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Nikapitiya C, Dananjaya S, Chandrarathna H, De Zoysa M, Whang I. Octominin: A Novel Synthetic Anticandidal Peptide Derived from Defense Protein of Octopus minor. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010056. [PMID: 31952292 PMCID: PMC7024321 DOI: 10.3390/md18010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens makes an urgent need for discovering novel antimicrobial agents as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Towards this end, we designed and synthesized a synthetic peptide of 23 amino acids (AAs) (1GWLIRGAIHAGKAIHGLIHRRRH23) from a defense protein 3 cDNA sequence of Octopus minor. The sequence of the peptide, which was named Octominin, had characteristic features of known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as a positive charge (+5), high hydrophobic residue ratio (43%), and 1.86 kcal/mol of Boman index. Octominin was predicted to have an alpha-helix secondary structure. The synthesized Octominin was 2625.2 Da with 92.5% purity. The peptide showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50 and 200 μg/mL, respectively, against Candida albicans. Field emission scanning electron microscopy observation confirmed that Octominin caused ultrastructural cell wall deformities in C. albicans. In addition, propidium iodide penetrated the Octominin-treated C. albicans cells, further demonstrating loss of cell membrane integrity that caused cell death at both MIC and MFC. Octominin treatment increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. Cytotoxicity assays revealed no significant influence of Octominin on the viability of human embryonic kidney 293T cell line, with over 95% live cells in the Octominin-treated group observed up to 100 µg/mL. Moreover, we confirmed the antifungal action of Octominin in vivo using a zebrafish experimental infection model. Overall, our results demonstrate the Octominin is a lead compound for further studies, which exerts its effects by inducing cell wall damage, causing loss of cell membrane integrity, and elevating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
| | - S.H.S. Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
| | - H.P.S.U. Chandrarathna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.Z.); (I.W.)
| | - Ilson Whang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), 75, Jangsan-ro 101beon-gil, Janghang-eup, Seochun-gun, Chungchungnam-do 33662, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.D.Z.); (I.W.)
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52
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Interplay between amphiphilic peptides and nanoparticles for selective membrane destabilization and antimicrobial effects. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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53
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Al Aboody MS. Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) nanoparticles synthesized from Azadirachta indica lalex and its antibiofilm activity against fluconazole resistant Candida tropicalis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2107-2113. [PMID: 31137983 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1620257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, latex of Azadirachta indica was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). UV-visible spectroscopy revealed the formation of AgNPs and the absorption band optimized at 442 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows different functional groups (carboxyl, amine and hydroxyl) of biomolecule which are responsible for reduction and capping process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the nanoparticles are crystalline silver and cubic (AgCl) with face-centered cubic (Ag) types. Electron microscopics (SEM and TEM) were used to characterize the shape and size of the nanoparticles. The anticandidal and antibiofilm activity of AgNPs was using Fluconazole resistant clinical isolate of Candida tropicalis. The new approach of plant-mediated AgNPs synthesis appears to be cost-effective, eco-friendly and easy methods. The synthesized AgNPs considered as a novel and alternative agent to prevent C. tropicalis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saleh Al Aboody
- a Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University , Majmaah , Riyadh Region , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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54
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Makowski M, Silva ÍC, Pais do Amaral C, Gonçalves S, Santos NC. Advances in Lipid and Metal Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Peptide Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E588. [PMID: 31717337 PMCID: PMC6920925 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been described as excellent candidates to overcome antibiotic resistance. Frequently, AMPs exhibit a wide therapeutic window, with low cytotoxicity and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens. In addition, some AMPs are also able to modulate the immune response, decreasing potential harmful effects such as sepsis. Despite these benefits, only a few formulations have successfully reached clinics. A common flaw in the druggability of AMPs is their poor pharmacokinetics, common to several peptide drugs, as they may be degraded by a myriad of proteases inside the organism. The combination of AMPs with carrier nanoparticles to improve delivery may enhance their half-life, decreasing the dosage and thus, reducing production costs and eventual toxicity. Here, we present the most recent advances in lipid and metal nanodevices for AMP delivery, with a special focus on metal nanoparticles and liposome formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.M.); (Í.C.S.); (C.P.d.A.)
| | - Nuno C. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.M.); (Í.C.S.); (C.P.d.A.)
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55
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Martin-Serrano Á, Gómez R, Ortega P, de la Mata FJ. Nanosystems as Vehicles for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E448. [PMID: 31480680 PMCID: PMC6781550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs), are attracting great interest, as they are a highly viable alternative in the search of new approaches to the resistance presented by bacteria against antibiotics in infectious diseases. However, due to their nature, they present a series of disadvantages such as low bioavailability, easy degradability by proteases, or low solubility, among others, which limits their use as antimicrobial agents. For all these reasons, the use of vehicles for the delivery of AMPs, such as polymers, nanoparticles, micelles, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, and other types of systems, allows the use of AMPs as a real alternative to treatment with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martin-Serrano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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56
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Rahimi H, Roudbarmohammadi S, Delavari H H, Roudbary M. Antifungal effects of indolicidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles against fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida albicans isolated from patients with burn infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5323-5338. [PMID: 31409990 PMCID: PMC6646856 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s207527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Candida albicans as an opportunistic fungus is one of the most important causes of late-onset morbidity and mortality in patients with major burns and severely impaired immune system. In recent years, the emergence of resistance to opportunistic fungi and toxicity of antimicrobial drugs make it necessary to develop new drugs. Methods: In the present study, we investigated anticandidal effects of indolicidin, as a representative of host defense peptide, conjugated with gold nanoparticles in fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans. After characterizing the conjugation of indolicidin using biophysical methodologies, the cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of the nanocomplex were examined. In addition, the expression level of ERG11, responsible for antifungal resistance, and the immunomodulatory effect of peptide-nanomaterial conjugates were assessed. Results: Our data indicated that the nanocomplex was nontoxic for the fibroblast cells and erythrocytes. Treatment with the nanocomplex significantly reduced the expression levels of the ERG11 gene in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates and the iNOS gene in macrophages. Conclusion: The study data provides a chance to develop innovative therapies for the treatment of C. albicans burn infections. However, further investigation is required to examine the efficiency of the nanocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rahimi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Roudbarmohammadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Delavari H
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Biofilms: Novel Strategies Based on Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070322. [PMID: 31295834 PMCID: PMC6680976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of drug resistance is very worrying and ever increasing. Resistance is due not only to the reckless use of antibiotics but also to the fact that pathogens are able to adapt to different conditions and develop self-defense mechanisms such as living in biofilms; altogether these issues make the search for alternative drugs a real challenge. Antimicrobial peptides appear as promising alternatives but they have disadvantages that do not make them easily applicable in the medical field; thus many researches look for solutions to overcome the disadvantages and ensure that the advantages can be exploited. This review describes the biofilm characteristics and identifies the key features that antimicrobial peptides should have. Recalcitrant bacterial infections caused by the most obstinate bacterial species should be treated with a strategy to combine conventional peptides functionalized with nano-tools. This approach could effectively disrupt high density infections caused by biofilms. Moreover, the importance of using in vivo non mammalian models for biofilm studies is described. In particular, here we analyze the use of amphibians as a model to substitute the rodent model.
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58
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Dykman LA, Khlebtsov NG. Gold nanoparticles in chemo-, immuno-, and combined therapy: review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3152-3182. [PMID: 31467774 PMCID: PMC6706047 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with controlled geometrical and optical properties have been the subject of intense research and biomedical applications. This review summarizes recent data and topical problems in nanomedicine that are related to the use of variously sized, shaped, and structured GNPs. We focus on three topical fields in current nanomedicine: (1) use of GNP-based nanoplatforms for the targeted delivery of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs and of genes; (2) GNP-based cancer immunotherapy; and (3) combined chemo-, immuno-, and phototherapy. We present a summary of the available literature data and a short discussion of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - N G Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
- Saratov National Research State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov 410012, Russia
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59
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Lombardi L, Falanga A, Del Genio V, Galdiero S. A New Hope: Self-Assembling Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040166. [PMID: 30987353 PMCID: PMC6523692 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide drugs hold great promise for the treatment of infectious diseases thanks to their novel mechanisms of action, low toxicity, high specificity, and ease of synthesis and modification. Naturally developing self-assembly in nature has inspired remarkable interest in self-assembly of peptides to functional nanomaterials. As a matter of fact, their structural, mechanical, and functional advantages, plus their high bio-compatibility and bio-degradability make them excellent candidates for facilitating biomedical applications. This review focuses on the self-assembly of peptides for the fabrication of antibacterial nanomaterials holding great interest for substituting antibiotics, with emphasis on strategies to achieve nano-architectures of self-assembly. The antibacterial activities achieved by these nanomaterials are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Del Genio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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60
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Lombardi L, Shi Y, Falanga A, Galdiero E, de Alteriis E, Franci G, Chourpa I, Azevedo HS, Galdiero S. Enhancing the Potency of Antimicrobial Peptides through Molecular Engineering and Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1362-1374. [PMID: 30735368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections resulting from bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on medical implants are posing significant challenges in particular with the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Here, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled nanostructures, which integrate on their surface antibacterial peptides. The antibacterial WMR peptide, which is a modification of the native sequence of the myxinidin, a marine peptide isolated from the epidermal mucus of hagfish, was used considering its enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. WMR was linked to a peptide segment of aliphatic residues (AAAAAAA) containing a lipidic tail (C19H38O2) attached to the ε-amino of a terminal lysine to generate a peptide amphiphile (WMR PA). The self-assembly of the WMR PA alone, or combined with coassembling shorter PAs, was studied using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The designed PAs were shown to self-assemble into stable nanofiber structures and these nanoassemblies significantly inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate the already formed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria) and Candida albicans (pathogenic fungus) when compared to the native WMR peptide. Our results provide insights into the design of peptide based supramolecular assemblies with antibacterial activity, and establish an innovative strategy to develop self-assembled antimicrobial materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Yejiao Shi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Annarita Falanga
- CIRPEB, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy.,Department of Agricultural Science , University of Naples Federico II , via Università 100 , 80055 Naples , Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology , University of Naples Federico II , via Cinthia , 80100 Naples , Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Alteriis
- Department of Biology , University of Naples Federico II , via Cinthia , 80100 Naples , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , via Costantinopoli 16 , 80138 Naples , Italy
| | - Igor Chourpa
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours , 31 avenue Monge , 37000 Tours , France
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy.,CIRPEB, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy
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61
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Melittin Inhibition and Eradication Activity for Resistant Polymicrobial Biofilm Isolated from a Dairy Industry after Disinfection. Int J Microbiol 2019; 2019:4012394. [PMID: 30766602 PMCID: PMC6350607 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4012394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging concern about the increase of antibiotic resistance and associated biofilm has encouraged scientists to look for alternative antibiotics such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study evaluated the ability of melittin to act as an antibacterial biofilm inhibitor and biofilm remover considering isolates from dairy industry. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), and biofilm removal activities were studied in polymicrobial biofilms produced from isolates. MIC and MBC were set at 1–3 µg/mL and 25–50 µg/mL for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Results demonstrated a good MBIC reaching 85% inhibition ability and a good activity and better penetration in deeper layers against the mixed preformed biofilm, thereby increasing its activity against all isolates also at the lowest tested concentrations. Melittin showed interesting characteristics suggesting its potential to act as an antimicrobial agent for polymicrobial biofilm from dairy industry even in environmental isolates.
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62
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Banerjee D, Shivapriya PM, Gautam PK, Misra K, Sahoo AK, Samanta SK. A Review on Basic Biology of Bacterial Biofilm Infections and Their Treatments by Nanotechnology-Based Approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-018-01065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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63
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Khare T, Oak U, Shriram V, Verma SK, Kumar V. Biologically synthesized nanomaterials and their antimicrobial potentials. ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS AND PHYTONANOTECHNOLOGY: CHALLENGES FOR PLANT SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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64
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Chong PP, Chin VK, Wong WF, Madhavan P, Yong VC, Looi CY. Transcriptomic and Genomic Approaches for Unravelling Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance-An Update. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110540. [PMID: 30405082 PMCID: PMC6266447 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, which causes a plethora of superficial, as well as invasive, infections in humans. The ability of this fungus in switching from commensalism to active infection is attributed to its many virulence traits. Biofilm formation is a key process, which allows the fungus to adhere to and proliferate on medically implanted devices as well as host tissue and cause serious life-threatening infections. Biofilms are complex communities of filamentous and yeast cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix that confers an enhanced degree of resistance to antifungal drugs. Moreover, the extensive plasticity of the C. albicans genome has given this versatile fungus the added advantage of microevolution and adaptation to thrive within the unique environmental niches within the host. To combat these challenges in dealing with C. albicans infections, it is imperative that we target specifically the molecular pathways involved in biofilm formation as well as drug resistance. With the advent of the -omics era and whole genome sequencing platforms, novel pathways and genes involved in the pathogenesis of the fungus have been unraveled. Researchers have used a myriad of strategies including transcriptome analysis for C. albicans cells grown in different environments, whole genome sequencing of different strains, functional genomics approaches to identify critical regulatory genes, as well as comparative genomics analysis between C. albicans and its closely related, much less virulent relative, C. dubliniensis, in the quest to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the success of C. albicans as a major fungal pathogen. This review attempts to summarize the most recent advancements in the field of biofilm and antifungal resistance research and offers suggestions for future directions in therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Voon Kin Chin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Voon Chen Yong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
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65
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de Alteriis E, Lombardi L, Falanga A, Napolano M, Galdiero S, Siciliano A, Carotenuto R, Guida M, Galdiero E. Polymicrobial antibiofilm activity of the membranotropic peptide gH625 and its analogue. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:189-195. [PMID: 30227230 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work illustrates a new role for the membranotropic peptide gH625 and its derivative gH625-GCGKKK in impairing formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Mixed biofilms composed of Candida and bacterial species cause frequently infections and failure of medical silicone devices and also show a major drug resistance than single-species biofilms. Inhibition and eradication of biofilms were evaluated by complementary methods: XTT-reduction, and crystal violet staining (CV). Our results indicate that gH625-GCGKKKK, better than the native peptide, strongly inhibited formation of mixed biofilms of clinical isolates of C. tropicalis/S. marcescens and C. tropicalis/S. aureus and reduced the biofilm architecture, interfering with cell adhesion and polymeric matrix, as well as eradicated the long-term polymicrobial biofilms on silicone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Alteriis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - A Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - M Napolano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - S Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - A Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - R Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - E Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80100, Naples, Italy.
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