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Effect of tumor properties on energy absorption, temperature mapping, and thermal dose in 13.56-MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:281-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kok HP, Navarro F, Strigari L, Cavagnaro M, Crezee J. Locoregional hyperthermia of deep-seated tumours applied with capacitive and radiative systems: a simulation study. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:714-730. [PMID: 29509043 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1448119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locoregional hyperthermia is applied to deep-seated tumours in the pelvic region. Two very different heating techniques are often applied: capacitive and radiative heating. In this paper, numerical simulations are applied to compare the performance of both techniques in heating of deep-seated tumours. METHODS Phantom simulations were performed for small (30 × 20 × 50 cm3) and large (45 × 30 × 50 cm3), homogeneous fatless and inhomogeneous fat-muscle, tissue-equivalent phantoms with a central or eccentric target region. Radiative heating was simulated with the 70 MHz AMC-4 system and capacitive heating was simulated at 13.56 MHz. Simulations were performed for small fatless, small (i.e. fat layer typically <2 cm) and large (i.e. fat layer typically >3 cm) patients with cervix, prostate, bladder and rectum cancer. Temperature distributions were simulated using constant hyperthermic-level perfusion values with tissue constraints of 44 °C and compared for both heating techniques. RESULTS For the small homogeneous phantom, similar target heating was predicted with radiative and capacitive heating. For the large homogeneous phantom, most effective target heating was predicted with capacitive heating. For inhomogeneous phantoms, hot spots in the fat layer limit adequate capacitive heating, and simulated target temperatures with radiative heating were 2-4 °C higher. Patient simulations predicted therapeutic target temperatures with capacitive heating for fatless patients, but radiative heating was more robust for all tumour sites and patient sizes, yielding target temperatures 1-3 °C higher than those predicted for capacitive heating. CONCLUSION Generally, radiative locoregional heating yields more favourable simulated temperature distributions for deep-seated pelvic tumours, compared with capacitive heating. Therapeutic temperatures are predicted for capacitive heating in patients with (almost) no fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kok
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - F Navarro
- b Department of Medical Physics , Regional University Hospital of Málaga , Malaga , Spain
| | - L Strigari
- c Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems , Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - M Cavagnaro
- d Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - J Crezee
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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53
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Kulkarni V, Bodas D, Paknikar K. Assessment of an Integrative Anticancer Treatment Using an in Vitro Perfusion-Enabled 3D Breast Tumor Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1407-1417. [PMID: 33418670 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study presents observations on anticancer therapeutic efficacy of magnetic fluid hyperthermia and a combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy (i.e., integrative treatment) using an in vitro perfused and non-perfused 3D breast tumor model. The 3D in vitro breast tumor models were simulated using Comsol multiphysics, fabricated using specially designed chips, and treated with doxorubicin-loaded chitosan-coated La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (DC-LSMO) nanoparticles for hyperthermia and combination therapy in both perfused and non-perfused conditions. Computation confirmed uniform heat distribution throughout the scaffold for both the models. The findings indicate that both hyperthermia and combination treatment could trigger apoptotic cell death in the perfused and non-perfused models in varying degrees. Specifically, the perfused tumors were more resistant to therapy than the non-perfused ones. The efficacy of anticancer treatment decreased with increasing physiological complexity of the tumor model. The combination (hyperthermia and chemotherapy) treatment showed enhanced efficacy over hyperthermia alone. This is a pilot study to investigate the effects of magnetic fluid hyperthermia-chemotherapy treatment using perfused and non-perfused 3D in vitro models of tumor. The feasibility of using 3D cell culture models for contributing to our understanding of cancer and its treatment was also determined as a part of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Kulkarni
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Dhananjay Bodas
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Kishore Paknikar
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India
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Voglreiter P, Mariappan P, Pollari M, Flanagan R, Blanco Sequeiros R, Portugaller RH, Fütterer J, Schmalstieg D, Kolesnik M, Moche M. RFA Guardian: Comprehensive Simulation of Radiofrequency Ablation Treatment of Liver Tumors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:787. [PMID: 29335429 PMCID: PMC5768804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RFA Guardian is a comprehensive application for high-performance patient-specific simulation of radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors. We address a wide range of usage scenarios. These include pre-interventional planning, sampling of the parameter space for uncertainty estimation, treatment evaluation and, in the worst case, failure analysis. The RFA Guardian is the first of its kind that exhibits sufficient performance for simulating treatment outcomes during the intervention. We achieve this by combining a large number of high-performance image processing, biomechanical simulation and visualization techniques into a generalized technical workflow. Further, we wrap the feature set into a single, integrated application, which exploits all available resources of standard consumer hardware, including massively parallel computing on graphics processing units. This allows us to predict or reproduce treatment outcomes on a single personal computer with high computational performance and high accuracy. The resulting low demand for infrastructure enables easy and cost-efficient integration into the clinical routine. We present a number of evaluation cases from the clinical practice where users performed the whole technical workflow from patient-specific modeling to final validation and highlight the opportunities arising from our fast, accurate prediction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Voglreiter
- Graz University of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graz, 8010, Austria.
| | | | - Mika Pollari
- Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Department of Computer Science, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | | | | | - Rupert Horst Portugaller
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Jurgen Fütterer
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6525, Netherlands
| | - Dieter Schmalstieg
- Graz University of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Marina Kolesnik
- Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT, Sankt Augustin, 53754, Germany
| | - Michael Moche
- University Hospital Leipzig, Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
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55
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van der Horst A, Versteijne E, Besselink MGH, Daams JG, Bulle EB, Bijlsma MF, Wilmink JW, van Delden OM, van Hooft JE, Franken NAP, van Laarhoven HWM, Crezee J, van Tienhoven G. The clinical benefit of hyperthermia in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:969-979. [PMID: 29168401 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1401126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In pancreatic cancer, which is therapy resistant due to its hypoxic microenvironment, hyperthermia may enhance the effect of radio(chemo)therapy. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the validity of the hypothesis that hyperthermia added to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy improves treatment outcome for pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS We searched MEDLINE and Embase, supplemented by handsearching, for clinical studies involving hyperthermia in pancreatic cancer patients. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. Primary outcome was treatment efficacy; we calculated overall response rate and the weighted estimate of the population median overall survival (mp) and compared these between hyperthermia and control cohorts. RESULTS Overall, 14 studies were included, with 395 patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic cancer of whom 248 received hyperthermia. Patients were treated with regional (n = 189), intraoperative (n = 39) or whole-body hyperthermia (n = 20), combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both. Quality of the studies was low, with level of evidence 3 (five studies) and 4. The six studies including a control group showed a longer mp in the hyperthermia groups than in the control groups (11.7 vs. 5.6 months). Overall response rate, reported in three studies with a control group, was also better for the hyperthermia groups (43.9% vs. 35.3%). CONCLUSIONS Hyperthermia, when added to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, may positively affect treatment outcome for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, the quality of the reviewed studies was limited and future randomised controlled trials are needed to establish efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid van der Horst
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Hyperthermia , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Eva Versteijne
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Hyperthermia , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marc G H Besselink
- b Department of Surgery , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Joost G Daams
- c Medical Library , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Esther B Bulle
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Hyperthermia , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- d Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- e Department of Medical Oncology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Otto M van Delden
- f Department of Radiology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jeanin E van Hooft
- g Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A P Franken
- d Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- e Department of Medical Oncology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Crezee
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Hyperthermia , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Geertjan van Tienhoven
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Hyperthermia , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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56
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Drizdal T, Paulides MM, van Holthe N, van Rhoon GC. Hyperthermia treatment planning guided applicator selection for sub-superficial head and neck tumors heating. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:704-713. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1383517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Drizdal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margarethus M. Paulides
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Netteke van Holthe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. van Rhoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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57
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Gao H, Wu S, Wang X, Hu R, Zhou Z, Sun X. Temperature simulation of microwave ablation based on improved specific absorption rate method compared to phantom measurements. Comput Assist Surg (Abingdon) 2017; 22:9-17. [DOI: 10.1080/24699322.2017.1378605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Gao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuicai Wu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuhuang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuecong Sun
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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58
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Dressel S, Gosselin MC, Capstick MH, Carrasco E, Weyland MS, Scheidegger S, Neufeld E, Kuster N, Bodis S, Rohrer Bley C. Novel hyperthermia applicator system allows adaptive treatment planning: Preliminary clinical results in tumour-bearing animals. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:202-213. [PMID: 28892246 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) as an adjuvant to radiation therapy (RT) is a multimodality treatment method to enhance therapeutic efficacy in different tumours. High demands are placed on the hardware and treatment planning software to guarantee adequately planned and applied HT treatments. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the novel HT system in tumour-bearing dogs and cats in terms of local response and toxicity as well as to compare planned with actual achieved data during heating. A novel applicator with a flexible number of elements and integrated closed-loop temperature feedback control system, and a tool for patient-specific treatment planning were used in a combined thermoradiotherapy protocol. Good agreement between predictions from planning and clinical outcome was found in 7 of 8 cases. Effective HT treatments were planned and verified with the novel system and provided improved quality of life in all but 1 patient. This individualized treatment planning and controlled heat exposure allows adaptive, flexible and safe HT treatments in palliatively treated animal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dressel
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - M S Weyland
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - S Scheidegger
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - E Neufeld
- IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Kuster
- IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Bodis
- Radioonkologie Zentrum KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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59
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Cappiello G, McGinley B, Elahi MA, Drizdal T, Paulides MM, Glavin M, O'Halloran M, Jones E. Differential Evolution Optimization of the SAR Distribution for Head and Neck Hyperthermia. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 64:1875-1885. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2627941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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60
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Laser Ablation for Cancer: Past, Present and Future. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8020019. [PMID: 28613248 PMCID: PMC5492000 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser ablation (LA) is gaining acceptance for the treatment of tumors as an alternative to surgical resection. This paper reviews the use of lasers for ablative and surgical applications. Also reviewed are solutions aimed at improving LA outcomes: hyperthermal treatment planning tools and thermometric techniques during LA, used to guide the surgeon in the choice and adjustment of the optimal laser settings, and the potential use of nanoparticles to allow biologic selectivity of ablative treatments. Promising technical solutions and a better knowledge of laser-tissue interaction should allow LA to be used in a safe and effective manner as a cancer treatment.
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61
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Aklan B, Gierse P, Hartmann J, Ott OJ, Fietkau R, Bert C. Influence of patient mispositioning on SAR distribution and simulated temperature in regional deep hyperthermia. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:4929-4945. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6b99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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62
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Scott SJ, Adams MS, Salgaonkar V, Sommer FG, Diederich CJ. Theoretical investigation of transgastric and intraductal approaches for ultrasound-based thermal therapy of the pancreas. J Ther Ultrasound 2017; 5:10. [PMID: 28469915 PMCID: PMC5414307 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-017-0090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this study was to theoretically investigate the feasibility of intraductal and transgastric approaches to ultrasound-based thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors, and to evaluate possible treatment strategies. Methods This study considered ultrasound applicators with 1.2 mm outer diameter tubular transducers, which are inserted into the tissue to be treated by an endoscopic approach, either via insertion through the gastric wall (transgastric) or within the pancreatic duct lumen (intraductal). 8 patient-specific, 3D, transient, biothermal and acoustic finite element models were generated to model hyperthermia (n = 2) and ablation (n = 6), using sectored (210°–270°, n = 4) and 360° (n = 4) transducers for treatment of 3.3–17.0 cm3 tumors in the head (n = 5), body (n = 2), and tail (n = 1) of the pancreas. A parametric study was performed to determine appropriate treatment parameters as a function of tissue attenuation, blood perfusion rates, and distance to sensitive anatomy. Results Parametric studies indicated that pancreatic tumors up to 2.5 or 2.7 cm diameter can be ablated within 10 min with the transgastric and intraductal approaches, respectively. Patient-specific simulations demonstrated that 67.1–83.3% of the volumes of four sample 3.3–11.4 cm3 tumors could be ablated within 3–10 min using transgastric or intraductal approaches. 55.3–60.0% of the volume of a large 17.0 cm3 tumor could be ablated using multiple applicator positions within 20–30 min with either transgastric or intraductal approaches. 89.9–94.7% of the volume of two 4.4–11.4 cm3 tumors could be treated with intraductal hyperthermia. Sectored applicators are effective in directing acoustic output away from and preserving sensitive structures. When acoustic energy is directed towards sensitive structures, applicators should be placed at least 13.9–14.8 mm from major vessels like the aorta, 9.4–12.0 mm from other vessels, depending on the vessel size and flow rate, and 14 mm from the duodenum. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of generating shaped or conformal ablative or hyperthermic temperature distributions within pancreatic tumors using transgastric or intraductal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena J Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thermal Therapy Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Suite H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143-1708 USA
| | - Matthew S Adams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thermal Therapy Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Suite H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143-1708 USA.,UC Berkeley - UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, California, USA
| | - Vasant Salgaonkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thermal Therapy Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Suite H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143-1708 USA
| | - F Graham Sommer
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Chris J Diederich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thermal Therapy Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Suite H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143-1708 USA.,UC Berkeley - UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, California, USA
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63
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Cuplov V, Pain F, Jan S. Simulation of nanoparticle-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy using GATE. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1665-1681. [PMID: 28663855 PMCID: PMC5480570 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanotechnology for biomedicine in cancer therapy allows for direct delivery of anticancer agents to tumors. An example of such therapies is the nanoparticle-mediated near-infrared hyperthermia treatment. In order to investigate the influence of nanoparticle properties on the spatial distribution of heat in the tumor and healthy tissues, accurate simulations are required. The Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography (GATE) open-source simulation platform, based on the Geant4 toolkit, is widely used by the research community involved in molecular imaging, radiotherapy and optical imaging. We present an extension of GATE that can model nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermal therapy as well as simple heat diffusion in biological tissues. This new feature of GATE combined with optical imaging allows for the simulation of a theranostic scenario in which the patient is injected with theranostic nanosystems that can simultaneously deliver therapeutic (i.e. hyperthermia therapy) and imaging agents (i.e. fluorescence imaging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Cuplov
- IMIV, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, CEA/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, F-91401, Orsay,
France
| | - Frédéric Pain
- IMNC, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, F-91405, Orsay,
France
| | - Sébastien Jan
- IMIV, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, CEA/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, F-91401, Orsay,
France
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64
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Kim JK, Prasad B, Kim S. Temperature mapping and thermal dose calculation in combined radiation therapy and 13.56 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia for tumor treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2253163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzy Kim
- Seoul National Univ. Boramae Medical Ctr. (Korea, Republic of)
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65
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Paulides MM, Mestrom RMC, Salim G, Adela BB, Numan WCM, Drizdal T, Yeo DTB, Smolders AB. A printed Yagi-Uda antenna for application in magnetic resonance thermometry guided microwave hyperthermia applicators. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:1831-1847. [PMID: 28052042 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa56b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological studies and clinical trials show that addition of hyperthermia stimulates conventional cancer treatment modalities and significantly improves treatment outcome. This supra-additive stimulation can be optimized by adaptive hyperthermia to counteract strong and dynamic thermoregulation. The only clinically proven method for the 3D non-invasive temperature monitoring required is by magnetic resonance (MR) temperature imaging, but the currently available set of MR compatible hyperthermia applicators lack the degree of heat control required. In this work, we present the design and validation of a high-frequency (433 MHz ISM band) printed circuit board antenna with a very low MR-footprint. This design is ideally suited for use in a range of hyperthermia applicator configurations. Experiments emulating the clinical situation show excellent matching properties of the antenna over a 7.2% bandwidth (S 11 < -15 dB). Its strongly directional radiation properties minimize inter-element coupling for typical array configurations (S 21 < -23 dB). MR imaging distortion by the antenna was found negligible and MR temperature imaging in a homogeneous muscle phantom was highly correlated with gold-standard probe measurements (root mean square error: RMSE = 0.51 °C and R 2 = 0.99). This work paves the way for tailored MR imaging guided hyperthermia devices ranging from single antenna or incoherent antenna-arrays, to real-time adaptive hyperthermia with phased-arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Paulides
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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66
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Magnetic nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia with appropriate payloads: Paul Ehrlich’s “magic (nano)bullet” for cancer theranostics? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 50:217-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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67
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Chakaravarthi G, Arunachalam K. Influence of dissolved gases in coupling waterbolus on superficial hyperthermia and evaluation of a water conditioning system with inline degassing. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/2/5/055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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68
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Bardati F, Tognolatti P. Hyperthermia phased arrays pre-treatment evaluation. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:911-922. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2016.1219393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bardati
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Tognolatti
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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69
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Fiber Optic Sensors for Temperature Monitoring during Thermal Treatments: An Overview. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16071144. [PMID: 27455273 PMCID: PMC4970186 DOI: 10.3390/s16071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, minimally invasive thermal treatments (i.e., Radiofrequency ablation, Laser ablation, Microwave ablation, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ablation, and Cryo-ablation) have gained widespread recognition in the field of tumor removal. These techniques induce a localized temperature increase or decrease to remove the tumor while the surrounding healthy tissue remains intact. An accurate measurement of tissue temperature may be particularly beneficial to improve treatment outcomes, because it can be used as a clear end-point to achieve complete tumor ablation and minimize recurrence. Among the several thermometric techniques used in this field, fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have several attractive features: high flexibility and small size of both sensor and cabling, allowing insertion of FOSs within deep-seated tissue; metrological characteristics, such as accuracy (better than 1 °C), sensitivity (e.g., 10 pm·°C−1 for Fiber Bragg Gratings), and frequency response (hundreds of kHz), are adequate for this application; immunity to electromagnetic interference allows the use of FOSs during Magnetic Resonance- or Computed Tomography-guided thermal procedures. In this review the current status of the most used FOSs for temperature monitoring during thermal procedure (e.g., fiber Bragg Grating sensors; fluoroptic sensors) is presented, with emphasis placed on their working principles and metrological characteristics. The essential physics of the common ablation techniques are included to explain the advantages of using FOSs during these procedures.
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Wang H, Wu J, Zhuo Z, Tang J. A three-dimensional model and numerical simulation regarding thermoseed mediated magnetic induction therapy conformal hyperthermia. Technol Health Care 2016; 24 Suppl 2:S827-39. [DOI: 10.3233/thc-161211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Estimation of optical properties of neuroendocrine pancreas tumor with double-integrating-sphere system and inverse Monte Carlo model. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1041-50. [PMID: 27147075 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of laser-tissue interaction is crucial for diagnostics and therapeutics. In particular, the estimation of tissue optical properties allows developing predictive models for defining organ-specific treatment planning tool. With regard to laser ablation (LA), optical properties are among the main responsible for the therapy efficacy, as they globally affect the heating process of the tissue, due to its capability to absorb and scatter laser energy. The recent introduction of LA for pancreatic tumor treatment in clinical studies has fostered the need to assess the laser-pancreas interaction and hence to find its optical properties in the wavelength of interest. This work aims at estimating optical properties (i.e., absorption, μ a , scattering, μ s , anisotropy, g, coefficients) of neuroendocrine pancreas tumor at 1064 nm. Experiments were performed using two popular sample storage methods; the optical properties of frozen and paraffin-embedded neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas are estimated by employing a double-integrating-sphere system and inverse Monte Carlo algorithm. Results show that paraffin-embedded tissue is characterized by absorption and scattering coefficients significantly higher than frozen samples (μ a of 56 cm(-1) vs 0.9 cm(-1), μ s of 539 cm(-1) vs 130 cm(-1), respectively). Simulations show that such different optical features strongly influence the pancreas temperature distribution during LA. This result may affect the prediction of therapeutic outcome. Therefore, the choice of the appropriate preparation technique of samples for optical property estimation is crucial for the performances of the mathematical models which predict LA thermal outcome on the tissue and lead the selection of optimal LA settings.
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Schooneveldt G, Bakker A, Balidemaj E, Chopra R, Crezee J, Geijsen ED, Hartmann J, Hulshof MC, Kok HP, Paulides MM, Sousa-Escandon A, Stauffer PR, Maccarini PF. Thermal dosimetry for bladder hyperthermia treatment. An overview. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:417-33. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2016.1156170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Rodrigues DB, Stauffer PR, Colebeck E, Hood AZ, Salahi S, Maccarini PF, Topsakal E. Dielectric properties measurements of brown and white adipose tissue in rats from 0.5 to 10 GHz. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2016; 2:025005. [PMID: 29354288 PMCID: PMC5773071 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/2/2/025005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in whole body metabolism and with appropriate stimulus could potentially mediate weight gain and insulin sensitivity. Although imaging techniques are available to detect subsurface BAT, there are currently no viable methods for continuous acquisition of BAT energy expenditure. Microwave (MW) radiometry is an emerging technology that allows the quantification of tissue temperature variations at depths of several centimeters. Such temperature differentials may be correlated with variations in metabolic rate, thus providing a quantitative approach to monitor BAT metabolism. In order to optimize MW radiometry, numerical and experimental phantoms with accurate dielectric properties are required to develop and calibrate radiometric sensors. Thus, we present for the first time, the characterization of relative permittivity and electrical conductivity of brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissues in rats across the MW range 0.5-10GHz. Measurements were carried out in situ and post mortem in six female rats of approximately 200g. A Cole-Cole model was used to fit the experimental data into a parametric model that describes the variation of dielectric properties as a function of frequency. Measurements confirm that the dielectric properties of BAT (εr = 14.0-19.4, σ = 0.3-3.3S/m) are significantly higher than those of WAT (εr = 9.1-11.9, σ = 0.1-1.9S/m), in accordance with the higher water content of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Rodrigues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - P R Stauffer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E Colebeck
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - A Z Hood
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - P F Maccarini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - E Topsakal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Paulides MM, Verduijn GM, Van Holthe N. Status quo and directions in deep head and neck hyperthermia. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:21. [PMID: 26868027 PMCID: PMC4751675 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of hyperthermia as a potent modifier of radiotherapy has been well established and more recently also the combination with chemotherapy was shown beneficial. Also for head and neck cancer, the impact of hyperthermia has been clinically demonstrated by a number of clinical trials. Unfortunately, the technology applied in these studies provided only limited thermal dose control, and the devices used only allowed treatment of target regions close to the skin. Over the last decade, we developed the technology for deep and controlled hyperthermia that allows treatment of the entire head and neck region. Our strategy involves focused microwave heating combined with 3D patient-specific electromagnetic and thermal simulations for conformal, reproducible and adaptive hyperthermia application. Validation of our strategy has been performed by 3D thermal dose assessment based on invasively placed temperature sensors combined with the 3D patient specific simulations. In this paper, we review the phase III clinical evidence for hyperthermia in head and neck tumors, as well as the heating and dosimetry technology applied in these studies. Next, we describe the development, clinical implementation and validation of 3D guided deep hyperthermia with the HYPERcollar, and its second generation, i.e. the HYPERcollar3D. Lastly, we discuss early clinical results and provide an outlook for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerda M Verduijn
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Box 5201, 3008AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Netteke Van Holthe
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Box 5201, 3008AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Crezee J, van Leeuwen CM, Oei AL, van Heerden LE, Bel A, Stalpers LJA, Ghadjar P, Franken NAP, Kok HP. Biological modelling of the radiation dose escalation effect of regional hyperthermia in cervical cancer. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:14. [PMID: 26831185 PMCID: PMC4735973 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Locoregional hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy significantly improves locoregional control and overall survival for cervical tumors compared to radiotherapy alone. In this study biological modelling is applied to quantify the effect of radiosensitization for three cervical cancer patients to evaluate the improvement in equivalent dose for the combination treatment with radiotherapy and hyperthermia. Methods The Linear-Quadratic (LQ) model extended with temperature-dependent LQ-parameters α and β was used to model radiosensitization by hyperthermia and to calculate the conventional radiation dose that is equivalent in biological effect to the combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia treatment. External beam radiotherapy planning was performed based on a prescription dose of 46Gy in 23 fractions of 2Gy. Hyperthermia treatment using the AMC-4 system was simulated based on the actual optimized system settings used during treatment. Results The simulated hyperthermia treatments for the 3 patients yielded a T50 of 40.1 °C, 40.5 °C, 41.1 °C and a T90 of 39.2 °C, 39.7 °C, 40.4 °C, respectively. The combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia treatment resulted in a D95 of 52.5Gy, 55.5Gy, 56.9Gy in the GTV, a dose escalation of 7.3–11.9Gy compared to radiotherapy alone (D95 = 45.0–45.5Gy). Conclusions This study applied biological modelling to evaluate radiosensitization by hyperthermia as a radiation-dose escalation for cervical cancer patients. This model is very useful to compare the effectiveness of different treatment schedules for combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia treatments and to guide the design of clinical studies on dose escalation using hyperthermia in a multi-modality setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - C M van Leeuwen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A L Oei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR)/Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L E van Heerden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A Bel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L J A Stalpers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P Ghadjar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.
| | - N A P Franken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR)/Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H P Kok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Vrba D, Rodrigues DB, Vrba (Jr.) J, Stauffer PR. METAMATERIAL ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR IMPROVED UNIFORMITY OF MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2528/pier16012702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Adibzadeh F, van Rhoon GC, Verduijn GM, Naus-Postema NC, Paulides MM. Absence of acute ocular damage in humans after prolonged exposure to intense RF EMF. Phys Med Biol 2015; 61:488-503. [PMID: 26682777 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/2/488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The eye is considered to be a critical organ when determining safety standards for radio frequency (RF) radiation. Experimental data obtained using animals showed that RF heating of the eye, particularly over a specific threshold, can induce cataracts. During the treatment of cancer in the head and neck by hyperthermia, the eyes receive a considerable dose of RF radiation due to stray radiation from the prolonged (60 min) and intense exposure at 434 MHz of this region. In the current study, we verified the exposure guidelines for humans by determining the association between the electromagnetic and thermal dose in the eyes with the reported ocular effects. We performed a simulation study to retrospectively assess the specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature increase in the eyes of 16 selected patients (encompassing a total of 74 treatment sessions) whose treatment involved high power delivery as well as a minimal distance between the tumor site and the eye. Our results show that the basic restrictions on the peak 10 g spatial-averaged SAR (10 W kg(-1)) and peak tissue temperature increase (1 °C) are exceeded by up to 10.4 and 4.6 times, on average, and by at least 6.2 and 1.8 times when considering the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval. Evaluation of the acute effects according to patients' feedback (all patients), the common toxicity criteria scores (all patients) and an ophthalmology investigation (one patient with the highest exposure) revealed no indication of any serious acute ocular effect, even though the eyes were exposed to high electromagnetic fields, leading to a high thermal dose. We also found that, although there is a strong correlation (R (2) = 0.88) between the predicted induced SAR and temperature in the eye, there are large uncertainties regarding the temperature-SAR relationship. Given this large uncertainty (129%) compared with the uncertainty of 3D temperature simulations (61%), we recommend using temperature simulations as a dosimetric measure in electromagnetic exposure risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adibzadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC: Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Hyperthermia Unit, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Crezee H, van Leeuwen CM, Oei AL, Stalpers LJA, Bel A, Franken NA, Kok HP. Thermoradiotherapy planning: Integration in routine clinical practice. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 32:41-9. [PMID: 26670625 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Planning of combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia treatments should be performed taking the synergistic action between the two modalities into account. This work evaluates the available experimental data on cytotoxicity of combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia treatment and the requirements for integration of hyperthermia and radiotherapy treatment planning into a single planning platform. The underlying synergistic mechanisms of hyperthermia include inhibiting DNA repair, selective killing of radioresistant hypoxic tumour tissue and increased radiosensitivity by enhanced tissue perfusion. Each of these mechanisms displays different dose-effect relations, different optimal time intervals and different optimal sequences between radiotherapy and hyperthermia. Radiosensitisation can be modelled using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model to account for DNA repair inhibition by hyperthermia. In a recent study, an LQ model-based thermoradiotherapy planning (TRTP) system was used to demonstrate that dose escalation by hyperthermia is equivalent to ∼10 Gy for prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The first step for more reliable TRTP is further expansion of the data set of LQ parameters for normally oxygenated normal and tumour tissue valid over the temperature range used clinically and for the relevant time intervals between radiotherapy and hyperthermia. The next step is to model the effect of hyperthermia in hypoxic tumour cells including the physiological response to hyperthermia and the resulting reoxygenation. Thermoradiotherapy planning is feasible and a necessity for an optimal clinical application of hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Crezee
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam and
| | | | - Arlene L Oei
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam and.,b Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A Stalpers
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam and
| | - Arjan Bel
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam and
| | - Nicolaas A Franken
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam and.,b Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - H Petra Kok
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam and
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Datta NR, Rogers S, Ordóñez SG, Puric E, Bodis S. Hyperthermia and radiotherapy in the management of head and neck cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 32:31-40. [PMID: 26928474 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1099746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the outcome of controlled clinical trials in head and neck cancers (HNCs) using hyperthermia and radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 498 abstracts were screened from four databases and hand searched as per the PRISMA guidelines. Only two-arm studies treating HNCs with either radiotherapy alone, or hyperthermia and radiotherapy without concurrent chemotherapy or surgery were considered. The evaluated end point was complete response (CR). RESULTS Following a detailed screening of the titles, abstracts and full text papers, six articles fulfilling the above eligibility criteria were considered. In total 451 clinical cases from six studies were included in the meta-analysis. Five of six trials were randomised. The overall CR with radiotherapy alone was 39.6% (92/232) and varied between 31.3% and 46.9% across the six trials. With thermoradiotherapy, the overall CR reported was 62.5% (137/219), (range 33.9-83.3%). The odds ratio was 2.92 (95% CI: 1.58-5.42, p = 0.001); the risk ratio was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.32-1.97, p < 0.0001) and the risk difference was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12-0.39, p < 0.0001), all in favour of combined treatment with hyperthermia and radiotherapy over radiotherapy alone. Acute and late grade III/IV toxicities were reported to be similar in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS Hyperthermia along with radiotherapy enhances the likelihood of CR in HNCs by around 25% compared to radiotherapy alone with no significant additional acute and late morbidities. This level I evidence should justify the integration of hyperthermia into the multimodality therapy of HNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy R Datta
- a Centre for Radiation Oncology , KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital , Aarau , Switzerland and
| | - Susanne Rogers
- a Centre for Radiation Oncology , KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital , Aarau , Switzerland and
| | - Silvia Gómez Ordóñez
- a Centre for Radiation Oncology , KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital , Aarau , Switzerland and
| | - Emsad Puric
- a Centre for Radiation Oncology , KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital , Aarau , Switzerland and
| | - Stephan Bodis
- a Centre for Radiation Oncology , KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital , Aarau , Switzerland and.,b Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland
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Huang CW, Sun MK, Chen BT, Shieh J, Chen CS, Chen WS. Simulation of thermal ablation by high-intensity focused ultrasound with temperature-dependent properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:456-465. [PMID: 26186867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated computational framework was developed in this study for modeling high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thermal ablation. The temperature field was obtained by solving the bioheat transfer equation (BHTE) through the finite element method; while, the thermal lesion was considered as a denatured material experiencing phase transformation and modeled with the latent heat. An equivalent attenuation coefficient, which considers the temperature-dependent properties of the target material and the ultrasound diffraction due to bubbles, was proposed in the nonlinear thermal transient analysis. Finally, a modified thermal dose formulation was proposed to predict the lesion size, shape and location. In-vitro thermal ablation experiments on transparent tissue phantoms at different energy levels were carried out to validate this computational framework. The temperature histories and lesion areas from the proposed model show good correlation with those from the in-vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - M K Sun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - B T Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - J Shieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C S Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W S Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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81
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Gu J, Jing Y. Modeling of wave propagation for medical ultrasound: a review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2015; 62:1979-1993. [PMID: 26559627 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2015.007034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerical modeling of medical ultrasound has advanced tremendously in the past two decades. This opens up a great number of opportunities for medical ultrasound and associated technologies. Numerous new governing equations and algorithms have emerged and been applied to studying various medical ultrasound applications, including ultrasound imaging, photo-acoustic imaging, and therapeutic ultrasound. In addition, thanks to the rapid development of computers, modeling acoustic wave propagation in three-dimensional, large-scale domains has become a reality. This article will provide an indepth literature and technical review of recent progress on numerical modeling of medical ultrasound. Future challenges will also be discussed.
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Verhaart RF, Fortunati V, Verduijn GM, van der Lugt A, van Walsum T, Veenland JF, Paulides MM. The relevance of MRI for patient modeling in head and neck hyperthermia treatment planning: a comparison of CT and CT-MRI based tissue segmentation on simulated temperature. Med Phys 2015; 41:123302. [PMID: 25471984 DOI: 10.1118/1.4901270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In current clinical practice, head and neck (H&N) hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) is solely based on computed tomography (CT) images. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides superior soft-tissue contrast over CT. The purpose of the authors' study is to investigate the relevance of using MRI in addition to CT for patient modeling in H&N HTP. METHODS CT and MRI scans were acquired for 11 patients in an immobilization mask. Three observers manually segmented on CT, MRI T1 weighted (MRI-T1w), and MRI T2 weighted (MRI-T2w) images the following thermo-sensitive tissues: cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, myelum, sclera, lens, vitreous humor, and the optical nerve. For these tissues that are used for patient modeling in H&N HTP, the interobserver variation of manual tissue segmentation in CT and MRI was quantified with the mean surface distance (MSD). Next, the authors compared the impact of CT and CT and MRI based patient models on the predicted temperatures. For each tissue, the modality was selected that led to the lowest observer variation and inserted this in the combined CT and MRI based patient model (CT and MRI), after a deformable image registration. In addition, a patient model with a detailed segmentation of brain tissues (including white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid) was created (CT and MRIdb). To quantify the relevance of MRI based segmentation for H&N HTP, the authors compared the predicted maximum temperatures in the segmented tissues (Tmax) and the corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR) of the patient models based on (1) CT, (2) CT and MRI, and (3) CT and MRIdb. RESULTS In MRI, a similar or reduced interobserver variation was found compared to CT (maximum of median MSD in CT: 0.93 mm, MRI-T1w: 0.72 mm, MRI-T2w: 0.66 mm). Only for the optical nerve the interobserver variation is significantly lower in CT compared to MRI (median MSD in CT: 0.58 mm, MRI-T1w: 1.27 mm, MRI-T2w: 1.40 mm). Patient models based on CT (Tmax: 38.0 °C) and CT and MRI (Tmax: 38.1 °C) result in similar simulated temperatures, while CT and MRIdb (Tmax: 38.5 °C) resulted in significantly higher temperatures. The SAR corresponding to these temperatures did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS Although MR imaging reduces the interobserver variation in most tissues, it does not affect simulated local tissue temperatures. However, the improved soft-tissue contrast provided by MRI allows generating a detailed brain segmentation, which has a strong impact on the predicted local temperatures and hence may improve simulation guided hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- René F Verhaart
- Hyperthermia Unit, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, Rotterdam 3008 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Valerio Fortunati
- Biomedical Imaging Group of Rotterdam, Department of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50/60, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda M Verduijn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, Rotterdam 3008 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50/60, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Theo van Walsum
- Biomedical Imaging Group of Rotterdam, Department of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50/60, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Jifke F Veenland
- Biomedical Imaging Group of Rotterdam, Department of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50/60, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Margarethus M Paulides
- Hyperthermia Unit, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, Rotterdam 3008 AE, The Netherlands
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Rijnen Z, Togni P, Roskam R, van de Geer SG, Goossens RHM, Paulides MM. Quality and comfort in head and neck hyperthermia: A redesign according to clinical experience and simulation studies. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:823-30. [PMID: 26446870 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1076893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical phase III trials have shown the benefit of adding hyperthermia to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for head and neck cancer (H&N). The HYPERcollar, a functional prototype capable of applying hyperthermia to the entire H&N region was developed. Specific absorption rate-based hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) is used to optimise HYPERcollar treatments. Hence, besides treatment quality, reproduction and reproducibility of the HTP are also pivotal. In the current work we analysed the impact of key parameters on treatment quality and completely redesigned the mechanical layout of the HYPERcollar for improved treatment quality and patient comfort. MATERIAL AND METHODS The requirements regarding patient position and the water bolus shape were quantified by simulation studies. The complete mechanical redesign was based on these requirements and non-modellable improvements were experimentally validated. RESULTS From simulation studies we imposed the required positioning accuracy to be within ±5 mm. Simulation studies also showed that the water bolus shape has an important impact on treatment quality. Solutions to meet the requirements were 1) a redesign of the applicator, 2) a redesign of the water bolus, and 3) a renewed positioning strategy. Experiments were used to demonstrate whether the solutions meet the requirements. CONCLUSIONS The HYPERcollar redesign improves water bolus shape, stability and skin contact. The renewed positioning strategy allows for positioning of the patient within the required precision of ±5 mm. By clinically introducing the new design, we aim at improving not only treatment quality and reproducibility, but also patient comfort and operator handling, which are all important for a better hyperthermia treatment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zef Rijnen
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , the Netherlands and
| | - Paolo Togni
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , the Netherlands and
| | - Roel Roskam
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , the Netherlands and
| | - Stefan G van de Geer
- b Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering , Delft University of Technology , the Netherlands
| | - Richard H M Goossens
- b Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering , Delft University of Technology , the Netherlands
| | - Margarethus M Paulides
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , the Netherlands and
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84
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Kok HP, Wust P, Stauffer PR, Bardati F, van Rhoon GC, Crezee J. Current state of the art of regional hyperthermia treatment planning: a review. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:196. [PMID: 26383087 PMCID: PMC4574087 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Locoregional hyperthermia, i.e. increasing the tumor temperature to 40–45 °C using an external heating device, is a very effective radio and chemosensitizer, which significantly improves clinical outcome. There is a clear thermal dose-effect relation, but the pursued optimal thermal dose of 43 °C for 1 h can often not be realized due to treatment limiting hot spots in normal tissue. Modern heating devices have a large number of independent antennas, which provides flexible power steering to optimize tumor heating and minimize hot spots, but manual selection of optimal settings is difficult. Treatment planning is a very valuable tool to improve locoregional heating. This paper reviews the developments in treatment planning software for tissue segmentation, electromagnetic field calculations, thermal modeling and optimization techniques. Over the last decade, simulation tools have become more advanced. On-line use has become possible by implementing algorithms on the graphical processing unit, which allows real-time computations. The number of applications using treatment planning is increasing rapidly and moving on from retrospective analyses towards assisting prospective clinical treatment strategies. Some clinically relevant applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P Wust
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - P R Stauffer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - F Bardati
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - G C van Rhoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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85
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Polito D, Arturo Caponero M, Polimadei A, Saccomandi P, Massaroni C, Silvestri S, Schena E. A Needlelike Probe for Temperature Monitoring During Laser Ablation Based on Fiber Bragg Grating: Manufacturing and Characterization. J Med Device 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature distribution monitoring in tissue undergoing laser ablation (LA) could be beneficial for improving treatment outcomes. Among several thermometric techniques employed in LA, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors show valuable characteristics, although their sensitivity to strain entails measurement error for patient respiratory movements. Our work describes a solution to overcome this issue by housing an FBG in a surgical needle. The metrological properties of the probes were assessed in terms of thermal sensitivity (0.027 nm °C−1 versus 0.010 nm °C−1 for epoxy liquid encapsulated probe and thermal paste one, respectively) and response time (about 100 ms) and compared with properties of nonencapsulated FBG (sensitivity of 0.010 nm °C−1, response time of 43 ms). The error due to the strain caused by liver movements, simulating a typical respiratory pattern, was assessed: the strain induces a probes output error less than 0.5 °C, which is negligible when compared to the response of nonencapsulated FBG (2.5 °C). The metallic needle entails a measurement error, called artifact, due to direct absorption of the laser radiation. The analysis of the artifact was performed by employing the probes for temperature monitoring on liver undergoing LA. Experiments were performed at two laser powers (i.e., 2 W and 4 W) and at nine distances between the probes and the laser applicator. The artifact decreases with the distance and increases with the power: it exceeds 10 °C at 4 W, when the encapsulated probes are placed at 3.6 mm and 0 deg from the applicator, and it is lower than 1 °C for distance higher than 5 mm and angle higher than 30 deg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Polito
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Michele Arturo Caponero
- Mem. ASME ENEA, Photonics Micro and Nano structures Laboratory, Research Centre of Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati 00044, Rome, Italy e-mail:
| | - Andrea Polimadei
- Mem. ASME ENEA, Photonics Micro and Nano structures Laboratory, Research Centre of Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati 00044, Rome, Italy e-mail:
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Sergio Silvestri
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Mem. ASME Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy e-mail:
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Datta NR, Ordóñez SG, Gaipl US, Paulides MM, Crezee H, Gellermann J, Marder D, Puric E, Bodis S. Local hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy and-/or chemotherapy: recent advances and promises for the future. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:742-53. [PMID: 26051911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia, one of the oldest forms of cancer treatment involves selective heating of tumor tissues to temperatures ranging between 39 and 45°C. Recent developments based on the thermoradiobiological rationale of hyperthermia indicate it to be a potent radio- and chemosensitizer. This has been further corroborated through positive clinical outcomes in various tumor sites using thermoradiotherapy or thermoradiochemotherapy approaches. Moreover, being devoid of any additional significant toxicity, hyperthermia has been safely used with low or moderate doses of reirradiation for retreatment of previously treated and recurrent tumors, resulting in significant tumor regression. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies also indicate a unique immunomodulating prospect of hyperthermia, especially when combined with radiotherapy. In addition, the technological advances over the last decade both in hardware and software have led to potent and even safer loco-regional hyperthermia treatment delivery, thermal treatment planning, thermal dose monitoring through noninvasive thermometry and online adaptive temperature modulation. The review summarizes the outcomes from various clinical studies (both randomized and nonrandomized) where hyperthermia is used as a thermal sensitizer of radiotherapy and-/or chemotherapy in various solid tumors and presents an overview of the progresses in loco-regional hyperthermia. These recent developments, supported by positive clinical outcomes should merit hyperthermia to be incorporated in the therapeutic armamentarium as a safe and an effective addendum to the existing oncological treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Datta
- Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - S Gómez Ordóñez
- Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - M M Paulides
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Gellermann
- Praxis/Zentrum für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Janusz-Korczak-Str. 12, 12627 Berlin, Germany.
| | - D Marder
- Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - E Puric
- Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - S Bodis
- Centre of Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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87
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Linthorst M, Baaijens M, Wiggenraad R, Creutzberg C, Ghidey W, van Rhoon GC, van der Zee J. Local control rate after the combination of re-irradiation and hyperthermia for irresectable recurrent breast cancer: Results in 248 patients. Radiother Oncol 2015; 117:217-22. [PMID: 26002305 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Randomized studies have shown that adding hyperthermia (HT) to re-irradiation (re-RT) improves treatment outcome for patients with breast cancer recurrences. We evaluated the efficacy and side effects in patients treated with re-RT and HT for irresectable locoregional breast cancer recurrences. MATERIAL AND METHODS From September 1996 to December 2011, 248 patients with a macroscopic breast cancer recurrence were treated with re-RT and HT. Radiotherapy (RT) was applied to a dose of 32 Gy in 4 Gy fractions, twice weekly. HT was prescribed once weekly after RT. Primary endpoints for this analysis were complete response (CR) and local control (LC). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related characteristics predictive for the endpoints were identified in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 32 months. The CR rate was 70%. At 1, 3, and 5 years LC was 53%, 40% and 39%, and OS was 66%, 32%, and 18%, respectively. OS after 10 years was 10%. Thermal burns developed in 23% patients, healing with conservative measures. The incidence of 5 years late grade 3 toxicity was 1%. A few patients survived more than 10 years without evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS The combination of re-RT and HT results in a high rate of long-term LC with acceptable late toxicity, and many patients remained locally controlled for the rest of their survival period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Linthorst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Margreet Baaijens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Wiggenraad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Carien Creutzberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Wendimagegn Ghidey
- HOVON Data Center, Erasmus MC-Clinical Trial Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C van Rhoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoba van der Zee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyperthermia Unit, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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88
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MRI integration into treatment planning of head and neck tumors: Can patient immobilization be avoided? Radiother Oncol 2015; 115:191-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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89
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Iacono MI, Neufeld E, Akinnagbe E, Bower K, Wolf J, Vogiatzis Oikonomidis I, Sharma D, Lloyd B, Wilm BJ, Wyss M, Pruessmann KP, Jakab A, Makris N, Cohen ED, Kuster N, Kainz W, Angelone LM. MIDA: A Multimodal Imaging-Based Detailed Anatomical Model of the Human Head and Neck. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124126. [PMID: 25901747 PMCID: PMC4406723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling and simulations are increasingly being used to complement experimental testing for analysis of safety and efficacy of medical devices. Multiple voxel- and surface-based whole- and partial-body models have been proposed in the literature, typically with spatial resolution in the range of 1-2 mm and with 10-50 different tissue types resolved. We have developed a multimodal imaging-based detailed anatomical model of the human head and neck, named "MIDA". The model was obtained by integrating three different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities, the parameters of which were tailored to enhance the signals of specific tissues: i) structural T1- and T2-weighted MRIs; a specific heavily T2-weighted MRI slab with high nerve contrast optimized to enhance the structures of the ear and eye; ii) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) data to image the vasculature, and iii) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain information on anisotropy and fiber orientation. The unique multimodal high-resolution approach allowed resolving 153 structures, including several distinct muscles, bones and skull layers, arteries and veins, nerves, as well as salivary glands. The model offers also a detailed characterization of eyes, ears, and deep brain structures. A special automatic atlas-based segmentation procedure was adopted to include a detailed map of the nuclei of the thalamus and midbrain into the head model. The suitability of the model to simulations involving different numerical methods, discretization approaches, as well as DTI-based tensorial electrical conductivity, was examined in a case-study, in which the electric field was generated by transcranial alternating current stimulation. The voxel- and the surface-based versions of the models are freely available to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ida Iacono
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, United States of America
| | - Esra Neufeld
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Akinnagbe
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Bower
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, United States of America
| | - Johanna Wolf
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis Oikonomidis
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deepika Sharma
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bryn Lloyd
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bertram J. Wilm
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P. Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andras Jakab
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Computer Vision Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikos Makris
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center For Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, United States of America
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, United States of America
| | - Ethan D. Cohen
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, United States of America
| | - Niels Kuster
- IT'IS Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Kainz
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, United States of America
| | - Leonardo M. Angelone
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, United States of America
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Scott SJ, Salgaonkar V, Prakash P, Burdette EC, Diederich CJ. Interstitial ultrasound ablation of vertebral and paraspinal tumours: parametric and patient-specific simulations. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 30:228-44. [PMID: 25017322 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.915992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Theoretical parametric and patient-specific models are applied to assess the feasibility of interstitial ultrasound ablation of tumours in and near the spine and to identify potential treatment delivery strategies. METHODS 3D patient-specific finite element models (n = 11) of interstitial ultrasound ablation of tumours associated with the spine were generated. Gaseous nerve insulation and various applicator configurations, frequencies (3 and 7 MHz), placement trajectories, and tumour locations were simulated. Parametric studies with multilayered models investigated the impacts of tumour attenuation, tumour dimension, and the thickness of bone insulating critical structures. Temperature and thermal dose were calculated to define ablation (>240 equivalent minutes at 43 °C (EM43 °C)) and safety margins (<45 °C and <6 EM43 °C), and to determine performance and required delivery parameters. RESULTS Osteolytic tumours (≤44 mm) encapsulated by bone could be successfully ablated with 7 MHz interstitial ultrasound (8.1-16.6 W/cm(2), 120-5900 J, 0.4-15 min). Ablation of tumours (94.6-100% volumetric) 0-14.5 mm from the spinal canal was achieved within 3-15 min without damaging critical nerves. 3 MHz devices provided faster ablation (390 versus 930 s) of an 18 mm diameter osteoblastic (high bone content) volume than 7 MHz devices. Critical anatomy in proximity to the tumour could be protected by selection of appropriate applicator configurations, active sectors, and applied power schemas, and through gaseous insulation. Preferential ultrasound absorption at bone surfaces facilitated faster, more effective ablations in osteolytic tumours and provided isolation of ablative energies and temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Parametric and patient-specific studies demonstrated the feasibility and potential advantages of interstitial ultrasound ablation treatment of paraspinal and osteolytic vertebral tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena J Scott
- Thermal Therapy Research Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California , San Francisco , California
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Kouloulias V, Karanasiou I, Giamalaki M, Matsopoulos G, Kouvaris J, Kelekis N, Uzunoglu N. Theoretical analysis, design and development of a 27-MHz folded loop antenna as a potential applicator in hyperthermia treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:23-32. [PMID: 25578580 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.981873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A hyperthermia system using a folded loop antenna applicator at 27 MHz for soft tissue treatment was investigated both theoretically and experimentally to evaluate its clinical value. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electromagnetic analysis of a 27-MHz folded loop antenna for use in human tissue was based on a customised software tool and led to the design and development of the proposed hyperthermia system. The system was experimentally validated using specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution estimations through temperature distribution measurements of a muscle tissue phantom after electromagnetic exposure. Various scenarios for optimal antenna positioning were also performed. RESULTS Comparison of the theoretical and experimental analysis results shows satisfactory agreement. The SAR level of 50% reaches 8 cm depth in the tissue phantom. Thus, based on the maximum observed SAR values that were of the order of 100 W/kg, the antenna specified is suitable for deep tumour heating. CONCLUSIONS Theoretical and experimental SAR distribution results as derived from this study are in agreement. The proposed folded loop antenna seems appropriate for use in hyperthermia treatment, achieving proper planning and local treatment of deeply seated affected areas and lesions.
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Adibzadeh F, Verhaart RF, Verduijn GM, Fortunati V, Rijnen Z, Franckena M, van Rhoon GC, Paulides MM. Association of acute adverse effects with high local SAR induced in the brain from prolonged RF head and neck hyperthermia. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:995-1006. [PMID: 25574664 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/3/995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To provide an adequate level of protection for humans from exposure to radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and to assure that any adverse health effects are avoided. The basic restrictions in terms of the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) were prescribed by IEEE and ICNIRP. An example of a therapeutic application of non-ionizing EMF is hyperthermia (HT), in which intense RF energy is focused at a target region. Deep HT in the head and neck (H&N) region involves inducing energy at 434 MHz for 60 min on target. Still, stray exposure of the brain is considerable, but to date only very limited side-effects were observed. The objective of this study is to investigate the stringency of the current basic restrictions by relating the induced EM dose in the brain of patients treated with deep head and neck (H&N) HT to the scored acute health effects. We performed a simulation study to calculate the induced peak 10 g spatial-averaged SAR (psSAR₁₀g) in the brains of 16 selected H&N patients who received the highest SAR exposure in the brain, i.e. who had the minimum brain-target distance and received high forwarded power during treatment. The results show that the maximum induced SAR in the brain of the patients can exceed the current basic restrictions (IEEE and ICNIRP) on psSAR₁₀g for occupational environments by 14 times. Even considering the high local SAR in the brain, evaluation of acute effects by the common toxicity criteria (CTC) scores revealed no indication of a serious acute neurological effect. In addition, this study provides pioneering quantitative human data on the association between maximum brain SAR level and acute adverse effects when brains are exposed to prolonged RF EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adibzadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Hyperthermia Unit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Trujillo-Romero CJ, Paulides MM, Drizdal T, van Rhoon GC. Impact of silicone and metal port-a-cath implants on superficial hyperthermia treatment quality. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 31:15-22. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.985748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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94
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Centi S, Tatini F, Ratto F, Gnerucci A, Mercatelli R, Romano G, Landini I, Nobili S, Ravalli A, Marrazza G, Mini E, Fusi F, Pini R. In vitro assessment of antibody-conjugated gold nanorods for systemic injections. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:55. [PMID: 25477237 PMCID: PMC4266900 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest for gold nanorods in biomedical optics is driven by their intense absorbance of near infrared light, their biocompatibility and their potential to reach tumors after systemic administration. Examples of applications include the photoacoustic imaging and the photothermal ablation of cancer. In spite of great current efforts, the selective delivery of gold nanorods to tumors through the bloodstream remains a formidable challenge. Their bio-conjugation with targeting units, and in particular with antibodies, is perceived as a hopeful solution, but the complexity of living organisms complicates the identification of possible obstacles along the way to tumors. RESULTS Here, we present a new model of gold nanorods conjugated with anti-cancer antigen 125 (CA125) antibodies, which exhibit high specificity for ovarian cancer cells. We implement a battery of tests in vitro, in order to simulate major nuisances and predict the feasibility of these particles for intravenous injections. We show that parameters like the competition of free CA125 in the bloodstream, which could saturate the probe before arriving at the tumors, the matrix effect and the interference with erythrocytes and phagocytes are uncritical. CONCLUSIONS Although some deterioration is detectable, anti-CA125-conjugated gold nanorods retain their functional features after interaction with blood tissue and so represent a powerful candidate to hit ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Centi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tatini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ratto
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Alessio Gnerucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Mercatelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Shiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ida Landini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ravalli
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Shiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Shiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Enrico Mini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Franco Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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95
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Temperature simulations in hyperthermia treatment planning of the head and neck region. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:1117-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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96
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Schena E, Majocchi L. Assessment of temperature measurement error and its correction during Nd:YAG laser ablation in porcine pancreas. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 30:328-34. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.928832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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97
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Numan WC, Hofstetter LW, Kotek G, Bakker JF, Fiveland EW, Houston GC, Kudielka G, Yeo DT, Paulides MM. Exploration of MR-guided head and neck hyperthermia by phantom testing of a modified prototype applicator for use with proton resonance frequency shift thermometry. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 30:184-91. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.910615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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98
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CT-based patient modeling for head and neck hyperthermia treatment planning: manual versus automatic normal-tissue-segmentation. Radiother Oncol 2014; 111:158-63. [PMID: 24631148 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinical trials have shown that hyperthermia, as adjuvant to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, improves treatment of patients with locally advanced or recurrent head and neck (H&N) carcinoma. Hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) guided H&N hyperthermia is being investigated, which requires patient specific 3D patient models derived from Computed Tomography (CT)-images. To decide whether a recently developed automatic-segmentation algorithm can be introduced in the clinic, we compared the impact of manual- and automatic normal-tissue-segmentation variations on HTP quality. MATERIAL AND METHODS CT images of seven patients were segmented automatically and manually by four observers, to study inter-observer and intra-observer geometrical variation. To determine the impact of this variation on HTP quality, HTP was performed using the automatic and manual segmentation of each observer, for each patient. This impact was compared to other sources of patient model uncertainties, i.e. varying gridsizes and dielectric tissue properties. RESULTS Despite geometrical variations, manual and automatic generated 3D patient models resulted in an equal, i.e. 1%, variation in HTP quality. This variation was minor with respect to the total of other sources of patient model uncertainties, i.e. 11.7%. CONCLUSIONS Automatically generated 3D patient models can be introduced in the clinic for H&N HTP.
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99
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Rossmann C, Haemmerich D. Review of temperature dependence of thermal properties, dielectric properties, and perfusion of biological tissues at hyperthermic and ablation temperatures. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 42:467-92. [PMID: 25955712 PMCID: PMC4859435 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2015012486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of supraphysiological temperatures (>40°C) to biological tissues causes changes at the molecular, cellular, and structural level, with corresponding changes in tissue function and in thermal, mechanical and dielectric tissue properties. This is particularly relevant for image-guided thermal treatments (e.g. hyperthermia and thermal ablation) delivering heat via focused ultrasound (FUS), radiofrequency (RF), microwave (MW), or laser energy; temperature induced changes in tissue properties are of relevance in relation to predicting tissue temperature profile, monitoring during treatment, and evaluation of treatment results. This paper presents a literature survey of temperature dependence of electrical (electrical conductivity, resistivity, permittivity) and thermal tissue properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, diffusivity). Data of soft tissues (liver, prostate, muscle, kidney, uterus, collagen, myocardium and spleen) for temperatures between 5 to 90°C, and dielectric properties in the frequency range between 460 kHz and 3 GHz are reported. Furthermore, perfusion changes in tumors including carcinomas, sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma and ependymoblastoma in response to hyperthmic temperatures up to 46°C are presented. Where appropriate, mathematical models to describe temperature dependence of properties are presented. The presented data is valuable for mathematical models that predict tissue temperature during thermal therapies (e.g. hyperthermia or thermal ablation), as well as for applications related to prediction and monitoring of temperature induced tissue changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rossmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dieter Haemmerich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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100
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Dabbagh A, Abdullah BJJ, Abu Kasim NH, Ramasindarum C. Reusable heat-sensitive phantom for precise estimation of thermal profile in hyperthermia application. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 30:66-74. [PMID: 24286257 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.854930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The emergence of thermal modalities has promoted the use of heat-sensitive phantoms for calibration, measurement, and verification purposes. However, development of durable phantoms with high precision ability to represent the temperature distribution remains a challenge. This study aims to introduce a reusable phantom that provides an accurate assessment of the heated region in various thermal modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phantom contains a thermochromic dye that is transparent blue at room temperature and becomes colourless after exceeding a threshold temperature. In order to determine the threshold temperature of the phantom, spectrophotometry analysis was performed. The various thermal (specific heat, thermal conductivity, melting point and latent heat of melting) and acoustic (sound speed, attenuation) properties of this phantom were measured and compared with those of the reference phantom without dye. The application of this phantom for radio-frequency and magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound modalities was also examined. RESULTS The spectrophotometry analysis showed a threshold temperature of 50 ± 3 °C for this phantom. The results also demonstrated a 6 °C difference between the onset and ending temperatures of the discolouration process. Moreover, the starting temperature of colouration during cooling was found to be 4 °C lower than the ending temperature of discolouration. The sound speed, attenuation, specific heat, thermal conductivity and melting point of the heat-sensitive phantom were statistically equal to those of the reference phantom; however, the latent heat, and onset temperature of the melting of the heat-sensitive phantom were decreased by addition of the dye. CONCLUSIONS The developed phantom is applicable for accurate evaluation of temperature variations in various thermal modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dabbagh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur
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