Iida H, Hori Y, Ishida K, Imabayashi E, Matsuda H, Takahashi M, Maruno H, Yamamoto A, Koshino K, Enmi J, Iguchi S, Moriguchi T, Kawashima H, Zeniya T. Three-dimensional brain phantom containing bone and grey matter structures with a realistic head contour.
Ann Nucl Med 2012;
27:25-36. [PMID:
23011903 PMCID:
PMC3549246 DOI:
10.1007/s12149-012-0655-7]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
A physical 3-dimensional phantom that simulates PET/SPECT images of static regional cerebral blood flow in grey matter with a realistic head contour has been developed. This study examined the feasibility of using this phantom for evaluating PET/SPECT images.
Methods
The phantom was constructed using a transparent, hydrophobic photo-curable polymer with a laser-modelling technique. The phantom was designed to contain the grey matter, the skull, and the trachea spaces filled with a radioactive solution, a bone-equivalent solution of K2HPO4, and air, respectively. The grey matter and bone compartments were designed to establish the connectivity. A series of experiments was performed to confirm the accuracy and reproducibility of the phantom using X-ray CT, SPECT, and PET.
Results
The total weight was 1997 ± 2 g excluding the inner liquid, and volumes were 563 ± 1 and 306 ± 2 mL, corresponding to the grey matter and bone compartments, respectively. The apparent attenuation coefficient averaged over the whole brain was 0.168 ± 0.006 cm−1 for Tc-99 m, which was consistent with the previously reported value for humans (0.168 ± 0.010 cm−1). Air bubbles were well removed from both grey-matter and bone compartments, as confirmed by X-ray CT. The phantom was well adapted to experiments using PET and SPECT devices.
Conclusion
The 3-dimensional brain phantom constructed in this study may be of use for evaluating the adequacy of SPECT/PET reconstruction software programs.
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