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de Jong LD, van Wijck F, Stewart RE, Geurts ACH, Dijkstra PU. Content of conventional therapy for the severely affected arm during subacute rehabilitation after stroke: An analysis of physiotherapy and occupational therapy practice. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 23. [PMID: 28092139 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) are key professions providing treatment for the arm after stroke; however, knowledge about the content of these treatments is scant. Detailed data are needed to replicate interventions, evaluate their effective components, and evaluate PT and OT practice. This paper describes PT and OT treatment for the severely affected arm in terms of duration, content according to components and categories of the International Classification of Human Functioning, Disability and Health, and to analyze differences between professions. METHODS Design: This is a retrospective analysis of randomized trial data. PARTICIPANTS 46 patients after stroke with poor arm motor control recruited from inpatient neurological units from three rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands. PROCEDURE PTs and OTs recorded duration and content of arm treatment interventions for 8 weeks using a bespoke treatment schedule with 15 International Classification of Human Functioning, Disability and Health categories. RESULTS PTs and OTs spent on average 4-7 min per treatment session (30 min) on arm treatment. OTs spent significantly more time providing arm treatment and treatment at the activities level than PTs. PTs spent 79% of their arm treatment time on body functions, OTs 41%. OTs spent significantly more time on "moving around using transportation," "self care," and "household tasks" categories. CONCLUSIONS Patients after stroke with a severely affected arm and an unfavorable prognosis for arm motor recovery receive little arm-oriented PT and OT. Therapists spent most arm treatment time on body functions. There was a considerable overlap in the content of PT and OT in 12 of the 15 categories. Results can be generalized only to patients with poor arm motor control and may not represent practice in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex D de Jong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Applied Health Research, School for Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frederike van Wijck
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School for Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roy E Stewart
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander C H Geurts
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter U Dijkstra
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Russell RG, Davidson H, Rhoads C, Petrusa ER. How do we understand the determinants of health? An exploration of distributed knowledge and interprofessional health sciences education. J Interprof Care 2016; 31:118-121. [PMID: 27849415 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2016.1233391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is acknowledged that interprofessional communication and teamwork are foundational for high-quality, safe medical practice. The theory of distributed knowledge posits that each person has unique knowledge and experiences that can contribute to a broader group perspective. Patient care can be positively influenced by a robust and interprofessionally shared understanding of the complexities of health and illness. One would expect a variety of perspectives to be evident in all healthcare providers, including incoming health science students from different professional fields. To examine this notion, medical, nursing, and pharmacy students (n = 24) at the start of an interprofessional training experience were asked to write an essay on factors that contribute to health and/or illness. Their essays were thematically coded to generate a list of factors considered key to health/illness and compare responses across fields to better understand how knowledge is distributed across entering learners. Results show that students from different professional backgrounds emphasise some shared and some divergent factors. This distributed knowledge can be a rich source of understanding and shared thinking across professions. It is also a critical source of individual power to contribute to the construction of an ongoing, collaborative discourse about health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G Russell
- a Office for Teaching and Learning in Medicine , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Heather Davidson
- b Vanderbilt Program in Interprofessional Learning (VPIL) , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Celia Rhoads
- a Office for Teaching and Learning in Medicine , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Emil R Petrusa
- a Office for Teaching and Learning in Medicine , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
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Cliff C, McGraw C. The conduct and process of mental capacity assessments in home health care settings. Br J Community Nurs 2016; 21:570-577. [PMID: 27809588 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2016.21.11.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of capacity to consent to treatment is key to shared practitioner-patient decision-making. It is the responsibility of the person closest to the decision being made to carry out the assessment. The aim was to examine the factors that influence mental capacity assessments in home health care settings and identify the facilitators and inhibitors to the conduct and process of assessments as perceived and experienced by non-medical health practitioners providing generalist community services. Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of community nurses, community physiotherapists and community occupational therapists in one NHS Trust in London. Data were analysed thematically. The main themes were issues relating to: intrinsic patient factors and behaviours; recognising, managing and utilising the influence of the family; practitioner motivation and competence; working together as a team to optimise shared decision making, and; the importance of place. While some issues appear germane to both hospital and home health care settings, others are unique to - or manifest very differently in - home health care settings. The findings suggest that the influence of family members, long-term practitioner-patient relationships and physical distance from co-workers make the conduct and process of mental capacity assessments in home health care settings an inherently complex endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cliff
- Senior Nurse Practitioner, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
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Visagie S, Swartz L. Rural South Africans' rehabilitation experiences: Case studies from the Northern Cape Province. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2016; 72:298. [PMID: 30135884 PMCID: PMC6093100 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v72i1.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehabilitation is often challenging in South Africa, but South Africans living in remote rural settings might experience unique challenges. OBJECTIVE This article interrogates issues of access to rehabilitation in a selected sample from rural South Africa through case studies. METHOD This qualitative study utilised a case study design. Eight case studies were done in a purposively sampled rural town in the Northern Cape Province. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. Data were analysed according to the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS The case study participants were not integrated into the community. They experienced higher levels of disability than one would expect from their impairments. Their impairments were not modified. No retraining of function was implemented. Early intervention and childhood development activities were not provided. Participants were not linked with self-help or peer support groups. Provision of assistive devices was challenged. Environmental barriers aggravated the situation. CONCLUSION We theorise that one-on-one therapy is not the solution to the rehabilitation needs of persons with disabilities in remote, rural settings. We recommend a move to community-based rehabilitation and transdisciplinary teamwork supported by family members, community health workers and peer mentors. Therapists are ideally situated to explore the feasibility of such programmes and to pilot them in various communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surona Visagie
- Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Leslie Swartz
- Department of Psychology; Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Larsen A, Broberger E, Petersson P. Complex caring needs without simple solutions: the experience of interprofessional collaboration among staff caring for older persons with multimorbidity at home care settings. Scand J Caring Sci 2016; 31:342-350. [PMID: 27439763 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older persons with multimorbidity being cared for at home often have complex needs which cannot be met by one single caregiver. Interprofessional collaboration is therefore considered necessary if care is to be organised according to the needs of the older person. To achieve coherent health care, municipalities and county councils need to develop their collaboration. AIM The aim of this study was to illustrate how various professionals belonging to homemaker services, home care services in municipality and hospital-based home care services experience collaboration in caring for older persons with multimorbidity. METHOD A hermeneutic approach was used. Eleven informants participated in the study and were individually interviewed. FINDINGS The findings show that collaboration between players comprises various types of experiences which influence not only the staff who are involved in collaboration but also the outcome of the collaboration itself. The informants' experience of collaboration was defined by distrust and trust and by insecurity and security. To focus on patients' needs and to develop the collaboration further, it was important for informants to take the relations into account and have a reflective and questioning approach. This attitude resulted in a feeling of trust and security, and a flexible and critical approach without boundary drawings between basic and specialised care. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE OF PRACTICE Complex situations cannot be solved with simple models. Instead, a flexible approach appears necessary with focus shifting from structures to interpersonal relations and interactions. Therefore, the different professionals have to work as a transprofessional team where close interactions, flexibility and improvisation are keys to success. The transprofessional team approach is suggested to have the potential to take the competence of all staff into account when high-quality home health care to older persons with multimorbidity is to be provided by multiple caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Larsen
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Eva Broberger
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Petersson
- School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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Kaba A, Wishart I, Fraser K, Coderre S, McLaughlin K. Are we at risk of groupthink in our approach to teamwork interventions in health care? MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 50:400-8. [PMID: 26995480 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The incidence of medical error, adverse clinical events and poor quality health care is unacceptably high and there are data to suggest that poor coordination of care, or teamwork, contributes to adverse outcomes. So, can we assume that increased collaboration in multidisciplinary teams improves performance and health care outcomes for patients? METHODS In this essay, the authors discuss some reasons why we should not presume that collective decision making leads to better decisions and collaborative care results in better health care outcomes. RESULTS Despite an exponential increase in interventions designed to improve teamwork and interprofessional education (IPE), we are still lacking good quality data on whether these interventions improve important outcomes. There are reasons why some of the components of 'effective teamwork', such as shared mental models, team orientation and mutual trust, could impair delivery of health care. For example, prior studies have found that brainstorming results in fewer ideas rather than more, and hinders rather than helps productivity. There are several possible explanations for this effect, including 'social loafing' and cognitive overload. Similarly, attributes that improve cohesion within groups, such as team orientation and mutual trust, may increase the risk of 'groupthink' and group conformity bias, which may lead to poorer decisions. CONCLUSIONS In reality, teamwork and IPE are not inherently good, bad or neutral; instead, as with any intervention, their effect is modified by the persons involved, the situation and the interaction between persons and situation. Thus, rather than assume better outcomes with teamwork and IPE interventions, as clinicians and educators we must demonstrate that our interventions improve the delivery of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyshah Kaba
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Wishart
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristin Fraser
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sylvain Coderre
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin McLaughlin
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bennett E, Hauck Y, Radford G, Bindahneem S. An interprofessional exploration of nursing and social work roles when working jointly with families. J Interprof Care 2016; 30:232-7. [DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2015.1115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Morphet J, Griffiths DL, Crawford K, Williams A, Jones T, Berry B, Innes K. Using transprofessional care in the emergency department to reduce patient admissions: A retrospective audit of medical histories. J Interprof Care 2016; 30:226-31. [PMID: 26954260 DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2015.1115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The demand for emergency department (ED) services has increased significantly, due to our increasingly ageing population and limited access to primary care. This article reports outcomes from a transprofessional model of care in an ED in Victoria, Australia. Nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, and occupational therapists undertook additional education to increase the range of services they could provide and thereby expedite patient flow through the ED. One hundred patients who received this service were matched against 50 patients who did not. The most common reasons for patient admission were limb injury/limb pain (n = 47, 23.5%) and falls (n = 46, 23.0%). Transprofessional interventions included applying supportive bandages, slings, zimmer splints and controlled ankle motion (CAM) boots, and referral to new services such as case management and mental health teams. The rate of hospital admissions was significantly lower in the transprofessional group (n = 27, 18.0%) than in the reference group (n = 19, 38%, p = 0.005). This group also had a slightly lower re-presentation rate (n = 4, 2.7%) than patients in the reference group (n = 2, 4.0%). There are many benefits that support this model of care that in turn reduces ED overcrowding and work stress. A transprofessional model may offer a creative solution to meeting the varied needs of patients presenting for emergency care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Morphet
- a School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University , Frankston , Victoria , Australia
| | - Debra Lee Griffiths
- a School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University , Frankston , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kimberley Crawford
- b School of Nursing and Midwifery , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Allison Williams
- b School of Nursing and Midwifery , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Tamsin Jones
- a School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University , Frankston , Victoria , Australia
| | - Belinda Berry
- c Hospital Admission Risk Program (HARP), Peninsula Health , Frankston , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kelli Innes
- a School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University , Frankston , Victoria , Australia
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Bonilla C, Brauer P, Royall D, Keller H, Hanning RM, DiCenso A. Interprofessional dietary assessment practices in primary care: A mixed-methods study. J Interprof Care 2016; 30:77-82. [PMID: 26789793 DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2015.1064877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients in primary care (PC) are often counselled on diet, and assessment of current food intake is a necessary prerequisite for individualized nutrition care. This sequential mixed-methods study explored current diet assessment (DA) practices in team-based PC in Ontario, Canada, with interdisciplinary focus groups (FGs) followed by a web-based survey. Eleven FGs (n = 50) discussed key patient groups and health conditions requiring DA, as well as facilitators and barriers to accurate DA. Interpretative analysis revealed three themes: DA as a common activity that differed by health profession, communication of DA results within the team, and nutrition care as a collaborative team activity. A total of 191 providers from 73 Family Health Teams completed the web-based survey, and confirmed that many providers are frequently doing DA and that methods vary by discipline. Most providers conducted DAs every day or almost every day. As expected, dietitians used more formal and detailed methods to assess diet than other disciplines, who were more likely to ask a few pointed questions. These baseline data provide information on the range of current DA practices in team-based PC that can inform development of new, more accurate approaches that may improve counselling effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bonilla
- a Family Relations & Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Paula Brauer
- a Family Relations & Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Dawna Royall
- a Family Relations & Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Heather Keller
- b Department of Kinesiology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - Rhona M Hanning
- c School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - Alba DiCenso
- d School of Nursing , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
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Using Semantic Components to Represent Dynamics of an Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team in a Multi-Agent Decision Support System. J Med Syst 2015; 40:42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Conte H, Scheja M, Hjelmqvist H, Jirwe M. Exploring teams of learners becoming "WE" in the Intensive Care Unit--a focused ethnographic study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 15:131. [PMID: 26277784 PMCID: PMC4537779 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research about collaboration within teams of learners in intensive care is sparse, as is research on how the learners in a group develop into a team. The aim of this study was to explore the collaboration in teams of learners during a rotation in an interprofessional education unit in intensive care from a sociocultural learning perspective. METHODS Focused Ethnographic methods were used to collect data following eight teams of learners in 2009 and 2010. Each team consisted of one resident, one specialist nurse student and their supervisors (n = 28). The material consisted of 100 hours of observations, interviews, and four hours of sound recordings. A qualitative analysis explored changing patterns of interplay through a constant comparative approach. RESULTS The learners' collaboration progressed along a pattern of participation common to all eight groups with a chronological starting point and an end point. The progress consisted of three main steps where the learners' groups developed into teams during a week's training. The supervisors' guided the progress by gradually stepping back to provide latitude for critical reflection and action. CONCLUSION Our main conclusion in training teams of learners how to collaborate in the intensive care is the crucial understanding of how to guide them to act like a team, feel like a team and having the authority to act as a team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Conte
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Max Scheja
- Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hans Hjelmqvist
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Jirwe
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Nursing, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Role theory and the practice of interprofessional education: A critical appraisal and a call to sociologists. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1057/sth.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hewitt G, Sims S, Greenwood N, Jones F, Ross F, Harris R. Interprofessional teamwork in stroke care: Is it visible or important to patients and carers? J Interprof Care 2014; 29:331-9. [PMID: 25158116 DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2014.950727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Interprofessional teamwork is seen in healthcare policy and practice as a key strategy for providing safe, efficient and holistic healthcare and is an accepted part of evidence-based stroke care. The impact of interprofessional teamwork on patient and carer experience(s) of care is unknown, although some research suggests a relationship might exist. This study aimed to explore patient and carer perceptions of good and poor teamwork and its impact on experiences of care. Critical incident interviews were conducted with 50 patients and 33 carers in acute, inpatient rehabilitation and community phases of care within two UK stroke care pathways. An analytical framework, derived from a realist synthesis of 13 'mechanisms' (processes) of interprofessional teamwork, was used to identify positive and negative 'indicators' of teamwork. Participants identified several mechanisms of teamwork, but it was not a subject most talked about readily. This suggests that interprofessional teamwork is not a concept that is particularly important to stroke patients and carers; they do not readily perceive any impacts of teamwork on their experiences. These findings are a salient reminder that what might be expected by healthcare professionals to be important influences on experience may not be perceived to be so by patients and carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Hewitt
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK and
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Sims S, Hewitt G, Harris R. Evidence of a shared purpose, critical reflection, innovation and leadership in interprofessional healthcare teams: a realist synthesis. J Interprof Care 2014; 29:209-15. [PMID: 25051089 DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2014.941459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Realist synthesis is a theory-driven approach for evaluating complex interventions using empirical evidence, which seeks an explanatory analysis of who a complex intervention works for, how, why, and in what circumstances. Interprofessional teamworking in healthcare is one such complex intervention, as teams are influenced by social and organizational factors, which makes them highly variable and context dependent. This article concludes a series of four articles that report on a realist synthesis of interprofessional teamworking. The synthesis identified 13 mechanisms that are reported in the literature to be the underlying processes through which interprofessional teamworking produces its effects. This article explores four of these mechanisms: a shared purpose; critical reflection; innovation; and leadership. These mechanisms together explain how a team sets and maintains its focus and direction. This article highlights that whilst many assumptions are made within the healthcare literature about how these mechanisms operate within teams, these assumptions are not always founded upon strong empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sims
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George's University of London , Surrey, London , UK and
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Hewitt G, Sims S, Harris R. Evidence of communication, influence and behavioural norms in interprofessional teams: a realist synthesis. J Interprof Care 2014; 29:100-5. [DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2014.941458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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