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Marken JP, Halleran AD, Rahman A, Odorizzi L, LeFew MC, Golino CA, Kemper P, Saha MS. A Markovian Entropy Measure for the Analysis of Calcium Activity Time Series. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168342. [PMID: 27977764 PMCID: PMC5158058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to analyze the dynamics of calcium activity often rely on visually distinguishable features in time series data such as spikes, waves, or oscillations. However, systems such as the developing nervous system display a complex, irregular type of calcium activity which makes the use of such methods less appropriate. Instead, for such systems there exists a class of methods (including information theoretic, power spectral, and fractal analysis approaches) which use more fundamental properties of the time series to analyze the observed calcium dynamics. We present a new analysis method in this class, the Markovian Entropy measure, which is an easily implementable calcium time series analysis method which represents the observed calcium activity as a realization of a Markov Process and describes its dynamics in terms of the level of predictability underlying the transitions between the states of the process. We applied our and other commonly used calcium analysis methods on a dataset from Xenopus laevis neural progenitors which displays irregular calcium activity and a dataset from murine synaptic neurons which displays activity time series that are well-described by visually-distinguishable features. We find that the Markovian Entropy measure is able to distinguish between biologically distinct populations in both datasets, and that it can separate biologically distinct populations to a greater extent than other methods in the dataset exhibiting irregular calcium activity. These results support the benefit of using the Markovian Entropy measure to analyze calcium dynamics, particularly for studies using time series data which do not exhibit easily distinguishable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Marken
- Department of Mathematics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Halleran
- Department of Mathematics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laura Odorizzi
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael C. LeFew
- Department of Mathematics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Caroline A. Golino
- Department of Mathematics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Peter Kemper
- Department of Computer Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Margaret S. Saha
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Carmona-Gutierrez D, Hughes AL, Madeo F, Ruckenstuhl C. The crucial impact of lysosomes in aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:2-12. [PMID: 27125853 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are the main catabolic organelles of a cell and play a pivotal role in a plethora of cellular processes, including responses to nutrient availability and composition, stress resistance, programmed cell death, plasma membrane repair, development, and cell differentiation. In line with this pleiotropic importance for cellular and organismal life and death, lysosomal dysfunction is associated with many age-related pathologies like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, as well as with a decline in lifespan. Conversely, targeting lysosomal functional capacity is emerging as a means to promote longevity. Here, we analyze the current knowledge on the prominent influence of lysosomes on aging-related processes, such as their executory and regulatory roles during general and selective macroautophagy, or their storage capacity for amino acids and ions. In addition, we review and discuss the roles of lysosomes as active players in the mechanisms underlying known lifespan-extending interventions like, for example, spermidine or rapamycin administration. In conclusion, this review aims at critically examining the nature and pliability of the different layers, in which lysosomes are involved as a control hub for aging and longevity.
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Liu F, Li ZF, Wang ZY, Wang L. Role of subcellular calcium redistribution in regulating apoptosis and autophagy in cadmium-exposed primary rat proximal tubular cells. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 164:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bahrami S, Khademvatan S, Razi Jalali MH, Pourbaram S. Amiodarone triggers induction of apoptosis in cutaneous leishmaniasis agents. Pathog Glob Health 2016; 110:200-4. [PMID: 27553974 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1220732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is an important problem of public health worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effects of amiodarone (AMD) on Leishmania tropica (MHOM/AF/88/KK27) and L. major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) promastigotes and to observe the programmed cell death features. The colorimetric MTT assay was used to find L. tropica and L. major viability and the obtained results were expressed as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Annexin-V FLUOS staining was performed to study the cell death properties of AMD using fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis. Qualitative analysis of the total genomic DNA fragmentation was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, to observe changes in cell morphology, promastigotes were examined using light microscopy. The IC50 was achieved at 55 and 81 μM for L. tropica and L. major after 48 h of incubation, respectively. In both strains, AMD induced death with features of apoptosis, including externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA laddering, and cell shrinkage. Our findings indicate that AMD may induce apoptosis on the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Bahrami
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Shahram Khademvatan
- b Department of Parasitology , Urmia University of Medical Science , Urmia , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Razi Jalali
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Sepide Pourbaram
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
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Long-term dantrolene treatment reduced intraneuronal amyloid in aged Alzheimer triple transgenic mice. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2016; 29:184-191. [PMID: 25650693 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the long-term treatment of dantrolene on amyloid and tau neuropathology, brain volume, and cognitive function in aged triple transgenic Alzheimer (3xTg-AD) mice. Fifteen-month old 3xTg-AD mice and wild-type controls were treated with oral dantrolene (5 mg/kg) or vehicle control twice a week for 6 months. Learning and memory were examined using the Morris Water Maze at 21 and 22 months of age. After the behavioral testing, hippocampal and cortical brain volumes were calculated with magnetic resonance imaging and motor function was evaluated using the rotorod. The amyloid burden and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus were determined using immunohistochemistry. We found that dantrolene significantly decreased the intraneuronal amyloid accumulation by as much as 76% compared with its corresponding vehicle control, together with a trend to reduce phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus. No significant differences could be detected in hippocampal or cortical brain volume, motor function or cognition among all experimental groups, indicating that the mice were still presymptomatic for Alzheimer disease. Thus, presymptomatic and long-term dantrolene treatment significantly decreased the intraneuronal amyloid burden in aged 3xTg-AD mice before significant changes in brain volume, or cognition.
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Wang Y, Kuramitsu Y, Baron B, Kitagawa T, Akada J, Tokuda K, Cui D, Nakamura K. PERK/CHOP contributes to the CGK733-induced vesicular calcium sequestration which is accompanied by non-apoptotic cell death. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25252-65. [PMID: 26259235 PMCID: PMC4694829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are indispensable for the physiology of organisms and the molecular regulation of cells. We observed that CGK733, a synthetic chemical substance, induced non-apoptotic cell death and stimulated reversible calcium sequestration by vesicles in pancreatic cancer cells. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3/C/EBP homologous protein (PERK/CHOP) signaling pathway was shown to be activated by treatment with CGK733. Ionomycin, an ER stress drug and calcium ionophore, can activate PERK/CHOP signaling and accelerate CGK733-induced calcium sequestration. Knockdown of CHOP diminished CGK733-induced vesicular calcium sequestration, but had no effects on the cell death. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the ER-located calcium-binding proteins, calumenin and protein S100-A11, were altered in CGK733-treated cells compared to non-treated controls. Our study reveals that CGK733-induced intracellular calcium sequestration is correlated with the PERK/CHOP signaling pathway and may also be involved in the dysregulations of calcium-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Centre of Clinical Laboratories in Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Japan
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Wang L, Hu T, Shen J, Zhang L, Li LF, Chan RLY, Li MX, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Miltirone induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sukumaran P, Schaar A, Sun Y, Singh BB. Functional role of TRP channels in modulating ER stress and Autophagy. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:123-32. [PMID: 26995055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) levels play a vital role in regulating cellular fate. The coordination and interrelation among the cellular organelles, mainly the intracellular Ca(2+) stores in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are crucial in maintaining cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and in general cellular homeostasis. Moreover, maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis is essential for regulating diverse and sometimes opposing processes such as cell survival and cell death in disease conditions such as, neurodegeneration, cancer and aging. Ca(2+) is able to regulate opposing functions by either regulating the cellular "self-eating" phenomenon of autophagy to promote cell survival or by regulating the programmed cell death process of apoptosis. Autophagy is also important for cell survival especially after induction of ER stress and association between ER stress and autophagy may have relevance to numerous diseases. Moreover, a multitude of evidence is emerging that the functional regulation of TRP channels, their unique localization, and their interaction with other Ca(2+)-sensing elements define these diverse regulatory pathways. It is this unique function which allows individual TRP channels to contribute differently in the regulation of cell fate and, in turn, determines the precise effect of modulating Ca(2+) signaling via the particular channel. Thus, in this review we have focused on the aspects of TRP channel localization and function (Ca(2+) signaling) that affects the ER stress and autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States
| | - Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States.
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60
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Yalçintepe L, Halis E, Ulku S. Effect of CD38 on the multidrug resistance of human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells to doxorubicin. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2290-2296. [PMID: 26998164 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a serious challenge in cancer chemotherapy. Alterations in the intracellular concentration and homeostasis of calcium (Ca2+) may contribute to the development of drug resistance. To investigate the mechanism of drug resistance in leukemia, the present study rendered human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells resistant to the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin by progressively adapting the sensitive parental K562 cells to doxorubicin. The resulting cells were termed K562/DOX. Subsequently, the expression of two multidrug resistance proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), was analyzed in K562/DOX cells. In addition to P-gp and MRP1, these cells also expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)38 and its active enzyme adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyl cyclase. The present study also demonstrated that K562/DOX cells responded to cyclic ADP-ribose-mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+. These data indicate that CD38 may participate in the development of drug resistance to doxorubicin in K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leman Yalçintepe
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Çapa-Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Emre Halis
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Çapa-Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ulku
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Çapa-Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
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61
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Yun WJ, Kim EY, Park JE, Jo SY, Bang SH, Chang EJ, Chang SE. Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 is involved in melanogenesis via regulation of MITF expression in melanocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19914. [PMID: 26814135 PMCID: PMC4728609 DOI: 10.1038/srep19914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autophagy plays a role in melanogenesis by regulating melanosome degradation and biogenesis in melanocytes, a detailed understanding of the regulatory functions of autophagy factors is lacking. Here, we report a mechanistic link between microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) activation and melanogenesis. We observed high expression of LC3 in melanosome-associated pigment-rich melanocytic nevi of sun-exposed skin, as indicated by patterns of melanosomal protein MART1 expression. Rapamycin-induced autophagy significantly increased the melanin index, tyrosinase activity and expression of several proteins linked to melanosome biogenesis, including microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF), pre-melanosome protein and tyrosinase, in Melan-a melanocytes. siRNA-mediated knockdown of LC3, but not beclin-1 or ATG5, decreased melanin content and tyrosinase activity. LC3 knockdown also markedly inhibited MITF expression and subsequent rapamycin-induced melanosome formation. More importantly, LC3 knockdown suppressed α-MSH-mediated melanogenesis by attenuating cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and MITF expression in Melan-a cells via decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Overexpression of constitutively active ERK reversed the effect of LC3 knockdown on CREB phosphorylation and MITF expression. These findings demonstrate that LC3 contributes to melanogenesis by increasing ERK-dependent MITF expression, thereby providing a mechanistic insight into the signaling network that links autophagy to melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Yun
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Jo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Bang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Cho GW, Altamirano F, Hill JA. Chronic heart failure: Ca(2+), catabolism, and catastrophic cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:763-777. [PMID: 26775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robust successes have been achieved in recent years in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Many patients who previously would have died now survive to enjoy happy and productive lives. Nevertheless, the devastating impact of heart disease continues unabated, as the spectrum of disease has evolved with new manifestations. In light of this ever-evolving challenge, insights that culminate in novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Here, we review fundamental mechanisms of heart failure, both with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. We discuss pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte remodeling and turnover, focusing on Ca(2+) signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis. In particular, we highlight recent insights pointing to novel connections among these events. We also explore mechanisms whereby potential therapeutic approaches targeting these processes may improve morbidity and mortality in the devastating syndrome of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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63
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García-Posadas L, Hodges RR, Li D, Shatos MA, Storr-Paulsen T, Diebold Y, Dartt DA. Interaction of IFN-γ with cholinergic agonists to modulate rat and human goblet cell function. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:206-17. [PMID: 26129651 PMCID: PMC4698109 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cells populate wet-surfaced mucosa including the conjunctiva of the eye, intestine, and nose, among others. These cells function as part of the innate immune system by secreting high molecular weight mucins that interact with environmental constituents including pathogens, allergens, and particulate pollutants. Herein, we determined whether interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a Th1 cytokine increased in dry eye, alters goblet cell function. Goblet cells from rat and human conjunctiva were cultured. Changes in intracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](i)), high molecular weight glycoconjugate secretion, and proliferation were measured after stimulation with IFN-γ with or without the cholinergic agonist carbachol. IFN-γ itself increased [Ca(2+)](i) in rat and human goblet cells and prevented the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) caused by carbachol. Carbachol prevented IFN-γ-mediated increase in [Ca(2+)](i). This cross-talk between IFN-γ and muscarinic receptors may be partially due to use of the same Ca(2+)(i) reservoirs, but also from interaction of signaling pathways proximal to the increase in [Ca(2+)](i). IFN-γ blocked carbachol-induced high molecular weight glycoconjugate secretion and reduced goblet cell proliferation. We conclude that increased levels of IFN-γ in dry eye disease could explain the lack of goblet cells and mucin deficiency typically found in this pathology. IFN-γ could also function similarly in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L García-Posadas
- Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
| | - RR Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - D Li
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - MA Shatos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - T Storr-Paulsen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Y Diebold
- Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
| | - DA Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Huang YJ, Hung KC, Hsieh FY, Hsu SH. Carboxyl-functionalized polyurethane nanoparticles with immunosuppressive properties as a new type of anti-inflammatory platform. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:20352-20364. [PMID: 26602242 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with the body immune system is critically important for their biomedical applications. Most NPs stimulate the immune response of macrophages. Here we show that synthetic polyurethane nanoparticles (PU NPs, diameter 34-64 nm) with rich surface COO(-) functional groups (zeta potential -70 to -50 mV) can suppress the immune response of macrophages. The specially-designed PU NPs reduce the gene expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) for endotoxin-treated macrophages. The PU NPs increase the intracellular calcium of macrophages (4.5-6.5 fold) and activate autophagy. This is in contrast to the autophagy dysfunction generally observed upon NP exposure. These PU NPs may further decrease the nuclear factor-κB-related inflammation via autophagy pathways. The immunosuppressive activities of PU NPs can prevent animal death by inhibiting the macrophage recruitment and proinflammatory responses, confirmed by an in vivo zebrafish model. Therefore, the novel biodegradable PU NPs demonstrate COO(-) dependent immunosuppressive properties without carrying any anti-inflammatory agents. This study suggests that NP surface chemistry may regulate the immune response, which provides a new paradigm for potential applications of NPs in anti-inflammation and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Jang Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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65
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Gervais O, Renault T, Arzul I. Induction of apoptosis by UV in the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:232-242. [PMID: 26057459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a fundamental feature in the development of many organisms and tissue systems. It is also a mechanism of host defense against environmental stress factors or pathogens by contributing to the elimination of infected cells. Hemocytes play a key role in defense mechanisms in invertebrates and previous studies have shown that physical or chemical stress can increase apoptosis in hemocytes in mollusks. However this phenomenon has rarely been investigated in bivalves especially in the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The apoptotic response of hemocytes from flat oysters, O. edulis, was investigated after exposure to UV and dexamethasone, two agents known to induce apoptosis in vertebrates. Flow cytometry and microscopy were combined to demonstrate that apoptosis occurs in flat oyster hemocytes. Investigated parameters like intracytoplasmic calcium activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and phosphatidyl-serine externalization were significantly modulated in cells exposed to UV whereas dexamethasone only induced an increase of DNA fragmentation. Morphological changes were also observed on UV-treated cells using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our results confirm the apoptotic effect of UV on hemocytes of O. edulis and suggest that apoptosis is an important mechanism developed by the flat oyster against stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Gervais
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SG2M), Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Tristan Renault
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SG2M), Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SG2M), Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
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Joo JH, Ueda E, Bortner CD, Yang XP, Liao G, Jetten AM. Farnesol activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and the ATF4-ATF3-CHOP cascade of ER stress in human T lymphoblastic leukemia Molt4 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:256-68. [PMID: 26275811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of T lymphoblastic leukemic Molt4 cells with farnesol activates the apoptosome via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. This induction was associated with changes in the level of intracellular potassium and calcium, the dissipation of the mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of several caspases, and PARP cleavage. The induction of apoptosis by farnesol was inhibited by the addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk and by the exogenous expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. Analysis of the gene expression profiles by microarray analysis revealed that farnesol increased the expression of several genes related to the unfolded protein response (UPR), including CHOP and CHAC1. This induction was associated with the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF3/4 cascade, but not the XBP-1 branch of the UPR. Although farnesol induced activation of the ERK1/2, p38, and JNK pathways, inhibition of these MAPKs had little effect on farnesol-induced apoptosis or the induction of UPR-related genes. Our data indicate that the induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells by farnesol is mediated through a pathway that involves activation of the apoptosome via the intrinsic pathway and induction of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF3/4 cascade in a manner that is independent of the farnesol-induced activation of MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Hyuck Joo
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Eiichiro Ueda
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carl D Bortner
- Molecular Endocrinology Section, Laboratory of Signal Transduction Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Grace Liao
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Abstract
One of the major challenges in the field of nucleic acid delivery is the design of delivery vehicles with attributes that render them safe as well as efficient in transfection. To this end, polycationic vectors have been intensely investigated with native polyethylenimines (PEIs) being the gold standard. PEIs are highly efficient transfectants, but depending on their architecture and size they induce cytotoxicity through different modes of cell death pathways. Here, we briefly review dynamic and integrated cell death processes and pathways, and discuss considerations in cell death assay design and their interpretation in relation to PEIs and PEI-based engineered vectors, which are also translatable for the design and studying the safety of other transfectants.
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68
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Dual induction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death by targeting survivin in head neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1771. [PMID: 26018732 PMCID: PMC4669714 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is ubiquitously expressed in patients with head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is associated with poor survival and chemotherapy resistance. Sepantronium bromide (YM155) is a selective survivin suppressant that exhibits potent antitumor activities by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in various types of cancer. However, the curative effects and underlying mechanisms of YM155 in HNSCC remain unclear. This study showed that survivin overexpression positively correlated with p-S6, p-Rb and LAMP2 but negatively correlated with the autophagic marker LC3 in human HNSCC tissues. In vitro studies revealed that YM155 triggered apoptosis of HNSCC cells in mitochondria and death receptor-dependent manner. The treatment also significantly enhanced autophagy by upregulating Beclin1, which led to cell death. YM155 not only downregulated the expression of survivin but also remarkably suppressed the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. YM155 displayed potent antitumor activities in both CAL27 xenograft and transgenic HNSCC mice models by delaying tumor onset and suppressing tumor growth. Furthermore, YM155 combined with docetaxel promoted tumor regression better than either treatment alone without causing considerable body weight loss in the HNSCC xenograft models. Overall, targeting survivin by YM155 can benefit HNSCC therapy by increasing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, and suppressing prosurvival pathways.
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69
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Chandrachud U, Walker MW, Simas AM, Heetveld S, Petcherski A, Klein M, Oh H, Wolf P, Zhao WN, Norton S, Haggarty SJ, Lloyd-Evans E, Cotman SL. Unbiased Cell-based Screening in a Neuronal Cell Model of Batten Disease Highlights an Interaction between Ca2+ Homeostasis, Autophagy, and CLN3 Protein Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14361-80. [PMID: 25878248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of undigested macromolecules, often disease-specific, is a major feature of lysosomal and neurodegenerative disease and is frequently attributed to defective autophagy. The mechanistic underpinnings of the autophagy defects are the subject of intense research, which is aided by genetic disease models. To gain an improved understanding of the pathways regulating defective autophagy specifically in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL or Batten disease), a neurodegenerative disease of childhood, we developed and piloted a GFP-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) screening assay to identify, in an unbiased fashion, genotype-sensitive small molecule autophagy modifiers, employing a JNCL neuronal cell model bearing the most common disease mutation in CLN3. Thapsigargin, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) Ca(2+) pump inhibitor, reproducibly displayed significantly more activity in the mouse JNCL cells, an effect that was also observed in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived JNCL neural progenitor cells. The mechanism of thapsigargin sensitivity was Ca(2+)-mediated, and autophagosome accumulation in JNCL cells could be reversed by Ca(2+) chelation. Interrogation of intracellular Ca(2+) handling highlighted alterations in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and lysosomal Ca(2+) pools and in store-operated Ca(2+) uptake in JNCL cells. These results further support an important role for the CLN3 protein in intracellular Ca(2+) handling and in autophagic pathway flux and establish a powerful new platform for therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Chandrachud
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Mathew W Walker
- the Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Simas
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Sasja Heetveld
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Anton Petcherski
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Madeleine Klein
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Hyejin Oh
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Pavlina Wolf
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Stephanie Norton
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- the Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Cotman
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
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70
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Shi Q, Yan H, Mei N, Tolleson WH, Guo L. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Store-Operated Calcium Entry Contribute to Usnic Acid-Induced Toxicity in Hepatic Cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:116-26. [PMID: 25870318 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of usnic acid as a weight loss agent is a safety concern due to reports of acute liver failure in humans. Previously we demonstrated that usnic acid induces apoptosis and cytotoxicity in hepatic HepG2 cells. We also demonstrated that usnic acid induces autophagy as a survival mechanism against its cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated and characterized further molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of usnic acid in HepG2 cells. We found that usnic acid causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress demonstrated by the increased expression of typical ER stress markers, including CHOP, ATF-4, p-eIF2α, and spliced XBP1. Usnic acid inhibited the secretion of Gaussia luciferase measured by an ER stress reporter assay. An ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate attenuated usnic acid-induced apoptosis. Moreover, usnic acid significantly increased the cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration. Usnic acid increased the expression of calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (CRAM1 or ORAI1) and stromal interaction molecule 1, two key components of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), which is the major Ca(2+) influx pathway in non-excitable cells, this finding was also confirmed in primary rat hepatocytes. Furthermore, knockdown of ORAI1 prevented ER stress and ATP depletion in response to usnic acid. In contrast, overexpression of ORAI1 increased ER stress and ATP depletion caused by usnic acid. Taken together, our results suggest that usnic acid disturbs calcium homeostasis, induces ER stress, and that usnic acid-induced cellular damage occurs at least partially via activation of the Ca(2+) channel of SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Zhuhong Zhang
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079 *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Yuanfeng Wu
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Qiang Shi
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Hua Yan
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Nan Mei
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - William H Tolleson
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
| | - Lei Guo
- *Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China and Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
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71
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Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Vyas M, Singh BB. TRPC1-mediated Ca²⁺ entry is essential for the regulation of hypoxia and nutrient depletion-dependent autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1674. [PMID: 25741599 PMCID: PMC4385947 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process needed for the degradation and recycling of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Although Ca2+ is suggested to have an important role in cell survival, the ion channel(s) involved in autophagy have not been identified. Here we demonstrate that increase in intracellular Ca2+ via transient receptor potential canonical channel-1 (TRPC1) regulates autophagy, thereby preventing cell death in two morphologically distinct cells lines. The addition of DMOG or DFO, a cell permeable hypoxia-mimetic agents, or serum starvation, induces autophagy in both epithelial and neuronal cells. The induction of autophagy increases Ca2+ entry via the TRPC1 channel, which was inhibited by the addition of 2APB and SKF96365. Importantly, TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry resulted in increased expression of autophagic markers that prevented cell death. Furthermore, hypoxia-mediated autophagy also increased TRPC1, but not STIM1 or Orai1, expression. Silencing of TRPC1 or inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, but not TRPC3, attenuated hypoxia-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ influx, decreased autophagy, and increased cell death. Furthermore, the primary salivary gland cells isolated from mice exposed to hypoxic conditions also showed increased expression of TRPC1 as well as increase in Ca2+ entry along with increased expression of autophagic markers. Altogether, we provide evidence for the involvement of Ca2+ influx via TRPC1 in regulating autophagy to protect against cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sukumaran
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - M Vyas
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - B B Singh
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
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Goswami A, Jesse CM, Chandrasekar A, Bushuven E, Vollrath JT, Dreser A, Katona I, Beyer C, Johann S, Feller AC, Grond M, Wagner S, Nikolin S, Troost D, Weis J. Accumulation of STIM1 is associated with the degenerative muscle fibre phenotype in ALS and other neurogenic atrophies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:304-18. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Goswami
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Christofer Marvin Jesse
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Akila Chandrasekar
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Bushuven
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Jan Tilmann Vollrath
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Alice Dreser
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Sonja Johann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - A. C. Feller
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Lübeck Germany
| | - M. Grond
- Department of Neurology; District Hospital Siegen; Siegen Germany
| | - S. Wagner
- Department of Neurology; District Hospital Siegen; Siegen Germany
| | - Stefan Nikolin
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Dirk Troost
- Division of Neuropathology; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University and JARA Brain Translational Medicine; Aachen Germany
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73
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Gu H, Zhang K, Ma L. Fluorosis induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in osteoblasts in vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:64-71. [PMID: 25434583 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of fluoride on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) and osteoblast apoptosis in vivo. Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (12/group) and exposed to 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L of fluoride in drinking water for 8 weeks, respectively. Peripheral blood samples and bilateral femurs were used to monitor the progression of fluorosis in the animals. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the bone tissues was used to determine the severity of osteofluorosis. The expression of ERS chaperones (glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein l (XBP1), cysteine aspartate specific protease-12 (caspase-12), and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153/CHOP) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining, and osteoblast apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Accumulation of fluoride in bone was associated with the severity of osteofluorosis. The expression of GRP78, XBP1, caspase-12, and CHOP was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Fluoride-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts was also dose-dependent. High concentrations of fluoride induced ERS and osteoblast apoptosis in vivo. The increased expression of GRP78 and XBP1 increased the adaptation of osteoblasts to ERS to a certain extent. Caspase-12 and CHOP activation was associated with ERS and osteoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, ShenYang, China
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74
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75
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Rimessi A, Bonora M, Marchi S, Patergnani S, Marobbio CMT, Lasorsa FM, Pinton P. Perturbed mitochondrial Ca2+signals as causes or consequences of mitophagy induction. Autophagy 2014; 9:1677-86. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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76
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Sobradillo D, Hernández-Morales M, Ubierna D, Moyer MP, Núñez L, Villalobos C. A reciprocal shift in transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) and stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2) contributes to Ca2+ remodeling and cancer hallmarks in colorectal carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28765-82. [PMID: 25143380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.581678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the molecular basis of intracellular Ca(2+) handling in human colon carcinoma cells (HT29) versus normal human mucosa cells (NCM460) and its contribution to cancer features. We found that Ca(2+) stores in colon carcinoma cells are partially depleted relative to normal cells. However, resting Ca(2+) levels, agonist-induced Ca(2+) increases, store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), and store-operated currents (ISOC) are largely enhanced in tumor cells. Enhanced SOCE and depleted Ca(2+) stores correlate with increased cell proliferation, invasion, and survival characteristic of tumor cells. Normal mucosa cells displayed small, inward Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) currents (ICRAC) mediated by ORAI1. In contrast, colon carcinoma cells showed mixed currents composed of enhanced ICRAC plus a nonselective ISOC mediated by TRPC1. Tumor cells display increased expression of TRPC1, ORAI1, ORAI2, ORAI3, and STIM1. In contrast, STIM2 protein was nearly depleted in tumor cells. Silencing data suggest that enhanced ORAI1 and TRPC1 contribute to enhanced SOCE and differential store-operated currents in tumor cells, whereas ORAI2 and -3 are seemingly less important. In addition, STIM2 knockdown decreases SOCE and Ca(2+) store content in normal cells while promoting apoptosis resistance. These data suggest that loss of STIM2 may underlie Ca(2+) store depletion and apoptosis resistance in tumor cells. We conclude that a reciprocal shift in TRPC1 and STIM2 contributes to Ca(2+) remodeling and tumor features in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sobradillo
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IBGM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miriam Hernández-Morales
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IBGM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ubierna
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IBGM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Núñez
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (IBGM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain,
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77
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Chang Y, Bruni R, Kloss B, Assur Z, Kloppmann E, Rost B, Hendrickson WA, Liu Q. Structural basis for a pH-sensitive calcium leak across membranes. Science 2014; 344:1131-5. [PMID: 24904158 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis balances passive calcium leak and active calcium uptake. Human Bax inhibitor-1 (hBI-1) is an antiapoptotic protein that mediates a calcium leak and is representative of a highly conserved and widely distributed family, the transmembrane Bax inhibitor motif (TMBIM) proteins. Here, we present crystal structures of a bacterial homolog and characterize its calcium leak activity. The structure has a seven-transmembrane-helix fold that features two triple-helix sandwiches wrapped around a central C-terminal helix. Structures obtained in closed and open conformations are reversibly interconvertible by change of pH. A hydrogen-bonded, pKa (where Ka is the acid dissociation constant)-perturbed pair of conserved aspartate residues explains the pH dependence of this transition, and biochemical studies show that pH regulates calcium influx in proteoliposomes. Homology models for hBI-1 provide insights into TMBIM-mediated calcium leak and cytoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Chang
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Renato Bruni
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Brian Kloss
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zahra Assur
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edda Kloppmann
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Burkhard Rost
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X4, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X4, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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78
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Sharifi-Sanjani M, Shoushtari AH, Quiroz M, Baust J, Sestito SF, Mosher M, Ross M, McTiernan CF, St Croix CM, Bilonick RA, Champion HC, Isenberg JS. Cardiac CD47 drives left ventricular heart failure through Ca2+-CaMKII-regulated induction of HDAC3. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000670. [PMID: 24922625 PMCID: PMC4309049 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Left ventricular heart failure (LVHF) remains progressive and fatal and is a formidable health problem because ever‐larger numbers of people are diagnosed with this disease. Therapeutics, while relieving symptoms and extending life in some cases, cannot resolve this process and transplant remains the option of last resort for many. Our team has described a widely expressed cell surface receptor (CD47) that is activated by its high‐affinity secreted ligand, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), in acute injury and chronic disease; however, a role for activated CD47 in LVHF has not previously been proposed. Methods and Results In experimental LVHF TSP1‐CD47 signaling is increased concurrent with up‐regulation of cardiac histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Mice mutated to lack CD47 displayed protection from transverse aortic constriction (TAC)‐driven LVHF with enhanced cardiac function, decreased cellular hypertrophy and fibrosis, decreased maladaptive autophagy, and decreased expression of HDAC3. In cell culture, treatment of cardiac myocyte CD47 with a TSP1‐derived peptide, which binds and activates CD47, increased HDAC3 expression and myocyte hypertrophy in a Ca2+/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII)‐dependent manner. Conversely, antibody blocking of CD47 activation, or pharmacologic inhibition of CaMKII, suppressed HDAC3 expression, decreased myocyte hypertrophy, and mitigated established LVHF. Downstream gene suppression of HDAC3 mimicked the protective effects of CD47 blockade and decreased hypertrophy in myocytes and mitigated LVHF in animals. Conclusions These data identify a proximate role for the TSP1‐CD47 axis in promoting LVHF by CaKMII‐mediated up‐regulation of HDAC3 and suggest novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifi-Sanjani
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., M.Q., J.B., S.F.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.) Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.)
| | - Ali Hakim Shoushtari
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (A.H.S., H.C.C.)
| | - Marisol Quiroz
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., M.Q., J.B., S.F.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.)
| | - Jeffrey Baust
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., M.Q., J.B., S.F.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.)
| | - Samuel F Sestito
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., M.Q., J.B., S.F.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.)
| | - Mackenzie Mosher
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.M., M.R., C.M.S.C.)
| | - Mark Ross
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.M., M.R., C.M.S.C.)
| | - Charles F McTiernan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (C.F.M.T.)
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.M., M.R., C.M.S.C.)
| | - Richard A Bilonick
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (R.A.B.)
| | - Hunter C Champion
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., M.Q., J.B., S.F.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.) Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.) Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (A.H.S., H.C.C.)
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., M.Q., J.B., S.F.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.) Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (M.S.S., H.C.C., J.S.I.)
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Oseki KT, Monteforte PT, Pereira GJS, Hirata H, Ureshino RP, Bincoletto C, Hsu YT, Smaili SS. Apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 peptide is Ca2+-IP3signaling-dependent in murine astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2471-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. T. Oseki
- Department of Pharmacology; EPM; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rua Três de Maio 100 CEP: 04044-020 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - P. T. Monteforte
- Department of Pharmacology; EPM; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rua Três de Maio 100 CEP: 04044-020 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - G. J. S. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology; EPM; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rua Três de Maio 100 CEP: 04044-020 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - H. Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology; EPM; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rua Três de Maio 100 CEP: 04044-020 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - R. P. Ureshino
- Department of Pharmacology; EPM; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rua Três de Maio 100 CEP: 04044-020 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - C. Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology; EPM; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rua Três de Maio 100 CEP: 04044-020 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Y.-T. Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - S. S. Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology; EPM; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rua Três de Maio 100 CEP: 04044-020 São Paulo SP Brazil
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80
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Westerink RHS. Modulation of cell viability, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels as common mechanisms of action of (mixtures of) non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6373-6383. [PMID: 23686757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are environmental pollutants that exert neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects in vivo in humans and animals. Acute in vitro neurotoxic effects include changes in cell viability, oxidative stress, and basal intracellular calcium levels. Though these acute cellular effects could partly explain the observed in vivo effects, other mechanisms, such as effects on calcium influx and neurotransmitter receptor function, likely contribute to the disturbance in neurotransmission. This concise review combines in vitro data on cell viability, oxidative stress and basal calcium levels with recent data that clearly demonstrate that (hydroxylated) PCBs and (hydroxylated) PBDEs can exert acute effects on voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels as well as on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in vitro. These novel mechanisms of action are shared by NDL-PCBs, OH-PBDEs, and some other persistent organic pollutants, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A, and could have profound effects on neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and neurobehavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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81
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Horie M, Nishio K, Kato H, Endoh S, Fujita K, Nakamura A, Kinugasa S, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Iwahashi H. Evaluation of cellular influences caused by calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 210:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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82
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Manring H, Abreu E, Brotto L, Weisleder N, Brotto M. Novel excitation-contraction coupling related genes reveal aspects of muscle weakness beyond atrophy-new hopes for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:37. [PMID: 24600395 PMCID: PMC3927072 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the last decade strengthened the understanding that skeletal muscles are not only the major tissue in the body from a volume point of view but also function as a master regulator contributing to optimal organismal health. These new contributions to the available body of knowledge triggered great interest in the roles of skeletal muscle beyond contraction. The World Health Organization, through its Global Burden of Disease (GBD) report, recently raised further awareness about the key importance of skeletal muscles as the GDB reported musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases have become the second greatest cause of disability, with more than 1.7 billion people in the globe affected by a diversity of MSK conditions. Besides their role in MSK disorders, skeletal muscles are also seen as principal metabolic organs with essential contributions to metabolic disorders, especially those linked to physical inactivity. In this review, we have focused on the unique function of new genes/proteins (i.e., MTMR14, MG29, sarcalumenin, KLF15) that during the last few years have helped provide novel insights about muscle function in health and disease, muscle fatigue, muscle metabolism, and muscle aging. Next, we provide an in depth discussion of how these genes/proteins converge into a common function of acting as regulators of intracellular calcium homeostasis. A clear link between dysfunctional calcium homeostasis is established and the special role of store-operated calcium entry is analyzed. The new knowledge that has been generated by the understanding of the roles of previously unknown modulatory genes of the skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) process brings exciting new possibilities for treatment of MSK diseases, muscle regeneration, and skeletal muscle tissue engineering. The next decade of skeletal muscle and MSK research is bound to bring to fruition applied knowledge that will hopefully offset the current heavy and sad burden of MSK diseases on the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Manring
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eduardo Abreu
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA ; Basic Medical Sciences Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA ; Basic Medical Sciences Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
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83
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Park EJ, Lee AY, Park S, Kim JH, Cho MH. Multiple pathways are involved in palmitic acid-induced toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 67:26-34. [PMID: 24486139 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the toxic mechanism following the accumulation of palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid, in human Chang liver cells. After PA exposure for 24 h, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) became dilated, and lipid droplets and organelles were observed within autophagosomes. Cell viability decreased with an ATP reduction and the G2/M phase arrest. The expression of SOD-2, but not of SOD-1, markedly increased after PA exposure, which also elevated the number of cells generating ROS. PA enhanced the levels of proteins related to apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ER stress. Moreover, the inhibition of caspases, p53, necroptosis, or ER stress substantially rescued PA-induced cytotoxicity and, similarly, the inhibition of caspases and ER stress counteracted PA-induced changes in the cell cycle. Conversely, the inhibition of necroptosis and p53 signaling accelerated the changes in the cell cycle triggered by PA exposure. Blocking autophagy exacerbated PA-induced cytotoxicity and alterations in the cell cycle and caused disappearance of cellular components. These results suggest that PA induces apoptosis accompanied by autophagy through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, which are triggered by oxidative stress in Chang liver cells and that blocking autophagy accelerates cell damage following PA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.
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84
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Lu Y, Hao B, Graeff R, Yue J. NAADP/TPC2/Ca(2+) Signaling Inhibits Autophagy. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 6:e27595. [PMID: 24753792 PMCID: PMC3984295 DOI: 10.4161/cib.27595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic adenine acid dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is one of the most potent endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing messengers. NAADP mobilizes Ca2+ from an acidic lysosome-related store, which can be subsequently amplified into global Ca2+ waves by calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) from ER/SR via Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors or ryanodine receptors. A body of evidence indicates that 2 pore channel 2 (TPC2), a new member of the superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels containing 12 putative transmembrane segments, is the long sought after NAADP receptor. Activation of NAADP/TPC2/Ca2+ signaling inhibits the fusion between autophagosome and lysosome by alkalizing the lysosomal pH, thereby arresting autophagic flux. In addition, TPC2 is downregulated during neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and TPC2 downregulation actually facilitates the neural lineage entry of ES cells. Here we propose the mechanism underlying how NAADP-induced Ca2+ release increases lysosomal pH and discuss the role of TPC2 in neural differentiation of mouse ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Baixia Hao
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Richard Graeff
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Physiology; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, PR China
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85
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Berchtold MW, Villalobo A. The many faces of calmodulin in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, autophagy, and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:398-435. [PMID: 24188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca(2+) receptor protein mediating a large number of signaling processes in all eukaryotic cells. CaM plays a central role in regulating a myriad of cellular functions via interaction with multiple target proteins. This review focuses on the action of CaM and CaM-dependent signaling systems in the control of vertebrate cell proliferation, programmed cell death and autophagy. The significance of CaM and interconnected CaM-regulated systems for the physiology of cancer cells including tumor stem cells, and processes required for tumor progression such as growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis and metastasis are highlighted. Furthermore, the potential targeting of CaM-dependent signaling processes for therapeutic use is discussed.
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Key Words
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzoic acid
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
- (−) enantiomer of dihydropyrine 3-methyl-5-3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)-propyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-piridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-hydrochloride (niguldipine)
- 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine
- 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
- 2-chloro-(ε-amino-Lys(75))-[6-(4-(N,N′-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-4-yl]-CaM adduct
- 3′-(β-chloroethyl)-2′,4′-dioxo-3,5′-spiro-oxazolidino-4-deacetoxy-vinblastine
- 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- B859-35
- CAPP(1)-CaM
- Ca(2+) binding protein
- Calmodulin
- Cancer biology
- Cell proliferation
- DMBA
- EBB
- FL-CaM
- FPCE
- HBC
- HBCP
- J-8
- KAR-2
- KN-62
- KN-93
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-8-aminooctyl-5-iodo-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide
- O-(4-ethoxyl-butyl)-berbamine
- RITC-CaM
- TA-CaM
- TFP
- TPA
- W-12
- W-13
- W-5
- W-7
- fluorescein-CaM adduct
- fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane
- norchlorpromazine-CaM adduct
- rhodamine isothiocyanate-CaM adduct
- trifluoperazine
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Berchtold
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter 4-2-09 Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Department of Cancer Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Mitophagy describes the selective targeting and degradation of mitochondria by the autophagy pathway. In this process, defective mitochondria are first purged from the mitochondrial network then delivered to the lysosome by the autophagy machinery. Mitophagy has emerged as a key facet of mitochondrial quality control and has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. Disturbances in the cellular control of mitophagy can result in a dysfunctional mitochondrial network with grave implications for high energy demanding tissue. The present chapter reviews the recent advancements in the study of mitophagy mechanisms and regulation.
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87
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Li X, Garrity AG, Xu H. Regulation of membrane trafficking by signalling on endosomal and lysosomal membranes. J Physiol 2013; 591:4389-401. [PMID: 23878375 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.258301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal and lysosomal membrane trafficking requires the coordination of multiple signalling events to control cargo sorting and processing, and endosome maturation. The initiation and termination of signalling events in endosomes and lysosomes is not well understood, but several key regulators have been identified, which include small GTPases, phosphoinositides, and Ca2+. Small GTPases act as master regulators and molecular switches in a GTP-dependent manner, initiating signalling cascades to regulate the direction and specificity of endosomal trafficking. Phosphoinositides are membrane-bound lipids that indicate vesicular identities for recruiting specific cytoplasmic proteins to endosomal membranes, thus allowing specificity of membrane fusion, fission, and cargo sorting to occur within and between specific vesicle compartments. In addition, phosphoinositides regulate the function of membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters in a compartment-specific manner to mediate transport and signalling. Finally, Ca2+, a locally acting second messenger released from intracellular ion channels, may provide precise spatiotemporal regulation of endosomal signalling and trafficking events. Small GTPase signalling can regulate phosphoinositide conversion during endosome maturation, and electrophysiological studies on isolated endosomes have shown that endosomal and lysosomal Ca2+ channels are directly modulated by endosomal lipids. Thus trafficking and maturation of endosomes and lysosomes can be precisely regulated by dynamic changes in GTPases and membrane lipids, as well as Ca2+ signalling. Importantly, impaired phosphoinositide and Ca2+ signalling can cause endosomal and lysosomal trafficking defects at the cellular level, and a spectrum of lysosome storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Li
- H. Xu: University of Michigan, MCDB, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Franchi N, Ballarin L. Influence of cadmium on the morphology and functionality of haemocytes in the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:29-35. [PMID: 23603692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to get insights into the effects of cadmium (Cd) on cell morphology and functions, we exposed haemocytes of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri to sub-lethal concentrations of CdCl(2). Results indicate that Cd hampers haemocyte spreading and phagocytosis in a dose-dependent way, through the alteration of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, the metal decreases the stability of the internal membranes, as revealed by the Neutral Red assay. The fraction of cells showing positivity for the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase is also reduced in the presence of Cd, whereas the number of cells responsive to the Annexin-V assay and showing chromatin condensation increases, suggesting a metal-dependent induction of apoptosis in exposed cells. As Cd is a known cause of oxidative stress, the decrease in the percentage of cells positive to the assay for superoxide anion, observed at low Cd concentrations, is indicative of the synthesis of metal-chelating molecules, such as metallothioneins, whereas, the increase at high Cd concentrations suggests a depletion of the cell reducing redox potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Franchi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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