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Liu T, Zhu Y, Zhao R, Wei X, Xin X. Visualization of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 68:75-82. [PMID: 32027941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We develop a method of imaging exosomes in vivo according to the vital role of exosomes in intercellular communication. This study aims to design a new label method that allows the visualization of labeled exosomes with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We designed a fusion protein consisting of two parts, namely, ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and a truncated lactadherin. FTH1 is used as an MRI reporter. Lactadherin is a trans-membrane protein. The lactadherin protein are mostly located on the outer surface of exosomes. We replaced the outer membrane part of lactadherin with FTH1, infected mesenchymal stem cells with lentivirus carrying the fusion protein, and isolated exosomes from the labeled cells by ultracentrifugation. Labeled exosomes were validated by transmission electron microscopy images, Western blot, nanosight particle tracking, and visualized in vitro and in vivo by MRI. RESULTS FTH1 expression would suppress mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, whereas the characterization of labeled exosomes remains comparable with unlabeled exosomes. MR imaging shows that exosomes labeled with FTH1 can be visualized in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION This innovative reporter-imaging approach to track and visualize exosomes with MRI can be utilized as a tool for the study of the role of exosomes under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurong Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiting Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuegang Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Ali AAA, Shahror RA, Chen KY. Efficient Labeling Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells For High Sensitivity Long-Term MRI Monitoring In Live Mice Brains. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:97-114. [PMID: 32021167 PMCID: PMC6955624 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s211205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine field is still lagging due to the lack of adequate knowledge regarding the homing of therapeutic cells towards disease sites, tracking of cells during treatment, and monitoring the biodistribution and fate of cells. Such necessities require labeling of cells with imaging agents that do not alter their biological characteristics, and development of suitable non-invasive imaging modalities. PURPOSE We aimed to develop, characterize, and standardize a facile labeling strategy for engineered mesenchymal stem cells without altering their viability, secretion of FGF21 protein (neuroprotective), and differentiation capabilities for non-invasive longitudinal MRI monitoring in live mice brains with high sensitivity. METHODS We compared the labeling efficiency of different commercial iron oxide nanoparticles towards our stem cells and determined the optimum labeling conditions using prussian blue staining, confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. To investigate any change in biological characteristics of labeled cells, we tested their viability by WST-1 assay, expression of FGF21 by Western blot, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capabilities. MRI contrast-enhancing properties of labeled cells were investigated in vitro using cell-agarose phantoms and in mice brains transplanted with the therapeutic stem cells. RESULTS We determined the nanoparticles that showed best labeling efficiency and least extracellular aggregation. We further optimized their labeling conditions (nanoparticles concentration and media supplementation) to achieve high cellular uptake and minimal extracellular aggregation of nanoparticles. Cell viability, expression of FGF21 protein, and differentiation capabilities were not impeded by nanoparticles labeling. Low number of labeled cells produced strong MRI signal decay in phantoms and in live mice brains which were visible for 4 weeks post transplantation. CONCLUSION We established a standardized magnetic nanoparticle labeling platform for stem cells that were monitored longitudinally with high sensitivity in mice brains using MRI for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Atef Ahmed Ali
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center – NeuroImage, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei110, Taiwan,Correspondence: Ahmed Atef Ahmed Ali Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei110, Taiwan ROCTel +886-2-2736-1661 ext 3215 Email
| | - Rami Ahmad Shahror
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei110, Taiwan,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei110, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei110, Taiwan,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei110, Taiwan
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Panagopoulou MS, Wark AW, Birch DJS, Gregory CD. Phenotypic analysis of extracellular vesicles: a review on the applications of fluorescence. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1710020. [PMID: 32002172 PMCID: PMC6968689 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1710020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have numerous potential applications in the field of healthcare and diagnostics, and research into their biological functions is rapidly increasing. Mainly because of their small size and heterogeneity, there are significant challenges associated with their analysis and despite overt evidence of the potential of EVs in clinical diagnostic practice, guidelines for analytical procedures have not yet been properly established. Here, we present an overview of the main methods for studying the properties of EVs based on the principles of fluorescence. Setting aside the isolation, purification and physicochemical characterization strategies which answer questions about the size, surface charge and stability of EVs (reviewed elsewhere), we focus on available optical tools that enable the direct analysis of phenotype and mechanisms of interaction with tissues. In brief, the topics on which we elaborate range from the most popular approaches such as nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry, to less commonly used techniques such as fluorescence depolarization and microarrays as well as emerging areas such as fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We highlight that understanding the strengths and limitations of each method is essential for choosing the most appropriate combination of analytical tools. Finally, future directions of this rapidly developing area of medical diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Panagopoulou
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair W. Wark
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Technology and Innovation Centre, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David J S Birch
- Photophysics Group, Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher D. Gregory
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Dabrowska S, Andrzejewska A, Strzemecki D, Muraca M, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate neuroinflammation evoked by focal brain injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:216. [PMID: 31722731 PMCID: PMC6852925 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is the major cause of long-term severe disability and death in aged population. Cell death in the infarcted region of the brain induces immune reaction leading to further progression of tissue damage. Immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown in multiple preclinical studies; however, it has not been successfully translated to a routine clinical practice due to logistical, economical, regulatory, and intellectual property obstacles. It has been recently demonstrated that therapeutic effect of intravenously administered MSCs can be recapitulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from them. However, in contrast to MSCs, EVs were not capable to decrease stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate if intra-arterial delivery of MSC-derived EVs will have stronger impact on focal brain injury-induced neuroinflammation, which mimics ischemic stroke, and how it compares to MSCs. Methods The studies were performed in adult male Wistar rats with focal brain injury induced by injection of 1 μl of 50 nmol ouabain into the right hemisphere. Two days after brain insult, 5 × 105 human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) labeled with Molday ION or 1.3 × 109 EVs stained with PKH26 were intra-arterially injected into the right hemisphere under real-time MRI guidance. At days 1, 3, and 7 post-transplantation, the rats were decapitated, the brains were removed, and the presence of donor cells or EVs was analyzed. The cellular immune response in host brain was evaluated immunohistochemically, and humoral factors were measured by multiplex immunoassay. Results hBM-MSCs and EVs transplanted intra-arterially were observed in the rat ipsilateral hemisphere, near the ischemic region. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue showed that injection of hBM-MSCs or EVs leads to the decrease of cell activation by ischemic injury, i.e., astrocytes, microglia, and infiltrating leucocytes, including T cytotoxic cells. Furthermore, we observed significant decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after hBM-MSC or EV infusion comparing with non-treated rats with focal brain injury. Conclusions Intra-arterially injected EVs attenuated neuroinflammation evoked by focal brain injury, which mimics ischemic stroke, and this effect was comparable to intra-arterial hBM-MSC transplantation. Thus, intra-arterial injection of EVs might be an attractive therapeutic approach, which obviates MSC-related obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Strzemecki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential tools for conveying biological information and modulating functions of recipient cells. Implantation of isolated or modulated EVs can be innovative therapeutics for various diseases. Furthermore, EVs could be a biocompatible drug delivery vehicle to carry both endogenous and exogenous biologics. Tracking EVs should play essential roles in understanding the functions of EVs and advancing EV therapeutics. EVs have the characteristic structures consisting of the lipid bilayer and specific membrane proteins, through which they can be labeled efficiently. EVs can be labeled either directly using probes or indirectly by transfection of reporter genes. Optical imaging (fluorescent imaging and bioluminescent imaging), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are currently used for imaging EVs. Labeling EVs with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles for MRI tracking is a promising method that can be translated into clinic. SPIO can be internalized by most of the cell types and then released as SPIO containing EVs, which can be visualized on T2*-weighted imaging. However, this method has limitations in real-time imaging because of the life cycle of SPIO after EV degradation. Further studies will be needed to validate SPIO labeling by other imaging modalities in preclinical studies. The emerging technologies of labeling and imaging EVs with SPIO in comparison with other imaging modalities are reviewed in this paper.
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Dabrowska S, Andrzejewska A, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Neuroinflammation as a target for treatment of stroke using mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:178. [PMID: 31514749 PMCID: PMC6743114 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the third cause of death in the developed countries and the main reason of severe disability. Brain ischemia leads to the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by neurons and glial cells which results in astrocyte and microglia activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, infiltration of leukocytes from the peripheral blood into the infarcted area, and further exacerbation of tissue damage. However, some immune cells such as microglia or monocytes are capable to change their phenotype to anti-inflammatory, produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, and protect injured nervous tissue. In this situation, therapies, which will modulate the immune response after brain ischemia, such as transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are catching interest. Many experimental studies of ischemic stroke revealed that MSCs are able to modulate immune response and act neuroprotective, through stimulation of neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, astrogenesis, and angiogenesis. MSCs may also have an ability to replace injured cells, but the release of paracrine factors directly into the environment or via extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to play the most pronounced role. EVs are membrane structures containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and they express similar properties as the cells from which they are derived. However, EVs have lower immunogenicity, do not express the risk of vessel blockage, and have the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier. Experimental studies of ischemic stroke showed that EVs have immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties; therefore, they can stimulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Up to now, 20 clinical trials with MSC transplantation into patients after stroke were performed, from which two concerned on only hemorrhagic stroke and 13 studied only on ischemic stroke. There is no clinical trial with EV injection into patients after brain ischemia so far, but the case with miR-124-enriched EVs administration is planned and probably there will be more clinical studies with EV transplantation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, HSF III, 620 W. Baltimore street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Coccini T, De Simone U, Roccio M, Croce S, Lenta E, Zecca M, Spinillo A, Avanzini MA. In vitro toxicity screening of magnetite nanoparticles by applying mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord lining. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1320-1336. [PMID: 31211441 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in nanoparticles (NPs), their toxicity has not yet been defined and the development of new strategies and predictive models are required. Human stem cells (SCs) offer a promising and innovative cell-based model. Among SCs, mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) derived from cord lining membrane (CL) may represent a new species-specific tool for establishing efficient platforms for primary screening and toxicity/safety testing of NPs. Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs, including magnetite (Fe3 O4 NPs), have aroused great public health and scientific concerns despite their extensive uses. In this study, CL-MSCs were characterized and applied for in vitro toxicity screening of Fe3 O4 NPs. Cytotoxicity, internalization/uptake, differentiation and proliferative capacity were evaluated after exposure to different Fe3 O4 NP concentrations. Data were compared with those obtained from bone marrow (BM)-MSCs. We observed, at early passages (P3), that: (1) cytotoxicity occurred at 10 μg/mL in CL-MSCs and 100 μg/mL in BM-MSCs (no differences in toxicity, between CL- and BM-MSCs, were observed at higher dosage, 100-300 μg/mL); (2) cell density decrease and monolayer features loss were affected at ≥50 μg/mL in CL-MSCs only; and (3) NP uptake was concentration-dependent in both MSCs. After 100 μg/mL Fe3 O4 NP exposures, the capacity of proliferation was decreased (P5-P9) in CL-MSCs without morphology alteration. Moreover, a progressive decrease of intracellular Fe3 O4 NPs was observed over culture time. Antigen surface expression and multilineage differentiation were not influenced. These findings suggest that CL-MSCs could be used as a reliable cell-based model for Fe3 O4 NP toxicity screening evaluation and support the use of this approach for improving the confidence degree on the safety of NPs to predict health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-SB, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-SB, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marianna Roccio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Croce
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Lenta
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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da Silva HR, Mamani JB, Nucci MP, Nucci LP, Kondo AT, Fantacini DMC, de Souza LEB, Picanço-Castro V, Covas DT, Kutner JM, de Oliveira FA, Hamerschlak N, Gamarra LF. Triple-modal imaging of stem-cells labeled with multimodal nanoparticles, applied in a stroke model. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:100-123. [PMID: 30842808 PMCID: PMC6397806 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely tested for their therapeutic efficacy in the ischemic brain and have been shown to provide several benefits. A major obstacle to the clinical translation of these therapies has been the inability to noninvasively monitor the best route, cell doses, and collateral effects while ensuring the survival and effective biological functioning of the transplanted stem cells. Technological advances in multimodal imaging have allowed in vivo monitoring of the biodistribution and viability of transplanted stem cells due to a combination of imaging technologies associated with multimodal nanoparticles (MNPs) using new labels and covers to achieve low toxicity and longtime residence in cells.
AIM To evaluate the sensitivity of triple-modal imaging of stem cells labeled with MNPs and applied in a stroke model.
METHODS After the isolation and immunophenotypic characterization of human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs), our team carried out lentiviral transduction of these cells for the evaluation of bioluminescent images (BLIs) in vitro and in vivo. In addition, MNPs that were previously characterized (regarding hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and optical properties), and were used to label these cells, analyze cell viability via the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and BLI analysis, and quantify the internalization process and iron load in different concentrations of MNPs via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In in vivo analyses, the same labeled cells were implanted in a sham group and a stroke group at different times and under different MNP concentrations (after 4 h or 6 d of cell implantation) to evaluate the sensitivity of triple-modal images.
RESULTS hBM-MSC collection and isolation after immunophenotypic characterization were demonstrated to be adequate in hBM samples. After transduction of these cells with luciferase (hBM-MSCLuc), we detected a maximum BLI intensity of 2.0 x 108 photons/s in samples of 106 hBM-MSCs. Analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of the MNPs showed an average hydrodynamic diameter of 38.2 ± 0.5 nm, zeta potential of 29.2 ± 1.9 mV and adequate colloidal stability without agglomeration over 18 h. The signal of iron load internalization in hBM-MSCLuc showed a close relationship with the corresponding MNP-labeling concentrations based on MRI, ICP-MS and NIRF. Under the highest MNP concentration, cellular viability showed a reduction of less than 10% compared to the control. Correlation analysis of the MNP load internalized into hBM-MSCLuc determined via the MRI, ICP-MS and NIRF techniques showed the same correlation coefficient of 0.99. Evaluation of the BLI, NIRF, and MRI signals in vivo and ex vivo after labeled hBM-MSCLuc were implanted into animals showed differences between different MNP concentrations and signals associated with different techniques (MRI and NIRF; 5 and 20 µg Fe/mL; P < 0.05) in the sham groups at 4 h as well as a time effect (4 h and 6 d; P < 0.001) and differences between the sham and stroke groups in all images signals (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION This study highlighted the importance of quantifying MNPs internalized into cells and the efficacy of signal detection under the triple-image modality in a stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Penteado Nucci
- LIM44, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Virginia Picanço-Castro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Zhang F, Liu Z, Sun X, Ruan M, Liu M, Jin S. Therapeutic effect of dental pulp stem cell transplantation on a rat model of radioactivity-induced esophageal injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:738. [PMID: 29970894 PMCID: PMC6030227 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been demonstrated to promote the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs and is a potentially effective treatment for radioactive esophageal injury. In this study, to explore the therapeutic effects of DPSCs on acute radiation-induced esophageal injury, DPSCs were cultured and transplanted into rats with acute radioactive esophageal injuries induced by radioactive 125I seeds in vivo. In the injured esophagus, PKH26-labeled DPSCs co-localized with PCNA, CK14, CD71, and integrin α6, and the expression levels of these four makers of esophageal stem cells were significantly increased. After DPSC transplantation, the injured esophagus exhibited a greater thickness. In addition, the esophageal function and inflammation recovered faster. The results demonstrated that transplanted DPSCs, which trans-differentiated into esophageal stem cells in vivo, could repair the damaged esophageal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenning Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zishuai Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Mengting Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Mingna Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
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Gao W, Li F, Liu L, Xu X, Zhang B, Wu Y, Yin D, Zhou S, Sun D, Huang Y, Zhang J. Endothelial colony-forming cell-derived exosomes restore blood-brain barrier continuity in mice subjected to traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2018; 307:99-108. [PMID: 29883579 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) tends to cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previous studies have shown that intravenously or intracerebroventricularly infused human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) can home to injury sites and improve outcomes in mice subjected to experimental TBI. Several reports have demonstrated that these cells did not incorporate directly into newly formed vasculature but instead stimulated the proliferation and migration of tissue-resident endothelial cells (ECs) via paracrine mechanisms. In the present study, exosomes, which range from 30 to 150 nm in diameter, were isolated from ECFC-conditioned medium. The exosomes were labeled with PKH67 ex vivo, and we observed that they were taken up by ECs with high efficiency after 12 h of incubation. Pretreatment with ECFC-derived exosomes promoted the migration of ECs subjected to scratch injury, and incubating ECs exposed to hypoxia with ECFC-derived exosomes decreased PTEN expression, stimulated AKT phosphorylation and increased tight junction (TJ) protein expression in the cells. Furthermore, in vivo delivery of ECFC-derived exosomes into TBI mice also inhibited PTEN expression and increased AKT expression, changes accompanied by reductions in Evans blue (EB) dye extravasation, brain edema and TJ degradation. These data demonstrated that ECFC-derived exosomes have beneficial effects on BBB integrity in mice with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Baoliang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Yingang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Dongpei Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Key Laboratory of Post-neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in the Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin City 300052, PR China.
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