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of an S-equol-containing product found that VMS were alleviated but these trials were limited in scope and primarily involved Japanese women for whom hot flashes are a minor complaint. The only trial in the United States evaluating hot flashes found symptoms were significantly reduced by S-equol, but the study lacked a placebo group, although it did include a positive control. The daily dose of S-equol used in most trials was 10 mg, and because the half-life of S-equol is 7-10 hours, to maximize efficacy, it was taken twice daily. Subanalysis of epidemiologic studies suggests that equol producers are more likely to benefit from soyfood consumption than nonproducers with respect to both cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, although the data are inconsistent. The limited safety data for S-equol do not suggest cause for concern, especially with regard to its effects on breast and endometrial tissue. Further studies are needed before definitive conclusions of its effectiveness for VMS can be made, but the preliminary evidence warrants clinicians discussing the potential of S-equol for the alleviation of VMS with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf H Utian
- 1 Scientific Director, Rapid Medical Research , Cleveland, Ohio
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63
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Comhaire FH, Depypere HT. Hormones, herbal preparations and nutriceuticals for a better life after the menopause: part I. Climacteric 2015; 18:358-63. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.985645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pomari E, Valle LD, Pertile P, Colombo L, Thornton MJ. Intracrine sex steroid synthesis and signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. FASEB J 2014; 29:508-24. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pomari
- Centre for Skin SciencesSchool of Life Sciences University of BradfordBradfordUnited Kingdom
- Comparative Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Luisa Dalla Valle
- Comparative Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | | | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Comparative Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - M. Julie Thornton
- Centre for Skin SciencesSchool of Life Sciences University of BradfordBradfordUnited Kingdom
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66
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Thornton MJ. Estrogens and aging skin. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014; 5:264-70. [PMID: 24194966 PMCID: PMC3772914 DOI: 10.4161/derm.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency following menopause results in atrophic skin changes and acceleration of skin aging. Estrogens significantly modulate skin physiology, targeting keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and improve angiogenesis, wound healing and immune responses. Estrogen insufficiency decreases defense against oxidative stress; skin becomes thinner with less collagen, decreased elasticity, increased wrinkling, increased dryness and reduced vascularity. Its protective function becomes compromised and aging is associated with impaired wound healing, hair loss, pigmentary changes and skin cancer.
Skin aging can be significantly delayed by the administration of estrogen. This paper reviews estrogen effects on human skin and the mechanisms by which estrogens can alleviate the changes due to aging. The relevance of estrogen replacement, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and phytoestrogens as therapies for diminishing skin aging is highlighted. Understanding estrogen signaling in skin will provide a basis for interventions in aging pathologies.
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67
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Velarde MC. Mitochondrial and sex steroid hormone crosstalk during aging. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2014; 3:2. [PMID: 24495597 PMCID: PMC3922316 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decline in circulating sex steroid hormones accompanies several age-associated pathologies which may influence human healthspan. Mitochondria play important roles in biosynthesis of sex steroid hormones, and these hormones can also regulate mitochondrial function. Understanding the cross talk between mitochondria and sex steroid hormones may provide insights into the pathologies associated with aging. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between mitochondria and sex steroid hormones during the aging process. The review describes the effect of mitochondria on sex steroid hormone production in the gonads, and then enumerates the contribution of sex steroid hormones on mitochondrial function in hormone responsive cells. Decline in sex steroid hormones and accumulation of mitochondrial damage may create a positive feedback loop that contributes to the progressive degeneration in tissue function during aging. The review further speculates whether regulation between mitochondrial function and sex steroid hormone action can potentially influence healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Velarde
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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68
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Schick B, Dlugaiczyk J, Wendler O. Expression of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas and antiproliferative effects of receptor modulators. Head Neck 2014; 36:1596-603. [PMID: 23996526 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predilection of juvenile angiofibromas in adolescent boys has prompted the hypothesis of hormone-dependent tumor growth. However, knowledge on expression and function of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas is still sparse and inconsistent. METHODS Transcript and protein expression of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas was studied by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistology/fluorescence. A bromodeoxyuridine assay was used to assess the antiproliferative effects of flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) and tamoxifen (estrogen receptor modulator). RESULTS Significantly increased transcript levels were observed for androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and luteinizing hormone receptor in juvenile angiofibromas versus the stroma of nasal mucosa. Estrogen receptor β and progesterone receptor mRNA levels were low and similar for both tissues. Estrogen receptor α protein was detected in juvenile angiofibroma tumors and mesenchymal cell lines. Flutamide and tamoxifen inhibited proliferation of cultured juvenile angiofibroma mesenchymal cells. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the understanding of juvenile angiofibroma pathophysiology and offer novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Sage J, De Quéral D, Leblanc-Noblesse E, Kurfurst R, Schnebert S, Perrier E, Nizard C, Lalmanach G, Lecaille F. Differential expression of cathepsins K, S and V between young and aged Caucasian women skin epidermis. Matrix Biol 2014; 33:41-6. [PMID: 23871919 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous aging translates drastic structural and functional alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Multiple mechanisms are involved, including changes in protease levels. We investigated the age-related protein expression and activity of cysteine cathepsins and the expression of two endogenous protein inhibitors in young and aged Caucasian women skin epidermis. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that the expression of cathepsins K, S and V, as well as cystatins A and M/E within keratinocytes is reduced in photoprotected skin of aged women. Furthermore, the overall endopeptidase activity of cysteine cathepsins in epidermis lysates decreased with age. Albeit dermal elastic fiber and laminin expression is reduced in aged skin, staining of nidogen-1, a key protein in BM assembly that is sensitive to proteolysis by cysteine, metallo- and serine proteases, has a similar pattern in both young and aged skin. Since cathepsins contribute to the hydrolysis and turnover of ECM/basement membrane components, the abnormal protein degradation and deposition during aging process may be related in part to a decline of lysosomal/endosomal cathepsin K, S and V activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Sage
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Pathologies Respiratoires: protéolyse et aérosolthérapie, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France; LVMH-Recherche, BP58, F-45800 Saint Jean de Braye, France
| | | | | | - Robin Kurfurst
- LVMH-Recherche, BP58, F-45800 Saint Jean de Braye, France
| | | | - Eric Perrier
- LVMH-Recherche, BP58, F-45800 Saint Jean de Braye, France
| | - Carine Nizard
- LVMH-Recherche, BP58, F-45800 Saint Jean de Braye, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Pathologies Respiratoires: protéolyse et aérosolthérapie, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Pathologies Respiratoires: protéolyse et aérosolthérapie, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France.
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70
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Skin connective tissue and ageing. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 27:727-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jenkins G, Wainwright LJ, Holland R, Barrett KE, Casey J. Wrinkle reduction in post-menopausal women consuming a novel oral supplement: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 36:22-31. [PMID: 23927381 PMCID: PMC4265247 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The maintenance of youthful skin appearance is strongly desired by a large proportion of the world's population. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effect on skin wrinkling, of a combination of ingredients reported to influence key factors involved in skin ageing, namely inflammation, collagen synthesis and oxidative/UV stress. A supplemented drink was developed containing soy isoflavones, lycopene, vitamin C and vitamin E and given to post-menopausal women with a capsule containing fish oil. Method We have performed a double-blind randomized controlled human clinical study to assess whether this cocktail of dietary ingredients can significantly improve the appearance of facial wrinkles. Results We have shown that this unique combination of micronutrients can significantly reduce the depth of facial wrinkles and that this improvement is associated with increased deposition of new collagen fibres in the dermis. Conclusion This study demonstrates that consumption of a mixture of soy isoflavones, lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin E and fish oil is able to induce a clinically measureable improvement in the depth of facial wrinkles following long-term use. We have also shown, for the first time with an oral product, that the improvement is associated with increased deposition of new collagen fibres in the dermis. Résumé
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jenkins
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - L J Wainwright
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - R Holland
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - K E Barrett
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - J Casey
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K
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de Giorgi V, Gori A, Gandini S, Papi F, Grazzini M, Rossari S, Simoni A, Maio V, Massi D. Oestrogen receptor beta and melanoma: a comparative study. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:513-9. [PMID: 23013061 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncological research has focused on evaluating oestrogen receptors (ERs) in oestrogen-related tumours, and understanding the potential role of ERs in the pathophysiology of cancer. OBJECTIVES To investigate the significance of oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in melanoma. METHODS We prospectively evaluated ERβ expression in malignant melanoma (MM) tissue and adjacent healthy skin by quantitative immunohistochemistry at the Department of Dermatology of the University of Florence, from 1998 to 2010. RESULTS ERβ was detected with varying staining intensity in the 66 malignant melanocytic lesions. After adjusting for age and sex, we found that ERβ expression was significantly lower in melanoma tissue compared with adjacent healthy skin (P < 0·0001). We also found significantly lower ERβ levels in thick melanoma tissue compared with thin melanoma tissue. In addition, there was a positive association between Breslow thickness and the difference of ERβ expression between healthy tissue and melanoma tissue (P = 0·0004). Consistent with sex differences in melanoma survival, men showed significantly lower levels of ERβ than women in both melanoma (P = 0·05) and healthy tissues (P = 0·02). CONCLUSIONS ERβ expression is inversely associated with Breslow thickness and is significantly influenced by sex in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V de Giorgi
- Department of Dermatology Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Division of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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73
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Emmerson E, Rando G, Meda C, Campbell L, Maggi A, Hardman MJ. Estrogen receptor-mediated signalling in female mice is locally activated in response to wounding. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 375:149-56. [PMID: 23727624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deprivation is associated with delayed healing, while Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) accelerates acute wound healing and protects against development of chronic wounds. Estrogen exerts its effects on healing via numerous cell types by signalling through the receptors ERα and ERβ, which bind to the Estrogen Responsive Element (ERE) and initiate gene transcription. The ERE-luciferase transgenic mouse model has been influential in assessing real-time in vivo estrogen receptor activation across a range of tissues and pathologies. Using this model we demonstrate novel temporally regulated peri-wound activation of estrogen signalling in female mice. Using histological methods we reveal that this signal is specifically localised to keratinocytes of the neoepidermis and wound margin dermal cells. Moreover using pharmacological agonists we reveal that ERβ induces ERE-mediated signal in both epidermal and dermal cells while ERα induces ERE-mediated signal in dermal cells alone. Collectively these novel data demonstrate rapid and regional activation of estrogen signalling in wounded skin. A more complete understanding of local hormonal signalling during repair is essential for the focussed development of new therapies for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Emmerson
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Blevins JK, Coxworth JE, Herndon JG, Hawkes K. Brief communication: Adrenal androgens and aging: Female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) compared with women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:643-8. [PMID: 23818143 PMCID: PMC4412270 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cycling continues to similar ages in women and chimpanzees yet our nearest living cousins become decrepit during their fertile years and rarely outlive them. Given the importance of estrogen in maintaining physiological systems aside from fertility, similar ovarian aging in humans and chimpanzees combined with somatic aging differences indicates an important role for nonovarian estrogen. Consistent with this framework, researchers have nominated the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS), which can be peripherally converted to estrogen, as a biomarker of aging in humans and other primates. Faster decline in production of this steroid with age in chimpanzees could help explain somatic aging differences. Here, we report circulating levels of DHEAS in captive female chimpanzees and compare them with published levels in women. Instead of faster, the decline is slower in chimpanzees, but from a much lower peak. Levels reported for other great apes are lower still. These results point away from slowed decline but toward increased DHEAS production as one of the mechanisms underlying the evolution of human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Blevins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Biology, Salt Lake Community College, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - James G. Herndon
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kristen Hawkes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Matamá T, Araújo R, Preto A, Cavaco-Paulo A, Gomes AC. In vitroinduction of melanin synthesis and extrusion by tamoxifen. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:368-74. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Matamá
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - R. Araújo
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - A. Preto
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - A. Cavaco-Paulo
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - A. C. Gomes
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Campus of Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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Brandi ML. Estrogens and melanoma: an important clinical question. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2012; 7:587-588. [PMID: 30754131 DOI: 10.1586/eem.12.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
"Estrogen receptors may be of significance in melanoma development and progression. Estrogen receptors can become important pharmacological targets in melanoma management."
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Brandi
- a Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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77
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Zanna G, Fondevila D, Ferrer L, Espada Y. Evaluation of ultrasonography for measurement of skin thickness in Shar-Peis. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:220-6. [PMID: 22280381 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether high-frequency diagnostic ultrasonography is useful for assessment of skin thickness in Shar-Peis. ANIMALS 10 healthy Shar-Peis and 10 healthy Beagles used as controls. PROCEDURES Ultrasonographic examination of the skin was performed on 4 cutaneous sites by use of a 13-MHz linear-array transducer, and the mean of 3 measurements was calculated. Ultrasonography results were compared with histologic findings of skin specimens stained with H&E, Alcian blue at a pH of 2.5, and Masson trichrome stains, with histometric measurements of skin thickness made by use of a microscope, and with measurements of skin thickness made by use of a plicometer. Ultrasonograpy results were also compared via age and sex of selected animals. RESULTS A clear correlation was detected between ultrasonography results and results of histologic and histometric analysis in both groups. In Shar-Peis, no correlation was found between ultrasonography results and age and sex, whereas in Beagles, a weak positive correlation was found only between skin thickness in dorsal cervical and frontal (on the rostral margins of the supraorbital processes) regions and age. A positive overall correlation was found in Shar-Peis between measurements made via ultrasonography and plicometery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ultrasonography was a useful tool to assess skin thickness, and in Shar-Peis, it might be considered a valid alternative to invasive methods such as histologic examination to objectively estimate the severity of hereditary cutaneous hyaluronosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordana Zanna
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Wend K, Wend P, Krum SA. Tissue-Specific Effects of Loss of Estrogen during Menopause and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:19. [PMID: 22654856 PMCID: PMC3356020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of estrogens have been best studied in the breast, breast cancers, and in the female reproductive tract. However, estrogens have important functions in almost every tissue in the body. Recent clinical trials such as the Women's Health Initiative have highlighted both the importance of estrogens and how little we know about the molecular mechanism of estrogens in these other tissues. In this review, we illustrate the diverse functions of estrogens in the bone, adipose tissue, skin, hair, brain, skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system, and how the loss of estrogens during aging affects these tissues. Early transcriptional targets of estrogen are reviewed in each tissue. We also describe the tissue-specific effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) used for the treatment of breast cancers and postmenopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korinna Wend
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Wend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
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Gopaul R, Knaggs HE, Lephart ED. Biochemical investigation and gene analysis of equol: a plant and soy-derived isoflavonoid with antiaging and antioxidant properties with potential human skin applications. Biofactors 2012; 38:44-52. [PMID: 22281808 DOI: 10.1002/biof.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of equol, a plant and intestinal flora derived isoflavonoid molecule on the expression of skin genes and proteins using human dermal models. As equol has been shown to mimic 17β-estradiol and bind specifically to 5α-dihydrotestostone (5α-DHT), these agents were used (in addition to equol) to determine whether equol may play important and beneficial roles in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Equol at 0.3 or 1.2% in qPCR experiments using a human skin barrier model examined ECM gene expression. Equol, 5α-DHT, and 17β-estradiol at 10 nM were studied in human monolayer fibroblasts cultures (hMFC) for ECM protein expression. Human fibroblast three-dimensional organotypic cultures revealed equol's influence (@ 10 nM) on ECM proteins via fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. In qPCR experiments, equol significantly increased collagen, elastin (ELN), and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease and decreased metalloproteinases (MMPs) gene expression and caused significant positive changes in skin antioxidant and antiaging genes. In hMFC, equol significantly increased collagen type I (COL1A1), whereas, 5α-DHT significantly decreased cell viability that was blocked by equol. FACS analysis showed equol and 17β-estradiol significantly stimulated COL1A1, collagen type III (COL3A1), and ELN while MMPs were significantly decreased compared with control values. Finally, tamoxifen blocked the positive influences of equol on ECM proteins via FACS analysis. These findings suggest that equol has the potential to be used topically for the treatment and prevention of skin aging, by enhancing ECM components in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remona Gopaul
- Nu Skin Enterprises, Personal Care Products Division, Provo, Utah 84604, USA.
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80
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Chang ALS, Lingala B, Chang TC, Kern DG, Wood SM, Toyoda H, Knaggs HE. An exploratory study to determine the association between assessed facial skin aging and plasma isoprostane levels in middle-aged Japanese women. Dermatol Surg 2011; 38:462-70. [PMID: 22141590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the central mechanisms of aging is hypothesized to be oxidative stress. Quantification of oxidative stress in human organ systems has been difficult. One of the best methods is using plasma isoprostane levels, which have been shown to reflect oxidative stress in multiple nondermatologic organ systems. OBJECTIVE To determine whether severity of aging of human skin is associated with plasma isoprostane levels, specifically prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and 8-iso-PGF2a while controlling for covariates such as body mass index, ultraviolet light exposure, diet, medication, supplement use, and stress levels. METHODS AND MATERIALS Facial skin aging assessments performed by four blinded dermatologists were correlated with plasma isoprostane levels in 46 healthy, nonsmoking Japanese women aged 45 to 60. RESULTS Individuals whose assessed skin age exceeded chronological age had mean plasma isoprostane levels of PGF2a and 8-iso-PGF2a that were higher than those whose skin age was assessed to be less than chronological age (p = .001 and .001, respectively). These results remained statistically significant when adjusted for confounding variables (8-iso-PGF2a, p = .02; PGF2a, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Plasma isoprostanes as markers of accelerated aging of the skin merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California 94063, USA.
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Tsui KH, Wang PH, Chen CK, Chen YJ, Chiou SH, Sung YJ, Li HY. Non-classical estrogen receptors action on human dermal fibroblasts. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 50:474-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Kurz C, Neuber B, Imhof M. Effect of Red Clover Isoflavones over Skin, Appendages, and Mucosal Status in Postmenopausal Women. Obstet Gynecol Int 2011; 2011:949302. [PMID: 22135679 PMCID: PMC3206499 DOI: 10.1155/2011/949302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Evaluate in postmenopausal women the effect of red clover extract (RCE) isoflavones over subjective status of skin, appendages, and several mucosal sites. Method. Postmenopausal women (n = 109) were randomly assigned to receive either two daily capsules of the active compound (80 mg RCE, Group A) or placebo of equal appearance (Group B) for a 90-day period. After a washout period of 7 days, medication was crossed over and taken for 90 days more. Subjective improvement of skin, appendages, and several mucosal site status was assessed for each studied group at 90 and 187 days using a visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, libido, tiredness, and urinary, sleep, and mood complaints were also evaluated. Results. Women after RCE intervention (both groups) reported better subjective improvement of scalp hair and skin status, libido, mood, sleep, and tiredness. Improvement of urinary complaints, nail, body hair, and mucosa (oral, nasal, and ocular) status did not differ between treatment phases (intra- and intergroup). Overall satisfaction with treatment was reported higher after RCE intervention (both groups) as compared to placebo. Conclusion. RCE supplementation exerted a subject improvement of scalp hair and skin status as well as libido, mood, sleep, and tiredness in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lipovac
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Public Teaching Hospital Korneuburg, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto para la Salud de la Mujer, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago Guayaquil, 196 Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Anca Gocan
- Study Center Med XIX, Grinzingerstr 83, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Kurz
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Neuber
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Public Teaching Hospital Korneuburg, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Imhof
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Public Teaching Hospital Korneuburg, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
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de Giorgi V, Gori A, Grazzini M, Rossari S, Scarfì F, Corciova S, Verdelli A, Lotti T, Massi D. Estrogens, estrogen receptors and melanoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:739-47. [PMID: 21554049 DOI: 10.1586/era.11.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest nonreproductive target tissue on which estrogen plays many beneficial and protective roles. Although neither exogenous hormones nor pregnancy represent significant risk factors for melanoma, epidemiological data suggest a higher survival rate in women with metastatic disease versus men and in premenopausal versus postmenopausal patients. Despite the fact that hyperestrogenic signaling has long been implicated in the initiation and progression of several tumors, the role of estrogens in malignant melanoma is still unclear. The cellular effects of estrogens are mediated by two subtypes of estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogen receptor β (ERβ), the predominant ER in the skin, antagonizes the proliferative action mediated by estrogen receptor α. According to recent immunohistochemical studies, ERβ protein expression decreases progressively with increased Breslow thickness and results in more invasive melanomas; thus, ERβ immunophenotype may distinguish melanomas linked to poor prognosis from those with a favorable course and lead to melanoma unresponsiveness to both estrogen and anti-estrogen treatment. Therefore, if future large-scale immunohistochemical and molecular studies point towards ERβ as an important factor in malignant melanoma progression, they will open up novel and targeted prognostic and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo de Giorgi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Piazza Indipendenza 11, Firenze 50100, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE 20-hydroxyecdysone has numerous favorable effects on a variety of organs, including the skin, where it improves wound healing. It is devoid of estrogenic and androgenic effects. Therefore, application of 20-hydroxyecdysone might be a new approach to improve skin conditions in postmenopausal women, and this was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS After ovariectomy, rats received Ecd (18, 57, or 116 mg/animal/day) or 17β-estradiol (E₂)-3-benzoate (60 μg/kg body weight) in food for 12 weeks, and skin samples were evaluated histologically to quantify two dermal layers, the subcutaneous fat and muscle layers. RESULTS Epidermal thickness was lowest in the OVX animals, slightly higher in the E₂-treated animals, and significantly higher in the Ecd-treated animals. Dermal thickness was lowest in the intact and E₂-treated animals and highest in the Ecd-treated animals. The subcutaneous fat layer was thickest in the OVX animals, thinner in the intact animals, and intermediate in the Ecd-treated animals. The muscle layer was smallest in the OVX and intact animals and significantly larger in the E₂- and Ecd-treated animals. The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody-positive cells was lowest in OVX controls and significantly higher in all other groups. CONCLUSIONS The Ecd-induced increases in epidermal and dermal thickness are suggestive of functional changes of the skin. The decreased amounts of subcutaneous fat in the E₂- and Ecd-treated animals point to either a fat catabolic or an antianabolic effect. The ovariectomy-induced decrease in subcutaneous musculature was prevented by Ecd but not by E₂. The stimulatory effects of Ecd on epidermal and dermal thickness and the muscle-increasing effects in the skin of OVX rats may indicate functional changes of the skin.
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85
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de Giorgi V, Gori A, Alfaioli B, Papi F, Grazzini M, Rossari S, Lotti T, Massi D. Influence of Sex Hormones on Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e94-5; author reply e96. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.33.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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86
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Wollina U, Payne CR. Aging well--the role of minimally invasive aesthetic dermatological procedures in women over 65. J Cosmet Dermatol 2010; 9:50-8. [PMID: 20367673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The western world is getting older. Aging well has become the new target of preventative medicine. Aesthetic dermatology can contribute to this quest. Females over 65 represent an important and growing group of consumers of cosmetic procedures. In this group, there is a paucity of scientific evaluation of aesthetic procedures. OBJECTIVE To review the use of minimally invasive procedures for facial rejuvenation in women over 65. METHODS Drawing from both the literature and personal experience, the opportunities, modifications, and limitations of minimally invasive techniques for facial rejuvenation in older women are considered. RESULTS In this older age group, dermal fillers, chemical and laser peels, and nonablative photorejuvenation remain useful and can each be used as stand-alone treatments. In this age group, botulinum toxin (BTX) injections are more often used in combination with other procedures. CONCLUSIONS With respect to aesthetic procedures, women over 65 are different from younger women. More scientific investigation is necessary to better meet needs of this growing part of the population. Available data suggest that aesthetic dermatology can make a major contribution to the complex matter of aging well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Friedrichstrasse 41, 01067 Dresden, Germany.
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87
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Stevenson S, Sharpe DT, Julie Thornton M. Effects of oestrogen agonists on human dermal fibroblasts in anin vitrowounding assay. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:988-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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88
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Marín YE, Seiberg M, Lin CB. Aldo-keto reductase 1C subfamily genes in skin are UV-inducible: possible role in keratinocytes survival. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:611-8. [PMID: 19320734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Please cite this paper as: Aldo-keto reductase 1C subfamily genes in skin are UV-inducible: possible role in keratinocytes survival. Experimental Dermatology 2009; 18: 611-618.Abstract: Human skin is endowed with the capacity to synthesize and metabolize steroid hormones, a function of importance in skin physiology and pathology. It is the hormone-regulatory enzymes, including the aldo-keto reductase 1C subfamily (AKR1Cs) that are largely responsible for the local levels of active steroid hormones. AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 inactivate progesterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, respectively, whereas AKR1C3 activates oestradiol and testosterone. Here, we show that AKR1C1-3 are expressed in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, with marginal expression in melanocytes. In human primary keratinocytes, AKR1C1 and -2 were UVB-inducible in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. The induction of AKR1C1 by UVB was concomitant with the presence of an apoptotic marker, the cleavage product of poly-ADP ribose polymerase. Similarly, the activation of AKR1C1 and -2 upon UVB exposure was demonstrated in swine skin in vivo and in human skin explants. As expected, hydrogen peroxide-derived reactive oxygen species also induced AKR1C1 and -2 mRNA and protein levels in keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, down-regulation of AKR1Cs by small interfering ribonucleic acid led to significantly reduced cell viability. Based on the combined evidence of the presence of an apoptotic marker in the UVB-exposed keratinocytes with increased AKR1Cs expression and reduced cell viability in down-regulated AKR1Cs, we suggest that AKR1C subfamily genes are stress-inducible and might function as survival factors in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarí E Marín
- The Johnson & Johnson Skin Research Center, CPPW, a unit of Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies Inc, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA
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Stevenson S, Nelson LD, Sharpe DT, Thornton MJ. 17beta-estradiol regulates the secretion of TGF-beta by cultured human dermal fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2008; 19:1097-109. [PMID: 18644234 DOI: 10.1163/156856208784909354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen plays an important role in skin homeostasis, as demonstrated by the changes seen in the skin of post-menopausal women, changes reversed by HRT. Estrogen also has a role in wound healing, since estrogen deficiency as occurs post-menopausally and in ovariectomised animals, is associated with a reduced rate of wound healing. Estrogen appears to modulate all phases of wound healing with effects on inflammatory cells, epithelialization, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodelling. This study was designed to investigate the effects of 17beta-estradiol on cultured human dermal fibroblasts using an in vitro wound-healing assay. The end points investigated were cell migration, proliferation, total collagen secretion and active TGF-beta1 secretion. 17beta-estradiol significantly increased the migration and proliferation of cultured dermal fibroblasts following mechanical wounding, although the secretion of total soluble collagen was not altered. An increase in TGF-beta1 was demonstrated by unwounded confluent dermal fibroblast monolayers in response to 17beta-estradiol, but paradoxically, a decrease in the secretion of TGF-beta1 was demonstrated in the mechanically wounded dermal fibroblasts. These results identify human dermal fibroblasts as estrogen target cells and provide further evidence for a role by which estrogen regulates this particular cell type as part of the wound-healing process. However, the paradoxical nature of the effect of estrogen on TGF-beta1 secretion following mechanical wounding suggests that the cellular mechanism of action is complex. A greater understanding of the cell-specific action of estrogen may help to develop therapies that will improve cutaneous wound healing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stevenson
- Burns & Plastic Surgery Research Unit, Medical Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
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