Whitman TJ, Schlett CD, Grandits GA, Millar EV, Mende K, Hospenthal DR, Murray PR, Tribble DR. Chlorhexidine gluconate reduces transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 among Marine recruits.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;
33:809-16. [PMID:
22759549 DOI:
10.1086/666631]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pulsed-field type (PFT) USA300 causes skin and soft tissue infections in military recruits and invasive disease in hospitals. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is used to reduce MRSA colonization and infection. The impact of CHG on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA is not known.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of 2% CHG-impregnated cloths on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA colonization.
DESIGN
Cluster-randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
SETTING
Marine Officer Candidate School, Quantico, Virginia, in 2007.
PARTICIPANTS
Military recruits.
INTERVENTION
Thrice-weekly application of CHG-impregnated or control (Comfort Bath; Sage) cloths over the entire body.
MEASUREMENTS
Baseline and serial (every 2 weeks) nasal and/or axillary swab samples were assessed for MRSA colonization. Molecular analysis was performed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
RESULTS
During training, 77 subjects (4.9%) acquired MRSA, 26 (3.3%) in the CHG group and 51 (6.5%) in the control group (P=.004). When analyzed for PFT, 24 subjects (3.1%) in the control group but only 6 subjects (0.8%) in the CHG group (P=.001) had USA300. Of the 167 colonizing isolates recovered from 77 subjects, 99 were recovered from the control group, including USA300 (40.4%), USA800 (38.4%), USA1000 (12.1%), and USA100 (6.1%), and 68 were recovered from the CHG group, including USA800 (51.5%), USA100 (23.5%), and USA300 (13.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
CHG decreased the transmission of MRSA--more specifically, USA300--among military recruits. In addition, USA300 and USA800 outcompeted other MRSA PFTs at incident colonization. Future studies should evaluate the broad-based use of CHG to decrease transmission of USA300 in hospital settings.
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